JP5366287B2 - Bgl7ベータ−グルコシダーゼをエンコードする核酸 - Google Patents
Bgl7ベータ−グルコシダーゼをエンコードする核酸 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5366287B2 JP5366287B2 JP2004555452A JP2004555452A JP5366287B2 JP 5366287 B2 JP5366287 B2 JP 5366287B2 JP 2004555452 A JP2004555452 A JP 2004555452A JP 2004555452 A JP2004555452 A JP 2004555452A JP 5366287 B2 JP5366287 B2 JP 5366287B2
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Description
この研究の一部はU. S.エネルギー省の請負契約No. DE-AC 36-99GO010337下の国立リニュウアブルエネルギー研究所の下請契約No. ZCO-0-30017-01により資金援助された。それに応じて、米国政府はこの発明において一定の権利を有する。
本発明は、ベータ-グルコシダーゼ活性を有するポリペプチドをエンコードする、単離されたbgl7核酸配列と関係する。本出願は、また、該核酸を含む、核酸構築物、ベクター及び宿主細胞だけでなく、組換えBGL7ポリペプチドを生産する方法とも関連する。
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セルロース及びヘミセルロースは光合成により、生産される最も豊富な植物資源である。これらは、高分子基質を単一の糖に加水分解する能力のある細胞外酵素を生産する、細菌、酵母及び真菌を含む数多くの微生物により、分解され、エネルギー源として用いられる(Aro et al., 2001)。非再生可能資源には限界があるので、主要な再生資源エネルギー源となるセルロースの可能性は、莫大である。生物学的プロセスを介したセルロースの有効利用は、食料、飼料及び燃料不足を克服するための1の手段である。
本発明はセルラーゼタンパク質の単離、ここでは、変異体BGL7及び変異体BGL7をエンコードする核酸に関係する。
1.定義
違った形で示さない限り、全ての技術分野的及び科学的用語は、本発明に関連する技術分野で通常用いられているのと同じ意味に用いる。本技術分野の定義及び用語については、Sambrook et al., 1989, 及び Ausubel FM et al., 1993に記載されている。本発明は記載した特定の方法、手順及び試薬に限定されないことは当然でありこれらは変更可能である。
A.糸状菌
糸状菌は、真菌門亜門及び卵菌類を形成する全ての糸状菌を含む。糸状菌は、菌糸の伸長及び有酸素が必須である炭素異化による栄養成長に用いられるキチン、グルカン、キトサン、マンナン、および他の複合多糖類から構成されている、細胞壁を有する栄養菌糸を有することが特徴である。
セルラーゼは、当該技術分野において、セルロース(ベータ-1,4グルカン又はベータD-グルコシド結合)を加水分解し、グルコース、セロビオース、セロビオオリゴサッカライド及び同種のものを生産する酵素として知られている。上記のように、セルラーゼは伝統的に3つの主クラスに分類される:エンドグルカナーゼ(EC3.2.1.4)(「EG」)、エキソグルカナーゼ又はセロビオハイドラーゼ(EC3.2.1.91)(「CBH」)及びベータ-グルコシダーゼ(EC3.2.1.21)(「BG」)(Knowles et al., TIBTECH 5,255-261, 1987;Schulen, 1988)である。
オープン・リーディング・フレーム(ORF)をトリコデルマレーシゲノムまたはトリコデルマレーシ mRNA由来のcDNAライブラリーのクローンの全部または一部の配列に従って分析し、さらに配列分析ソフトウェアを用いて、(公開/非公開の)データベース中の公知の配列のホモロジーを決定することにより分析する。
A. bgl7核酸
本発明の核酸分子は、配列番号1で示したbgl7のcDNA配列、の天然コード配列及びその他の種におけるそれらの相同体、天然対立遺伝子多型及びスプライス変異体、核酸断片及び生物学的に活性な(機能的)それらの誘導体であり、例えば天然分子のアミノ酸配列変異体及び融合タンパク質をエンコードする配列を含む。該配列は集合的にここでは「BGL7エンコード核酸配列」という。
好ましい実施態様において、本発明はBGL7ポリペプチドを提供し、図2(配列番号2)に示す配列を含んだ天然成熟型または完全長BGL7ポリペプチド配列を含む。本発明のBGL7ポリペプチドは成熟BGL7ポリペプチド、融合タンパク質の一部、または図2(配列番号2)に示すBGL7ポリペプチド配列の断片または変異体であってもよい。
「非同類置換」はある種類のアミノ酸を別の種類のアミノ酸で置換することをいう。
本発明はさらに抗BGL7抗体を提供する。抗体はポリクローナル、モノクローナル、ヒト化、二重特異性またはヘテロ共役抗体であってよい。
本発明の方法はBGL7を発現するための細胞の使用に依存し、特定のBGL7発現方法を必要とするものではない。
BGL7をエンコードする天然または合成ポリヌクレオチド断片(「BGL7エンコード核酸配列」)は導入が可能で糸状菌または酵母細胞内で複製される異種核酸構築体またはベクター内に組み込むことができる。ここに開示するベクター及び方法はBGL7発現のための宿主細胞での使用に適している。導入される細胞内で複製可能であり、生存可能ないかなるベクターも使用できる。多くの適したベクター及びプロモーターが当業者に公知であり、市販されている。また、クローニング及び発現ベクターについても、Sambrook et al.,1989、Ausubel FM et al.,1989及びStrathern et al., 1981に記載されており、こららを明示的に引用するものとする。菌類に適した発現ベクターはvan den Hondel, C.A.M.J.J.et al.(1991)In:Bennett,J.W. and Lasure,L.L.(eds.)More Gene Manipulations in Fungi.Academic Press,pp.396-428に記載されている。適当なDNA配列は種々の方法によりプラスミドまたはベクター(ここで集合的に「ベクター等」とする)に挿入できる。一般に、DNA配列は標準的な方法により適当な制限エンドヌクレアーゼ部位に挿入する。このような方法及び関連するサブクローニング方法は当業者の知識の範囲内であると考えられる。
(i)糸状菌
本発明は対応する非形質転換親菌と比較してBGL7を多く生成し、または発現するように効果的に修飾、選択及び培養された細胞を含む糸状菌を提供する。
また、本発明はBGL7生成用の宿主細胞として酵母菌の使用を目的とする。加水分解酵素をエンコードするその他いくつかの遺伝子は酵母菌サッカロマイセスセレヴィシエの種々の株において発現される。これらは2つのエンドグルカナーゼ(Penttila et al.,1987)、2つのセロビオヒドロラーゼ(Penttila et al.,1988)及びトリコデルマレーシ由来の1つのβ-グルコシダーゼ(Cummings and Fowler,1996)、オーレオバシディウムプルランス由来キシラナーゼ(Li and Ljungdahl,1996)、小麦由来のα−アミラーゼ(Rothstein et al.,1987)等をエンコードする配列を含む。さらに、ブチリビブリオ・フィブリソルベンズ・エンド−[β]−1,4−グルカナーゼ(END1)ファネロキーテ・クリソスポリウム・セロビオヒドロラーゼ(CBH1)、ルミノコッカス・フラヴェファシエンス・セロデキストリナーゼ(CEL1)及びエンドマイセス・フィブリライザー・セロビアーセ(Bgl1)をエンコードするセルラーゼ遺伝子カセットはサッカロマイセス・セレヴィシエの研究所菌株でよく発現した(Van Rensburg et al.,1998)。
本発明はさらに、外から供給されたBGL7エンコード核酸配列を含むように遺伝子操作された細胞及び細胞組成物を提供する。親細胞または細胞株はクローニングベクターまたは発現ベクターを用いて遺伝子操作(すなわち、変換、形質転換またはトランスフェクト)できる。ベクターは例えば、上述したプラスミド、ウイルス粒子、ファージ等の形態である。
BGL7エンコード核酸構築体を用いて形質転換した細胞株によるBGL7の発現を評価するために、分析はタンパク質レベル、RNAレベルで行うことができ、または特にグルコシダーゼ活性及び/または生成に対して機能的バイオアッセイを用いることにより行うことができる。
一般に、細胞培養で生成したBGL7タンパク質は培地内に分泌され、例えば、不要成分を培養培地から除去することにより精製または単離する。しかし、場合によってはBGL7タンパク質は細胞溶解物から必然的に再生した細胞の形で生成する。その場合、BGL7タンパク質を細胞から精製し、当業者が通常用いる技術を用いて生成する。例として、アフィニティ・クロマトグラフィ(Tilbeurgh et al.,1984)、イオン交換クロマトグラフィ法(Goyal et al.,1991;Fliess et al.,1983;Bhikhabhai et al.,1984;Ellouz et al.,1987)、高分解能を有する物質を用いるイオン交換(Medve et al.,1988)、疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィ(Tomaz and Queiroz,1999)及び2相分割(two-phase partitioning)(Brumbauer,et al.,1999)を含むがこれらに限定されない。
bgl7ヌクレオチド、BGL7タンパク質及びBGL7タンパク質活性を含む組成物は多種多様の用途において有用であることがわかる。そのいくつかを以下に説明する。
関連BGL7エンコード核酸配列の機能は特定機能を有する公知の遺伝子との相同性により決定できる。例えば、同定した核酸分子のコード配列と公開されている核酸配列データベースとの比較は公知遺伝子との相同性によりまたは同定核酸配列の伸長(extension)により機能を確認するために用いる。
2つ以上の配列間の「%同一性」を決定するために選択された配列の好ましいアラインメントは例えば、MacVectorバージョン6.5のCLUSTAL-Wプログラムを用いて実行し、10.0のオープンギャップペナルティ、0.1の延長ギャップペナルティ及びBLOSUM30類似マトリックス等の初期値パラメーターを用いて操作する。
本発明により同定されるタンパク質は酵母2ハイブリッドシステムにおいて使用でき、推測シグナル経路タンパク質であるタンパク質と結合するタンパク質を「捕捉」する。酵母2ハイブリッドシステムはFields and Song,Nature 340:245-246(1989)に記載されている。つまり、2ハイブリッドシステムでは、DNA結合ドメイン-bgl7の融合体(例えば、GAL4-bgl7融合体)が構築され、酵母細菌内にトランスフェクトされる。全bgl7遺伝子またはbgl7遺伝子のサブ領域が使用できる。DNA活性ドメインに融合される潜在的な結合パートナーのライブラリーを含む第2の構築体はコトランスフェクトされる。BGL7タンパク質に結合する酵母共形質転換体含有(harboring)タンパク質は例えば使用するベクターに応じて、β-ガラクトシダーゼまたはルシフェラーゼ生成(スクリーン)または必須栄養素が欠如したプレート上での残存(選別)により同定する。
さらに、発現プロファイリングまたは転写プロファイリングとしても知られるマイクロアレイ分析は所定のDNA配列の存在または発現、または様々な遺伝子の発現変化を同時に評価するために用いる。1の方法において、DNA配列の大きなセット(プローブ)、通常は発現した配列タグの大きなセット、cDNA、cDNA断片または配列特異オリゴヌクレオチドをスライド・ガラスまたはナイロン膜などの固形担体上に配置する。プローブへのハイブリダイゼーションのために標識した標的は制御及び導入組織からmRNAを単離することにより生成し、それから各mRNAプールを通常は蛍光染料などの明確なマーカーを用いて、直接またはcDNAやcRNA中間体を用いて標識する。マイクロアレイは複合プローブを用いてハイブリダイズし、アレイ上の各配置に関する関連ハイブリダイゼーション・シグナル強度は各マーカー染料について量ることができる。制御及び導入状態間の発現の違いは2つのマーカー染料からのシグナル比として測定できる(Baldwin,D et al.,1999を参照。)
bgl7を生じる供給有機体のマイクロアレイ分析が実施でき、bgl7過剰発現の結果として協調して調節されるその他の遺伝子を同定することにより遺伝子機能の理解を助ける。協調して調節される遺伝子の同定はbgl7遺伝子を特定経路に位置付けするのに役立つ。もしくは、そのような分析はマイクロアレイ分析を用いる同じ経路に関係するその他の遺伝子を同定するのに役立つ。
1の典型的な方法において、プローブとして用いるcDNA断片は、セルラーゼ生産を誘発することが明らかである条件下で成長させたトリコデルマレーシの菌糸体から全RNAを抽出し、そこからポリアデニル酸(polyA)断片を得ることにより単離する。PolyA RNAはcDNAプールを生成するために用い、該cDNAプールはそれからここで提供するbgl7核酸配列に基づく特異的プライマーを用いて増幅する。
Claims (32)
- β−グルコシダーゼ活性を有する酵素をエンコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、真菌源由来の単離ポリヌクレオチドであって、
(a)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列をエンコードする核酸配列;
(g)配列番号4で表される核酸配列;および
(h)高ストリンジェンシーな条件下で配列番号4で表される核酸配列にハイブリダイズする核酸配列;からなる群より選択される、単離ポリヌクレオチド。 - 前記単離ポリヌクレオチドがRNA分子である請求項1の単離ポリヌクレオチド。
- 該酵素がトリコデルマ源由来である、請求項1の単離ポリヌクレオチド。
- 該酵素がトリコデルマレーシ由来である請求項3の単離ポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1の単離ポリヌクレオチドを含むベクター。
- 請求項5のベクターにより形質転換された宿主細胞。
- 宿主細胞が原核細胞である、請求項6の宿主細胞。
- 宿主細胞が真核細胞である、請求項6の宿主細胞。
- 請求項1のポリヌクレオチドを含む組換え宿主細胞。
- 組換え宿主細胞が原核生物である、請求項9の組換え宿主細胞。
- 組換え宿主細胞が真核細胞である、請求項9の組換え宿主細胞。
- (a)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列;
(b)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列の実質的に精製された生物学的に活性な断片、から選択されるβ−グルコシダーゼの生物学的活性を有する実質的に精製されたBGL7ポリペプチド。 - β−グルコシダーゼ活性を有する酵素を生成する方法であって、
(a)請求項1のポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクターを用いて宿主細胞を安定に形質転換する工程;
(b)前記形質転換宿主細胞を該宿主細胞に適切な条件下で培養し、前記β−グルコシダーゼを生成する工程;及び
(c)前記β−グルコシダーゼを回収する工程、を含む方法。 - 宿主細胞が糸状菌または酵母菌細胞である、ことを特徴とする。請求項13の方法。
- 請求項13の方法により調製されるβ−グルコシダーゼ活性を有する精製酵素。
- 配列番号1で表されるbgl7遺伝子中に欠失または挿入またはその他の変異を含み、当該遺伝子が不活化され、配列番号2で表されるBGL7ポリペプチド生成が阻害された宿主細胞。
- 配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列を有するBGL7ポリペプチドをエンコードするメッセンジャーRNAに相補的なアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドであって、β−グルコシダーゼ生成宿主細胞に曝した場合、前記宿主細胞によるβ−グルコシダーゼ生成を減少または抑制することを特徴とする、前記アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 宿主細胞が糸状菌である、請求項17のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 洗剤組成物であって、以下からなる群より選択されるポリペプチドを含む前記組成物:
(a)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列;
(b)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列の精製されたβ−グルコシダーゼ活性を有する生物学的活性断片、からなる群より選択されるポリペプチド。 - 酵母生地の性質または焼成食品の性質を改善する方法であって、
(a)生地成分と10ppmの請求項12のBGL7ポリペプチドを混合する工程と、
(b)焼成食品を作るために前記記事混合物を焼く工程、を必ず含む方法。 - 酵母生地又は酵母ロール生地又は酵素パン又は酵母ロール(パン)の性質を改善する方法であって、
(a)生地混合物を作るために、少なくとも10ppmの請求項12のBGL7ポリペプチドをパン生地又はロール(パン)生地と混合する工程と、
(b)生地混合物を成形又は平たく伸ばす工程と、
(c)生地混合物を補強加工する工程と、
(d)パン又はロール(パン)を作るために生地混合物を焼く工程、を必ず含む方法。 - アスペルギルス属の糸状菌内でβ−グルコシダーゼ活性を有する異種ポリペプチドを発現する方法であって、
(a)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含むβ−グルコシダーゼをエンコードし、配列番号1で表されるポリヌクレオチドに結合している、シグナル配列をエンコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクターを有する宿主アルペルギルスを提供する工程と、(b)前記キメラポリペプチドを生成する前記アルペルギルスに適切な条件下において、宿主アスペルギルスを培養し、前記キメラポリペプチドを生成する工程を含む方法。 - エタノールを生成する方法であって、
(a)バイオマス組成物を請求項12に記載のBGL7ポリペプチドを含む酵素組成物と接触させ、糖溶液を得る工程と、
(b)糖溶液に醗酵微生物を加える工程と、
(c)エタノールを生成するのに十分な条件下で醗酵微生物を培養する工程とからなり、バイオマス組成物を前処理することを特徴とする方法。 - 工程(a)がさらに、少なくとも1のエンドグルカナーゼを添加する工程を含む請求項23に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)がさらに、少なくとも1のセロビオヒドロラーゼを添加する工程を含む請求項24に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)がさらに、少なくとも1のセロビオヒドロラーゼを添加する工程を含む請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前処理に希酸を用いる、請求項23に記載の方法。
- エタノールを生成する方法であって、
(a)バイオマス組成物を請求項1に記載の請求項12に記載のBGL7ポリペプチドを含む酵素組成物及び醗酵生物と接触させる工程と、
(b)エタノールを生成するのに十分な条件下で醗酵生物を培養する工程、から成り、バイオマス組成物を前処理することを特徴とする方法。 - 工程(a)がさらに、少なくとも1のエンドグルカナーゼを添加する工程を含む請求項28に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)がさらに、少なくとも1のセロビオヒドロラーゼを添加する工程を含む請求項28に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)がさらに、少なくとも1のセロビオヒドロラーゼを添加する工程を含む請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前処理に希酸を用いる、請求項28に記載の方法。
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