JP5392669B2 - Polymer flexible actuator - Google Patents

Polymer flexible actuator Download PDF

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JP5392669B2
JP5392669B2 JP2008120060A JP2008120060A JP5392669B2 JP 5392669 B2 JP5392669 B2 JP 5392669B2 JP 2008120060 A JP2008120060 A JP 2008120060A JP 2008120060 A JP2008120060 A JP 2008120060A JP 5392669 B2 JP5392669 B2 JP 5392669B2
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利博 平井
一臣 平井
緑 高崎
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Shinshu University NUC
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Description

本発明は、人工筋肉等に適用することができ、電気刺激により変形可能で、小型かつ柔軟で軽量な高分子柔軟アクチュエータに関する。   The present invention relates to a polymer flexible actuator that can be applied to artificial muscles and the like, can be deformed by electrical stimulation, and is small, flexible, and lightweight.

誘電性高分子材料を用いたアクチュエータは、小型軽量かつ柔軟であり人工筋肉への応用が期待されている。人工筋肉アクチュエータとして期待されている誘電性高分子材料にはポリ塩化ビニルやポリメタクリル酸メチルなどがある。中でも可塑剤を含有させたポリ塩化ビニルゲルは、生体筋肉に類似し、電気刺激によりクリープ変形もしくはベンディング変形を生じる。しかし、一般的にこれらの誘電性高分子を用いたゲルアクチュエータの駆動には数百Vの高電圧の印加で必要である。従って、低電圧で駆動するゲルアクチュエータの開発は、人工筋肉への応用には必要不可欠である。   Actuators using dielectric polymer materials are small, light and flexible, and are expected to be applied to artificial muscles. Examples of dielectric polymer materials expected as artificial muscle actuators include polyvinyl chloride and polymethyl methacrylate. Among them, the polyvinyl chloride gel containing a plasticizer is similar to biological muscles and causes creep deformation or bending deformation by electrical stimulation. However, in general, driving a gel actuator using these dielectric polymers requires application of a high voltage of several hundred volts. Therefore, the development of a gel actuator driven at a low voltage is indispensable for application to artificial muscles.

これらの問題を解決するために、近年は高分子とイオン液体を用いたイオンゲルアクチュエータが注目を浴びている。   In order to solve these problems, in recent years, an ion gel actuator using a polymer and an ionic liquid has attracted attention.

特許文献1に高分子とイオン液体を用いたアクチュエータが開示されている。これは、誘電性高分子とイオン液体、さらにカーボンナノファイバーを使用している。このアクチュエータは3層で形成されており、製造方法も何段階かのステップを必要とされ、使用している試薬も一般的には高価のものである。   Patent Document 1 discloses an actuator using a polymer and an ionic liquid. This uses a dielectric polymer, an ionic liquid, and carbon nanofibers. This actuator is formed of three layers, the manufacturing method requires several steps, and the reagents used are generally expensive.

また、特許文献2のアクチュエータにおいては、誘電性高分子、可塑剤および添加剤を使用したアクチュエータであり、駆動電圧の低下する方法を開示している。この駆動法では、従来に比べ駆動電圧の低下は見られたが100V以上の印加電圧が必要であり、相対的に高い駆動電圧を要する次点がある。
特開2006−288040 特開2005−323482
The actuator disclosed in Patent Document 2 is an actuator using a dielectric polymer, a plasticizer, and an additive, and discloses a method for reducing a driving voltage. In this driving method, although the driving voltage is reduced as compared with the conventional method, an applied voltage of 100 V or more is necessary, and there is a second point that requires a relatively high driving voltage.
JP 2006-288040 JP-A-2005-323482

本発明は、低電場で駆動でき、空気中で安定に作動し、製造および加工が極めて簡単であり、幅広い用途への実用化を可能にする柔軟高分子アクチュエータを提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a flexible polymer actuator that can be driven in a low electric field, operates stably in air, is extremely simple to manufacture and process, and enables practical application to a wide range of applications.

前記の目的を達成するためになされた特許請求の範囲の請求項1に記載の高分子柔軟アクチュエータは、誘電性高分子可塑剤イオン液体とを含有するゲル状に形成された高分子柔軟アクチュエータであって、前記誘電性高分子がポリ塩化ビニルであり、ポリ塩化ビニル1〜50重量部と、前記可塑剤50〜150重量部と、前記イオン液体1〜30重量部とを含み、電極によりゲルを部分的に挟む配置として電極間に電圧を印加した際に、電極から延出する部分が折れ曲がることを特徴とする。 The polymer flexible actuator according to claim 1, which has been made to achieve the above object, is a polymer flexible actuator formed in a gel shape containing a dielectric polymer , a plasticizer, and an ionic liquid. An actuator, wherein the dielectric polymer is polyvinyl chloride, comprising 1 to 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, 50 to 150 parts by weight of the plasticizer, and 1 to 30 parts by weight of the ionic liquid; Thus, when a voltage is applied between the electrodes as an arrangement in which the gel is partially sandwiched, the portion extending from the electrodes is bent .

請求項2に記載の高分子柔軟アクチュエータは、請求項1に記載されたもので、前記イオン液体は、陽イオンと陰イオンとの組み合わせからなる塩であり、前記陽イオンが、ホスホニウムカチオンまたはアンモニウムカチオンであることを特徴とする。 The flexible polymer actuator according to claim 2 is the polymer flexible actuator according to claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid is a salt composed of a combination of a cation and an anion, and the cation is a phosphonium cation or ammonium. It is characterized by being a cation .

請求項3に記載の高分子柔軟アクチュエータは、請求項1または2に記載されたもので、前記可塑剤がアジピン酸、セバシン酸、イタコン酸フタル酸エステルのいずれか一つであることを特徴とする。 Polymeric flexible actuator according to claim 3, in which according to claim 1 or 2, the plasticizer, adipic, sebacic, itaconic acid, it is one of phthalates Features.

本発明の高分子柔軟アクチュエータは、上記課題が解決したことに加え、従来とは異なる塑性変形を示す。この高分子柔軟アクチュエータは無色透明かつ小型軽量で柔軟であり、印加電圧を反対にすることにより、ゲルの変形は初期段階へと復元する新規なゲルアクチュエータを作製可能である。   The polymer flexible actuator of the present invention exhibits plastic deformation different from the conventional one in addition to solving the above-mentioned problems. This polymer flexible actuator is colorless and transparent, small and light and flexible, and by reversing the applied voltage, a novel gel actuator that restores the gel deformation to the initial stage can be produced.

以下、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらの実施形態に限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, although embodiment of this invention is described in detail, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.

高分子柔軟アクチュエータは、誘電性高分子に電圧を印加して変形させる柔軟高分子アクチュエータにおいて、上記誘電性高分子が可塑剤およびイオン液体を含有することを特徴とするものであり、以下のようにして得られるものである。   A polymer flexible actuator is a flexible polymer actuator that deforms a dielectric polymer by applying a voltage, wherein the dielectric polymer contains a plasticizer and an ionic liquid. Is obtained.

3重量%誘電性高分子の有機溶媒溶液に、可塑剤を70〜100重量%、イオン液体を1〜10重量%加えた後、完全に溶解させる。得られた溶液をポリテトラフルオロエチレン製のシャーレ上でキャストし乾燥させると、厚さ250〜600μmのゲル状で、誘電性高分子3重量部、可塑剤70〜100重量部とイオン液体1〜10重量部とからなる高分子柔軟アクチュエータが得られる。   A plasticizer is added in an amount of 70 to 100% by weight and an ionic liquid is added in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight in an organic solvent solution of a 3% by weight dielectric polymer, followed by complete dissolution. When the obtained solution was cast on a petri dish made of polytetrafluoroethylene and dried, it was gelled with a thickness of 250 to 600 μm, 3 parts by weight of a dielectric polymer, 70 to 100 parts by weight of a plasticizer, and 1 to 1 of an ionic liquid. A polymer flexible actuator consisting of 10 parts by weight is obtained.

図1に本発明の柔軟高分子アクチュエータの作動状態の一例を示す断面模式図を挙げ説明する。本発明の実施における柔軟高分子アクチュエータは、イオン液体を含有した可塑化ポリ塩化ビニルゲル1の両面に、板状の電極2aおよび2bが接し、前記電極2aおよび2bに駆動電源3を接続し構成されている。図1(a)は、駆動電源3からゲル1へ電圧を印加していない状態、図1(b)は、駆動電源3からゲル1へ電圧を印加することにより、ゲル1が陽極方向に折れ曲がる様子を示す。   FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of the operating state of the flexible polymer actuator of the present invention. The flexible polymer actuator according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured such that plate-like electrodes 2a and 2b are in contact with both surfaces of a plasticized polyvinyl chloride gel 1 containing an ionic liquid, and a driving power source 3 is connected to the electrodes 2a and 2b. ing. 1A shows a state in which no voltage is applied from the driving power source 3 to the gel 1, and FIG. 1B shows a state in which the gel 1 is bent in the anode direction by applying a voltage from the driving power source 3 to the gel 1. Show the state.

本発明で使用するイオン液体は、常温溶融塩、イオン性液体などとも呼ばれるものであり、陽イオン(カチオン)と陰イオン(アニオン)よりなり、100℃以下で融点を持つ有機塩を指す。また、優れた熱安定性を示し、化学的、電気的にも安定である。   The ionic liquid used in the present invention is also called a room temperature molten salt, an ionic liquid, and the like, and refers to an organic salt composed of a cation (cation) and an anion (anion) and having a melting point at 100 ° C. or lower. In addition, it exhibits excellent thermal stability and is chemically and electrically stable.

本発明のイオン性液体に用いられる陽イオン(カチオン)としては、ホスホニウムカチオン、アンモニウムカチオンが挙げられる。   Examples of the cation (cation) used in the ionic liquid of the present invention include a phosphonium cation and an ammonium cation.

一方、本発明に用いられるイオン液体の陰イオン(アニオン)としては、RSO 、Cl、RCOO、などが挙げられる。本発明に用いられるイオン液体は、上記のカチオンとアニオンの組み合わせからなる塩を含むことが好ましい。 On the other hand, examples of the anion (anion) of the ionic liquid used in the present invention include RSO 3 , Cl , and RCOO . It is preferable that the ionic liquid used for this invention contains the salt which consists of a combination of said cation and an anion.

なお、誘電性高分子は、汎用性に富むポリ塩化ビニルである。   Note that the dielectric polymer is polyvinyl chloride which is highly versatile.

可塑剤には、ポリ塩化ビニルと相溶性を持つアジピン酸、セバシン酸、イタコン酸およびフタル酸エステルが挙げられる。中でも、粘着性や応答速度に優れるアジピン酸ジメチルが好ましい。   Plasticizers include adipic acid, sebacic acid, itaconic acid and phthalic acid esters that are compatible with polyvinyl chloride. Of these, dimethyl adipate, which is excellent in adhesiveness and response speed, is preferable.

有機溶媒は、ポリ塩化ビニル、可塑剤、イオン液体を溶解させたりするものであれば特に限定されないが、テトラヒドロフランのようなエーテル系溶媒が挙げられる。中でも、テトラヒドロフランが好ましい。 The organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves polyvinyl chloride, a plasticizer, and an ionic liquid, and examples thereof include ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran. Of these, tetrahydrofuran is preferred.

溶液中での可塑剤およびイオン液体濃度が低いほど、得られたゲルの初期弾性率が高く加工が容易となるため好ましいが、その濃度が前記範囲より少ないと、高い印加電圧が必要となる。   The lower the concentration of the plasticizer and the ionic liquid in the solution, the higher the initial elastic modulus of the obtained gel and the easier the processing. However, when the concentration is less than the above range, a high applied voltage is required.

溶液中での可塑剤およびイオン液体濃度が高いほど、電荷が蓄積され易くなるため低電圧で駆動するため好ましいが、その濃度が前記範囲より多いと、ゲルの初期弾性率が低下し膜が物理的に脆くなってしまう。   A higher concentration of plasticizer and ionic liquid in the solution is preferable because electric charges are more likely to accumulate, so that driving is performed at a lower voltage. However, if the concentration is higher than the above range, the initial elastic modulus of the gel is lowered and the membrane is physically removed. It becomes very brittle.

溶液中での可塑剤濃度が70〜100重量%、イオン液体濃度が約5重量%であると、得られた高分子柔軟アクチュエータは、低電場での駆動が可能であり。粘着性も良く、柔軟かつ加工も容易のため、特に好ましい。   When the plasticizer concentration in the solution is 70 to 100% by weight and the ionic liquid concentration is about 5% by weight, the obtained polymer flexible actuator can be driven with a low electric field. It is particularly preferable because it has good adhesiveness, is flexible and easy to process.

本発明を適用する高分子柔軟アクチュエータを試作した例を実施例1、2に示す。本発明を適用外の例を比較例1に示す。また実施例および比較例の高分子柔軟アクチュエータの物性を調べた。
(実施例1)
Examples 1 and 2 show examples of prototype polymer flexible actuators to which the present invention is applied. An example in which the present invention is not applied is shown in Comparative Example 1. In addition, physical properties of the polymer flexible actuators of Examples and Comparative Examples were examined.
Example 1

ポリ塩化ビニルを10重量部、アジピン酸ジブチルを85重量部、トリヘキシル(テトラデシル)ホスホニウム メタンスルホン酸を5重量部、をテトラヒドロフランに溶解させて、十分に撹拌し完全に溶解させた。得られた溶液をトリテトラフルオロエチレン製シャーレ上に約5日キャストしてテトラヒドロフランを蒸発させ、高分子柔軟アクチュエータとして厚さ約400μmのIL含有可塑化PVCゲルを作製した。
(実施例2)
10 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, 85 parts by weight of dibutyl adipate, and 5 parts by weight of trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium methanesulfonic acid were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and thoroughly stirred to completely dissolve them. The obtained solution was cast on a petri dish made of tritetrafluoroethylene for about 5 days to evaporate tetrahydrofuran, and an IL-containing plasticized PVC gel having a thickness of about 400 μm was produced as a polymer flexible actuator.
(Example 2)

ポリ塩化ビニルを10重量部、アジピン酸ジブチルを88重量部、トリヘキシル(テトラデシル)ホスホニウム メタンスルホン酸を2重量部とし、実施例1と同様の方法で、高分子柔軟アクチュエータとして、イオン液体含有可塑化ポリ塩化ビニルゲルを作製した。
(比較例1)
10 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, 88 parts by weight of dibutyl adipate, and 2 parts by weight of trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium methanesulfonic acid were used in the same manner as in Example 1 as a polymer flexible actuator, and the ionic liquid-containing plasticization A polyvinyl chloride gel was prepared.
(Comparative Example 1)

ポリ塩化ビニルを10重量部、アジピン酸ジブチルを90重量部とし、実施例1と同様の方法で、高分子柔軟アクチュエータとしてイオン液体非含有可塑化ポリ塩化ビニルゲルを作製した。
(柔軟高分子アクチュエータの電圧に対する応答性の評価)
10 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride and 90 parts by weight of dibutyl adipate were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a plasticized polyvinyl chloride gel containing no ionic liquid as a polymer flexible actuator.
(Evaluation of voltage response of flexible polymer actuator)

実施例1および比較例1で得られたゲルを縦10mm×横5mmに切り出した。アルミニウム電極に挟み、空気中で電圧を印加し、レーザー変位計を用いて、ゲルの先端変位量を測定した。   The gels obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were cut into 10 mm length × 5 mm width. The electrode was sandwiched between aluminum electrodes, a voltage was applied in air, and the amount of tip displacement of the gel was measured using a laser displacement meter.

得られた柔軟高分子アクチュエータに、正方向の電圧を印加したときの変位量を図2に示す。   FIG. 2 shows the amount of displacement when a positive voltage is applied to the obtained flexible polymer actuator.

電圧印加時の実施例2の挙動を確認したところ、電圧印加停止後も変形を保持することが確認された。
(柔軟高分子アクチュエータの逆電圧に対する応答性の評価)
When the behavior of Example 2 at the time of voltage application was confirmed, it was confirmed that the deformation was maintained even after the voltage application was stopped.
(Evaluation of response to reverse voltage of flexible polymer actuator)

実施例2で得られたゲルを同様の条件で正方向の電圧を印加した後、電圧印加方向を反対にし、電圧を印加したときの高分子柔軟アクチュエータの挙動(変位量)を図3に示す。 FIG. 3 shows the behavior (displacement amount) of the polymer flexible actuator when a voltage in the positive direction is applied to the gel obtained in Example 2 under the same conditions, the voltage application direction is reversed, and the voltage is applied. .

本発明の高分子柔軟アクチュエータのみならずキャパシタ、スイッチング器、センサー等のエレクトロデバイスとして有用である。また、繊維状にして電場駆動する衣料にすることもできる。   It is useful not only as a polymer flexible actuator of the present invention but also as an electronic device such as a capacitor, a switching device and a sensor. Moreover, it can also be set as the clothes which make it fibrous form and drive an electric field.

また、この高分子柔軟アクチュエータは、人工筋肉として有用である。   The polymer flexible actuator is useful as an artificial muscle.

本発明を適用する柔軟高分子アクチュエータの作動状態の一例を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows an example of the operation state of the flexible polymer actuator to which this invention is applied. 本発明を適用する実施例1の柔軟高分子アクチュエータの経過時間あたりの変位量を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the displacement amount per elapsed time of the flexible polymer actuator of Example 1 to which this invention is applied. 同じく実施例2の柔軟高分子アクチュエータの経過時間あたりの変位量を示すグラフである。It is a graph which similarly shows the displacement amount per elapsed time of the flexible polymer actuator of Example 2.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1はイオン液体含有可塑化ポリ塩化ビニルゲル、2aおよび2bは電極、3は駆動電源である。



1 is an ionic liquid-containing plasticized polyvinyl chloride gel, 2a and 2b are electrodes, and 3 is a driving power source.



Claims (3)

誘電性高分子可塑剤イオン液体とを含有するゲル状に形成された高分子柔軟アクチュエータであって、
前記誘電性高分子がポリ塩化ビニルであり、ポリ塩化ビニル1〜50重量部と、前記可塑剤50〜150重量部と、前記イオン液体1〜30重量部とを含み、
電極によりゲルを部分的に挟む配置として電極間に電圧を印加した際に、電極から延出する部分が折れ曲がることを特徴とする高分子柔軟アクチュエータ。
A polymer flexible actuator formed in a gel shape containing a dielectric polymer , a plasticizer, and an ionic liquid ,
The dielectric polymer is polyvinyl chloride, and includes 1 to 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, 50 to 150 parts by weight of the plasticizer, and 1 to 30 parts by weight of the ionic liquid,
A flexible polymer actuator characterized in that a portion extending from an electrode is bent when a voltage is applied between the electrodes so that the gel is partially sandwiched between the electrodes .
前記イオン液体は、陽イオンと陰イオンとの組み合わせからなる塩であり、
前記陽イオンが、ホスホニウムカチオンまたはアンモニウムカチオンであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子柔軟アクチュエータ。
The ionic liquid is a salt composed of a combination of a cation and an anion,
The polymer flexible actuator according to claim 1, wherein the cation is a phosphonium cation or an ammonium cation .
前記可塑剤がアジピン酸、セバシン酸、イタコン酸フタル酸エステルのいずれか一つであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の高分子柔軟アクチュエータ。 The plasticizer is, adipic acid, sebacic acid, itaconic acid, polymeric flexible actuator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that any one of phthalic acid ester.
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