JP5271356B2 - 動物飼料のためのバイオソリッドに基づく食品添加物の製造方法 - Google Patents
動物飼料のためのバイオソリッドに基づく食品添加物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2007年11月1日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/984,653号(すべての目的のために参考としてその全体が本明細書に援用される)に対し優先権を主張する。
本発明は、有機性物質を含有する排水流において増殖した微生物からタンパク質性動物飼料又は動物飼料添加物を調製するための方法、本発明の方法を行うための排水処理ユニット、及びそのビジネス方法に関する。
動物(例えば、トリ、魚、ウシなど)用商業的食品供給物は、栄養素(例えば、タンパク質、ビタミン、ミネラル、脂肪、及び炭水化物)、例えば、丸ごとの非加工食品材料(例えば、肉もしくは植物)、副産物加工食品(例えば、魚粉、大豆ミール、ナッツミールなど)、及び他の食品の製造において生じる廃棄副産物(例えば、粗引き小麦粉、骨粉、血粉、羽毛粉など)を含み得る生の成分又は食品添加物からなる。飼料処方において別の食品添加物を用いるための主な動機付けの1つは、タンパク質成分のコストを抑えることである。魚粉は、特に、水産養殖、ブタ、家禽、及びペットフード産業において、動物用食品のタンパク質の一般的供給源を提供する。しかし、食品添加物として魚粉を使用するには、多くの欠点がある。世界の水産養殖業の魚粉の需要が連続的に増加したため、世界の漁業に過度の歪みが生じ、そして過剰漁獲により、野生の漁業資源が枯渇する可能性がある。いくらかの最近の科学雑誌及び大衆記事は、野生魚の漁獲量の減少が共通認識として顕在化しつつあること、及び経済的及び生態学的に重要な漁業資源の破綻が差し迫っている可能性があることを指摘している(例えば、Watson and Pauley, Nature, vol. 414 (2001), pp. 534-536;Myers and Worm, Nature, vol. 423 (2003), pp. 280-283;及びSpecial Report: The Global Fish Crisis, National Geographic, vol. 211. no. 4 (2007), pp. 32-99を参照のこと)。加えて、季節変動及び気象事象(例えば、エルニーニョ、ラニーニャ)が、魚粉の市場価格に影響を及ぼす。
一実施形態では、本発明は:代謝可能な成分を含む水性廃棄流を、少なくとも1つの細菌培養物を含有する増殖容器に第1の流速で加える工程と;前記水性廃棄流の代謝可能な成分の少なくとも一部を代謝することによって、前記少なくとも1つの細菌培養物の細菌を前記増殖容器において増殖させ、それによって、水性バルク液体において細菌懸濁液を形成させる工程であって、ここで、前記水性バルク液体は、前記水性廃棄流と比較して代謝可能な成分が枯渇する、工程と;前記水性バルク液体から前記細菌懸濁液の一部を分離し、それによって、細菌塊を形成する工程と;細菌塊を第2の流速で取り出す工程と;第3の流速で前記細菌塊の一部を増殖容器に戻す工程と;第4の流速で前記水性バルク液体の一部を取り出す工程であって、ここで、前記水性バルク液体は、浮遊物質を実質的に全く含まない、工程と;第2の流速を調整して、約8日間以下の前記細菌のMCRTを提供する工程と;前記取り出された細菌塊を、MWRT−MCRT≦約2日間である期間内に乾燥する工程とを含む、方法に関する。
すべての引用文献は、あらゆる目的のために本明細書においてそれらの全体が参考として援用され;任意の文献の引用は、それが本発明の先行技術であることを認めたものと解釈されるべきではない。
ポテト加工及び醸造副産物を、バイオソリッドを生成するための食品加工排水流のモデルとして評価した。科学的に厳格な給餌試験中、40%タンパク質を含有する細菌を、粉砕した飼料処方物に、0%(コントロール食餌番号1)、21.5%(食餌2)、及び43%(食餌番号3)に、質量に基づいて添加し、そしてペレットに押し出し形成した。(結果として、細菌細胞は、最終食餌中0%、8.4%及び16.8%の全タンパク質に寄与した。)次いで、ティアピアの幼魚(300匹の幼期ナイルティラピア(Oreochromis niloticus fry))を、小、中、及び大の魚からなる「ブロック」に分け、そして3種類のうちの1つの食餌を給餌した。成長の結果は、細菌タンパク質を摂取した魚が、従来の成分のみを摂取した魚よりも速く成長したことを示す(図9)。実験の完了時、魚を安楽死させ、そしてケルダール窒素(タンパク質測定として)、灰分、及び全脂肪分について、全身分析を実施した。これらの分析結果の平均及び95%信頼区間を表1及び図10に示すが、これらは、43%の細菌細胞由来のタンパク質(別名単一細胞タンパク質、即ちSCP)を摂取した魚が、ケルダール−Nの最も高い平均量を有し、そしてコントロールの魚と統計的に同一であったことを示す。21.5%のSCPを摂取した魚は、僅かに低いケルダール−N濃度を示した。43%のSCP食餌を給仕した魚もまた、最も高い量の灰分を含有したが、21.5%の食餌を摂取した魚は、最も低い灰含有量を有し、そしてすべての食餌群において、魚は同一の脂肪含有量を示した。これらの有望な結果から、世界中の大量の食品加工副産物を利用すると、水産養殖業に優位な有益性がもたらされ得ることが示される。
5000mg/LのBODレベルを有する排水流(嫌気的前処置を行わない)を、1分間あたり3ガロンの速度で、1回分の醸造を供する排水処理の曝気槽から得られる同定されていない細菌の混合型集落を含有する8800ガロンの連続撹拌タンク反応器(CSTR)に導入した。活性スラッジは、曝気槽に戻さなかったため、約2日間の水理学的滞留時間(HRT)は、MCRTに等しかった。微生物に、それぞれ、尿素及びリン酸の形で過剰の窒素及びリン、並びに上記のような微量栄養金属の水性混合物を供給した。微量栄養素は、最終混合物の<1重量%の濃度での可溶性アルミニウム化合物、最終混合物の<1重量%の濃度でのホウ酸、最終混合物の<1重量%の濃度でのクエン酸、最終混合物の1〜5重量%の濃度での硫酸コバルト、最終混合物の1〜5重量%の濃度での硫酸銅、最終混合物の1〜5重量%の濃度での塩化鉄、最終混合物の1〜5重量%の濃度での硫酸マンガン、最終混合物の1〜5重量%の濃度での塩化ニッケル、最終混合物の1〜5重量%の濃度でのモリブデンナトリウム、最終混合物の<1重量%の濃度での酵母抽出物、及び最終混合物の1〜5重量%の濃度での硫酸亜鉛からなった。この微量栄養素混合物を、曝気タンクに送達される250mLの排水あたり1μLに等価な用量で添加した。従って、プロセス操作条件は、約2.5日間のMWRT値、及び約0.5日間のMWRT−MCRTを提供した。バイオマスを、CSTRから取り出し、そして高速連続遠心分離において、6000重力で、約6%の固体含有量まで脱水した。次いで、脱水したバイオマスを、68℃で約12時間、乾燥し、そしてバッグに充填して、水分の再吸着を防止した。上記のプロセスによって調製される単一細胞タンパク質は、以下の特性を有した:
Claims (21)
- 代謝可能な成分を含む排水を、少なくとも1つの細菌培養物を含有する増殖容器に加える工程と;
前記排水の代謝可能な成分の少なくとも一部を代謝することによって、前記少なくとも1つの細菌培養物の細菌を前記増殖容器において増殖させ、それによって、前記増殖容器内の水性の液体において細菌懸濁液を形成する工程であって、前記増殖容器内の水性の液体においては、前記排水と比較して代謝可能な成分が枯渇する工程と;
前記増殖容器内の水性の液体から前記細菌懸濁液の一部を分離し、それによって、細菌塊を形成する工程と;
前記細菌塊を取り出す工程と;
前記増殖容器内の水性の液体の一部を取り出す工程であって、前記増殖容器内の水性の液体は、浮遊物質を含まない工程と;
前記細菌塊を取り出す流速を調整して、前記増殖容器を含む排水処理プロセスの平均細胞保持時間(MCRT)を8日間以下にする工程と;
平均廃棄物滞留時間をMWRTとして、前記取り出された細菌塊を、MWRT−MCRT≦2日間である期間内に乾燥し、乾燥した細菌塊を回収する工程と
を含み、
前記MCRTは、前記廃水処理プロセス中の全細菌塊の質量を、1日あたりに取り出した細菌塊の質量で除することによって得られ、
前記MWRTは、前記排水プロセス中の炭素の全質量を、1日あたりに回収された乾燥した細菌塊中の炭素の全質量で除することによって得られる、
方法。 - 前記MCRTは6日間以下である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分離工程は、比重分離、溶存空気浮上、又は膜バイオリアクターによって行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記増殖容器に加えられた前記排水は、ヒト又は動物用食品を製造する食品加工工場由来の溶解及び/又は懸濁した代謝可能な食品又は飲料副産物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥工程は、1日間以下の期間、65℃〜95℃の温度で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥工程は、80℃の温度で1日間以下の期間、行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの細菌培養物は、遺伝子改変された細菌、ミクロコッカス(Micrococci)、バチルス(Bacilli)、フラボバクテリア(Flavobacteria)、メタン生成菌、シュードモナ(Pseudomona)、ニトロソモナ(Nitrosomona)、ニトロバクテリ(Nitrobacteri)、硝化細菌、好気性従属栄養細菌、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される細菌を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥工程の前に、前記取り出された細菌塊を脱水する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 主要栄養素、微量栄養素、ビタミン、アミノ酸、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される栄養素が、前記細菌増殖容器に加えられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記主要栄養素は、C、H、O、N、及びPの生物学的に同化可能な供給源である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ビタミンは、ビタミンA、ビタミンB1、ビタミンB2、ビタミンB3、ビタミンB5、ビタミンB6、ビタミンB7、ビタミンB9、ビタミンB12、ビタミンC、ビタミンD、ビタミンE、及びビタミンKからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記増殖容器内の水性の液体は、200〜200,000mg/Lの範囲の生化学的酸素要求量(BOD)を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥した細菌塊は、6.0/1〜8.0/1のタンパク質/灰分の比を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥した細菌塊は、ヒト食用に使用される動物の飼料としての使用に適切であり、そしてAmerican Association of Feed Control Officials Official Publication (2007)の要件に従う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は連続プロセスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法はバッチプロセスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記MCRTは1〜6日間である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 100mg/L以上の生化学的酸素要求量(BOD)レベルを伴う溶解若しくは懸濁した代謝可能な食品及び/又は飲料副産物を含む食品及び/又は飲料加工工場由来の排水を受容する工程と;
代謝可能な成分を含む前記排水を、少なくとも1つの細菌培養物を含有する増殖容器に加える工程と;
前記排水の代謝可能な成分の少なくとも一部を代謝することによって、前記少なくとも1つの細菌培養物の細菌を増殖容器において増殖させ、それによって、前記増殖容器内の水性の液体において細菌懸濁液を形成させる工程であって、前記増殖容器内の水性の液体においては、前記排水と比較して代謝可能な成分が枯渇する工程と;
前記増殖容器内の水性の液体から前記細菌懸濁液の一部を分離し、それによって、細菌塊を形成する工程と;
前記細菌塊を取り出す工程と;
前記増殖容器内の水性の液体の一部を取り出す工程であって、前記増殖容器内の水性の液体は、浮遊物質を含まず、そして許容レベル内のBODを有する工程と;
前記細菌塊を取り出す流速を調整して、前記増殖容器を含む排水処理プロセスの平均細胞保持時間(MCRT)を8日間以下にする工程と;
平均廃棄物滞留時間をMWRTとして、前記取り出された細菌塊を、MWRT−MCRT≦2日間である期間内に乾燥し、乾燥した細菌塊を回収する工程と;
動物飼料のためのタンパク質供給源として前記乾燥した細菌塊を提供する工程と
を含み、
前記MCRTは、前記廃水処理プロセス中の全細菌塊の質量を、1日あたりに取り出した細菌塊の質量で除することによって得られ、
前記MWRTは、前記排水プロセス中の炭素の全質量を、1日あたりに回収された乾燥した細菌塊中の炭素の全質量で除することによって得られる、
方法。 - 前記乾燥した細菌塊は、動物飼料中の魚粉の代用物として動物飼料生産者に提供される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記細菌塊は、80%以上の固体含有量にまで乾燥され、そして動物飼料成分として提供される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥した細菌塊のタンパク質含有量を決定する工程と、
タンパク質含有量≧40%を有する細菌塊を貯蔵容器に方向転換させる工程と:
タンパク質含有量<40%を有する細菌塊を廃棄物容器に方向転換させる工程と;
動物飼料のためのタンパク質供給源として、タンパク質含有量≧40%を伴う前記細菌塊を提供すること
をさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
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KR20210005897A (ko) | 2018-04-20 | 2021-01-15 | 어드밴스드 바이오로지컬 서비시스, 인크. | 폐수처리 및 a급 슬러지 제공을 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
CN108841911B (zh) * | 2018-07-21 | 2021-10-01 | 宁夏金维制药股份有限公司 | 维生素b12生产废水部分替代金霉素发酵生产用水的方法 |
CN109607823A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-12 | 齐齐哈尔龙江阜丰生物科技有限公司 | 治理苏氨酸母液和分离提取蛋白的方法 |
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CN111018282B (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-11-24 | 中交(天津)生态环保设计研究院有限公司 | 一种河湖生态清淤底泥脱水用多孔生物聚合剂 |
EP4330196A1 (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2024-03-06 | The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University | Energy services through integrated flexible operation of wastewater systems |
CN114732083A (zh) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-07-12 | 协赛(上海)生物科技有限公司 | 一种索氏菌的应用 |
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US20040203134A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2004-10-14 | Pyntikov Alexander V. | Complex technologies using enzymatic protein hydrolysate |
GB0203306D0 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2002-03-27 | Norferm Da | Method |
GB0203307D0 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2002-03-27 | Norferm Da | Method |
US20030232107A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-18 | Terry Seth Sprague | Biosolids-based food additive and food material for animal food and methods of production and use thereof |
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EP2215213A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
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ZA201003590B (en) | 2011-12-28 |
PL2215213T3 (pl) | 2013-11-29 |
PT2215213E (pt) | 2013-08-23 |
JP2011502485A (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
DK2215213T3 (da) | 2013-07-22 |
EP2215213A4 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
EP2215213B1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
AU2008318492A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
CA2704433C (en) | 2013-06-11 |
BRPI0819240B1 (pt) | 2023-05-16 |
AU2008318492B2 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
CA2704433A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
US20090114602A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
MX2010004717A (es) | 2010-10-25 |
BRPI0819240A2 (pt) | 2014-10-14 |
WO2009059163A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
US20120027913A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
ES2424758T3 (es) | 2013-10-08 |
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