JP5379037B2 - Slot machining method, drilling device and program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of efficiently making a long hole, a drilling device, and a program. <P>SOLUTION: First, two or more holes 31 are bored on a workpiece (a first step shown in Fig. 2(a)), and then the holes are bored so that part of them overlap the adjacent bored holes 31 and 32 (a second step shown in Figs. 2(b)-(d)). At this time, if a pitch P between the holes 32 and 35 to be bored and the adjacent hole is larger than a predetermined distance, the hole 32 is bored at a standard long hole cutting speed slower than that during the fist step (Figs. 2(b) and (c)), and when the pitch P gets smaller than the predetermined distance, the hole 35 is bored at a fast cutting speed higher than the standard long hole cutting speed (Fig. 2(d)), so as to improve the surface finish accuracy of the long hole 30. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a long hole machining method, a drilling device, and a program for machining a long hole in a workpiece such as a printed circuit board, and more particularly to a long hole machining method, a drilling device, and a program for a workpiece using a drill.

  In general, as a method of processing a long hole in a printed circuit board or the like, a method is known in which a plurality of holes are continuously drilled by a drill and one long hole is formed by the plurality of holes. The reason for processing the long hole by such a method is not to mention the trouble of replacing the printed circuit board in the router machine, but in the case of a high-speed rotating spindle of 100 krpm or more that has recently been put to practical use for small-diameter drills, This is because it is generally weak against a lateral load and it is difficult to change the drill to a router bit for processing.

  However, when forming a long hole by drilling a plurality of holes in this way, it is necessary to drill the next hole in a form that partially overlaps the already drilled hole. As a result, the drill bent and broke or caused a bent hole.

  Therefore, conventionally, by drilling holes sequentially with a pitch larger than the drill diameter, and then drilling holes at the same pitch with reference to the midpoint between these drilled holes, the effect of the drilled holes can be reduced. A long hole machining method has been devised to minimize the number of holes (see Patent Document 1).

  Thus, when holes are drilled at a pitch equal to or greater than the drill diameter, the number of holes that partially overlap with holes that have already been drilled decreases, and some of these holes overlap with holes that have already been drilled. Even in the case of machining a hole, it is possible to reduce the deviation in cutting resistance applied to the drill.

JP-A-2-232108

  On the other hand, in the case of holes that do not overlap with other holes, holes that partially overlap with the drilled holes and that may cause the drill to bend greatly, and holes that improve the surface accuracy of long holes, However, in the long hole machining method described in Patent Document 1, all holes are machined under the same machining conditions.

  Then, since the breakage rate of the drill and the number of bent holes are linear with respect to the hole cutting speed (the feed speed in the Z-axis direction of the drill), the drill can bend at the cutting speed. It is necessary to set it to a lower speed side than when drilling a normal through hole to match a hole with high performance, and it is not always necessary to drill at a low cutting speed in long hole drilling that drills many holes. Since holes that are not present are drilled at a low cutting speed, there is a problem in that machining efficiency decreases.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a long hole machining method, a drilling device, and a program capable of improving the machining efficiency while maintaining the quality of the long hole by changing the cutting speed according to the hole to be drilled. The purpose is to provide.

In the present invention, a plurality of holes (31, 32, 35) are formed in a workpiece (W) by a drill (15), and the diameter (D) of the drill (15) is formed by the plurality of holes (31, 32, 35). In the long hole processing method for forming a long hole (30) longer than
A first step of drilling at least two or more holes (31) in the workpiece (W) (for example, step of FIG. 2 (a));
A hole (32) is formed so that a part of the adjacent hole is partially overlapped with a bisector between adjacent holes (for example, hole 31a and hole 31c or hole 31a and hole 32). , 35), and a second step (for example, steps (b) to (d) in FIG. 2) for processing between the holes drilled in the first step,
The second step includes a newly drilled hole (for example, the hole 32 or the hole 35), and the adjacent hole (for example, the hole 31a and the hole 31c, or the hole 31a and the hole 32). If the distance (P) between the center points is larger than a predetermined distance (reference pitch), a long hole standard cutting speed that is slower than a cutting speed when drilling a hole that does not overlap with another hole is formed, If the distance between the center points of a newly drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole is equal to or less than the predetermined distance, drilling is performed at a cutting speed faster than the long hole standard cutting speed. It is characterized by.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that the predetermined distance is changed by the length (L) of the elongated hole (30).

  Specifically, when the length (L) of the long hole (30) is at least twice the diameter (D) of the drill (15), the first step does not overlap with the other holes. A plurality of holes are formed so as not to overlap each other at the cutting speed at the time of drilling the holes.

  Specifically, when the length (L) of the long hole (30) is less than twice the diameter (D) of the drill (15), the first step is to start the long hole (30). After drilling the start end hole (31a) at the cutting speed at the time of drilling the hole that does not overlap the other holes, the end hole (31b) is formed at the end opposite to the start end portion. Drilled at the standard cutting speed for long holes.

  Specifically, when the length (L) of the long hole (30) is at least twice the diameter (D) of the drill (15), the predetermined distance is the diameter of the drill (15) D 0.4D.

  Specifically, when the length (L) of the long hole (30) is less than twice the diameter of the drill (15), the predetermined distance is 0.25D, where D is the diameter of the drill.

  Moreover, this invention has a control part (21) which performs the long hole processing method mentioned above, It exists in the drilling apparatus (100) characterized by the above-mentioned.

  Furthermore, the present invention resides in a program characterized by causing the control unit (21) of the drilling device (100) to execute the long hole machining method described above.

In the present invention, a plurality of holes (31, 32, 35) are drilled in the workpiece (W) by a drill (15), and the diameter of the drill (15) is formed by the plurality of holes (31, 32, 35). In the long hole processing method for forming a long hole longer than twice (D),
A first high-speed drilling step of drilling a plurality of holes so as not to overlap the workpiece (W);
With a long hole standard cutting speed that is slower than the cutting speed of the first step, a hole is formed so as to partially overlap adjacent holes (for example, hole 31a and hole 31c or hole 31a and hole 32). A long hole standard drilling process for drilling (32, 35);
At a high speed cutting speed faster than the long hole standard cutting speed in the long hole standard drilling process so that a part of the holes drills adjacent to each other (for example, the holes 31a and 31c or the holes 31a and 32). A second high-speed drilling step of drilling the holes (32, 35),
The long hole standard drilling step is performed between the center points of the hole (32) drilled by the long hole standard drilling step and the holes (for example, the hole 31a and the hole 31c) adjacent to the hole. Is activated when the distance is greater than the predetermined distance,
In the second high-speed drilling step, the distance between the hole (35) drilled by the second high-speed drilling step and the hole drilled adjacent to the hole (for example, the hole 31a and the hole 32) is It is activated when the distance is smaller than the predetermined distance.

In the present invention, a plurality of holes (31, 32, 35) are drilled in the workpiece (W) by a drill (15), and the diameter of the drill (15) is formed by the plurality of holes (31, 32, 35). In the long hole processing method for forming a long hole having a length not more than twice that of (D),
A starting end hole step of drilling a starting end hole (31a) in the starting end of the elongated hole (30);
A termination hole step of drilling a termination hole (31b) at the end opposite to the beginning end portion at a long hole standard cutting speed slower than the starting end hole step;
An intermediate hole step of forming an intermediate hole (32, 35) partially overlapping the start end hole (31a) and the end hole (31b),
In the intermediate hole process, the distance between the center points of the holes (32, 35) drilled by the intermediate hole process and the holes (for example, the hole 31a and the hole 32) adjacent to the holes (32, 35). Is longer than a predetermined distance, the holes (32, 35) drilled at the standard cutting speed of the long hole and the holes drilled by the intermediate hole process and the holes adjacent to the holes (for example, the holes 31a and 32) When the distance between the center points is smaller than the predetermined distance, drilling is performed at a high speed cutting speed higher than the long hole standard cutting speed.

  In addition, although the code | symbol etc. in a parenthesis is for contrast with drawing, it does not have any influence on a claim by this.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the second step of the long hole processing for drilling a large number of holes, when the holes are drilled, the newly drilled holes and the newly drilled holes are formed. Depending on whether the distance between the center points of the holes adjacent to the hole is less than or equal to the predetermined distance, it is determined whether the drill is a hole that is likely to bend significantly or a hole that is unlikely to be bent greatly. For drill holes that are unlikely to bend greatly, drilling at a higher cutting speed than the standard cutting speed of the long hole improves the processing efficiency while maintaining the processing quality of the long hole. Can do.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, by changing the value of the predetermined distance as a reference for switching the cutting speed of the hole based on the length of the long hole, the length can be adjusted under the optimum processing conditions according to the length of the long hole. A hole can be drilled.

  According to the invention of claim 3, when the length of the long hole is twice or more the diameter of the drill, the first step is a step of drilling holes so as not to overlap each other. Further, it is possible to increase the number of holes that do not overlap with other holes that can be drilled at a cutting speed faster than the long hole standard cutting speed, and to improve the machining efficiency.

  According to the invention according to claim 4, when the length of the long hole is less than twice the diameter of the drill, in the first step, the terminal hole overlapping the start hole is a standard long hole long cutting speed. By drilling, it is possible to prevent the drill from being broken or generating a bent hole.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, when the length of a long hole is 2 times or more of a drill diameter, the predetermined distance which is a reference | standard reference | standard which switches the cutting speed of a hole was made into 0.4 times the drill diameter. The long hole can be drilled under optimum processing conditions according to the length of the long hole.

  According to the invention of claim 6, when the length of the long hole is less than twice the drill diameter, the predetermined distance that is the reference standard for switching the cutting speed of the hole is set to 0.25 times the drill diameter. The long hole can be drilled under optimum processing conditions according to the length of the long hole.

The perspective view of the drilling apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (A)-(d) Process drawing which shows the long hole processing method in case the length of a long hole is 2 times or more of the width | variety. (A)-(c) Process drawing which shows the long hole processing method in case the length of a long hole is larger than 1.5 times the width and less than 2 times. (A)-(b) Process drawing which shows the long hole processing method in case the length of a long hole is 1.5 times or less of the width.

  Hereinafter, a work long hole machining method and a drilling apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[Configuration of drilling device]
As shown in FIG. 1, the drilling device 100 has a bed 4 as a fixing member placed on the floor surface, and a longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction) of the bed 4 by a motor 3. A processing table 1 configured to be movable in a direction orthogonal to (X-axis direction) is provided, and a printed circuit board (workpiece) W is placed on the processing table 1.

  A cross rail 5 is fixed to the bed 4 so as to straddle the processing table 1, and a guide 6 is provided on the front surface of the cross rail 5. A cross slide 7 is attached to the guide 6, and the cross slide 7 is configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction along the guide 6 by a motor 8.

  A guide 10 is provided in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) on the front surface of the cross slide 7, and a base 11 is supported on the guide 10. The base 11 is configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction by a motor 12, and a spindle 14 that holds a drill 15 rotatably is attached to the base 11.

  The motor 3 that moves the machining table 1 in the X-axis direction, the motor 8 that moves the cross slide 7 in the Y-axis direction, the motor 12 that moves the base 11 in the Z-axis direction, and the spindle 14 that rotates the drill 15 are These are connected to the control unit 21 and controlled according to the machining program stored by the control unit 21.

  When drilling the through-hole, the control unit 21 first drives the motor 3 to move the processing table 1 to determine the position of the printed board W in the X-axis direction, and then moves the cross slide 7 in the Y-axis direction. The axis of the drill 15 is positioned at the center of the hole to be machined. Next, the control unit 21 rotates the drill 15 at a predetermined rotation speed by the spindle 14 and moves the drill 15 at the predetermined cutting speed in the Z-axis direction by the motor 12 to be held on the mounting surface of the processing table 1. A hole is made in the printed board W.

[Long hole processing method]
Next, a method of drilling a plurality of holes in a work with a drill and forming the long holes 30 with the plurality of holes will be described. The long hole 30 is a hole having an overall length (length) L longer than its width D. In addition, since the long hole 30 is drilled by the drill 15 having the same diameter as the width D, in the following description, the diameter of the drill 15 and the width of the long hole 30 are used in the same meaning and adjacent to each other. A hole (adjacent perforated hole) refers to a hole having the closest distance between the center points on each side in the longitudinal direction of the long hole 30 (for example, referring to FIG. For the hole 31c, the holes 31a and 31b are adjacent to each other).

When drilling the long hole 30, the drilling device 100 needs to drill a large number of holes.
State 1: A hole 31 that can be drilled without overlapping with a hole that has already been drilled, and can be drilled at a high cutting speed (same cutting speed as a normal through hole). ,
State 2: A hole 32 that is drilled between the holes that have been drilled, and a part of the hole 32 overlaps with the holes that have already been drilled, so that the drill 15 may bend greatly depending on conditions.
State 3: Although it is the hole 35 drilled between the holes drilled in the same manner as in the state 2, the area to be drilled is small, it is a finishing process that can be simply struck, and is applied to the drill 15 A state where a hole can be drilled at a high cutting speed because the load is small,
It can be roughly divided into the following three states.

Here, the height h of the protruding portion (mountain portion) 33 remaining between adjacent holes drilled so as to overlap, and the distance Q between the center points of these adjacent holes (between O ₁ and O ₂ ). And the relationship with the drill diameter D is represented by the following formula | equation (1).

  In the case where the length L of the long hole is 2D or more (see FIG. 2), the present invention is in the above-described state 1 when the hole to be drilled does not overlap with another hole that has already been drilled (for example, the hole 31). If the height h of the protrusion 33 between the adjacent drilled holes exceeds D / 5, it is state 2 (for example, The hole 32), when the height h of the protrusion 33 between these adjacent holes was D / 5 or less, it was found that it can be determined as state 3 (for example, hole 35) It is because.

  When this is expressed by the distance Q between the center points of the drilled holes, state 1 when 2D ≦ Q, state 2 when 0.8D <Q <2D, and state 3 when Q ≦ 0.8D That's what it means.

  Here, when a hole is newly drilled between adjacent holes (for example, the hole 32 or the hole 35), the hole is drilled at a bisection point between the drilled holes. Therefore, the pitch P, which is the distance between the center points of the newly drilled holes and the adjacent drilled holes, is one half of the distance Q between the adjacent drilled holes. . Then, the determination conditions are state 1 when D ≦ P, state 2 when 0.4D <P <D, and state 3 when P ≦ 0.4D. As described above, when the pitch P is used, it is possible to express a determination condition including a case where there is a hole that has been drilled only on one side or a case where holes do not overlap. The determination may be performed in combination with the two parameters (h, Q). (For example, until the newly drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole overlap (D ≦ P), the high speed cutting speed is determined, and after the overlap, the height h of the projection 33 between the holes is determined. etc.)

  Further, in the present invention, when the length L of the long hole is less than 2D (see FIGS. 3 and 4), the first hole 31a is in the state 1 and the terminal hole 31b is in the state 2 when the third hole is formed. For the holes after the eye, if the height h of the protrusion 33 between adjacent holes exceeds 0.67D, state 2 (for example, the hole 32 in FIG. 3), the height h of the protrusion 33 is This is because the knowledge that it can be determined that the state is 0.67D or less is in state 3 (for example, the hole 35 in FIGS. 3 and 4). In this case, the holes after the fourth hole are always in the state 3.

  When this is expressed by the distance Q between adjacent holes, the state after the third hole is state 2 when 0.5D <Q (<D), and state 3 when Q ≦ 0.5D. That's what it means.

Here, when the judgment condition is expressed by a pitch P that is a distance between the center points of a newly drilled hole (for example, the hole 32 or the hole 35) and the adjacent drilled hole, For holes and beyond, 0.25D <P
In the case of (<0.5D), the state is 2, and in the case of P ≦ 0.25D, the state is 3.

  As described above, in the case where the length L of the long hole is less than 2D, the criteria for determining the height of the protrusion 33 is set stricter than in the case where the length L of the long hole is 2D or more. When the length L is less than 2D, the shape of the elongated hole is liable to be collapsed due to the positional deviation of the start end hole and the end end hole, so that the drill is easily bent.

  The surface accuracy of the long hole 30 is determined by the final height h of the protrusion 33 remaining between the holes or the distance Q between the center points of the holes finally drilled.

  The processing method of the long hole 30 according to the present embodiment changes the cutting speed by distributing the holes to be drilled into these states 1 to 3 based on the above knowledge. When a machining command is received, the setting of the cutting speed is first determined based on the operator's setting operation, drill diameter (drill diameter) D data, or input printed board data (material, number of sheets). That is, increase / decrease between the high speed cutting speed for drilling the holes 31 and 35 in the state 1 and the state 3 and the standard cutting speed for the long hole for drilling the hole in the state 2 set slower than the high speed cutting speed. Determine the rate.

  Next, the control unit 21 determines the order and number of hole processing based on the shape (width D and total length L) of the long hole 30 and the surface accuracy of the long hole 30 preset by the operator, When the hole processing order is determined, the hole processing conditions are divided according to the total length L of the long hole 30. This case is roughly divided into whether the total length L of the long hole 30 is more than twice the width (drill diameter) D (L ≧ 2D) or less (L <2D). A predetermined distance for switching the cutting speed to 3 (hereinafter referred to as “reference pitch” with respect to the pitch P) is determined. Based on this reference pitch, the control unit 21 determines the cutting speed of each hole to be drilled, and starts actual machining of the long hole 30 in accordance with this machining condition.

  Specifically, the control unit 21 first sets the long hole standard cutting speed to 0.5 m / min to 0.7 m / min, and sets the high speed cutting speed to twice the long hole standard cutting speed regardless of the drill diameter ( When the first mode is 1.0 m / min to 1.4 m / min) and the drill diameter is 1.0 to 2.0 mm, it is 3 times the standard long hole cutting speed (1.5 m / min to 2.1 m). / Min), when the drill diameter is φ3.0 mm to 4.0 mm, twice the standard cutting speed of the long hole (1.0 m / min to 1.4 m / min), a second mode that is changed according to the drill diameter, Choose from.

Next, the control unit 21 sets the hole processing sequence, for example, by first drilling holes 31 a (starting hole) and 31 b (terminal hole) at both ends of the elongated hole 30, and then at both ends of these elongated holes 30. When the distance Q between the center points of the drilled holes (between O ₁ and O ₂ ) is more than twice the diameter D of the drill 15 (Q ≧ 2D), the holes drilled at both ends Hole 31c is drilled so as not to overlap between 31a and 31b (first step), and when the distance Q between the center points of adjacent holes is less than twice the diameter D of the drill (Q <2D) Since a part of the holes to be drilled in the adjacent holes starts to overlap, the holes 32 are sequentially formed at the bisector between the center points of the adjacent holes until the surface accuracy set in advance by the operator is obtained. .., 35... Are set to be drilled (second step), and the number of holes to be drilled when the slot 30 is drilled is calculated.

[Machining process for long holes]
Next, the actual machining process of the long hole 30 will be described by dividing into cases according to the total length L of the long hole 30.

[When L ≧ 2D]
2A to 2D show a case where L ≧ 2D, more specifically a case where L / D = 4.75.

As shown in FIG. 2A, when the total length L of the long hole 30 is twice or more the drill diameter (width of the long hole) D (L ≧ 2D), first, holes 31a, with 31b are bored at a fast cutting speed, drilled these drilled at both ends to holes 31a, the central point _O 1, holes 31c to bisector point _{O 3} of between _{O 2} and 31b is at a high speed cutting speed Is done. The distance between the drilled holes when Q (for example, the center point O _1, between the center point O ₃₎ is in two or more times the drill diameter D is puncture further bisector point between adjacent holes Since the hole to be provided is the hole in the state 1 described above, the hole is formed at a high cutting speed (first step). Here, when the pitch P that is the distance between the center points of the hole to be drilled and the nearest hole that has been drilled is used, this determination condition is P ≧ D.

  In this first step, when the total length L of the long hole 30 exceeds 4D or the distance Q between the center points of adjacent holes exceeds 3D, the processing is performed on the bisector instead of the bisector. You can go.

  In this case, the hole processing order may be 31a, 31c, 31b instead of 31a, 31b, 31c.

The distance between the drilled holes (for example, between the center point O ₁ and the center point O ₃ ) Q is less than twice the drill diameter D, so that the holes are not overlapped with other holes. If can not bored, as shown in FIG. 2 (b) and (c), 2 halves point between the center points of these drilled holes (e.g., the center of the center point O ₁ and the hole 31c of the hole 31a bisector point _{O 4} and between points _{O 3,} to _{O 5)} bisector point between the center point _{O 2} of the center point _{O 3} and the hole 31b of the hole 31c, these adjacent holes 31a, 31b , 31c and a part of the circumference overlap with the hole 32 (second step).

  Here, it is not preferable that the drilling position is not divided into two equal points between the center points of the adjacent holes because the bending of the drill 15 is likely to occur.

  At this time, in the hole 32, the distance between the center points of the drilled holes (the distance between the center points of the adjacent holes 31a, 31b, 31c) Q is twice larger than 0.8 times the drill diameter D. Is less than (0.8D <Q <2D), and it is determined that the drill 20 is likely to bend in the control unit 21 (hole in state 2). The Here, when the pitch P that is the distance between the center points of the drilled holes and the adjacent drilled holes is used, since P is half of Q, 0.4D <P <D. It turns out that. In this case, the reference pitch is set to 0.4D.

  In the case of FIG. 2B, P = 0.94, and in the case of FIG. 2C, P = 0.47, and both are 0.4D <P <D. It will be processed at the standard cutting speed of long holes.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2D, the pitch P of the holes 35 to be drilled (for example, the distance between the center points O ₁ and O ₆ , the distance between the center points O ₆ and O ₄ , etc.) ) Is 0.4 times or less of the drill diameter D (P ≦ 0.4D), the control unit 21 is a hole for finishing (the hole in the state 3) for making the long hole 30 a predetermined surface accuracy. Therefore, the cutting speed is switched from the long hole standard cutting speed to the high speed cutting speed, and the holes 31, 32, 35 drilled until the long hole 30 reaches a predetermined surface accuracy at this high speed cutting speed. A hole is drilled at an equally divided point (for example, O ₆ ) (second step).

  Here, the surface accuracy of the hole wall surface is improved by setting the drilling position to a bisection point between the center points of adjacent holes.

  Thus, when the total length L of the long hole 30 is twice or more the drill diameter (long hole width) D (L ≧ 2D), the long hole processing method does not overlap the workpiece 31 with the workpiece W at a high cutting speed. The first high-speed cutting step (see FIG. 2A) and the hole 32 in the state 2 are drilled at the standard cutting speed of the long hole so as to partially overlap the adjacent drilled hole. The hole 35 in the state 3 is drilled at a high speed cutting speed so that a part of the long hole standard cutting process (see FIGS. 2B and 2C) and the adjacent drilled hole partially overlap. And a second high-speed cutting process (see FIG. 2D) that finishes the surface accuracy of the long hole 30, and the standard pitch of the long hole is higher than 0.4 times the drill diameter D. It operates when it is larger than 1 time (0.4D <P <D), and the second high-speed cutting process is performed when the reference pitch is 0.4 times less than the drill diameter D. It operates (0.4 ≦ D).

[In the case of 1.5D <L <2D]
When the total length L of the hole 30 is less than twice the drill diameter (the width of the long hole) D (L <2D), the reference pitch is set to 0.25D, but in this case, without using the reference pitch, The case can be classified as follows using the length L of the long hole.

  As shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, when the total length L of the long hole 30 is less than twice the drill diameter (width of the long hole) D and larger than 1.5 times (1.5D <L Regarding <2D), first, holes 31 a and 31 b are formed in both end portions of the long hole 30. However, since the length of the long hole 30 is less than twice the diameter of the drill D, the hole 31a, 31b drilled at the end of the long hole 30 is first drilled at the start end of the long hole 30. Since the start end hole 31a does not overlap any hole, it is drilled as a hole in state 1 at a high cutting speed (start end hole process), but is drilled at the end opposite to the start end. Since the end hole 31b overlaps a part of the circumference with the start end hole 31a, the drill 15 is drilled at the standard cutting speed of the long hole as the hole (the hole in the state 2) having a high possibility of bending (the end hole). Hole process) (the first process).

  Next, a third hole is drilled at the bisection point of the holes 31a and 31b drilled at the ends of the elongated holes 30, but the center point between the drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole Since the distance P is less than 0.5 times the drill diameter D and greater than 0.25 times (0.25D <P <0.5D), there is a possibility that the drill 15 may bend (the hole in the state 2). It is discriminated and drilled at the long hole standard cutting speed (first intermediate hole process).

  And since the hole after the 4th hole (intermediate hole) drilled at the bisection point between the center points of the start end hole 31a and the third hole always satisfies P ≦ 0.25D (state 3). As the finishing process, drilling is performed at a high-speed cutting speed at a bisection point between the drilled holes until a predetermined surface accuracy is reached (second intermediate hole process) (the second process described above) ).

[When L ≦ 1.5D]
As shown in FIGS. 4A to 4B, when the total length L of the long hole 30 is 1.5 times or less the drill diameter (width of the long hole) D (L ≦ 1.5D), after the end hole process Since the pitch P of the drilled holes 31a and 31b is always less than or equal to the set reference pitch 0.25D (P ≦ 0.25D), it is determined that the machining is finished (hole in state 3), and high-speed cutting is performed. The third hole can be drilled at a speed (first intermediate hole process). Thereafter, an intermediate hole that partially overlaps the start end hole 31a and the end hole 31b is formed at the bisection point between the holes formed until the long hole 30 reaches a predetermined surface accuracy at a high cutting speed. Go (second intermediate hole step) (the second step). That is, in this case, the machining using the long hole standard cutting speed can be performed only once (only when the terminal hole 31b is formed).

  As described above, when drilling the long holes 30, many holes can be drilled at a high cutting speed by processing the holes in the state 3 occupying a large number of holes. Processing efficiency can be improved. That is, in the processing method of the long hole 30 according to the present embodiment, at least two or more holes are formed in the first high-speed cutting process when L ≧ 2D, and the start-end hole process when L <2D. In the end hole process, the workpiece W was drilled (first process), and when the long hole 30 was drilled between the holes drilled in the first process, the number was overwhelming. Processing is performed while distinguishing the hole in state 2 and the hole in state 3.

  In addition, for the hole in state 2 (the hole where the drill is highly likely to bend), drilling at the standard cutting speed of the long hole, and between the center point of the adjacent holes of the hole in state 2 and the hole in state 3 In combination with drilling at the bisection point, the difference in cutting resistance between the left and right of the drill 15 is reduced to reduce the influence of the already drilled hole and prevent the drill from bending greatly. be able to. And since it can prevent that a drill breaks and generation | occurrence | production of a curved hole can also be suppressed, the quality of the long hole 30 can also be maintained.

  Further, when the reference pitch is changed in accordance with the total length L of the long hole 30 and when the total length L of the long hole 30 is less than or equal to twice the drill diameter D, the end hole 31b is the hole in the state 2 and the standard cutting speed of the long hole In combination with the drilling of the hole, the processing conditions can be optimized in accordance with the shape of the long hole 30.

  In addition, if the state of the holes is determined based on the reference pitch in this way, the drilling speed of each hole can be determined if only the order of drilling holes is determined. The processing efficiency of the long hole 30 can be improved.

  Further, in the step of drilling the holes in the state 1 (the step of drilling at least two or more holes), it is sufficient that the pitch P of the holes is larger than the drill diameter D. If the distance Q between the center points of the holes 31a and 31b is large, a hole may be drilled at a bisector instead of a bisector, and these halves and bisectors are woven. You may mix and make an optimal pitch. Further, the long holes 30 may be drilled at a predetermined pitch larger than the diameter D of the drill 15 from one end of the long hole 30 toward the other end.

  In addition, for example, when the length of the long hole 30 is long, it is not always necessary to process the entire length of the long hole 30 at one time. Then, the remaining part may be processed.

  Furthermore, since the cutting speed for drilling the holes in states 1 and 3 only needs to be faster than the standard long hole speed for cutting the holes in state 2, the cutting speed for drilling the holes in state 1 and the holes in state 3 It is not always necessary to set the cutting speed to the same cutting speed, and it may be different.

  When using the height h of the protrusion 33 as a reference, 0.4D <P <D is converted to 1 / 5D <h <1 / 2D, and P ≦ 0.4D is h ≦ 1 / 5D. Converted to Further, P ≦ 0.25D is converted to about h ≦ 0.067D.

[Example]
Next, description will be given of a processing example in which the long hole processing method according to the present invention is actually applied.

[Example 1]
When processing the printed circuit board W, the drill 15 uses a drill having a diameter (drill diameter) of φ1.0 mm, and the printed circuit board W is used by stacking three 1.6 mm thick FR-4 substrates. . In addition, an aluminum plate having a thickness of 0.15 mm was used for the upper plate, and a number 80 of long holes (D = 1.0 mm, L = 5.0 mm) was formed. Further, the machining conditions were a long hole standard cutting speed of 0.7 m / min, a high speed cutting speed and a normal through hole cutting speed of 2.1 m / min, which is three times the long hole standard cutting speed. The spindle 14 of the apparatus used was for 160 krpm, and this processing was performed at 60 krpm. The machining apparatus used is a conventional machining apparatus such as that described with reference to FIG. 1, with a program for controlling the machining method according to the present invention described above.

  In order to reduce the surface accuracy (h / Q) of the wall surface of such a long hole to 0.4% or less, 33 holes are conventionally required for each long hole. In the processing method of the long hole 30 to which the present invention is applied, there are 33 holes per long hole. From the first hole (starting hole) to the fifth hole, P ≧ 1 mm ≧ D. The high speed cutting speed is used. From the 6th hole to the 9th hole, 0.4D <P = 0.5 mm <D. From the first to the 33rd hole, P ≦ 0.25 mm ≦ 0.4D, so the high speed cutting speed is used as the hole in state 3. Therefore, in order to machine 80 long holes, 320 holes (4 holes / long hole) drilled at the standard cutting speed of the long holes and 2320 holes (29 holes / long hole) drilled at the high cutting speed. The processing time was 13 minutes. The surface accuracy (h / Q) in this example is 0.4%.

[Comparative Example 1]
On the other hand, when all the long holes 30 are drilled at the standard long slot cutting speed (conventional conditions), the number of holes drilled at the standard long slot cutting speed is 2640 holes (33 holes / long slot), and the processing time is 28 minutes.

  Thus, it can be seen that, among the 33 holes necessary for drilling one long hole 30, only 4 holes need not be processed at the standard speed of the long hole in the method to which the present invention is applied. The processing efficiency (production efficiency) could also be improved by 115 percent (= 28 minutes / 13 minutes-1). From this, by analyzing the drilling sequence and hole spacing, dividing into drilling that can be processed at high speed and drilling that requires low-speed processing, by performing processing at a preset cutting speed for each, It turns out that the processing efficiency of the long hole 30 can be improved without impairing hole quality.

[Example 2]
The long hole 30 described in Example 1 is used for all of the first hole (starting hole) to the ninth hole, the long hole standard cutting speed is used, and the remaining 10th hole to the last 33rd hole. Was processed using a high cutting speed. Therefore, in order to machine 80 long holes, 720 holes (9 holes / long holes) drilled at the standard cutting speed of long holes and 1920 holes (24 holes / long hole) drilled at high cutting speeds. The processing time was 16 minutes. Thus, in this case as well, the processing efficiency is improved by 75%.

[Example 3]
As the drill 15, a drill having a diameter (drill diameter) φ of 1.0 mm was used, and the printed board W was used by stacking three 1.6 mm thick FR-4 boards. In addition, an aluminum plate having a thickness of 0.15 mm was used for the upper plate, and a number 80 of long holes (D = 1.0 mm, L = 1.75 mm) was formed. Further, the machining conditions were a long hole standard cutting speed of 0.7 m / min, a high speed cutting speed and a normal through hole cutting speed of 2.1 m / min, which is three times the long hole standard cutting speed.

  In order to reduce the surface accuracy (h / Q) of such a long hole to 0.4% or less, 7 holes are conventionally required for each long hole. In the processing method of the long hole 30 to which the present invention is applied, 9 holes need to be drilled. However, the first hole (starting hole) uses the high speed cutting speed as the hole in the state 1, and the second hole and 0. The third hole with 25D <P = 0.375 mm uses the standard long hole cutting speed as the hole in state 2, and P ≦ 0.1875 mm ≦ 0.25D from the fourth hole to the last ninth hole. Therefore, a high speed cutting speed is used as the hole in state 3. Therefore, in order to machine 80 long holes, 160 holes (2 holes / long hole) drilled at the standard cutting speed of long holes and 560 holes (7 holes / long hole) drilled at a high cutting speed are processed. The processing time was 4 minutes. The surface accuracy (h / Q) in this example is 0.3%.

[Comparative Example 2]
On the other hand, when all 7 holes per hole required in the past are drilled at the standard slot cutting speed (conventional conditions), 560 holes drilled at the standard slot cutting speed (7 holes / long) The processing time was 8 minutes. That is, in the processing method of Example 3, the processing efficiency is improved by 100%.

[Example 4]
The long hole 30 described in Example 3 is used for all the holes from the first hole (starting hole) to the third hole, using the long hole standard cutting speed, and from the remaining fourth hole to the last ninth hole. Was processed using a high cutting speed. Therefore, in order to machine 80 long holes, 240 holes (3 holes / long hole) are drilled at the standard cutting speed of the long hole, and 480 holes (6 holes / long hole) are drilled at the high speed cutting speed. The processing time was 5 minutes. It can be seen that even in such a case, the machining efficiency was improved by 60%, and a sufficient improvement in the machining efficiency was obtained.

[Example 5]
As the drill 15, a drill having a diameter (drill diameter) φ of 1.0 mm was used, and the printed board W was used by stacking three 1.6 mm thick FR-4 boards. In addition, an aluminum plate having a thickness of 0.15 mm was used for the upper plate, and a long hole (D = 1.0 mm, L = 1.45 mm) number 80 was formed. Further, the machining conditions were a long hole standard cutting speed of 0.7 m / min, a high speed cutting speed and a normal through hole cutting speed of 2.1 m / min, which is three times the long hole standard cutting speed.

  In order to reduce the surface accuracy (h / Q) of the wall surface of such a long hole to 0.4% or less, five holes are conventionally required for each long hole. In the processing method of the long hole 30 to which the present invention is applied, there are 5 holes per long hole, the first hole (starting hole) uses the high speed cutting speed as the hole in state 1, and the second hole in state 2 The long hole standard cutting speed is used as the hole of No. 3, and since P ≦ 0.225 mm ≦ 0.25D from the third hole to the final fifth hole, the high speed cutting speed is used as the hole of state 3. Therefore, 80 holes (1 hole / long hole) drilled at the standard cutting speed of the long hole and 80 holes (4 holes / long hole) drilled at the high speed cutting speed for machining 80 long holes. The processing time was 3 minutes. The surface accuracy (h / Q) in this example is 0.4%.

[Comparative Example 3]
On the other hand, when all the long holes 30 are drilled at the standard long slot cutting speed (conventional conditions), the number of holes drilled at the standard long slot cutting speed is 400 (5 holes / long slot), and the processing time is It was 5 minutes. That is, in the processing method of Example 5, the processing efficiency is improved by 67%.

[Example 6]
The long hole 30 described in Example 5 is used for all of the first hole (starting hole) to the second hole, and the long hole standard cutting speed is used, and the remaining third hole to the last fifth hole. Was processed using a high cutting speed. Therefore, in order to machine 80 long holes, 160 holes (2 holes / long hole) drilled at the standard cutting speed of long holes and 240 holes (3 holes / long hole) drilled at the high cutting speed are processed. The processing time was 3 minutes. Thus, in this case as well, the processing efficiency is improved by 67%.

[Example 7]
In the conditions of Example 1, a trisection point was used as a drilling position in the first step. In order to reduce the surface accuracy (h / Q) of such a long hole to 0.4% or less conventionally, in this embodiment, 49 holes are required for each long hole, but the first hole (starting hole) ) Since P ≧ 1 mm ≧ D from the eye to the fourth hole, the high speed cutting speed is used as the hole in the state 1, and 0.4D <P = 0.667 mm <from the fifth hole to the seventh hole. Since it is D, the standard cutting speed of the long hole is used as the hole in the state 2 and P ≦ 0.333 mm ≦ 0.4D from the 8th hole to the last 49th hole, so that the high speed cutting is performed as the hole in the state 3 Use speed. Accordingly, in order to machine 80 long holes, 240 holes (3 holes / long hole) drilled at the standard cutting speed of long holes and 3680 holes (46 holes / long hole) drilled at the high cutting speed are processed. The processing time is 16 minutes, and in this embodiment, the processing efficiency is improved by 75% compared to the processing time of 28 minutes under the processing conditions in the conventional condition comparison example 1. The surface accuracy (h / Q) in this example is 0.2%. Depending on the length of the long hole, the processing efficiency in the case of the present embodiment may be improved as compared with the first embodiment.

[Example 8]
In the processing method described in Example 7, the long hole standard cutting speed is used for all of the first hole (starting end hole) to the seventh hole, and the remaining 8th hole to the last 49th hole are used. Processed using high speed cutting speed. Therefore, in order to machine 80 long holes, 560 holes (7 holes / long hole) were drilled at the standard cutting speed of the long hole, and 3360 holes (42 holes / long hole) were drilled at the high speed cutting speed. The processing time was 20 minutes. Thus, also in this case, the processing efficiency is improved by 40%.

W Work 1 Processing table 15 Drill 21 Control part 31 Hole (hole in state 1)
31a Start end hole 31b End end hole 32 holes (state 2 hole)
35 holes (state 3 holes)
D Drill diameter (drill diameter)
P Distance between the center point of the hole to be drilled and the drilled hole (pitch)
Q Distance between center points of holes already drilled on both sides of the hole to be drilled

Claims (8)

In the long hole machining method in which a plurality of holes are drilled in the work by a drill and a long hole longer than the diameter of the drill is formed by the plurality of holes,
A first step of drilling at least two holes in the workpiece;
Holes are drilled at the halves between adjacent drilled holes so that they partially overlap with the adjacent drilled holes, and between the holes drilled in the first step. A second step of processing
In the second step, if the distance between the center points of the newly drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole is larger than a predetermined distance, a hole that does not overlap with another hole is drilled. If the distance between the center point of the newly drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole is equal to or less than the predetermined distance , Drilling at a cutting speed faster than the long hole standard cutting speed,
A long hole machining method characterized by that. The predetermined distance is changed according to the length of the long hole.
The long hole processing method according to claim 1. When the length of the long hole is more than twice the diameter of the drill, the first step is such that the workpiece does not overlap each other at the cutting speed when a hole that does not overlap the other hole is formed. Drilling multiple holes in the
The long hole processing method according to claim 1 or 2. When the length of the long hole is less than twice the diameter of the drill, the first step is to form a start end hole at the start end of the long hole and a hole that does not overlap the other hole. After drilling at the cutting speed, a terminal hole is drilled at the end opposite to the starting end at the long hole standard cutting speed.
The long hole processing method according to claim 1 or 2. The predetermined distance is 0.4D, where D is the diameter of the drill.
The long hole processing method according to claim 3. The predetermined distance is 0.25D, where D is the diameter of the drill,
The long hole processing method according to claim 4. It has a control part which performs the long hole processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
A drilling device characterized by that. The control unit of the drilling device is caused to execute the long hole machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
A program characterized by that.

Images