JP5278198B2 - Encoder and mounting method of encoder - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an encoder and an encoder mounting method.

  For example, an encoder is known as a device that detects the rotation speed and rotation angle of a rotating body such as a rotating shaft of a motor (Patent Document 1). The encoder is used by being attached to a rotating shaft of a motor, for example. As a specific configuration of the encoder, for example, a rotating part on which a pattern such as an optical pattern or a magnetic pattern is formed is rotated integrally with a rotating shaft, and for example, by reading the pattern, the rotational speed and rotating angle of the rotating shaft of the motor Can be detected.

  In general, in the encoder configured as described above, a rotating unit that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft and a detecting unit that detects a pattern, for example, are formed separately. For this reason, when attaching an encoder to the rotating shaft of a motor, etc., a rotation part and a detection part are attached separately.

JP 2004-20548 A

  However, when the rotation unit and the detection unit are attached separately, for example, if an error in the attachment position occurs, the detection accuracy in the detection unit may decrease. For this reason, for example, there is a problem that the attaching operation becomes complicated, for example, it is necessary to perform an adjusting operation such as signal adjustment between the rotating part and the detecting part after attaching each part.

  In view of the circumstances as described above, an object of the present invention is to provide an encoder and an encoder mounting method that can simplify the mounting operation.

  The encoder according to the present invention includes a rotating part having a pattern, a detecting part for detecting the pattern, and a base part detachably fixed to the rotating part, and the base part between the base part and the base part. A movement restricting portion that is provided so as to be relatively movable in the rotation axis direction of the rotation portion and restricts the movement of the base portion in a direction different from the rotation axis direction.

  The encoder mounting method according to the present invention includes a rotating part having a pattern, a base part having a detecting part for detecting the pattern and being detachably fixed between the rotating part and the base part. The rotating portion of the encoder having a movement restricting portion that is provided so as to be relatively movable in the rotating shaft direction of the rotating portion and restricts the movement of the base portion in a direction different from the rotating shaft direction. A rotating part fixing step for fixing to the rotating shaft member, and after the rotating part fixing step, using the movement restricting part to restrict movement of the base part in a direction different from the rotating shaft direction, A separation step of separating the portion from the rotating portion in the direction of the rotation axis, and a detecting portion fixing step of fixing the base portion separated from the rotating portion to the non-rotating portion of the measurement object.

  According to the present invention, the mounting operation can be simplified.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing an overall configuration of an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention. The figure which shows the structure by the rotating shaft direction view of the encoder which concerns on this embodiment. Sectional drawing which shows the structure before attachment of the encoder which concerns on this embodiment. The figure which shows the attachment procedure of the encoder which concerns on this embodiment. The figure which shows the attachment procedure of the encoder which concerns on this embodiment. The figure which shows the attachment procedure of the encoder which concerns on this embodiment.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration after the encoder EC according to this embodiment is attached.
As shown in FIG. 1, the encoder EC is a device that detects, for example, the rotational speed or rotational angle of a rotating body such as a rotating shaft 40 of a motor MTR (measurement target).

  In the following description, an XYZ orthogonal coordinate system is set, and the positional relationship of each member will be described with reference to this XYZ orthogonal coordinate system. Specifically, the axial direction of the rotating shaft 40 of the motor MTR is the Z-axis direction, the predetermined direction in the plane orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 40 is the X-axis direction, and the direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction in the plane is The Y-axis direction is assumed. Further, the rotation (inclination) directions around the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis are the θX, θY, and θZ directions, respectively. For example, the rotation direction of the rotation shaft 40 is the θZ direction.

  The encoder EC according to the present embodiment can detect the rotation speed, the rotation angle, and the like by detecting light via an optical pattern, for example. The encoder EC has a rotating part R, a base part B, and a movement restricting part L. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration when the encoder EC is viewed in the −Z direction. Hereinafter, the configuration of the encoder EC will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

  The rotating part R is fixed to the rotating shaft 40 of the motor MTR and is a part that rotates together with the rotating shaft 40. The rotating part R has a disk member 10. The disk member 10 is integrally fixed to the rotating shaft 40 via a fixing member 50, for example. The disk member 10 is attached to the rotating shaft 40 so that the center when viewed in the Z direction coincides with the center of the rotating shaft 40 when viewed in the Z direction. The disk member 10 rotates in the θZ direction with the rotation of the rotating shaft 40. The disk member 10 is made of a highly rigid material such as SUS, and has excellent deformation resistance. Other materials may be used as the constituent material of the disk member 10.

  The disk member 10 has a mounting portion 11 and a pattern forming portion 12. The attachment portion 11 is provided to protrude toward the lower surface 10b side of the disk member 10, for example. The attachment portion 11 is formed with an insertion hole 11a at a central portion in plan view. The rotation shaft 40 of the motor MTR is inserted into the insertion hole 11a. The rotating shaft 40 of the motor MTR is fixed by a fixing member 50 in a state of being inserted into the insertion hole 11a.

  The insertion hole 11a has an enlarged diameter portion 11b on the + X side in the drawing, for example. The enlarged diameter portion 11 b is a portion that is engaged with the protruding portion 40 a of the rotating shaft 40. The protruding portion 40a is a portion formed to protrude in the radial direction of rotation of the rotary shaft 40. The engagement between the enlarged diameter portion 11b and the protrusion 40a makes it easy for the rotation of the rotation shaft 40 to be transmitted to the rotation portion R, and restricts the rotation of the rotation portion R when the rotation of the rotation shaft 40 is stopped. It has become easier. A thread 11c is formed on the outer surface of the attachment portion 11 along the θZ direction. The screw thread 11 c is disposed at the −Z side end of the attachment portion 11.

  The pattern forming portion 12 is a disk-shaped portion provided around the attachment portion 11. A light transmissive pattern 12a is formed in the pattern forming portion. The light transmission pattern 12 a is formed in an annular region along the outer periphery of the disk member 10 on the upper surface 10 a of the disk member 10. The light transmissive pattern 12a has a configuration in which a light transmissive material is embedded in a penetrating portion that penetrates the upper surface 10a and the lower surface 10b of the disk member 10, for example.

  The base portion B is fixed to the motor MTR and is provided so as to surround the rotating portion R. The base part B has a detection part 30 and a main body part 35. The detection unit 30 is disposed on the + Z side of the rotation unit R, and includes a detection substrate 31 and a light receiving unit 32 b of the optical sensor 32.

  The detection substrate 31 is a plate-like member formed in a circular shape in plan view, for example. The detection substrate 31 is fixed to the motor MTR via the main body portion 35. Therefore, even if the rotating shaft 40 rotates, the relative position between the detection substrate 31 and the motor MTR does not change.

  The detection substrate 31 has a through hole 31a in the center portion in plan view. The through hole 31a is formed in a circular shape in plan view, for example. The through hole 31a is formed, for example, so as to have a diameter larger than the diameter of the head portion 50a of the fixing member 50 when viewed in the Z direction, and the fixing member 50 can pass through the through hole 31a.

  The light receiving portion 32b of the optical sensor 32 is disposed at a position overlapping the light transmission pattern 12a when viewed in the Z direction, for example. The light receiving unit 32b receives light that travels straight through the light transmission pattern 12a in the + Z direction and converts it into an electrical signal. The converted electrical signal is transmitted to a control device (not shown), for example. In the control device, the moving angle of the rotating shaft 40 and the like are calculated based on the electrical signal.

  The main body part 35 includes a mold member 36 and a light emitting part 32 a of the optical sensor 32. The mold member 36 is formed in a cylindrical shape, for example. A space surrounded by the inner surface 36 a of the mold member 36 is a housing portion that houses the disk member 10. A step 36 b is provided on the inner surface 36 a of the mold member 36. The step portion 36 b is formed toward the center of the mold member 36 as viewed in the Z direction. The step portion 36 b is formed so as to surround the rotating shaft 40 and the attachment portion 11 of the disk member 10. For example, the + Z side end of the rotating shaft 40 protrudes to the + Z side from the upper surface of the stepped portion 36b. For this reason, the encoder EC is attached to the motor MTR so that the rotary shaft 40 penetrates the hollow space K surrounded by the inner surface 36f of the step portion 36b.

  The light emitting part 32a of the optical sensor 32 is embedded in the step part 36b. The light emitting unit 32a is arranged to emit light in the + Z direction. The light emitting unit 32a is disposed at a position overlapping the light receiving unit 32b of the optical sensor 32 as viewed in the Z direction. The light emitted from the light emitting unit 32a goes straight toward the light receiving unit 32b. Thus, in this embodiment, the light emission part 32a and the light-receiving part 32b are arrange | positioned in the position which pinches | interposes the disk member 10 to a Z direction, and the optical sensor 32 is comprised by the said light emission part 32a and the light-receiving part 32b.

  A screwing portion 36c (screw mechanism) is formed on the inner surface 36f of the stepped portion 36b. A screw thread 36d is formed in the screwing portion 36c. The screw thread 36d is formed along the θZ direction so as to mesh with the screw thread 11c formed in the mounting portion 11. By engaging the screw thread 36d of the screwing part 36c and the screw thread 11c of the mounting part 11, the rotating part R and the base part B can be screwed together and fixed.

  A flange portion 37 is formed on the outer surface 36 e of the mold member 36. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the flange portion 37 is formed in an annular shape along the outer surface 36e of the mold member 36, and has notches 37a at a plurality of locations (two locations in FIG. 2). As shown in FIG. 2, the flange portion 37 is fixed to the movement restricting portion L and the motor MTR by a fixing member 52. As the fixing member 52, for example, a screw member or the like can be used. A fitting portion 38 for fitting into the movement restricting portion L is formed at the −Z side end portion of the mold member 36. The side surface 38a of the fitting portion 38 is formed along the Z direction.

  The movement restricting portion L has an inlay unit 60. The inlay unit 60 is disposed on the −Z side of the base portion B in FIG. 1. The inlay unit 60 is fixed to the motor MTR by a fixing member 51 (for example, a screw). For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the fixing member 51 is provided at a position corresponding to the notch portion 37 a of the flange portion 37 as viewed in the Z direction. The head portion 51a of the fixing member 51 is formed to have a smaller size than the cutout portion 37a.

  The inlay unit 60 is formed in an annular shape when viewed in the Z direction, and is formed so that the central portion is concave with respect to the peripheral edge portion 61 (concave portion 62). In the recessed portion 62 of the inlay unit 60, the insertion portion 38 of the base portion B is inserted. The inner surface 62a of the recess 62 is formed along the Z direction. The recess 62 is formed in a shape corresponding to the shape of the insertion portion 38, and the insertion portion 38 is inserted into the recess 62 without a gap. The movement restricting portion L is provided integrally with the base portion B by fitting the fitting portion 38 and the concave portion 62. A through hole 63 through which the rotation shaft 40 passes is formed in the center of the recess 62. The bottom surface 60a of the inlay unit 60 is in contact with the motor MTR without any gap, for example.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state before the encoder EC is attached to the motor MTR.
As shown in the figure, in the encoder EC in a state before attachment, the movement restricting portion L, the rotating portion R, and the base portion B are integrated. Specifically, the encoder EC is screwed in a state where the screw thread 11c of the rotating part R and the screw thread 36d of the main body part 35 are engaged with each other.

  A hole 10c into which the fixing member 50 is fitted is formed in the encoder EC before attachment. The fitting portion 38 of the mold member 36 is fitted into the recess 62 of the inlay unit 60. The fitting between the recessed portion 62 and the fitting portion 38 is released by pulling the mold member 36 and the inlay unit 60 apart in the Z direction.

  In a state where the rotating part R and the base part B are screwed together, the light transmission pattern 12a formed on the disk member 10 and the light emitting part 32a and the light receiving part 32b of the optical sensor 32 substantially coincide with each other when viewed in the Z direction. Is arranged. In this manner, the movement restricting portion L, the rotating portion R, and the base portion B are positioned by screwing the rotating portion R and the base portion B together.

Next, a procedure for attaching the encoder EC having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 to the motor MTR will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 4, the rotating part R of the encoder EC fixed integrally (encoder EC in the state shown in FIG. 3) is fixed to the rotating shaft 40 of the motor MTR (rotating part fixing step). In this step, the rotating shaft 40 is inserted into the insertion hole 11a while the rotating portion R and the base portion B are screwed together. In the process of inserting the rotary shaft 40 into the insertion hole 11a, the rotary shaft 40 is inserted into the hollow space K surrounded by the inner surface 36f of the mold member 36. After the rotary shaft 40 is inserted into the insertion hole 11a, the rotary shaft 40 is pushed into the insertion hole 11a until the + Z side end of the rotary shaft 40 abuts against the ceiling portion of the insertion hole 11a. At this time, the protruding portion 40a of the rotating shaft 40 is engaged with the enlarged diameter portion 11b of the insertion hole 11a.

  In a state where the rotating shaft 40 is pushed into the insertion hole 11a, the distance between the bottom surface 60a of the inlay unit 60 and the motor MTR is smaller than the fitting depth (dimension in the Z direction) between the recess 62 and the fitting portion 38. Need to be. In the state where the rotating shaft 40 is pushed in, the fitting depth can be adjusted by adjusting the screwing depth (dimension in the Z direction) between the rotating part R and the base part B, for example. It is. For this reason, it is preferable to adjust the screwing depth (dimension in the Z direction) between the rotating part R and the base part B in advance.

  Next, the fixing member 50 is fitted into the hole 10 c through the through hole 31 a from the outside of the detection substrate 31, and the rotating portion R and the rotating shaft 40 are fastened using the fixing member 50. By fixing the rotating part R to the rotating shaft 40, relative movement in the X direction, Y direction, and Z direction between the rotating part R and the rotating shaft 40 (motor MTR) is restricted. As described above, in the rotating portion fixing step, the rotating shaft 40 is fixed so as to penetrate through the hollow space surrounded by the inner surface 36a of the mold member 36.

  After the rotating part R is fixed to the rotating shaft 40, a process of separating the rotating part R and the base part B while restricting the movement of the base part B in the X direction and the Y direction by the movement restricting part L is performed ( Separation step). Hereinafter, the separation step will be described in order.

  First, as shown in FIG. 5, the inlay unit 60 is moved in the −Z direction, and the bottom surface 60 a of the inlay unit 60 is brought into contact with the motor MTR. After the bottom surface 60 a of the inlay unit 60 is brought into contact with the motor MTR, the inlay unit 60 is fixed to the motor MTR using the fixing member 51.

  In the above process, since the rotating part R and the motor MTR are fixed by the fixing member 50, and the rotating part R and the base part B are fixed by screwing, the rotating part R, the base part B, and the motor Only the inlay unit 60 moves to the −Z side without moving the MTR. Further, since the distance between the bottom surface 60a of the inlay unit 60 and the motor MTR is smaller than the fitting depth between the recess 62 and the fitting portion 38, the bottom surface 60a of the inlay unit 60 is in contact with the motor MTR. The part of the fitting part 38 (the end on the −Z side) remains fitted in the concave part 62.

  Between the base part B and the movement restricting part L, the movement in the X direction and the Y direction is restricted by the engagement of the fitting part 38 and the recessed part 62. Further, the movement in the X direction and the Y direction is restricted between the base portion B and the rotating portion R by screwing. For this reason, the base part B is restricted from moving in the X direction and the Y direction by both the rotating part R and the movement restricting part L.

  In this state, as shown in FIG. 6, the base portion B and the movement restricting portion L are relatively rotated in a direction (+ θZ direction or −θZ direction) in which the engagement between the screw thread 11 c and the screw thread 36 d is loosened. The rotating part R is fixed to the rotating shaft 40 (motor MTR) via a fixing member 50, and the movement restricting part L is fixed to the motor MTR via a fixing member 51. Thus, since the rotation part R and the movement control part L are being fixed integrally, only the base | substrate part B will move, without the rotation part R and the movement control part L moving.

  The base part B moves in a direction in which the screwing with the rotating part R is disengaged, that is, in a direction approaching the movement restricting part L. Since a part of the insertion portion 38 moves while being fitted in the recess 62, the base B moves along the formation direction (Z direction) of the recess 62 without moving in the X direction and the Y direction. When the engagement between the screw thread 11c and the screw thread 36d is released, the rotating part R and the base part B are separated. In this way, the rotating part R and the base part B are separated.

  After the rotating part R and the base part B are separated, the insertion part 38 of the base part B and the concave part 62 of the movement restricting part L are engaged. Since both the side surface 38a of the fitting portion 38 and the inner surface 62a of the concave portion 62 are formed along the Z direction, even after the rotation portion R and the base portion B are separated from each other, this engagement causes the X direction of the base portion B and Movement in the Y direction is restricted.

  Next, after separating the rotating part R from the base part B, the base part B is further moved to the −Z side, for example, by pressing the base part B and the motor MTR so as to be relatively close to each other. With this movement, the insertion portion 38 is fitted into the recess 62 without a gap in a state where the movement of the base portion B in the X direction and the Y direction is restricted. After fitting the fitting portion 38 into the recess 62, the flange portion 37 of the mold member 36 is fixed to the inlay unit 60 and the motor MTR using the fixing member 52 (see FIG. 2) (detection portion fixing step). Thus, the attachment of the encoder EC is completed.

Next, the operation of the encoder EC attached to the motor MTR through the above steps will be described.
When the rotating shaft 40 of the motor MTR rotates, the rotating portion R fixed to the rotating shaft 40 rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 40. The base part B is not connected to or in contact with the rotary shaft 40, and thus remains stationary without rotating.

  When the rotation part R rotates, the light transmission pattern 12a formed in the rotation part R moves in the rotation direction. The light emitting unit 32a emits light to the moving light transmission pattern 12a. The light transmitted through the light transmission pattern 12a reaches the light receiving unit 32b. In the light receiving unit 32b, the transmitted light is read, converted into an electric signal, and transmitted to the control device. The control device detects the movement angle of the light transmission pattern 12a based on the transmitted electrical signal.

  Thus, according to this embodiment, the rotating part R and the base part B can be attached to the motor MTR in a fixed state without being separated. For this reason, the error of the attachment position between the rotation part R and the base | substrate part B does not arise, and since adjustments, such as signal adjustment, become unnecessary, attachment work can be simplified.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and appropriate modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the base B is configured to detect the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 40 using only the optical sensor 32. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a magnetic sensor (not shown) is used. A configuration for performing detection may be used. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which can detect using both the optical sensor 32 and a magnetic sensor.

  In the above embodiment, the light emitting unit 32a and the light receiving unit 32b of the optical sensor 32 are arranged at positions where the disk member 10 is sandwiched in the Z direction, and the light transmitted through the light transmission pattern 12a is detected. It is not limited to this. For example, the light emitting part and the light receiving part of the optical sensor 32 are arranged on the same side in the Z direction of the disk member 10, and a light reflection pattern is formed on the disk member 10 to detect light reflected by the light reflection pattern. It does not matter.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure using the inlay unit 60 as the movement control part L which controls the movement to the X direction and the Y direction of the base part B, it is not restricted to this, A base part Of course, other configurations may be used as long as the movement of B in the X direction and the Y direction can be restricted.

  In the above embodiment, the procedure is such that the inlay unit 60 is moved in the −Z direction and then completely fixed to the motor MTR by using the fixing member 51. However, the procedure is not limited to this. You may make it perform temporary fixing (for example, adhesion | attachment using an adhesive agent) of the grade which 60 does not move to a Z direction. In this case, for example, when the mold member 36 is fixed to the motor MTR, the flange portion 37 and the inlay unit 60 of the mold member 36 may be collectively fixed to the motor MTR using the fixing member 52, for example.

  EC ... Encoder MTR ... Motor R ... Rotating part B ... Base part L ... Movement restricting part 10 ... Disk member 11 ... Mounting part 12 ... Pattern forming part 12a ... Light transmission pattern 32 ... Optical sensor 32a ... Light emitting part 32b ... Light receiving part 35 ... Body part 36 ... Mold member 36f ... Inner face 36c ... Screw part 38 ... Fitting part 38a ... Side face 40 ... Rotary shaft 60 ... Inlay unit 62 ... Recess 62a ... Inner face

Claims (9)

A rotating part having a pattern;
A base part that has a detection part for detecting the pattern and is detachably fixed to the rotating part;
A first movement restricting portion provided in a part of the base portion and projecting in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotating portion;
The first movement restricting portion has a recessed portion that can be fitted, and the first movement restricting portion is fitted in the recessed portion in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotating portion between the first movement restricting portion and the first movement restricting portion. An encoder comprising: a second movement restricting portion that is relatively movable and restricts movement of the base portion in a direction different from the rotation axis direction. The base portion has a hollow portion formed in a hollow shape,
The encoder according to claim 1, wherein the rotating part is fixed to an inner surface of the hollow part. The base portion has a screw mechanism on the inner surface of the hollow portion,
The encoder according to claim 2, wherein the rotating part is fixed via the screw mechanism. The rotating part has a fixing part to be fixed to the rotating shaft member at one end in the rotating shaft direction,
The encoder according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the rotating shaft member is fixed to the fixing portion in a state of passing through the hollow portion. The first movement restricting portion has a side surface formed along the rotation axis direction,
The concave portion has an inner surface formed along the rotation axis direction,
5. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein the first movement restricting portion and the concave portion are engaged with the side surface and the inner surface . 6. A rotating part having a pattern; a base part having a detecting part for detecting the pattern; and a base part detachably fixed to the rotating part; and a rotation axis direction of the rotating part provided in a part of the base part Between the first movement restricting portion and the first movement restricting portion in a state where the first movement restricting portion is fitted in the recess. The rotary portion of the encoder having a second movement restriction portion that is provided so as to be relatively movable in the rotation axis direction of the rotation portion and restricts the movement of the base portion in a direction different from the rotation axis direction. A rotating part fixing step for fixing the rotating shaft member to be measured;
After the rotating part fixing step, the base part while restricting the movement of the first movement restricting part in a direction different from the rotation axis direction with the first movement restricting part fitted in the recess. Separating the rotating part in the direction of the rotation axis;
A detector fixing step of fixing the base portion separated from the rotating portion to the non-rotating portion of the measurement object. The base portion has a hollow portion formed in a hollow shape,
The encoder mounting method according to claim 6, wherein the rotating part fixing step includes fixing the rotating shaft member to the rotating part so as to penetrate the hollow part. The base portion has a screw mechanism formed on the inner surface of the hollow portion along the rotation axis direction,
The rotating part is fixed to the base part via the screw mechanism,
The encoder mounting method according to claim 7, wherein the separating step includes separating the base portion along the screw mechanism. The separation step includes
Moving the second movement restricting portion in the rotation axis direction while the first movement restricting portion is fitted in the recess;
The encoder according to any one of claims 6 to 8 , further comprising: separating the base by moving the base along a direction in which the concave portion is formed. installation method.

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