JP5298576B2 - Heat treatment method for steel - Google Patents
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 112
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Description
本発明は、鋼材の熱処理方法に関し、詳しくは、鋼材を誘導加熱装置で熱処理する、特に、厚鋼板をソレノイド型誘導加熱装置で熱処理するのに好適な、鋼材の熱処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a steel material heat treatment method, and more particularly to a steel material heat treatment method suitable for heat treating a steel material with an induction heating device, and particularly suitable for heat treating a thick steel plate with a solenoid induction heating device.
従来のソレノイド型誘導加熱装置は、ホットストリップミルの粗バー加熱装置にみられるように、材料進行方向に加熱用インダクタコイル（略してインダクタ）を直列に配置し、一定周波数で一方向の材料移動中に加熱を完了するものが主体であった。ホットストリップミルでは、長尺の材料がテーブルローラで搬送され、そのローラで材料が速度制御されるので、材料進入速度に合わせた投入電力制御が簡単に実施できることが特徴であった。 The conventional solenoid induction heating device has a heating inductor coil (inductor for short) arranged in series in the material traveling direction as seen in the hot bar mill's coarse bar heating device, and moves the material in one direction at a constant frequency. The one that completed heating inside. The hot strip mill is characterized in that a long material is conveyed by a table roller, and the speed of the material is controlled by the roller, so that it is possible to easily control the input power in accordance with the material entry speed.
一方、厚鋼板のような比較的短尺の材料に対して誘導加熱装置を用いて熱処理する技術としては、特許文献１に、ソレノイド型誘導加熱装置の前後に搬送装置を設けて、この搬送装置で鋼材を誘導加熱装置内に１往復以上通して加熱（リバース加熱）すること、また、加熱終了パスに近づくにつれて各加熱パス時の誘導加熱装置の投入電力を順次減少させることが開示されている。 On the other hand, as a technique for heat-treating a relatively short material such as a thick steel plate using an induction heating device, Patent Document 1 provides a transfer device before and after the solenoid induction heating device. It is disclosed that the steel material is heated by one or more reciprocations in the induction heating device (reverse heating), and that the input power of the induction heating device at each heating pass is sequentially reduced as the heating end pass is approached.
また、特許文献２に、鋼材寸法に応じてソレノイド型誘導加熱装置の投入電力を加減して鋼材の表層のみを加熱すること、あるいは２つ以上間隔を空けて並べたソレノイド型誘導加熱装置内に鋼材を通して間欠加熱することが開示されている。
このように厚鋼板においては、設備長が短く省スペースの誘導加熱装置を用いて、リバース加熱することにより、高い昇熱速度と均熱性を同時に得られることが特徴である。
As described above, the thick steel plate is characterized in that a high heating rate and a uniform temperature can be obtained simultaneously by reverse heating using a space-saving induction heating device with a short equipment length.
前述のように、ホットストリップミルのソレノイド型誘導加熱装置による粗バー加熱では、一方向搬送であるから、例えば材料の搬送速度を上げることで簡単に加熱処理の生産性を向上させることができる。
厚鋼板をソレノイド型誘導加熱装置でリバース加熱する熱処理においても生産性を向上させることが求められる。しかし、前記特許文献１には生産性向上について記載されていない。前記特許文献２では、同文献記載の発明が生産性を阻害しないものである旨記載されているが、さらなる生産性向上のための指針は述べられていない。
As described above, since the rough bar heating by the solenoid type induction heating device of the hot strip mill is unidirectional conveyance, the productivity of the heat treatment can be easily improved by increasing the material conveyance speed, for example.
Improvement in productivity is also required in heat treatment in which a thick steel plate is reverse-heated by a solenoid induction heating apparatus. However, Patent Document 1 does not describe improvement in productivity. In Patent Document 2, it is described that the invention described in the document does not inhibit productivity, but no guidelines for further improving productivity are described.
発明者らは、さらなる生産性向上のために、リバース加熱での熱処理において厚鋼板の搬送方向転換時の誘導加熱装置からの離間距離をゼロに近づけることを検討したが、そのようにすると、加熱が不安定になるという課題が生じることがわかった。
そこで、本発明は、誘導加熱装置による鋼材の安定加熱状態を確保しつつ生産性向上を可能にする鋼材の熱処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
In order to further improve the productivity, the inventors studied to make the separation distance from the induction heating device close to zero when changing the conveyance direction of the thick steel plate in the heat treatment by reverse heating, It has been found that there is a problem that becomes unstable.
Then, an object of this invention is to provide the heat processing method of the steel materials which enables productivity improvement, ensuring the stable heating state of the steel materials with an induction heating apparatus.
前記課題を解決するためになされた本発明は以下のとおりである。
１．誘導加熱装置で鋼材を加熱して熱処理する方法において、該鋼材を前記誘導加熱装置の上流側から下流側への順方向に搬送しながら前記加熱を行い、該加熱の終了後、前記鋼材を前記順方向とは反対の方向である逆方向に搬送しながら前記加熱を行うにあたり、前記鋼材の搬送方向転換時の前記誘導加熱装置との離間距離を、前記鋼材を搬送する搬送テーブルの起動応答特性（因子１）、前記誘導加熱装置のインバータ起動応答特性（因子２）、該インバータによるインダクタの起動への材料（鋼材）磁気の影響範囲（因子３）、および前記インバータによるインダクタの起動前の待機電流磁場からの漏洩磁束の鋼材への影響範囲（因子４）の各々に基づく必要最小限の転向離間距離のうち最大のものとして決定した正の下限値以上とすることを特徴とする鋼材の熱処理方法。
The present invention made to solve the above problems is as follows.
1. In the method of heating and heat treating a steel material with an induction heating device, the heating is performed while conveying the steel material in a forward direction from the upstream side to the downstream side of the induction heating device. In performing the heating while transporting in the reverse direction, which is the direction opposite to the forward direction, the separation response distance from the induction heating device when changing the transport direction of the steel material, the start response characteristic of the transport table that transports the steel material (Factor 1), inverter startup response characteristics of the induction heating device (Factor 2), the influence range of the material (steel material) magnetism on the startup of the inductor by the inverter (Factor 3), and standby before the startup of the inductor by the inverter maximum determined positive or lower limit as a child of each minimum turning distance based upon the range of influence the steel leakage flux (factor 4) from the current field Heat treatment method for steel characterized by.
２．前記鋼材を前記逆方向に搬送しながら前記加熱を行った後、引き続き前記順方向に搬送しながら前記加熱を行うことを特徴とする前項１に記載の鋼材の熱処理方法。
３．前記鋼材の搬送方向転換を複数回繰り返して前記加熱を複数回行うことを特徴とする前項１または２に記載の鋼材の熱処理方法。
2 . 2. The method for heat treating a steel material according to item 1 , wherein the heating is performed while the steel material is conveyed in the reverse direction, and then the heating is performed while the steel material is subsequently conveyed in the forward direction.
3 . 3. The heat treatment method for a steel material according to item 1 or 2 , wherein the heating is performed a plurality of times by repeating a change in the conveying direction of the steel material a plurality of times.
４．前記下限値を１ｍとしたことを特徴とする前項１〜３のいずれかに記載の鋼材の熱処理方法。
５．前記誘導加熱装置をソレノイド型誘導加熱装置とし、前記下限値を該ソレノイド型誘導加熱装置の開口部短径の６倍としたことを特徴とする前項１〜３のいずれかに記載の鋼材の熱処理方法。
4 . 4. The steel material heat treatment method according to any one of items 1 to 3 , wherein the lower limit is 1 m.
5 . 4. The heat treatment of a steel material according to any one of the preceding items 1 to 3 , wherein the induction heating device is a solenoid induction heating device, and the lower limit value is six times the opening short axis of the solenoid induction heating device. Method.
本発明によれば、誘導加熱装置を用いて厚鋼板のような比較的短尺の鋼材を熱処理するときでも、省スペース・省インダクタを実現しながら、起動・停止・逆転のサイクル中に発生する速度変動や電磁障害による鋼材の不安定加熱および投入電力制御に対する速度変動外乱を回避でき、高精度な温度制御を実現することができる。 According to the present invention, even when a relatively short steel material such as a thick steel plate is heat-treated using an induction heating device, a speed generated during a start-stop-reverse cycle while realizing space-saving and inductor-saving. It is possible to avoid unstable fluctuations in the steel due to fluctuations and electromagnetic interference and speed fluctuation disturbances to the input power control, and to realize highly accurate temperature control.
図１は、誘導加熱装置による厚鋼板の熱処理方法を示す概略図である。誘導加熱装置1はソレノイド型のものであり、複数のインダクタコイル2を、図示しない圧延機の出側搬送ライン内に直列に配置してなる。鋼材または材料でもある厚鋼板10を、搬送テーブル3で誘導加熱装置1の上流側から下流側への方向である順方向に搬送し、材料10が誘導加熱装置1を通り抜ける間に誘導加熱装置1で加熱し、次いで材料10を搬送テーブル3で順方向とは反対の方向である逆方向に搬送し、材料10が誘導加熱装置1を通り抜ける間に誘導加熱装置1で再び加熱し、あるいはさらに、これを繰り返すことによって熱処理される。このような加熱方法をリバース加熱という。なお、材料10を最初に誘導加熱装置1に順方向に通すときの加熱を省略する場合もある。
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a heat treatment method for a thick steel plate using an induction heating apparatus. The induction heating apparatus 1 is of a solenoid type, and is formed by arranging a plurality of inductor coils 2 in series in an unillustrated delivery line of a rolling mill. The
誘導加熱装置1で材料10をリバース加熱するときは、回路保護のためにインダクタコイル2に待機電流を流しておき、材料10の先端が誘導加熱装置1に進入するとインダクタコイル2の電流を待機電流から所定の加熱電力を付与する電流（加熱電流）へ上げて材料10を加熱し、材料10の後端が誘導加熱装置1を抜けると、インダクタコイル2の電流を加熱電流から待機電流まで下げて、材料10の搬送を停止した後、逆方向に搬送して再び誘導加熱装置1に進入させて加熱するというサイクルを繰り返す。
When the
設備長を短くした省スペース・省インダクタの誘導加熱装置を用いて、厚鋼板をリバース加熱するときに、高い昇熱速度と均熱性を同時に得るには、リバース加熱における前記サイクルの中で効率的な電力制御ができるように誘導加熱装置と材料との離間距離を適切に設定しなければならない。なお、離間距離は、図１に示すように、材料10が誘導加熱装置1の上流側にある場合は、材料10先端と誘導加熱装置1の最上流段のインダクタコイル2の最上流端との間の距離であり、材料10が誘導加熱装置1の下流側にある場合は、材料10後端と誘導加熱装置1の最下流段のインダクタコイル2の最下流端との間の距離である。
In order to obtain a high heat-up rate and heat uniformity at the same time when reverse heating a steel plate using a space-saving and inductor-saving induction heating device with a shorter equipment length, it is efficient in the above cycle in reverse heating. The distance between the induction heating device and the material must be set appropriately so that proper power control is possible. As shown in FIG. 1, when the
また、放冷を少なくして生産性を上げるためには搬送方向転換時の材料と誘導加熱装置との離間距離を小さくするのが有効であるが、この搬送方向転換時の材料と誘導加熱装置との離間距離（以下、略して転向離間距離という）を小さくしすぎると電磁障害により材料10を安定して加熱できなくなる。
というのは、転向離間距離が小さすぎると誘導加熱装置のインバータによるインダクタの起動（待機電流から加熱電流への切替え）への材料（鋼材）磁気の影響や、材料に対する待機電流通電時の漏洩磁束の影響が強くなりすぎて、インダクタの起動が乱されたり、材料の先端あるいは後端が過加熱されやすくなり、さらには、搬送テーブルのテーブルローラなどの導体と材料との間でスパークが生じ、材料やテーブルローラに疵が生じることもある。
In order to reduce the cooling and increase the productivity, it is effective to reduce the separation distance between the material and the induction heating device at the time of changing the conveying direction. However, the material and the induction heating device at the time of changing the conveying direction are effective. If the separation distance (hereinafter referred to as a turning separation distance) is too small, the
This is because if the turning separation distance is too small, the influence of the material (steel) magnetism on the start-up of the inductor (switching from the standby current to the heating current) by the inverter of the induction heating device, and the leakage flux when the standby current is applied to the material The influence of the power becomes too strong, disturbing the start-up of the inductor, overheating of the leading or trailing edge of the material, and further sparking between the conductor such as the table roller of the transfer table and the material, Wrinkles may occur in the material and table rollers.
これらの問題は、転向離間距離を所定の下限値以上とすることにより解決できる。
この所定の下限値は、前記問題を生じさせない必要最小限の値であることが最適であり、そのためには、前記下限値を、搬送テーブルの起動応答特性（因子1）、誘導加熱装置のインバータ起動応答特性（因子2）、該インバータによるインダクタの起動への材料（鋼材）磁気の影響範囲（因子3）、および前記インバータによるインダクタの起動前の待機電流磁場からの漏洩磁束の鋼材への影響範囲（因子4）に基づいて決定することが好ましい。以下これらの因子を用いた前記下限値の決定方法について説明する。
These problems can be solved by setting the turning separation distance to a predetermined lower limit value or more.
The predetermined lower limit value is optimally a minimum necessary value that does not cause the above problem. For this purpose, the lower limit value is determined based on the start response characteristic of the transfer table (factor 1), the inverter of the induction heating device. Start-up response characteristics (factor 2), influence range of material (steel) magnetism on inductor start-up by the inverter (factor 3), and influence of leakage magnetic flux from standby current magnetic field before start-up of inductor by the inverter on steel material It is preferable to determine based on the range (factor 4). Hereinafter, a method for determining the lower limit value using these factors will be described.
因子1としては、搬送テーブルのテーブルローラと材料がスリップすることなく同期して加速できる最大応答の時定数τを用いるとよい。速度安定までに前記時定数τの３倍（3τ）以上の時間を確保する必要があると考えられるから、材料加熱時の実用限界速度がVmaxである場合、因子1に基づく必要最小限の転向離間距離は、（Vmax /2）×3τなる式で算出するとよい。 As the factor 1, it is preferable to use the time constant τ of the maximum response that can be synchronized and accelerated without slipping between the table roller of the transport table and the material. Since it is considered necessary to secure a time of 3 times the time constant τ (3τ) or more before the speed is stabilized, if the practical limit speed during material heating is Vmax, the minimum necessary turn based on factor 1 The separation distance may be calculated by the equation (Vmax / 2) × 3τ.
因子2としては、起動用インバータ（インジェクタ）が起動するまでの実用限界待ち時間ｔmaxを用い、因子2に基づく必要最小限の転向離間距離は、Vmax×ｔmaxなる式で算出するとよい。
因子3、因子4は、実験あるいは計算で求めたそれぞれの影響範囲の通材方向長さをそのまま因子3、因子4に基づく必要最小限の転向離間距離とすればよい。なお、ソレノイド型誘導加熱装置で厚鋼板をリバース加熱する場合について、発明者らが検討した結果によると、因子3に基づく必要最小限の転向離間距離は、誘導加熱装置の開口部短径の６倍とすれば、インダクタの起動を安定化できて好適である。
As factor 2, the practical limit waiting time tmax until the start-up inverter (injector) is started is used, and the minimum necessary turning separation distance based on factor 2 may be calculated by the equation Vmax × tmax.
以上の要領で求めた因子1〜4の各々に基づく必要最小限の転向離間距離のうち最大のものを前記下限値とする。
特許文献１の実施例に記載されたソレノイド型誘導加熱装置、すなわち、間口は幅4700ｍｍ、高さ200ｍｍで、長さが１ｍのドーナツ型コイルの中を厚鋼板を通過させて加熱するものを用いて、厚鋼板をリバース加熱する場合について、前記要領で具体的に求めた因子1〜4の各々に基づく必要最小限の転向離間距離Lminは、次のとおりであった。
・因子1に基づくもの：τ＝200ｍｓ、Vmax＝２ｍ/ｓであることから、Lmin＝（Vmax /2）×3τ＝0.6ｍ。
・因子2に基づくもの：tmax＝500ｍｓであることから、Lmin＝Vmax×ｔmax＝１ｍ。
・因子3に基づくもの：誘導加熱装置の開口部短径＝150ｍｍであることから、Lmin＝150ｍｍ×６＝0.9ｍ。
・因子4に基づくもの：コイルに待機電流（10kA,1500Hz）を通電した状態での漏洩磁束の測定結果から、Lmin＝１ｍ。
Among the minimum necessary turning distances based on each of the factors 1 to 4 obtained as described above, the maximum value is set as the lower limit value.
A solenoid type induction heating device described in the embodiment of Patent Document 1, that is, a device that heats by passing a thick steel plate through a donut coil having a width of 4700 mm, a height of 200 mm, and a length of 1 m. In the case where the thick steel plate is reversely heated, the minimum necessary turning separation distance Lmin based on each of the factors 1 to 4 specifically obtained in the above manner was as follows.
-Based on factor 1: Since τ = 200 ms and Vmax = 2 m / s, Lmin = (Vmax / 2) × 3τ = 0.6 m.
-Based on factor 2: Since tmax = 500 ms, Lmin = Vmax × tmax = 1 m.
-Based on factor 3: Since the short axis of the opening of the induction heating device is 150 mm, Lmin = 150 mm × 6 = 0.9 m.
-Based on factor 4: Lmin = 1 m from the measurement result of leakage magnetic flux when the coil is energized with standby current (10 kA, 1500 Hz).
よって、この場合、前記下限値は１ｍとすればよい。
以上の説明では、ソレノイド型誘導加熱装置で厚鋼板をリバース加熱する場合への本発明適用形態を主な内容としたが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、鋼材が厚鋼板以外の例えば形鋼、鋼管等である場合や、また、誘導加熱装置がソレノイド型以外のものである場合にも、同様に適用されうることはいうまでもない。
Therefore, in this case, the lower limit value may be 1 m.
In the above description, the main application content of the present invention to reverse heating a thick steel plate with a solenoid type induction heating device is not limited to this, and the steel material is not a thick steel plate. For example, it is needless to say that the present invention can be similarly applied to a case of a shape steel, a steel pipe, or the like, or when the induction heating device is other than a solenoid type.
厚鋼板（熱間圧延後に直接焼入れまたは加速冷却されたもの）を、特許文献１の実施例のような強磁束密度（0.3テスラ以上）のインダクタを有する、図１に示した形態のソレノイド型誘導加熱装置でリバース加熱する熱処理（この場合、焼戻しである）操業において、本発明の実施例として転向離間距離が前記要領に従って決定した下限値１ｍを下回らないように管理して操業を行った。その結果、かかる管理を行わずに操業していた従来の実績と比較して、加熱不安定やスパーク等によるトラブル発生頻度は約90％減となり、生産性（製品スループット）は約70％増となった。 A solenoid-type induction in the form shown in FIG. 1 having a thick steel plate (directly quenched or accelerated and cooled after hot rolling) and having an inductor having a strong magnetic flux density (0.3 Tesla or higher) as in the embodiment of Patent Document 1. In the heat treatment (in this case, tempering) that is reverse-heated by a heating device, the operation was performed so that the turning separation distance was not less than the lower limit 1 m determined according to the above procedure as an example of the present invention. As a result, the frequency of troubles due to unstable heating and sparks is reduced by approximately 90%, and productivity (product throughput) is increased by approximately 70%, compared to the previous results of operation without such management. became.
1 誘導加熱装置（ソレノイド型誘導加熱装置）
2 インダクタコイル
3 搬送テーブル
10 厚鋼板（鋼材または材料でもある）
1 Induction heating device (solenoid induction heating device)
2 Inductor coil
3 Transport table
10 Thick steel plate (also steel or material)
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