JP5288420B2 - Non-excited brake cover mounting structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cover mounting structure for a non-excited brake in which braking torque acts in a non-energized state.

  Some industrial vehicles such as forklifts have a non-excited brake for applying a braking torque to a drive shaft (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The non-excitation brake applies braking torque in a non-energized state and releases the braking torque in an energized state (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

  Generally, a non-excitation brake includes a rotor that rotates integrally with a rotating shaft, an armature and a plate that sandwiches the rotor and applies a braking torque to the rotating shaft, and a spring that presses the armature against the rotor, and further counters the pressing force of the spring. And a coil for sucking the armature.

  When the coil is not energized (non-energized state), the armature pushes the rotor by the compressed spring, the rotor is sandwiched between the armature and the plate, and the rotating shaft is braked by the frictional force. When the coil is energized (energized state), the coil exceeds the pressing force of the spring and attracts the armature, the rotor becomes free to rotate and the rotating shaft is released. However, if the coil or the like breaks down and the non-energized state is maintained, the rotating shaft cannot be released by the pressing force of the spring.

  Therefore, even when the non-energized state is maintained, in order to release manually, for example, as described in Patent Document 2, a release lever may be inserted to spread between the plate and the armature. . Further, the armature may be separated from the rotor by screwing a bolt into a screw hole provided in the plate and further tightening it against the pressing force of the spring.

  When releasing using bolts, a working space for installing and removing bolts must be secured, which hinders downsizing of the entire apparatus. Further, if the bolt is left attached to the plate, the operation becomes easy. However, if it is not manually released, it is necessary to provide a gap so as not to contact the armature. In other words, since the bolt cannot be maintained in a completely screwed state, it is necessary to prevent the bolt from loosening and dropping off due to vibration of the vehicle body or causing a braking failure.

  By the way, when the non-excited brake is dry, the braking torque decreases when the friction surface gets wet with water, so a cover for protecting the non-excited brake is required. However, as described above, the manual release of the non-excited brake requires the removal of the cover each time, requiring a large work space and labor.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-255498, FIG. JP 2005-69391 A

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cover mounting structure for a non-excited brake that does not require removal of a cover and can be easily manually released by attaching a bolt in advance.

In order to solve the above problem, the cover mounting structure of the non-excitation brake according to the present invention is:
A stator fixed to the device to be braked,
A plate provided outside the stator, and
A movable armature disposed between the stator and the plate;
A rotor disposed between the armature and the plate and rotatable integrally with the rotating shaft of the device; and a plurality of springs for pressing the armature toward the plate,
It is a cover mounting structure for a non-excited brake that puts the rotor between an armature and a plate and brakes the rotating shaft,
The plate is provided with screw holes extending in the same direction as the armature movement direction,
A cover attached to the outside of the plate;
One spacer attached to the outside of the cover, and a plurality of bolts composed of a shaft portion and a head screwed into the screw hole,
The screw hole is provided at a position that is within the range in which the armature is projected and outside the range in which the rotor is projected, as seen from the axial direction of the rotation axis.
The cover and spacer have a through-hole that allows the shaft of the bolt to pass through coaxially with the screw hole. The through-hole of the spacer communicates with the outside and opens in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the bolt. Yes,
The bolt is provided on the same axis as the spring, and is inserted through the through hole from the outside and screwed into the screw hole, so that the cover and spacer are pressed against the plate by the head and fixed. With the cover and spacer fixed, a gap is secured between the tip and the armature, and when the spacer is removed, the armature can be screwed to move the armature to the position where braking is released. It is formed in the axial length that can be made.

  When the non-excited brake is braking the rotating shaft with the cover and spacer fixed with bolts, the dimensions of the base of the bolt shaft, that is, the outer surface of the spacer to the outer surface of the armature are spacers, covers, and plates. , And the axial dimensions of the rotor. Therefore, in order to secure a gap between the tip of the shaft portion and the armature, the axial length of the shaft portion may be set to be shorter than the total dimension.

  If the armature is in the position where braking is released, the dimensions from the outer surface of the cover to the outer surface of the armature are the axial dimensions of the cover, plate, and rotor, as well as the gap between the rotor and plate, the rotor and armature, This is the sum of the axial dimensions of the gaps. Therefore, in order to move the armature to the position where the braking is released with the bolt, the axial length of the shaft portion may be set to be longer than the total dimension.

  When the axial length of the bolt is set as described above, the axial dimension of the spacer is secured between the tip of the bolt and the armature when braking is applied to the rotating shaft with the cover and spacer fixed. It becomes larger than the axial dimension of the gap. The difference is larger than at least the amount by which the armature moves in the axial direction until the brake is released from the braking state.

  As described above, in the cover mounting structure for the non-excited brake according to the present invention, the cover is mounted on the outside of the plate, and the spacer is mounted on the outside of the cover. In a normal use state, the cover and the spacer are fixed to the plate with a bolt, and the bolt, the cover, and the spacer can be firmly fixed by tightening the bolt. Thus, even if the device to be braked vibrates, the bolts and the like are not loosened and fall off, and the non-excited brake can be reliably protected by the cover. Further, the bolt does not hinder the movement of the armature or the rotation of the rotor, and the non-excited brake can be used without any problem.

  When releasing the brake manually due to a failure of the coil, etc., loosen the bolt once, pull out the spacer, and then screw in the bolt so that the armature is directed to the stator at the tip of the bolt with a force greater than the pressing force of the spring. Press. As a result, the armature can be separated from the rotor, the rotor can be rotated free, and the braking torque can be released.

  Here, since the through hole of the spacer has an open shape, it is possible to remove only the spacer by loosening the bolt without completely removing the bolt. Then, by extracting the spacer, the bolt can be further screwed in by the axial dimension of the spacer. That is, the non-excitation brake can be released manually without removing the cover. In addition, although a work space is necessary, the space necessary for tightening and loosening the bolt is smaller than the space necessary for installing and removing the bolt. In addition, of course, the cover needs to be made larger than the outer shape of the non-excitation brake, but the spacer can be any size that can be sandwiched between the cover and the bolt. Can be made sufficiently smaller than that. Therefore, coupled with the fact that the spacer can be extracted, the space required for attaching / detaching the spacer can be made smaller than that of the cover, so that the entire apparatus can be miniaturized.

  In addition, after the problem is solved, to return from the manual release state to the normal use state, it is only necessary to loosen the bolt, insert the spacer in the original position, and tighten the bolt again to fix the cover and the spacer. At this time, it is not necessary to remove the cover, and the operation can be easily performed. Further, since it is indispensable to attach the spacer in a normal use state, it is possible to determine whether or not the non-excited brake can be used by looking at the spacer without checking the armature or the rotor.

The perspective view which shows the motor provided with the non-excitation brake. Sectional drawing which shows the non-excitation brake of a non-energized state. Sectional drawing which shows the non-excitation brake of a manual release state. The side view which shows the cover etc. of a non-excitation brake.

  Hereinafter, a cover mounting structure for a non-excitation brake according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, the device that is the target of non-excitation braking is a motor 15, and the motor 15 includes a cylindrical housing 10 that extends in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 1. Here, the motor 15 drives a forklift or the like, and the non-excitation brake is used to apply a braking torque to the rotating shaft (drive shaft) 1 of the motor 15.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the non-excited brake of the present embodiment mainly includes a stator 11, a plate 4 provided outside the stator 11, an armature 3 disposed between the stator 11 and the plate 4, and the armature 3. And the plate 4 and the rotor 2 and the spring 5 that presses the armature 3 toward the plate 4. Further, a cover 7 is attached to the plate 4 as will be described later, and the entire non-excitation brake is covered by the cover 7 and the housing 10.

  The stator 11 is formed in an annular shape so as to surround the rotary shaft 1 and includes a coil 6 therein. The stator 11 is fixed to a motor 15 (the outer surface of the housing 10), and the coil 6 is connected to a power source (not shown) and supplied with power from this power source. The plate 4 is formed in a disk shape, and is fixed to the stator 11 so that the inner side surface thereof is maintained at a predetermined distance from the outer side surface of the stator 11. The plate 4 is provided with a screw hole 4a. The armature 3 is formed in a disk shape having substantially the same outer diameter as the plate 4, and is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 1 between the stator 11 and the plate 4. The rotor 2 is formed in a disk shape whose outer diameter is slightly smaller than that of the plate 4 or the armature 3. The rotor 2 is disposed between the plate 4 and the armature 3, and is fixed to the rotating shaft 1, whereby the rotating shaft 1. And can be rotated together. The spring 5 is composed of a compression spring, and extends in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 1 between the stator 11 and the armature 3. As a result, the spring 5 presses the armature 3 toward the plate 4.

  The stator 11, the plate 4, the armature 3, and the rotor 2 are arranged concentrically when viewed from the axial direction of the rotating shaft 1, and the springs 5 are equidistantly spaced on the same circle when viewed from the axial direction of the rotating shaft 1. In the embodiment, they are arranged at intervals of 120 °. Further, the screw holes 4a are equally spaced on the same circle that is smaller than the outer diameter of the armature 3 by the screw diameter and larger than the outer diameter of the rotor 2 by more than the outer diameter of the rotor 2 (120 ° intervals in this embodiment). Is arranged in. Thus, by providing the screw hole 4a between the outer edge of the armature 3 and the outer edge of the rotor 2, manual release can be performed without impairing the original function of the non-excitation brake.

  In a state where the coil 6 is not energized (non-energized state), the armature 3 is pressed toward the plate 4 by the pressing force of the spring 5, and the rotor 2 is sandwiched between the armature 3 and the plate 4. A braking torque acts on the rotating shaft 1 by the frictional force at that time. At this time, a gap 3a is formed between the stator 11 and the armature 3, and the armature 3 can be moved by the gap 3a.

  When the coil 6 is energized (energized state), the armature 3 is attracted to the stator 11 with a force exceeding the pressing force of the spring 5. Here, since the armature 3 moves to the stator 11 side by the gap 3a as described above, a gap is formed on the rotor 2 side by the same amount. As a result, the rotor 2 moves away from the armature 3 and the plate 4 and is free to rotate, and the braking torque of the rotating shaft 1 is released.

  Now, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the non-excited brake of the present embodiment includes a cover 7 attached to the outside of the plate 4 and a spacer 9 attached to the outside of the cover 7. The end of the housing 10 on the side to which the non-excitation brake is attached is formed in a cylindrical shape. By fitting the cover 7 here, the cover 7 and the housing 10 act on the braking torque of the non-excitation brake (the rotor 2, The armature 3 and the plate 4) are configured to be covered. Further, the cover 7 and the spacer 9 are fixed by a bolt 8, and the bolt 8 is also used for manual release of the non-excited brake as will be described later. In this embodiment, the rotor 2 and the armature 3 are covered with the cover 7 and the housing 10, but may be covered only with the cover 7.

  The cover 7 includes a cylindrical portion and a disk portion that closes one end of the cylindrical portion, and has a structure in which the cylindrical portion is fitted into the end portion of the housing 10. A mounting seat projects from the disk portion toward the inside (same side as the cylindrical portion), and the mounting seat comes into contact with the plate 4 when the cylindrical portion of the cover 7 is completely fitted. Thereby, the cover 7 can be fixed to the plate 4. A through hole 7a is provided so as to penetrate from the inner surface of the mounting seat to the outer surface of the disk portion. The through hole 7a is arranged so as to be on the same axis as the screw hole 4a of the plate 4 with the cover 7 fitted in the housing 10, and is formed with an outer diameter equal to or larger than the screw diameter of the screw hole 4a (bolt 8). ing.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the spacer 9 is a single plate member having a predetermined width. In the present embodiment, the three bolts 8 are equally arranged so as to be at the positions of the vertices of the regular triangle when viewed from the axial direction of the rotary shaft 1, and the spacer 9 is formed in a triangle having a space in the center. . The spacer 9 is provided with a through hole 9a, and the through hole 9a is arranged on the same axis as the screw hole 4a of the plate 4 as shown in FIG. The spacer 9 is provided with a notch 20. The notch 20 extends in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the bolt 8 and communicates with the through hole 9a. Thereby, the through hole 9a communicates with the outside and is opened. Moreover, each notch part 20 is extended in the same direction, The outer diameter of the through-hole 9a and the width | variety of the notch part 20 are formed in the magnitude | size beyond the screw diameter of the screw hole 4a (bolt 8). Yes.

  The bolt 8 includes a shaft portion on which a screw is formed and a head portion formed at one end thereof. When the shaft portion of the bolt 8 is screwed into the screw hole 4a through the through hole 9a and the through hole 7a, the head presses the cover 7 and the spacer 9 against the plate 4 and fixes them. Therefore, the heads of the bolts 8 are formed to be slightly larger than the outer diameters of the through holes 9 a and the through holes 7 a and the widths of the notches 20.

Further, as described above, the positions of the holes are on the same circle that is smaller than the outer diameter of the armature 3 by a screw diameter or more and larger than the outer diameter of the rotor 2 by a screw diameter or more. Therefore, since the armature 3 is on the extension of the shaft portion of the bolt 8, the bolt 8 can be applied to the armature 3 by being screwed. On the other hand, since there is no rotor 2 on the extension of the shaft portion of the bolt 8, the bolt 8 does not come into contact with the rotor 2 no matter where the bolt 8 is screwed, and the bolt 8 does not hinder the operation of the rotor 2.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a gap 3b is formed between the tip of the shaft portion of the bolt 8 and the outer surface of the armature 3 in the normal and non-energized state, and the bolt 8 applies braking torque by the armature 3 by this gap 3b. Not disturb. That is, the axial length of the shaft portion of the bolt 8 is set shorter than the sum of the axial dimensions of the spacer 9, the cover 7, the plate 4, and the rotor 2 at the portion through which the bolt 8 is passed. . Further, in order to move the armature 3 to a position where the braking is released as will be described later, the axial length of the shaft portion of the bolt 8 is the cover 7, the plate 4, the rotor at the portion where the bolt 8 is passed. 2 and the axial dimension of the gap between the rotor 2 and the plate 4 and the axial dimension of the gap between the rotor 2 and the armature 3 are set longer.

When the axial length of the shaft portion of the bolt 8 is set in this way, the thickness 9b of the spacer 9 is formed larger than the gap 3b. The difference between the thickness 9b and the gap 3b is larger than the amount by which the armature 3 moves in the axial direction until the braking state is released from the braking state.

  Next, a procedure for manually releasing the braking torque will be described. In the non-excitation brake, the spring 5 always presses the armature 3 in the non-energized state. Therefore, in a state where the coil 6 cannot be energized, such as at the time of failure, the rotor 2 is maintained between the armature 3 and the plate 4 regardless of whether or not it is necessary, and braking torque acts on the rotary shaft 1. Therefore, when the coil 6 cannot be energized but the rotating shaft 1 needs to be rotated, for example, when a broken forklift or the like is moved by a small distance, the rotor 2 and the Release rotating shaft 1.

  As described above, since each through hole 9a of the spacer 9 is opened in the same direction by the notch portion 20, the bolt 8 can be loosened and the spacer 9 can be slid along the notch portion 20 to be removed. When the spacer 9 is removed in this way, a gap corresponding to the thickness 9b of the spacer 9 is formed between the head of the bolt 8 and the cover 7, so that there is a margin for screwing the bolt 8 by this gap. When the spacer 9 is removed and the bolt 8 is screwed in, the tip of the shaft portion of the bolt 8 hits the outer surface of the armature 3. From there, the bolt 8 is further screwed against the pressing force of the spring 5, and the bolt 8 is screwed until the rotor 2 is free to rotate away from the armature 3 and the plate 4 as shown in FIG. Thereby, the rotating shaft 1 is released.

  On the other hand, to return to the state where the braking torque can be applied again, first, the bolt 8 is loosened so that the head of the bolt 8 is separated from the cover 7 beyond the thickness 9b of the spacer 9. Then, spacers 9 are inserted between the heads of the bolts 8 and the cover 7 so that the bolts 8 fit into the notches 20. The spacer 9 is slid so that the bolt 8 comes to the position of the through hole 9 a, and then the bolt 8 is tightened to fix the cover 7 and the spacer 9 to the plate 4.

  Thus, it is not necessary to remove the cover 7 and only the spacer 9 smaller than the cover 7 is slid and removed, so that the manual release work can be performed in a small work space. In addition, since the bolts 8 are attached in advance, it is possible to start the work promptly without the trouble of searching for the bolts 8 or carrying them in from another work place. Further, since it is tightened together with the spacer 7 at normal time, it does not fall off due to vibration of the motor 15 or the vehicle body. Furthermore, manual release can be easily performed by using the spacer 7. Of course, the non-excited brake can be reliably protected by the cover 7 and the housing 10 to prevent the occurrence of malfunctions such as performance degradation.

  In the present embodiment, the bolt 8 is provided on the same axis as the spring 5. As a result, when the bolts 8 are tightened one by one, the pressing force of each spring 5 can be coaxially opposed, so that the pressing force of the spring 5 is appropriately prevented and the bolts 8 are tightened evenly. be able to. Even when the bolt 8 is not provided on the same axis as the spring 5, it is desirable to arrange it at a closer position, and it is desirable to apply an equal force. Further, in the present embodiment, one spacer 9 is used to reduce the labor, but a plurality of spacers 9 may be provided for each bolt 8. In this way, each spacer 9 can be further downsized.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating shaft 2 Rotor 3 Armature 3a Gap 3b between the tip of the bolt and the armature 4b Gap between the stator and the armature 4 Plate 4a Screw hole 5 Spring 6 Coil 7 Cover 8 Bolt 9 Spacer 11 Stator

Claims (1)

A stator fixed to a device to be braked, a plate provided apart from the stator, a movable armature disposed between the stator and the plate, and the armature and the plate A rotor disposed in between and rotatable integrally with a rotation shaft of the device, and a plurality of springs pressing the armature against the plate, and sandwiching the rotor between the armature and the plate A cover mounting structure for a non-excited brake that applies braking to the rotating shaft,
The plate is provided with a screw hole extending in the same direction as the movement direction of the armature, a cover attached to the outside of the plate, a spacer attached to the outside of the cover, and a screw threaded into the screw hole. A plurality of bolts composed of a shaft portion and a head to be combined,
The screw hole is provided at a position that is within a range in which the armature is projected and outside a range in which the rotor is projected, as viewed from the axial direction of the rotation shaft,
In the cover and the spacer, a through hole through which the shaft portion of the bolt can pass is formed coaxially with the screw hole, and the through hole of the spacer communicates with the outside and is perpendicular to the axial direction of the bolt It was opened in
The bolt is provided on the same axis as the spring, and is inserted from the outside through the through hole and screwed into the screw hole, thereby pressing the cover and the spacer against the plate by the head. The shaft portion is secured to the armature by securing a gap between the tip and the armature when the cover and the spacer are fixed, and screwed when the spacer is removed. A cover mounting structure for a non-excited brake, characterized in that it is formed in an axial length that can be moved to a position where braking is released by pushing the armature.

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