JP5326763B2 - Seismic isolation members and seismic isolation layers - Google Patents
Seismic isolation members and seismic isolation layers Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、建物等の構造物を免震支承する免震支承部材、及びこれを用いた免震層に関する。 The present invention relates to a seismic isolation bearing member for seismically isolating a structure such as a building and a seismic isolation layer using the same.
地震時に地盤から建物に伝播する揺れを低減する装置として、積層ゴムや転がり支承、滑り支承等の免震支承部材が知られている。これらの免震支承部材は、地面と建物との間に介装されて、当該建物を水平方向に相対移動可能に支承するものである。 Seismic isolation members such as laminated rubber, rolling bearings, and sliding bearings are known as devices that reduce the vibration that propagates from the ground to the building during an earthquake. These seismic isolation bearing members are interposed between the ground and the building, and support the building so as to be relatively movable in the horizontal direction.
しかしながら、これらの免震支承部材は、一般に振動の減衰機能を有さない。そのため、別途オイルダンパー等の振動減衰装置をより多く併設せねばならず、コストアップを招く。 However, these seismic isolation bearing members generally do not have a vibration damping function. For this reason, more vibration damping devices such as oil dampers must be additionally provided, resulting in an increase in cost.
本発明は、上記のような従来の問題に鑑みなされたものであって、建物等の構造物を免震支承する免震支承部材でありながらも振動減衰作用を奏し得て、振動減衰装置の設置数の削減を通じて建設費を低減可能な免震支承部材、及びこれを用いた免震層を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and is capable of exhibiting a vibration damping action while being a seismic isolation bearing member for isolating a structure such as a building. The object is to provide a seismic isolation bearing member that can reduce construction costs by reducing the number of installations, and a seismic isolation layer using the same.
かかる目的を達成するために請求項１に示す発明は、
構造物とその下方の整地面との間に介装されて前記構造物を免震支承する免震支承部材であって、
前記免震支承部材は可撓性を有するともに、その内部に鉛直方向に沿って形成された複数のスリット部を有し、
前記スリット部は、前記構造物と前記整地面との間の水平振動を減衰する減衰機能を有しており、
前記免震支承部材の上面から下方に所定範囲の部分及び前記免震支承部材の下面から上方に所定範囲の部分には、前記スリット部が形成されていないことを特徴とする。
上記請求項１に示す発明によれば、免震支承部材でありながら、自身でも減衰作用を奏することができる（自己減衰作用）。よって、オイルダンパー等の振動減衰装置の設置数の削減を通じて建設費を低減可能となる。
また、免震支承部材の上面に直接コンクリートを打設する場合に、作業者の上下取り違えに起因して起こりうるスリット部へのコンクリートのノロ流入トラブルを確実に防ぐことができる。
In order to achieve this object, the invention shown in claim 1
A seismic isolation bearing member that is interposed between the structure and a leveling surface below the structure to isolate the structure,
The seismic isolation bearing member has flexibility and has a plurality of slit portions formed along the vertical direction in the interior thereof,
The slit portion has a damping function for attenuating horizontal vibration between the structure and the leveling surface ,
The slit portion is not formed in a portion of a predetermined range downward from the upper surface of the seismic isolation support member and a portion of the predetermined range upward from the lower surface of the seismic isolation support member .
According to the first aspect of the present invention, although it is a seismic isolation bearing member, it can exhibit a damping action itself (self-damping action). Therefore, the construction cost can be reduced by reducing the number of installed vibration damping devices such as oil dampers.
In addition, when concrete is directly placed on the upper surface of the seismic isolation bearing member, it is possible to reliably prevent the trouble of inflow of the concrete into the slit portion, which may occur due to the operator's misplacement.
請求項２に示す発明は、請求項１に記載の免震支承部材であって、
前記スリット部には粘性材が充填されており、
前記粘性材の剪断抵抗力に基づいて前記振動が減衰されることを特徴とする。
上記請求項２に示す発明によれば、粘性材の剪断抵抗力により、免震支承部材は構造物の水平振動を確実に減衰可能となる。
The invention shown in claim 2 is the seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 1,
The slit portion is filled with a viscous material,
The vibration is damped based on the shear resistance of the viscous material.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the seismic isolation bearing member can surely attenuate the horizontal vibration of the structure by the shear resistance force of the viscous material.
請求項３に示す発明は、請求項１に記載の免震支承部材であって、
前記免震支承部材の内部において前記スリット部を挟んで対面する面同士が摺動する際の摩擦力に基づいて、前記振動が減衰されることを特徴とする。
上記請求項３に示す発明によれば、上記摩擦力により、免震支承部材は構造物の水平振動を確実に減衰可能となる。
The invention shown in claim 3 is the seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 1,
The vibration is attenuated based on a frictional force generated when the surfaces facing each other across the slit portion slide inside the seismic isolation bearing member.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the seismic isolation bearing member can reliably attenuate the horizontal vibration of the structure by the frictional force.
請求項４に示す発明は、請求項３に記載の免震支承部材であって、
前記スリット部を挟んで対面する面同士の摺動時の摩擦係数は、１．４〜１．９の範囲内であることを特徴とする。
上記請求項４に示す発明によれば、前記面の摩擦係数を上記数値範囲の任意値にしているので、水平振動の減衰に適切な大きさの摩擦力を確保し易くなる。
The invention shown in claim 4 is the seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 3,
The friction coefficient at the time of sliding between the surfaces facing each other across the slit portion is in the range of 1.4 to 1.9.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the friction coefficient of the surface is set to an arbitrary value within the above numerical range, it is easy to secure a friction force having an appropriate magnitude for damping horizontal vibration.
請求項５に示す発明は、請求項３又は４に記載の免震支承部材であって、
前記スリット部の厚みは、０ｍｍよりも大きく１ｍｍ以下であることを特徴とする。
上記請求項５に示す発明によれば、スリット部の厚みを上記数値範囲の任意値にしているので、スリット部を挟んで対面する面同士を確実に密接させて摺動させることができて、結果、水平振動の減衰に適切な摩擦力を確実に確保可能となる。
The invention shown in claim 5 is the seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 3 or 4,
The slit portion has a thickness greater than 0 mm and 1 mm or less.
According to the invention described in claim 5, since the thickness of the slit portion is an arbitrary value within the above numerical range, the surfaces facing each other across the slit portion can be reliably brought into close contact with each other and slid. As a result, it is possible to reliably ensure an appropriate frictional force for damping horizontal vibration.
請求項６に示す発明は、請求項５に記載の免震支承部材であって、
前記スリット部は刃物部材により切断して形成されることを特徴とする。
上記請求項６に示す発明によれば、スリット部を刃物部材により切断形成するので、スリット部の厚みを、上述の如き０ｍｍよりも大きく１ｍｍ以下の数値範囲に確実に収めることができる。
The invention shown in claim 6 is the seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 5,
The slit portion is formed by cutting with a blade member.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the slit portion is cut and formed by the blade member, the thickness of the slit portion can be surely kept within the numerical range of more than 0 mm and not more than 1 mm as described above.
請求項７に示す発明は、請求項１乃至６の何れかに記載の免震支承部材を用いて前記構造物と前記整地面との間に形成される免震層であって、
前記免震支承部材は、所定高さの上面を有したブロック部材であり、
複数の前記免震支承部材は、前記整地面のうちで前記構造物の下面に対応する領域に亘って敷き詰められて配置されていることを特徴とする。
上記請求項７に示す発明によれば、免震支承部材は、前記構造物の下面に対応する領域に敷き詰めて配置される。よって、これら免震支承部材の上面、つまり免震層の上面を、前記構造物の下部のコンクリート部分を形成する際のコンクリート型枠として用いることができて、コンクリート型枠分の建設費を削減可能となる。また、前記領域に敷き詰め配置されるので、特に、前記構造物の下部をべた基礎で形成する際の施工性に優れる。
The invention shown in claim 7 is a seismic isolation layer formed between the structure and the leveling surface using the seismic isolation bearing member according to any one of claims 1 to 6 ,
The seismic isolation bearing member is a block member having an upper surface of a predetermined height,
The plurality of seismic isolation bearing members are laid and arranged over a region corresponding to the lower surface of the structure in the ground leveling surface.
According to the seventh aspect of the invention, the seismic isolation bearing member is laid out in a region corresponding to the lower surface of the structure. Therefore, the upper surface of these seismic isolation bearing members, that is, the upper surface of the seismic isolation layer can be used as a concrete formwork when forming the lower concrete portion of the structure, thereby reducing the construction cost for the concrete formwork. It becomes possible. Moreover, since it is laid and arranged in the area, it is particularly excellent in workability when the lower part of the structure is formed with a solid foundation.
請求項８に示す発明は、請求項７に記載の免震層であって、
前記免震支承部材の形状は直方体であり、
前記免震支承部材の周囲には、その四つの側面のそれぞれに対向させて他の免震支承部材が配置されているとともに、互いに対向する側面同士は密接していることを特徴とする。
上記請求項８に示す発明によれば、免震支承部材同士を確実に隙間無く敷き詰めて配置できるので、これら免震支承部材の上面、つまり免震層の上面をコンクリート型枠として確実に機能させることができる。
The invention shown in claim 8 is the seismic isolation layer according to claim 7 ,
The shape of the seismic isolation bearing member is a rectangular parallelepiped,
Around the seismic isolation bearing member, other seismic isolation bearing members are arranged to face each of the four side surfaces, and the opposing side surfaces are in close contact with each other.
According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the seismic isolation bearing members can be reliably laid and arranged without gaps, the upper surfaces of these seismic isolation bearing members, that is, the upper surface of the seismic isolation layer, are reliably functioned as a concrete formwork. be able to.
請求項９に示す発明は、請求項７又は８に記載の免震層であって、
前記免震支承部材は発泡性樹脂からなり、
前記構造物の最下部のコンクリート部分は、べた基礎であり、
前記整地面は、整地された水平な地面、又は捨てコンクリートが打設されて上面が水平に均された面であることを特徴とする。
上記請求項９に示す発明によれば、免震支承部材が安価な発泡性樹脂からなるので、建設費を圧縮可能となる。
また、べた基礎なので、敷き詰め配置された全ての免震支承部材に、構造物の自重を満遍なく概ね均等に受けさせることができて、免震支承部材の局所的な変形を抑制し、結果、免震層の構造健全性を長期に亘り維持可能となる。
更には、べた基礎なので、地面は、構造物の自重を広い面積で受けることができる。よって、地面側に、配筋等を具備した堅牢な基礎コンクリートを打たずに済み、つまり、整地された水平な地面又は捨てコンクリートで十分対応可能である。よって、建設費を圧縮することができ、工期短縮も図れる。
The invention shown in claim 9 is the seismic isolation layer according to claim 7 or 8 ,
The seismic isolation bearing member is made of a foamable resin,
The bottom concrete part of the structure is a solid foundation,
The leveling surface may be a leveled leveled surface, or a surface in which discarded concrete is cast and the upper surface is leveled.
According to the ninth aspect of the invention, since the seismic isolation bearing member is made of an inexpensive foamable resin, the construction cost can be reduced.
In addition, since it is a solid foundation, all the seismic isolation bearing members that are laid out can receive the weight of the structure evenly and evenly, and local deformation of the seismic isolation bearing member is suppressed. The structural integrity of the seismic layer can be maintained for a long time.
Furthermore, since it is a solid foundation, the ground can receive the weight of the structure over a wide area. Therefore, it is not necessary to hit a solid foundation concrete provided with reinforcing bars or the like on the ground side, that is, it is possible to sufficiently cope with a leveled horizontal ground or discarded concrete. Therefore, the construction cost can be reduced and the construction period can be shortened.
本発明によれば、建物等の構造物を免震支承する免震支承部材でありながらも振動減衰作用を奏し得て、振動減衰装置の設置数の削減を通じて建設費を低減可能となる。また、当該免震支承部材を用いることにより免震層の建設費の低減、工期短縮が可能となる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, although it is a seismic isolation bearing member which isolates structures, such as a building, it can show | play a vibration damping action, and it becomes possible to reduce a construction cost through reduction of the installation number of a vibration damping apparatus. Moreover, the construction cost of the seismic isolation layer can be reduced and the construction period can be shortened by using the seismic isolation bearing member.
＝＝＝本実施形態＝＝＝
＜＜＜免震層１０及び免震支承部材１１について＞＞＞
図１Ａに免震層１０を具備した構造物の一例としての建物１の側面図を示す。また、図１Ｂに図１Ａ中のＢ−Ｂ断面図を示す。なお、図１Ｂ中では、免震支承部材１１が具備すべき後述のスリット部１３は省略して示している。
=== This Embodiment ===
<<< Seismic isolation layer 10 and seismic isolation bearing member 11 >>>
FIG. 1A shows a side view of a building 1 as an example of a structure having a seismic isolation layer 10. FIG. 1B shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 1A. In addition, in FIG. 1B, the below-mentioned slit part 13 which the seismic isolation support member 11 should have is abbreviate | omitted and shown.
免震層１０は、建物１とその下方の整地された地面Ｇとの間に介装されている。そして、当該免震層１０により、建物１は、地震等の地面Ｇの振動から水平免震される。つまり、免震層１０は、建物１と地面Ｇとの間の水平方向の相対移動を許容しながら建物１の重量を支持（支承）する。なお、上述の整地された地面Ｇ（以下、整地面Ｇとも言う）は、水平に均された面であれば、土砂がむき出しの状態でも良いし、その上に捨てコンクリートが打設されて覆われた状態であっても良い。 The seismic isolation layer 10 is interposed between the building 1 and the leveled ground G below it. The building 1 is horizontally isolated from the vibration of the ground G such as an earthquake by the seismic isolation layer 10. That is, the seismic isolation layer 10 supports (supports) the weight of the building 1 while allowing horizontal relative movement between the building 1 and the ground G. In addition, as long as the above-mentioned leveled ground G (hereinafter also referred to as “leveled ground G”) is a leveled surface, the earth and sand may be exposed, or abandoned concrete is cast on and covered. It may be in a broken state.
免震層１０は、整地面Ｇのうちで建物１の下面１ｄに対向する領域に敷き詰めて配置された複数のブロック状の免震支承部材１１，１１…から構成される。免震支承部材１１としては、スタイロフォーム（商標（ザ・ダウケミカル・カンパニー／ダウ化工（株））：押出法ポリスチレンフォーム）等の発泡性樹脂を素材とする一辺が９１０ｃｍ〜１８２０ｃｍの直方体形状の部材を例示できる。そして、この例では、これら免震支承部材１１，１１…は、所定高さの上面を有した互いに同形状の規格品であり、各免震支承部材１１の周囲には、その四つの側面１１ｓ，１１ｓ，１１ｓ，１１ｓのそれぞれに対向させて他の免震支承部材１１，１１，１１，１１が配置されているとともに、互いに対向する側面１１ｓ，１１ｓ同士は密接されている。 The seismic isolation layer 10 is composed of a plurality of block-shaped seismic isolation bearing members 11, 11... Arranged in a region facing the lower surface 1 d of the building 1 in the leveling ground G. As the seismic isolation bearing member 11, a rectangular parallelepiped member having a side of 910 cm to 1820 cm made of foamable resin such as Styrofoam (Trademark (The Dow Chemical Company / Dow Chemical Co., Ltd.): extruded polystyrene foam) is used. Can be illustrated. In this example, these seismic isolation bearing members 11, 11... Are standard products having the same shape and having an upper surface with a predetermined height, and around each seismic isolation bearing member 11, there are four side surfaces 11 s. , 11s, 11s, 11s, other seismic isolation bearing members 11, 11, 11, 11 are disposed, and the side surfaces 11s, 11s facing each other are in close contact with each other.
よって、建物１の下面１ｄにおける何れの部位に対しても、必ず何れかの免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕが対面するようになっており、これにより、建物１の平版状の最下部をなす所謂べた基礎３は、局所的な偏り無く概ね均等に免震支承部材１１，１１…に支持される。逆に言えば、全ての免震支承部材１１，１１…に、建物１の自重を満遍なく概ね均等に受けさせているので、免震支承部材１１の局所的な変形が抑制されて、各免震支承部材１１の構造健全性を長期に亘り維持可能となる。また、免震支承部材１１が後述の振動減衰作用を奏する場合には、当該敷き詰め配置により免震層１０の自己減衰力を最も大きくすることもできる。 Therefore, the upper surface 11u of any seismic isolation bearing member 11 always faces any part of the lower surface 1d of the building 1, thereby forming the lithographic bottom of the building 1. The so-called solid foundation 3 is supported by the seismic isolation bearing members 11, 11. In other words, since all the seismic isolation bearing members 11, 11... Receive the weight of the building 1 evenly and evenly, local deformation of the seismic isolation bearing member 11 is suppressed, and each seismic isolation The structural soundness of the support member 11 can be maintained over a long period of time. Moreover, when the seismic isolation bearing member 11 exhibits the vibration damping action described later, the self-damping force of the seismic isolation layer 10 can be maximized by the laying arrangement.
図２Ａ乃至図２Ｃに免震支承部材１１の詳細説明図を示す。図２Ａは側面図であり、図２Ｂは図２Ａ中のＢ−Ｂ矢視の側面図であり、図２Ｃは上面図である。 2A to 2C are detailed explanatory views of the seismic isolation bearing member 11. 2A is a side view, FIG. 2B is a side view taken along arrow BB in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 2C is a top view.
免震支承部材１１は、内部に複数のスリット部１３，１３…を有する。これらスリット部１３，１３…は、免震支承部材１１の水平剛性（剪断剛性）を低下し、免震支承部材１１の水平方向の可撓性を拡大する目的で形成されている。そして、これにより、地震時には、免震支承部材１１が水平方向に速やかに撓み変形して建物１への地震動の入力が軽減される（図３Ｂを参照）。 The seismic isolation bearing member 11 has a plurality of slit portions 13, 13. These slit portions 13, 13... Are formed for the purpose of reducing the horizontal rigidity (shear rigidity) of the seismic isolation bearing member 11 and increasing the horizontal flexibility of the seismic isolation bearing member 11. As a result, in the event of an earthquake, the seismic isolation support member 11 is quickly deflected and deformed in the horizontal direction, and the input of seismic motion to the building 1 is reduced (see FIG. 3B).
各スリット部１３は鉛直方向に沿った直線状に形成されている。そして、この例では、スリット部１３は、水平方向において互いに直交する縦方向及び横方向に、それぞれ所定ピッチＢ，Ｄで形成されており、当該免震支承部材１１を水平断面で見た場合、免震支承部材１１は、図２Ｃに示すような格子状パターンで分割され、つまり、複数の直方体状の柱部１５，１５…に区分されている。また、各スリット部１３は、免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕには到達しているが、下面１１ｄには到達しておらず、つまり、下面１１ｄから上方に所定高さの範囲１１ｒについてはスリット部１３が形成されていない。よって、これら柱部１５，１５…は下部１１ｒにおいて互いに一体に繋がっている。
そして、このようなスリット部１３を有した免震支承部材１１は、上述の建物１の免震作用以外に建物１の水平振動を減衰する作用も奏し得て、その結果、オイルダンパー等の振動減衰装置の設置数を削減することができる。
Each slit portion 13 is formed in a straight line shape along the vertical direction. And in this example, the slit part 13 is formed at predetermined pitches B and D, respectively in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction orthogonal to each other in the horizontal direction. The seismic isolation bearing member 11 is divided into a grid pattern as shown in FIG. 2C, that is, is divided into a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped column portions 15, 15,. Each slit portion 13 reaches the upper surface 11u of the seismic isolation support member 11, but does not reach the lower surface 11d. That is, the slit portion 13 is slit in a range 11r having a predetermined height upward from the lower surface 11d. The part 13 is not formed. Therefore, these pillar portions 15, 15... Are integrally connected to each other in the lower portion 11r.
And the seismic isolation bearing member 11 having such a slit portion 13 can also have an effect of attenuating the horizontal vibration of the building 1 in addition to the above-described seismic isolation effect of the building 1, and as a result, vibration of an oil damper or the like. The number of attenuation devices can be reduced.
図３Ａ及び図３Ｂは、この振動減衰作用の説明図である。水平免震下において建物１が水平振動していると、図３Ｂに示すように免震支承部材１１も水平方向に弾性の撓み変形をする。つまり、免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕが下面１１ｄに対して相対的に水平方向に変位する。すると、この変位により、免震支承部材１１の内部では、スリット部１３を挟んで対面する面１５ｓ，１５ｓ同士が摺動することとなり、その摩擦力Ｐが減衰力として働いて水平振動が減衰される。 3A and 3B are explanatory diagrams of this vibration damping action. When the building 1 is horizontally oscillating under horizontal seismic isolation, the seismic isolation bearing member 11 is also elastically deformed in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 3B. That is, the upper surface 11u of the seismic isolation bearing member 11 is displaced in the horizontal direction relative to the lower surface 11d. Then, due to this displacement, the surfaces 15s, 15s facing each other across the slit portion 13 slide inside the seismic isolation bearing member 11, and the frictional force P acts as a damping force to attenuate the horizontal vibration. The
この摩擦力Ｐの大きさは、例えば下式１で計算することができる。
Ｐ＝μ×Ｎ ……（１）
ここで上式１中のμは、スリット部１３を挟んで対面する面１５ｓ,１５ｓ（以下、摺動面とも言う）の動摩擦係数であり、Ｎは、摺動面１５ｓの垂直抗力である。なお、Ｎについては下式２で計算される。
Ｎ＝（Ｗ／ｎ）×（δ／Ｈ）×ｎ
＝Ｗ×δ／Ｈ ……（２）
ここで上式２中のＷは、建物１の重量であり、Ｈはスリット部１３の鉛直方向の長さであり、ｎは、免震層１０が具備する格子状に分割形成された柱部１５，１５…の総数であり、δは免震支承部材１１（つまり免震層１０）の水平方向の撓み量である。なお、δについては下式３で計算される。
δ＝Ｑ×Ｈ３／（３×３×Ｉ×ｎ） ……（３）
ここで上式３中のＱは、水平方向の想定地震力であり、Ｅは免震支承部材１１のヤング率（＝約１０００Ｎ／ｃｍ２）であり、Ｉは、柱部１５ひとつ当たりの断面二次モーメントである。水平方向（横方向）のＩについては下式４で計算される。
Ｉ＝Ｂ×Ｄ２／１２ ……（４）
なお、上式４中のＢ及びＤは、柱部１５の水平断面に係る縦辺の長さＢ及び横辺の長さＤであり、つまり、上述したスリット部１３の形成ピッチＢ，Ｄである。
The magnitude of the frictional force P can be calculated, for example, by the following formula 1.
P = μ × N (1)
Here, μ in the above formula 1 is a dynamic friction coefficient of surfaces 15s and 15s (hereinafter also referred to as sliding surfaces) facing each other across the slit portion 13, and N is a vertical drag of the sliding surface 15s. N is calculated by the following formula 2.
N = (W / n) × (δ / H) × n
= W × δ / H (2)
Here, W in the above formula 2 is the weight of the building 1, H is the vertical length of the slit portion 13, and n is a column portion divided and formed in a lattice shape that the seismic isolation layer 10 comprises. Is the total number of 15, 15,. Note that δ is calculated by the following equation 3.
δ = Q × H 3 / (3 × 3 × I × n) (3)
Here, Q in the above equation 3 is an assumed seismic force in the horizontal direction, E is a Young's modulus (= about 1000 N / cm 2 ) of the seismic isolation member 11, and I is a cross section per column portion 15. Second moment. I in the horizontal direction (lateral direction) is calculated by the following equation 4.
I = B × D 2/12 ...... (4)
B and D in the above formula 4 are the length B of the vertical side and the length D of the horizontal side of the horizontal section of the column part 15, that is, the formation pitches B and D of the slit part 13 described above. is there.
よって、例えば、想定地震力Ｑや建物１の重量Ｗ等を固定値として、ｎ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｈ、μの各値を、上式１〜式４を満足するように決めることにより、免震支承部材１１（つまり免震層１０）の製造仕様が決定される。 Therefore, for example, by assuming the assumed seismic force Q and the weight W of the building 1 as fixed values, the values of n, B, D, H, and μ are determined so as to satisfy the above formulas 1 to 4, thereby exempting them. Manufacturing specifications of the seismic support member 11 (that is, the seismic isolation layer 10) are determined.
ここで、望ましくは、上述の動摩擦係数μを１．４〜１．９の範囲内に収めると良い。このようにすれば、水平振動の減衰に必要な大きさの摩擦力Ｐを確保し易くなる。このような数値範囲に設定するには、摺動面１５ｓの粗度が適度に大きくなければならない。その観点からは、スタイロフォームの免震支承部材１１にスリット部１３を形成する方法としては、ニクロム線等の熱線で溶断する方法よりは、平刃や鋸刃を具備した刃物部材により切断する方法の方が、破断面の表面粗度を高くできて望ましい。 Here, desirably, the above-mentioned dynamic friction coefficient μ is within a range of 1.4 to 1.9. In this way, it becomes easy to ensure the frictional force P having a magnitude necessary for damping the horizontal vibration. In order to set such a numerical range, the roughness of the sliding surface 15s must be reasonably large. From that viewpoint, as a method of forming the slit portion 13 in the seismic isolation member 11 of the styrofoam, a method of cutting with a blade member equipped with a flat blade or a saw blade rather than a method of fusing with a hot wire such as a nichrome wire. This is desirable because the surface roughness of the fracture surface can be increased.
また、望ましくは、スリット部１３の厚みを０ｍｍよりも大きく１ｍｍ以下の範囲内に収めると良い。この数値範囲に収めれば、スリット部１３を挟んで対面する面１５ｓ，１５ｓ同士を確実に密接させることができて、結果、水平振動の減衰に必要な摩擦力Ｐを確実に確保可能となる。なお、このような数値範囲に収めるには、上述の熱線による溶断法よりは、刃物部材による切断法の方がスリット部１３の厚みを薄くできて好ましい。 Desirably, the thickness of the slit portion 13 is within a range of more than 0 mm and 1 mm or less. If it falls within this numerical range, the faces 15s, 15s facing each other across the slit portion 13 can be reliably brought into close contact with each other, and as a result, the frictional force P necessary for the attenuation of horizontal vibration can be reliably ensured. . Note that, in order to fall within such a numerical range, the cutting method using the blade member is preferable because the thickness of the slit portion 13 can be made thinner than the fusing method using the above-described heat ray.
＜＜＜免震層１０を具備した建物１の構築方法について＞＞＞
図４Ａ乃至図４Ｅは、上述の免震層１０を具備した建物１の構築方法の説明図である。いずれの図も、右側に側面図を示し、左側には上面図を示している。
<<< Construction Method of Building 1 with Seismic Isolation Layer 10 >>>
4A to 4E are explanatory diagrams of a method for constructing the building 1 including the above-described seismic isolation layer 10. In each figure, a side view is shown on the right side, and a top view is shown on the left side.
先ず、図４Ａに示すように、建物１の敷地の地面を、その周囲の地面よりも少なくとも免震支承部材１１の高さ分だけ深く掘り下げるとともに、掘り下げた地面を平らに整地して、これにより、略水平な整地面Ｇを形成する。なお、上述したように、捨てコンクリートを打設して水平な整地面Ｇとしても良い。 First, as shown in FIG. 4A, the ground of the site of the building 1 is dug deeper by at least the height of the seismic isolation support member 11 than the surrounding ground, and the dug ground is leveled, The substantially leveling ground G is formed. In addition, as above-mentioned, abandoned concrete may be laid and it is good also as the horizontal leveling ground G.
次に、図４Ｂに示すように、整地面Ｇのうちで、これから構築すべき建物１のべた基礎３に対面する領域に亘り、免震支承部材１１を敷き詰め配置し、これにより免震層１０を形成する。なお、整地面Ｇが捨てコンクリートよりなる場合には、免震支承部材１１を敷き詰める領域に対して予め接着剤等を塗布しておき、免震支承部材１１を接着固定しても良い。 Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the seismic isolation bearing member 11 is laid out over the region of the ground leveling G that faces the solid foundation 3 of the building 1 to be constructed. Form. In addition, when the leveling ground G is made of abandoned concrete, an adhesive or the like may be applied in advance to a region where the seismic isolation bearing member 11 is spread, and the seismic isolation bearing member 11 may be bonded and fixed.
ここで、敷き詰める際には、免震支承部材１１の周囲に、その四つの側面１１ｓのそれぞれに対向させて他の免震支承部材１１を配置するとともに、互いに対向する側面１１ｓ，１１ｓ同士がその全面に亘って密接するように配置すると良い。このように配置すれば、互いに隣り合う免震支承部材１１，１１同士の間の隙間をほぼ皆無にできて、これにより、免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕは、その隣の免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕに連続する。そして、このような配置関係を側方へ繰り返して適用することにより、全ての免震支承部材１１，１１…の上面１１ｕ，１１ｕ…は略連結一体化して一つの大きな平面をなす。これにより、このあとで現場打ちコンクリートにより形成されるべた基礎３に対応した平面サイズの免震層１０が形成され、もって、当該免震層１０の上面１０ｕは前記べた基礎３用のコンクリート型枠として利用可能となる。 Here, when laying down, other seismic isolation bearing members 11 are arranged around the seismic isolation bearing member 11 so as to face each of the four side surfaces 11s, and the side surfaces 11s, 11s facing each other It may be arranged so as to be in close contact over the entire surface. If arranged in this way, the gap between the seismic isolation bearing members 11, 11 adjacent to each other can be substantially eliminated, whereby the upper surface 11 u of the seismic isolation bearing member 11 is adjacent to the seismic isolation bearing member 11 adjacent thereto. Is continuous with the upper surface 11u. Then, by repeatedly applying such an arrangement relationship to the side, the upper surfaces 11u, 11u,... Of all the seismic isolation bearing members 11, 11,. As a result, a seismic isolation layer 10 having a planar size corresponding to the solid foundation 3 formed by the cast-in-place concrete is formed thereafter, so that the upper surface 10u of the seismic isolation layer 10 is a concrete formwork for the solid foundation 3. Will be available as
そうしたら、図４Ｃに示すように、免震層１０の上面１０ｕをその全面に亘って被覆部材２０で覆う。この覆う目的は、これから現場打ちするコンクリートのノロのスリット部１３への流入防止である。よって、この被覆部材２０としては、厚み方向の液体の通過を阻止可能な液不透過性部材であれば足りる。また、上述したように、免震支承部材１１は互いの間にほぼ隙間無く敷き詰められているので、打設されるコンクリートの全重量は、ほぼ免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕにて支持される。よって、被覆部材２０としては、高剛性の板部材でなくても良く、つまり、低剛性のシート状部材やフィルム状部材を使用可能であり、ここではシート状部材を用いている。シート状部材の一例としては、ビニールシートやゴムシート等を例示できる。ちなみに、この被覆部材２０は埋め殺しとなる。 If it does so, as shown to FIG. 4C, the upper surface 10u of the seismic isolation layer 10 will be covered with the coating | coated member 20 over the whole surface. The purpose of this covering is to prevent the inflow of concrete into the slit portion 13 from now on. Therefore, the covering member 20 may be a liquid-impermeable member that can prevent the passage of liquid in the thickness direction. Further, as described above, since the seismic isolation bearing members 11 are laid with almost no gap between them, the total weight of the placed concrete is supported by the upper surface 11 u of the seismic isolation bearing member 11. . Therefore, the covering member 20 may not be a high-rigidity plate member, that is, a low-rigidity sheet-like member or a film-like member can be used. Here, a sheet-like member is used. Examples of the sheet-like member include a vinyl sheet and a rubber sheet. Incidentally, the covering member 20 is buried.
次に、打設されるコンクリートの側圧を受けられるように、免震層１０の外周縁の全周に沿って板状のコンクリート型枠３０を設置する。また、免震層１０の上面１０ｕたる被覆部材２０の上方に配筋を設ける。そうしたら、コンクリート４０を打設し、コンクリートの硬化後にコンクリート型枠３０を外す。これにより、図４Ｄに示すように、建物１の最下部たるべた基礎３が形成される。 Next, the plate-shaped concrete formwork 30 is installed along the entire circumference of the outer peripheral edge of the seismic isolation layer 10 so as to receive a lateral pressure of the concrete to be placed. Further, a bar arrangement is provided above the covering member 20 which is the upper surface 10 u of the seismic isolation layer 10. Then, the concrete 40 is cast and the concrete formwork 30 is removed after the concrete is hardened. Thereby, as shown to FIG. 4D, the foundation 3 which was the lowest part of the building 1 is formed.
なお、これより上方の建物１の部分１ａ（図４Ｅを参照）の構築は、通常の施工手順に基づいてなされる。例えば、べた基礎３上に、柱形成用のコンクリート型枠や梁形成用のコンクリート型枠を組んで、これらコンクリート型枠内に配筋した後に同型枠内にコンクリートを打設して柱梁を形成したり、これら柱梁の上方に床スラブ形成用のコンクリート型枠を組んで、これらコンクリート型枠内に配筋後、同型枠内にコンクリートを打設して床スラブを形成することを繰り返して、順次、上方へと建物１が構築されていく。 In addition, construction of the part 1a (refer FIG. 4E) of the building 1 above this is made | formed based on a normal construction procedure. For example, a concrete formwork for pillar formation or a concrete formwork for beam formation is assembled on the solid foundation 3, and after placing the bars in the concrete formwork, the concrete is placed in the same formwork and the pillar beam is placed. Repeatedly forming a floor form slab by forming a concrete formwork for floor slab formation above these column beams, placing the concrete in these concrete formwork, and then placing concrete in the formwork form As a result, the building 1 is built upward.
＝＝＝変形例＝＝＝
図５Ａ乃至図５Ｃは、免震支承部材１１の第１変形例の説明図である。図５Ａは側面図であり、図５Ｂは図５Ａ中のＢ−Ｂ矢視の側面図であり、図５Ｃは上面図である。
=== Modification ===
5A to 5C are explanatory views of a first modified example of the seismic isolation bearing member 11. 5A is a side view, FIG. 5B is a side view taken along arrow BB in FIG. 5A, and FIG. 5C is a top view.
上述の実施形態（図２Ａ）では、スリット部１３が免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕに達しており下面１１ｄには達していなかったが、この第１変形例（図５Ａ）では、逆に、スリット部１３が免震支承部材１１の下面１１ｄに達しており、上面１１ｕには達していないようになっている。つまり、当該第１変形例の免震支承部材１１は、上述の実施形態の免震支承部材１１を上下反転させたものと言うこともできる。そして、このような第１変形例の免震支承部材１１によれば、免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕにコンクリートを直接打設してもスリット部１３へのノロの流入は確実に阻止されるので、上述の実施形態で必須であった被覆部材２０を省略可能となり、建設費の削減及び工期短縮を図ることができる。 In the above-described embodiment (FIG. 2A), the slit portion 13 has reached the upper surface 11u of the seismic isolation support member 11 and has not reached the lower surface 11d, but in the first modification (FIG. 5A), conversely, The slit portion 13 reaches the lower surface 11d of the seismic isolation support member 11, and does not reach the upper surface 11u. That is, it can be said that the seismic isolation bearing member 11 of the first modified example is obtained by vertically inverting the seismic isolation bearing member 11 of the above-described embodiment. And according to the seismic isolation bearing member 11 of such a 1st modification, even if concrete is directly laid on the upper surface 11u of the seismic isolation bearing member 11, inflow of the slot into the slit part 13 is reliably prevented. Therefore, the covering member 20 that is essential in the above-described embodiment can be omitted, and the construction cost and the construction period can be shortened.
図６Ａ乃至図６Ｃは、免震支承部材１１の第２変形例の説明図である。図６Ａは側面図であり、図６Ｂは図６Ａ中のＢ−Ｂ矢視の側面図であり、図６Ｃは上面図である。 6A to 6C are explanatory views of a second modification of the seismic isolation bearing member 11. 6A is a side view, FIG. 6B is a side view taken along the line BB in FIG. 6A, and FIG. 6C is a top view.
この第２変形例では、スリット部１３が免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕ及び下面１１ｄの両者に到達しておらず、つまり、スリット部１３は、免震支承部材１１の上端部と下端部とを除くこれらの間の部分にのみ形成されている。更に換言すると、免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕから下方に所定範囲の部分及び同下面１１ｄから上方に所定範囲の部分には、スリット部１３が形成されていない。そして、このような構成によれば、作業者が整地面Ｇに免震支承部材１１を載置する際に、上面１１ｕにスリット部１３が露出しないように確実に配置することができて、つまり、作業者の上下取り違えに伴うスリット部１３へのノロ流入トラブルを未然に防ぐことができる。 In the second modified example, the slit portion 13 does not reach both the upper surface 11u and the lower surface 11d of the seismic isolation support member 11, that is, the slit portion 13 includes an upper end portion and a lower end portion of the seismic isolation support member 11. It is formed only in the portion between these except for. In other words, the slit portion 13 is not formed in a predetermined range portion below the upper surface 11u of the seismic isolation support member 11 and a predetermined range portion above the lower surface 11d. According to such a configuration, when the operator places the seismic isolation support member 11 on the leveling surface G, the slit portion 13 can be reliably disposed so as not to be exposed on the upper surface 11u. Thus, it is possible to prevent a trouble of inflowing into the slit portion 13 due to a mistake in the operator's top and bottom.
ちなみに、この第２変形例のようなスリット部１３の作り方としては、例えば、免震支承部材１１の側面から刃物部材を側方へ差し込むことにより、上下方向の中央部のみを切断して上端部と下端部とを切断しないようにすること、若しくは、図２Ａに示すように、免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕから刃物部材や熱線等で切断してスリット部１３を形成した後に、上面１１ｕに接着剤を塗布して免震支承部材１１と同素材且つ同平面形状のプレート体を接着して上面１１ｕを覆うことなどが挙げられる。 Incidentally, as a method of making the slit portion 13 as in the second modified example, for example, by inserting the blade member sideways from the side surface of the seismic isolation bearing member 11, only the center portion in the vertical direction is cut and the upper end portion is cut. 2a, or after cutting the upper surface 11u of the seismic isolation bearing member 11 with a blade member or a heat ray to form the slit portion 13, as shown in FIG. For example, an adhesive may be applied to adhere a plate body having the same material and the same planar shape as the seismic isolation support member 11 to cover the upper surface 11u.
図７Ａ乃至図７Ｃは、免震支承部材１１の第３変形例の説明図である。図７Ａは側面図であり、図７Ｂは図７Ａ中のＢ−Ｂ矢視の側面図であり、図７Ｃは上面図である。 7A to 7C are explanatory views of a third modification of the seismic isolation bearing member 11. 7A is a side view, FIG. 7B is a side view taken along the line BB in FIG. 7A, and FIG. 7C is a top view.
上述の実施形態（図２Ａ）では、免震支承部材１１の水平振動の減衰作用が、スリット部に生じる摩擦力Ｐに基づく摩擦減衰であったが、この第３変形例（図７Ａ）では、粘性減衰、つまり、スリット部１３に生じる粘性抵抗力を用いて水平振動を減衰する点で相違する。 In the above-described embodiment (FIG. 2A), the horizontal vibration damping action of the seismic isolation bearing member 11 was friction damping based on the frictional force P generated in the slit portion. In this third modification (FIG. 7A), It is different in that the horizontal vibration is attenuated using viscous damping, that is, the viscous resistance force generated in the slit portion 13.
すなわち、スリット部１３は上述の実施形態よりも若干厚めの２ｍｍ〜２０ｍｍの厚み範囲で形成されており、スリット部１３には、粘性材１７が充填されている。よって、免震支承部材１１が水平方向に撓む際に、スリット部１３の互いに対面する面１５ｓ，１５ｓ同士が粘性材１７を介して相対移動することになり、その際の粘性材１７の剪断抵抗力が減衰力として働いて建物１の水平振動が減衰される。 That is, the slit portion 13 is formed in a thickness range of 2 mm to 20 mm, which is slightly thicker than the above-described embodiment, and the slit portion 13 is filled with the viscous material 17. Therefore, when the seismic isolation bearing member 11 bends in the horizontal direction, the surfaces 15s, 15s facing each other of the slit portion 13 move relative to each other via the viscous material 17, and the shearing of the viscous material 17 at that time The resistance force acts as a damping force to attenuate the horizontal vibration of the building 1.
粘性材１７としては、例えば高粘度のゲル状高分子材料等が挙げられ、具体例としては、オイレスＳＡ−Ｐ粘性体（商品名：オイレス工業株式会社）等を例示できる。 Examples of the viscous material 17 include a high-viscosity gel-like polymer material, and specific examples thereof include oiles SA-P viscous material (trade name: Oiles Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
ところで、この第３変形例は、上述のスリット部１３の形成範囲が免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕに到達しているが、図８Ａ乃至図８Ｃの第４変形例に示すように、スリット部１３が、免震支承部材１１の上面１１ｕ及び下面１１ｄの両方に到達しないように形成しても良い。 By the way, although the formation range of the above-mentioned slit part 13 has reached the upper surface 11u of the seismic isolation support member 11 in this 3rd modification, as shown in the 4th modification of Drawing 8A thru / or 8C, a slit part 13 may be formed so as not to reach both the upper surface 11 u and the lower surface 11 d of the seismic isolation bearing member 11.
＝＝＝その他の実施の形態＝＝＝
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は、かかる実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で以下に示すような変形が可能である。
=== Other Embodiments ===
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this embodiment, The deformation | transformation as shown below is possible in the range which does not deviate from the summary.
上述の実施形態では、免震支承部材１１の素材としてスタイロフォームを例示したが、建物１等の構造物を免震支承可能な耐圧縮性に優れ、可撓性を有する素材であれば、何等これに限るものではなく、つまり、発泡性樹脂以外の素材でも良い。 In the above-described embodiment, the styrofoam is exemplified as the material of the seismic isolation support member 11. However, any material can be used as long as the material is excellent in compression resistance and flexible so that the structure such as the building 1 can be seismically isolated. It is not limited to the above, that is, a material other than the foamable resin may be used.
上述の実施形態では、整地面Ｇの一例として地面を例示したが、水平な面であれば何等これに限るものではない。例えば、整地面Ｇの概念には、内部に配筋されたコンクリートからなる構造床の上面も含まれる。 In the above-described embodiment, the ground is illustrated as an example of the leveling ground G, but the present invention is not limited to this as long as it is a horizontal surface. For example, the concept of the leveling surface G includes the upper surface of a structural floor made of concrete arranged inside.
１ 建物（構造物）、１ａ 部分、１ｄ 下面、
３ べた基礎、１０ 免震層、１０ｕ 上面、
１１ 免震支承部材、１１ｄ 下面、１１ｒ 下部（範囲）、
１１ｓ 側面、１１ｕ 上面、
１３ スリット部、１５ 柱部、１５ｓ 摺動面（面）、
１７ 粘性材、２０ 被覆部材、２２ 免震支承部材
３０ コンクリート型枠、４０ コンクリート、
Ｇ 整地された地面（整地面）、Ｐ 摩擦力、Ｑ 想定地震力、Ｗ 重量
1 building (structure), 1a part, 1d bottom surface,
3 Solid foundation, 10 base isolation layer, 10u top surface,
11 seismic isolation bearing member, 11d lower surface, 11r lower part (range),
11s side surface, 11u top surface,
13 slit part, 15 pillar part, 15s sliding surface (surface),
17 viscous material, 20 covering member, 22 seismic isolation bearing member 30 concrete formwork, 40 concrete,
G ground leveling (leveling), P friction force, Q assumed seismic force, W weight
Claims (9)
前記免震支承部材は可撓性を有するともに、その内部に鉛直方向に沿って形成された複数のスリット部を有し、
前記スリット部は、前記構造物と前記整地面との間の水平振動を減衰する減衰機能を有しており、
前記免震支承部材の上面から下方に所定範囲の部分及び前記免震支承部材の下面から上方に所定範囲の部分には、前記スリット部が形成されていないことを特徴とする免震支承部材。 A seismic isolation bearing member that is interposed between the structure and a leveling surface below the structure to isolate the structure,
The seismic isolation bearing member has flexibility and has a plurality of slit portions formed along the vertical direction in the interior thereof,
The slit portion has a damping function for attenuating horizontal vibration between the structure and the leveling surface ,
The seismic isolation bearing member, wherein the slit portion is not formed in a part of a predetermined range downward from the upper surface of the base isolation bearing member and a part of the predetermined range upward from the lower surface of the base isolation bearing member.
前記スリット部には粘性材が充填されており、
前記粘性材の剪断抵抗力に基づいて前記振動が減衰されることを特徴とする免震支承部材。 The seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 1,
The slit portion is filled with a viscous material,
The seismic isolation bearing member, wherein the vibration is attenuated based on a shear resistance force of the viscous material.
前記免震支承部材の内部において前記スリット部を挟んで対面する面同士が摺動する際の摩擦力に基づいて、前記振動が減衰されることを特徴とする免震支承部材。 The seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 1,
The seismic isolation bearing member, wherein the vibration is attenuated based on a frictional force generated when the surfaces facing each other across the slit portion slide inside the seismic isolation bearing member.
前記スリット部を挟んで対面する面同士の摺動時の摩擦係数は、１．４〜１．９の範囲内であることを特徴とする免震支承部材。 The seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 3,
The seismic isolation bearing member, wherein a coefficient of friction when sliding between surfaces facing each other with the slit portion interposed therebetween is in a range of 1.4 to 1.9.
前記スリット部の厚みは、０ｍｍよりも大きく１ｍｍ以下であることを特徴とする免震支承部材。 The seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 3 or 4,
A thickness of the slit portion is greater than 0 mm and 1 mm or less.
前記スリット部は刃物部材により切断して形成されることを特徴とする免震支承部材。 The seismic isolation bearing member according to claim 5,
The seismic isolation bearing member, wherein the slit portion is formed by cutting with a blade member.
前記免震支承部材は、所定高さの上面を有したブロック部材であり、
複数の前記免震支承部材が、前記整地面のうちで前記構造物の下面に対応する領域に亘って敷き詰められて配置されていることを特徴とする免震層。 A seismic isolation layer formed between the structure and the leveling surface using the seismic isolation bearing member according to any one of claims 1 to 6 ,
The seismic isolation bearing member is a block member having an upper surface of a predetermined height,
The seismic isolation layer, wherein a plurality of the seismic isolation bearing members are arranged and arranged over a region corresponding to the lower surface of the structure in the ground surface.
前記免震支承部材の形状は直方体であり、
前記免震支承部材の周囲には、その四つの側面のそれぞれに対向させて他の免震支承部材が配置されているとともに、互いに対向する側面同士は密接していることを特徴とする免震層。 The seismic isolation layer according to claim 7 ,
The shape of the seismic isolation bearing member is a rectangular parallelepiped,
Around the seismic isolation bearing member, other seismic isolation bearing members are arranged to face each of the four side surfaces, and the opposing side surfaces are in close contact with each other. layer.
前記免震支承部材は発泡性樹脂からなり、
前記構造物の最下部のコンクリート部分は、べた基礎であり、
前記整地面は、整地された水平な地面、又は捨てコンクリートが打設されて上面が水平に均された面であることを特徴とする免震層。 The seismic isolation layer according to claim 7 or 8 ,
The seismic isolation bearing member is made of a foamable resin,
The bottom concrete part of the structure is a solid foundation,
The seismic isolation layer, wherein the leveling surface is a leveled leveled surface or a surface in which discarded concrete is cast and the upper surface is leveled horizontally.
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| JP2834435B2 (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1998-12-09 | 蹴揚建設株式会社 | Building seismic isolation device |
| JPH11270620A (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-10-05 | Daiwa House Ind Co Ltd | Base isolating device |
| JP4568597B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2010-10-27 | 善昭 栗岩 | Base isolation block and base isolation structure using the same |
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