JP5268871B2 - Turbine generator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a water turbine power generator.

  Conventionally, a system is used in which a turbine is operated using the potential energy of water, a generator is operated with torque generated by the turbine, and the generated power is supplied to a load. As a reference example of these, there is Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-10245 (outer ring drive type water turbine generator: Patent Document 1). In these reference technologies, automatic operation by simple operation and optimal operation control when the water amount and effective head of the water turbine fluctuate have been problems.

JP-A-5-10245

  It is an object of the present invention to provide an operation control device for a turbine generator that can suitably perform operation control when automatic operation by simple operation and the amount of water in the turbine, the effective head (pressure difference before and after the turbine) fluctuates. .

(Means for solving the problem)
An embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-described problem includes a water turbine that rotates with the potential energy of water, and a generator that operates with the torque generated by the water turbine, and the electric power generated by the generator passes through an inverter. In the water turbine generator supplied to the load, the effective head detecting means for detecting the effective head of the water turbine, the storage means for storing the inverter frequency at which the generator has the highest efficiency according to the effective head in advance, and the effective head detecting means And inverter control means for controlling the inverter so as to have the inverter frequency stored in the storage means corresponding to the effective head detected by.

Moreover, in the above-described water turbine power generator, it is desirable that the following aspect be adopted.
(1) The effective head detection means is composed of a pressure sensor provided on the inlet side of the water wheel and a pressure sensor provided on the outlet side of the water wheel.
(2) Flow rate detection means for detecting the flow rate of water flowing through the water turbine, and second storage means for storing in advance an inverter frequency at which the generator has the highest efficiency in accordance with the flow rate of water, Controlling the inverter so that the inverter frequency is stored in the second storage means corresponding to the flow rate detected by the flow rate detection means;
(3) The inverter control means controls the inverter so that the inverter frequency is stored in the second storage means according to the flow rate detected by the flow rate detection means when the effective head detection means fails.
(4) Equipped with display means for displaying the effective head and the amount of power generated by the generator.

According to the above, it is possible to perform operation control of a turbine generator capable of suitably performing automatic operation by simple operation and operation control when the amount of water in the turbine and the effective head fluctuate.

FIG. 1 is a system system and circuit diagram. FIG. 2 shows the water turbine described above. It is an operating characteristic figure at the time of driving a generator. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the effective head and the inverter frequency. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the effective head and the inverter frequency. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of water and the inverter frequency. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation procedure of the control device and the inverter. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation procedure of the control device and the inverter. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation procedure of the control device and the inverter. FIG. 9 is a system system and circuit diagram of another embodiment.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a system system and circuit diagram. T is a water wheel provided in the pipe 1 operated by the potential energy of water, G is a generator that generates power by operating with the torque generated by the water wheel, and PS1 and PS2 are pressure sensors that detect the pressure at the inlet and the outlet of the water wheel, respectively. It is. The pressure difference between the water turbine inlet and outlet is determined by both pressure sensors. That is, the head detecting means is constituted by both pressure sensors. PG1 and PG2 are pressure gauges for measuring the pressure provided corresponding to the above-described pressure sensor, FM is a flow rate detecting means for detecting the flow rate flowing in the water turbine provided in the pipe 1, and S1 to S5 are maintenance gate valves. It is. AV is a water fall prevention valve for preventing water in the pipe from dropping when stopped, and a mechanical or electrical type is selected depending on the purpose. R, S, and T are power sources (commercial), ELB1 is a leakage breaker, INV1 is an inverter (controller), and the generator G is connected via terminals U, V, and W.

  The generated power is subjected to regenerative control as a flywheel diode in the inverter INV1, and is taken in and stored as DC power between P and N (for example, if the generated voltage of the generator is 200V AC, the inverter The voltage between P and N (DC voltage) is 280V.)

  Moreover, although not shown every time the voltage between P and N is detected and the voltage falls below 280V, if the inverter frequency is lowered by PWM processing, regenerative braking is applied and the voltage between P and N increases. RC and SC are control power supplies, and SW is an automatic / manual operation mode changeover switch. When the contact is switched from a to b and set to a, automatic operation is performed, and when it is set to b, manual operation is performed.

  AX1 and AX2 are relays, AVR is a stabilized power supply unit, and CU is a microcomputer, which includes a central processing unit CPU, a memory M, a power supply terminal E, and input / output interfaces I / O-1 to I / O-4. The The detected values of the pressure sensors PS1 and PS2 and the flow rate detecting means are taken in from the input / output interface I / O-4 via the O0, 01, and O2 terminals, respectively, and stored in the memory M. DO1 is a digital operator and includes a display unit HYO and an operation unit OP1. That is, parameters such as start, stop effective head, start, stop flow rate, etc. are set by this operation unit, and these are read from the input / output interface I / O-2 and stored in the memory M.

  When the inverter INV1 receives a signal at the terminals A and C (the switching switch SW is automatically selected, the contact AX1C of the relay AX1 is closed to the a side, and the contact AX2a of the relay AX2 operated by a command from the microcomputer CU is closed. When a signal (analog signal) is input from the microcomputer CU to the OL terminal via the input / output interface I / O-3, the operation is performed at a frequency corresponding to the value.

  A control device CTL1 is shown in the frame of the one-dot chain line configured as described above. Next, consider supplying generated power to a load. CTL2 is an operation control device for an electric motor M that drives a pumping pump P that is a load, and includes an inverter INV2 and a leakage breaker RLB2. The inverter INV2 includes a digital operator DO2. Further, the two control devices CTL1 and CTL2 are connected by a cable CA. The electric power generated by the generator G is DC-transmitted from the DC terminals P and N of the inverter INV1 between the DC terminals P and N of the load side INV2. FIG. 2 shows the above-described water wheel. It is an operation characteristic figure at the time of operating a generator, the amount Q of a water wheel is shown on a horizontal axis, the effective head of a water wheel, the power generation efficiency, and the generated power of a generator are shown on the vertical axis. Curve A shows the relationship between the amount of water in the turbine and the effective head, curve B shows power generation efficiency, and curve C shows generated power. For example, if the water quantity Q0 and the effective head H0 are given to the water wheel as the potential energy of water, the water wheel and the generator operate at the frequency of f0, and power generation of S0 is indicated (see points O0 and O0). Of course, this operating point is a design value, and the highest efficiency can be obtained.

  In addition, HON shown in the figure is a start effective head, and HOFF is a stop effective head, which are on points O1 and O2 on the curve diagram A, respectively. This is a start and stop point viewed from an effective head, and FON is the start water amount (corresponding to HONN) and FOFF is the stop water amount in terms of water amount. These are set by the digital operator as parameters for starting and stopping as described above, and are stored in the memory of the microcomputer CU. When the water fall prevention valve is closed, the effective head is 0 because the amount of water does not flow.

  Since the water turbine is operated at the same frequency in synchronism with the frequency of the inverter, when the amount of water flowing to the water turbine is reduced, the effective head and efficiency are naturally reduced. It is a natural requirement to operate the water turbine as close to the highest efficiency point as possible.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the effective head and the inverter frequency by changing the inverter frequency so that the efficiency when the water amount of the water turbine is changed is near the maximum point. What is indicated by the same symbol as in FIG. 1 represents the same state as in FIG. That is, when the water amount is Q1, the effective frequency is H1 (O11) when the inverter frequency is changed (decreased) to f1, and the maximum efficiency (O13) is obtained. When the water amount is Q2, the inverter frequency is changed (reduced) to f2. It can be seen that the effective head is H2 (O11), and the highest efficiency (O14) is obtained.

  The line X connecting the intersections O0, O15 and O16 on the water amount-effective head curve with respect to the inverter frequency is the optimum value so that the maximum efficiency can be obtained at each water amount.

  FIG. 4 shows the relationship obtained in FIG. 3 in relation to the effective head and the inverter frequency. The figure shows that an effective head is detected, an inverter frequency is obtained from the relationship between the effective head and the inverter frequency, and the inverter is operated at this frequency.

  FIG. 5 shows the relationship obtained in FIG. 3 in relation to the amount of water and the inverter frequency. The figure shows that the amount of water is detected, the inverter frequency is obtained from the relationship between the amount of water and the inverter frequency, and the inverter is operated at this frequency.

  6 and 7 are flowcharts showing the procedure of how to control and operate the control device and the inverter, and are stored in advance in the memory of the microcomputer CU as a program. For example, FIG. 6 shows the main processing unit, and FIG. 7 shows the interrupt processing unit. Hereinafter, it will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  Now, in the system system and circuit diagram of FIG. 1, the water fall prevention valve AV is closed, and the amount of water flowing through the water turbine and the effective head are zero. The earth leakage breakers ELB1 and ELB2 are turned on, the switch SW is automatically selected, the relay AX1 is energized, the power is supplied to the stabilized power supply unit AVR or the power supply terminal E of the microcomputer CU, and the initial setting is completed. It is assumed that the preparation for operation has been completed (the process has progressed to step 500 in FIG. 6).

  In step 501, an instruction for permitting interrupt processing is executed to prepare for processing after step 502. When step 502 is executed, the process jumps to an interrupt process (label PARA shown in FIG. 7) for parameter setting.

  Then, data such as the start effective head HON, the stop effective head HOFF, the start water amount FON, and the stop water amount HOFF are read as parameters set by the digital operator DO1 in step 601 and stored in the memory M of the CU.

  Thereafter, RETI is executed in step 603, and the process returns to step 503 from the interrupt processing. Here, the process of step 503 is executed, and the process jumps to an interrupt process (label RAKUSA shown in FIG. 7) for detecting a head.

  Then, in the same manner as described above, the signal (data) detected by the pressure sensor attached to the water turbine inlet / outlet is read in step 604 and stored in the memory. Further, a pressure difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure (inlet> outlet), that is, an effective head is obtained and stored in the memory. Also. Processing to display to the digital operator.

  Thereafter, RETI is executed in step 606, and the process returns to step 504 from the interrupt processing. Here, the process jumps again to the interrupt process for detecting the flow rate (labeled RYURYYO shown in FIG. 7). Then, in the same manner as described above, the flow rate is detected in step 607, the data is stored in the memory, and the processing for displaying it on the digital operator is performed.

  Thereafter, RETI is executed in step 609, and the process returns to step 505 from the interrupt processing. Here, the head detected and stored in the memory is compared with the effective starting head. As a result of the comparison, if this effective head is less than the starting effective head HON, the process returns to MAIN until it becomes equal to or higher than HON, and the subsequent processing is executed. When HON or lower, the process proceeds to the next step 506, where the invar is operated at the initial speed and power generation is started.

  In step 507, the frequency for commanding the inverter is obtained from the effective head as shown in FIG.

  In step 508, the obtained inverter frequency is commanded to the inverter. In this way, the turbine generator is operated near the maximum efficiency point (the inverter frequency is related from the effective head so that the turbine generator is operated near the maximum efficiency point).

  Next, the head detected in step 509 and stored in the memory is compared with the stop effective head HOFF. As a result of comparison, if this effective head exceeds the stop effective head HOFF, steps 511 (same processing as 503 step) and 512 (same processing as 504 step) are executed until jumping to 507 step until it becomes HOFF or less. . Then, the subsequent processing is executed.

  If it is equal to or lower than HOFF, the process proceeds to the next 510 step, the inverter is stopped and the power generation is stopped, and the process returns to MAIN.

  Hereinafter, the above-described processing is repeated to continue the automatic operation. In the above embodiment, an effective head is detected, and if it is equal to or greater than the starting effective head, the inverter is operated to generate power, and if this is less than the stop effective head, the inverter is stopped and power generation is stopped. Alternatively, during operation, the inverter frequency is related from the effective drop so that the turbine generator is operated near the maximum efficiency point, and the inverter wave number is controlled based on this relationship.

  As another example, the amount of water can be used instead of the effective head. Specifically, the drop at step 505 in FIG. 6 is used as the water amount, and the start effective head is changed to the start water amount. The relationship of FIG. 4 in step 507 is changed to the relationship of FIG. 5, and the frequency is calculated from the effective head, but the frequency is calculated from the amount of water. The head of 509 step is the water amount, and the stop effective head is changed to the stop water amount.

  If it does in this way, the amount of water will be detected, if this is more than a starting water amount, an inverter will be operated and electric power will be generated, and if this is below the amount of stop water, an inverter will be stopped and electric power generation will be stopped. Alternatively, during operation, the inverter frequency is determined from the amount of water so that the turbine generator is operated near the maximum efficiency point, and the inverter frequency is controlled based on this relationship.

  In this way, automatic operation can be performed with simple operation, which is very convenient and can save labor. Furthermore, in order to improve the operation reliability, an effective head and a water amount may be used in combination. That is, what is necessary is just to make it like the flowchart of FIG.

  In this way, operation is possible even if one of the head detecting means and the flow rate detecting means is broken, and reliability is improved. Although not shown in detail, the effective head of the turbine (pressure difference before and after the turbine) and the amount of water flowing into the turbine are detected, and the control device detects the amount of power, voltage, and current generated by the generator. The display unit displays the turbine flow rate, the effective head, the amount of power generated by the generator, the voltage, and the current. This is convenient during maintenance.

  Still another embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This figure is a system system and circuit diagram, and the same symbols as those in FIG.

  9 omits the microcomputer CU, the microcomputer, and the stabilized power supply for the sensor, and replaces the microcomputer CU with the microcomputer (not shown) in the inverter INV1, and replaces the AVR with the AVR in the inverter INV1 (not shown). Z)). The pressure sensors PS1, PS2, the flow rate sensor FM and the inverter INV1 (terminals s0, s1, o1, o2, o3) are connected by a cable CA2. Further, the control procedure flowcharts shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 are stored in advance in a microcomputer (not shown) in the inverter INV1 as a program. Since the operation is the same as described above, the description is omitted. In this way, it becomes simpler, smaller and lighter, and the cost can be reduced.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It goes without saying that the invention can be implemented. In addition, the detection of the effective head related to the start and stop of the generator is not particularly limited as long as the detection is possible.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 ... Piping, T ... Water wheel, G ... Generator, PS1, PS2 ... Pressure sensor, PG1, PG2 ... Pressure gauge, FM ... Flow rate detection means, R, S, T ... Power source, INV1, ... Inverter, CU ... Microcomputer , CTL1 ... control device, INV2 ... inverter.

Claims (5)

A turbine that rotates with the potential energy of the water,
In the water turbine power generator comprising a generator that operates with the torque generated by the water turbine, and the power generated by the power generator is supplied to a load via an inverter,
Effective head detecting means for detecting an effective head of the water wheel;
Storage means for storing each inverter frequency at which the generator has the highest efficiency for a plurality of different effective heads in advance
When the water amount of the water turbine is changed, the inverter is configured to have the inverter frequency stored in the storage unit corresponding to the effective head detected by the effective head detecting unit so that the efficiency of power generation becomes the highest point. A water turbine generator comprising: inverter control means for changing a frequency.   2. The water turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the effective head detecting means includes a pressure sensor provided on an inlet side of the water wheel and a pressure sensor provided on an outlet side of the water wheel. A turbine generator. The water turbine generator according to claim 1,
Flow rate detection means for detecting the flow rate of water flowing through the water wheel;
A second storage means for storing in advance an inverter frequency at which the generator has the highest efficiency in accordance with the flow rate of water;
The said turbine control means controls the said inverter so that it may become the inverter frequency memorize | stored in the said 2nd memory | storage means according to the flow volume detected by the said flow volume detection means, The turbine generator apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.   4. The water turbine generator according to claim 3, wherein the inverter control means is stored in the second storage means according to the flow rate detected by the flow rate detection means when the effective head detection means fails. A turbine generator that controls the inverter to have an inverter frequency.   The water turbine generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising display means for displaying the effective head and the amount of power generated by the generator.

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