JP5261428B2 - Particulate matter generator and particulate matter generation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a particulate matter generating device and a particulate matter generating method, and more particularly to a particulate matter generating device and a particulate matter generating method capable of generating a large amount of particulate matter having a high combustion temperature.

Particulates and harmful substances in exhaust gas discharged from various internal combustion engines and the like have a great influence on the human body and the environment, and there is an increasing need to prevent their release into the atmosphere. In particular, particulate matter (Particulate Matter) (PM), NO _x (nitrogen oxide), etc. discharged from a diesel engine have a great influence, and regulations concerning them are strengthened worldwide. Therefore, a filter for capturing PM (Diesel Particulate Filter: DPF) and the study of the exhaust gas purification device having a catalyst, a having characteristics such as the reduction of NO _X to nitrogen and water, the development is advanced, High performance exhaust gas purifiers are now available on the market.

  In manufacturing such an exhaust gas purification device, it is necessary to test the exhaust gas purification device and evaluate its performance and durability with high accuracy. As a means for evaluating the performance and the like of the exhaust gas purification device, there is a method of supplying exhaust gas from an actual automobile engine or the like to the exhaust gas purification device and analyzing the processing gas. In addition, using particulate matter collected from carbon powder and actual exhaust gas, this is mixed into the gas to produce exhaust gas that mimics exhaust gas from an actual automobile engine, and it is used as an exhaust gas purification device There is known a method of supplying the gas to the gas and analyzing the processing gas (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Furthermore, there are known methods for generating exhaust gas containing particulate matter by burning light oil or hydrocarbons, and methods for generating exhaust gas containing particulate matter by sparking a graphite electrode. It is possible to evaluate the performance and the like of the exhaust gas purification device using the exhaust gas thus obtained (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Also, it is equipped with intermittent fuel injection means, and by injecting fuel intermittently into the combustion air, a large amount of particulate matter is generated in the combustion gas, and the combustion gas containing the large amount of particulate matter is safe. In addition, PM (particulate matter) generators that can be stably supplied to an exhaust gas purification device are known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

JP-A-2005-214742 JP 2007-155712 A

  However, the method of using exhaust gas from an actual automobile engine has a problem that the equipment becomes large and expensive. Further, in the method of manufacturing exhaust gas imitating the exhaust gas from an automobile engine, there is a problem that it cannot be said that the actual exhaust gas is sufficiently simulated because the PM collected once is used. Furthermore, there is a problem that the method of generating exhaust gas containing PM by burning light oil or hydrocarbon makes it difficult to control the amount of PM generated and easily misfires. The method of generating an exhaust gas containing particulate matter by sparking a graphite electrode has a problem that the amount of particulate matter generated is small and a large amount of particulate matter cannot be generated in a short time.

  Further, the PM (particulate matter) generator that includes intermittent fuel injection means and intermittently injects fuel into the combustion air is an excellent device that can generate a large amount of particulate matter. From the viewpoint of the combustion temperature of the generated particulate matter, there is room for further improvement.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a particulate matter generating apparatus and a particulate matter generating method capable of generating a large amount of particulate matter having a high combustion temperature. .

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides the following particulate matter generating apparatus and particulate matter generating method.

[1] It has an air inlet for supplying combustion air and a gas outlet for discharging particulate matter-containing gas containing the generated particulate matter, and the gaseous fuel is burned inside so that the particulate matter is A combustion chamber to be generated; a main burner inserted into the combustion chamber and having a supply hole for continuously supplying gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber; and a gas disposed in the combustion chamber and supplied to the combustion chamber A pilot burner that ignites fuel, and the combustion air that is disposed at the air inlet of the combustion chamber and that has a fast flow velocity of the combustion air in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the combustion air, is biased from the center. A drift forming pipe for causing drift in the working air, the drift forming pipe having an inlet-side straight pipe extending linearly on one end side and extending linearly on the other end side It has a straight side pipe and the front Fill port side straight pipe and corners curved shape formed L-shaped pipe der Ru particulate generating apparatus connected to the outlet side straight pipe.

[ 2 ] The particulate matter generator according to [1 ], wherein a length of the outlet-side straight pipe of the drift flow forming pipe is 140 mm or less.

[ 3 ] The particulate matter generator according to [1] or [ 2] , wherein a distance from the air inlet to the main burner is 70 to 400 mm.

[ 4 ] The flow direction of the combustion air in the plane including the flow direction of the combustion air is 0 ° in the supply direction of the gaseous fuel supplied from the main burner. The particulate matter generating device according to any one of [1] to [ 3 ], which is a 90 to 270 ° direction when one direction orthogonal to the air flow direction is a 90 ° direction.

[ 5 ] The main burner has a tubular structure, one supply hole for supplying the gaseous fuel to the main burner is formed, and the opening diameter of the supply hole is 4 to 10 mm. The particulate matter generator according to any one of the above.

[ 6 ] In the cross section of the combustion chamber where the supply hole of the main burner is cut at a position where the main burner is inserted in a plane orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air, The particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [ 5 ], which is located in a range of up to 35% of the inner diameter of the combustion chamber.

[ 7 ] The combustion chamber has a cylindrical shape having a straight pipe portion having a uniform diameter at a central portion in the central axis direction and tapered portions formed at both ends in the central axis direction so as to be tapered. The inner diameter of the straight pipe portion of the chamber is such that the average flow velocity of the combustion air is 4.0 m / sec or less when the flow rate of the combustion air flowing through the straight pipe portion is the maximum flow rate during use. The particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [ 6 ].
[8] The combustion chamber has a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical shape having tapered portions at both ends, a cylindrical shape having a polygonal bottom surface, or a cylindrical shape having both ends tapered and a polygonal bottom surface [1] -The particulate matter generator according to any one of [7].

[9] A particulate matter generation method for generating particulate matter using the particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [8].

[10] The combustion air is supplied from the air inlet so that the average excess air ratio is 0.8 to 3.0, the gaseous fuel is continuously supplied from the main burner, and the pilot burner The particulate matter generation method according to [9], wherein the gaseous fuel is ignited to burn the gaseous fuel to generate particulate matter, and the gas containing the particulate matter is discharged from the gas outlet.

[11] The particulate matter generation method according to [9] or [10], wherein the pilot burner is extinguished after the main burner is ignited.

[12] The particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [8] and the porous ceramic structure as an evaluation sample disposed on the gas outlet side of the particulate matter generator are accommodated. A porous material in which the particulate matter generated by the particulate matter generator is sent together with a gas to the sample storage vessel, and the gas containing the particulate matter is contained in the sample storage vessel A porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus that can be supplied to a ceramic structure.

[13] A cooling air supply means and a cooling air flow rate control means for controlling a flow rate of air supplied from the cooling air supply means are further provided, and the particulate matter generator and the sample are supplied from the cooling air supply means. The porous ceramic structure evaluation according to [12], in which cooling air is introduced between the storage container, the cooling air and a gas containing particulate matter are mixed, and the temperature of the exhaust gas can be controlled. apparatus.

  The particulate matter generator of the present invention can generate gaseous particulate matter having a high combustion temperature because gaseous fuel can be burned at a high excess air ratio by continuously supplying gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber. Can do. Further, by causing a drift in the combustion air by the drift forming pipe, a region where the flow speed of the combustion air is slow can be created, and a large amount of particulate matter having a high combustion temperature can be generated.

  Moreover, since the particulate matter generation method of the present invention generates particulate matter using the particulate matter generation apparatus of the present invention, a large amount of particulate matter having a high combustion temperature can be generated. it can.

It is a side view showing typically one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. It is a top view showing typically one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section of the combustion chamber which comprises one Embodiment of the particulate matter generator of this invention. It is a mimetic diagram showing the section of one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. It is a top view which shows typically the main burner which comprises one Embodiment of the particulate matter generator of this invention. It is a top view which shows typically the main burner which comprises other embodiment of the particulate matter generator of this invention. It is a mimetic diagram showing the section of one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. It is a side view showing typically one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation device of the present invention. It is a side view showing typically one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation device of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a ceramic honeycomb structure to be evaluated by one embodiment of a porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram showing a cross section parallel to the cell extending direction of the ceramic honeycomb structure to be evaluated in one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention.

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that design changes, improvements, and the like can be made as appropriate based on ordinary knowledge.

(1) Particulate matter generator:
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention is “particulate matter containing the air inlet 1 for supplying combustion air F1 and the generated particulate matter. A combustion chamber 3 having a gas outlet 2 for discharging the contained gas F2 and in which gaseous fuel is combusted inside to generate particulate matter; and “inserted into the combustion chamber 3 to send the gaseous fuel to the combustion chamber 3 A supply hole (a hole for supplying gaseous fuel) 5 that is continuously supplied to the main burner 4 is formed, and a pilot burner 6 that is disposed in the combustion chamber 3 and ignites the gaseous fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 3; "A region where the flow velocity of the combustion air F1 in the cross section orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air F1 is arranged at the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber 3 is deviated from the central portion to cause a drift in the combustion air F1. It is provided with a drift flow forming pipe 11. FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a combustion chamber constituting one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention (parallel to the flow direction of the combustion air F1 and perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical main burner 4). It is a schematic diagram which shows a cross section. In each drawing, the length of the arrow indicating the combustion air F1 indicates the flow velocity of the combustion air F1, and the longer the arrow length, the faster the flow velocity.

  Thus, since the particulate matter generator 100 of this embodiment can burn gaseous fuel with a high excess air ratio by supplying gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber 3 continuously, combustion temperature of It is possible to generate a particulate material mainly composed of high carbon. In addition, by generating a drift in the combustion air by the drift flow forming pipe 11, a region where the combustion air flow velocity is high is biased from the central portion to create a region where the combustion air flow velocity is low, and carbon having a high combustion temperature is generated. It is possible to generate a large amount of particulate matter containing as a main component. Normally, when a gas is caused to flow through a pipe that extends straight, the flow velocity of the gas at the center portion becomes the fastest in a cross section perpendicular to the gas flow direction (the central axis direction of the pipe). Specifically, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter can be set to 500 to 520 ° C. Here, “consisting mainly of carbon” means that 90% by mass or more of carbon is contained in the whole particulate matter. In addition to carbon, the particulate matter may contain an SOF (Solid Organic Fraction) component or the like.

  The particulate matter generating device 100 of this embodiment has an air inlet 1 for supplying combustion air F1 and a gas outlet 2 for discharging a particulate matter-containing gas F2 containing the generated particulate matter. A combustion chamber 3 in which gaseous fuel is burned inside to generate particulate matter is provided. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shape of the combustion chamber 3 has “a straight pipe portion 3a having a uniform diameter (diameter in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis direction) in the central portion in the central axis direction and the central axis. It is preferable to be a "cylindrical shape having tapered portions 3b, 3b formed in a tapered shape at both ends in the direction", but it may be a normal cylindrical shape having no tapered shape at both ends, or a bottom surface. May be a “polygon such as a quadrangle (including those having both ends tapered)”. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the shape of the combustion chamber 3 is “a shape having tapered portions 3b, 3b at both ends”, the flow of combustion air and combustion exhaust gas becomes smooth, and the particulate matter Can be increased, and pressure loss can be kept low. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the air inlet 1 and the gas outlet 2 of the combustion chamber 3 are provided with flanges (saddle portions) 7 for joining with other members (such as drift forming pipes). It is preferable that it is disposed.

Although the magnitude | size of the combustion chamber 3 is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is a magnitude | size which can produce | generate the exhaust gas flow volume and particulate matter of a required range. For example, the inner diameter of the straight pipe portion of the combustion chamber is such that the average flow velocity of the combustion air is 4.0 m / sec or less when the flow rate of the combustion air flowing through the straight pipe portion is the maximum flow rate during use. It is preferable. Further, for example, when a combustion air flow rate of 0.25 Nm ³ / min to 4 Nm ³ / min is required to obtain an exhaust gas flow rate required for evaluation, the inner diameter of the combustion chamber 3 (in the direction in which the combustion air flows) The diameter of the shape formed by the inner wall of the combustion chamber 3 in an orthogonal cross section is preferably 100 to 300 mm, and more preferably 130 to 210 mm. Further, the internal volume of the combustion chamber 3 when the combustion air flow rate range and likewise requires a 0.25 Nm ³ / min ～4Nm ³ / min is preferably 6000～35000Cm ^3, is 9000～30000Cm ³ More preferably. When the inner diameter of the combustion chamber 3 is smaller than 100 mm, the amount of particulate matter generated may be reduced. Further, if the inner diameter of the combustion chamber 3 is larger than 300 mm, it is necessary to increase the combustion air flow rate in order to maintain a high combustion temperature, and the minimum combustion air flow rate may increase. When the internal volume of the combustion chamber is smaller than 6000 cm ³ , the wall of the combustion chamber 3 becomes high temperature, so that the combustion chamber 3 may be oxidized and deteriorated, and further heat shielding to the periphery may be necessary. Further, if the internal volume of the combustion chamber 3 is larger than 35000 cm ³ , the particulate matter generating device becomes large, which increases the manufacturing cost and operating cost of the particulate matter generating device, and also installs the particulate matter generating device. It is necessary to increase the space for doing so.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the shape of the combustion chamber 3 is “cylindrical with both ends tapered,” the air inlet 1 and the gas outlet 2 of the combustion chamber 3 have “ The area of the “cross section perpendicular to the gas flow direction” (space area) is 25 to 65 of the area (space area) of the “cross section perpendicular to the gas flow direction” of the straight pipe portion 3 a of the combustion chamber 3. %, Preferably 35 to 60%.

  The wall thickness of the combustion chamber 3 is preferably 3 to 10 mm, and more preferably 4 to 7 mm. If the thickness of the wall of the combustion chamber 3 is too thin, the temperature of the wall surface of the combustion chamber 3 increases, so that the oxidative deterioration is severe and the strength of the particulate matter generator may be reduced. If the wall of the combustion chamber 3 is too thick, it may take a long time to stabilize the combustion conditions. Furthermore, the particulate matter generator may become too heavy, and the manufacturing cost of the particulate matter generator may be high. Examples of the material of the combustion chamber 3 include stainless steel and nickel alloy.

The particulate matter generating device 100 of the present embodiment is configured to deviate the flow velocity of the combustion air F1 in a cross section orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air F1 and generate a drift in the combustion air F1. Is disposed at the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber 3. As described above, the drift forming pipe 11 that creates a drift in the combustion air F <b> 1 is disposed at the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber 3, whereby the supply hole formed in the main burner 4 in the combustion chamber 3. The flow velocity of the combustion air F1 at the position 5 can be made slower than the average flow velocity of the entire combustion air F1 in the combustion chamber 3. Here, “uneven flow” means a state in which a gas flow fast part and a slow part are formed in a cross section perpendicular to the gas flow direction. The “average flow velocity” is a value calculated by a calculation formula of “average flow velocity (m / second) = combustion air flow rate (m ³ / second) / combustion chamber cross-sectional area (m ² )”. The “combustion air flow rate” is the flow rate of the combustion air F <b> 1 flowing in the combustion chamber 3. “Combustion chamber cross-sectional area” refers to “a region in which the area of a cross-section (cross-section in the space portion) perpendicular to the flow direction of the combustion air F1 is constant (a region that is not tapered)” in the combustion chamber 3. The area of the cross section (for example, the area of the cross section of the straight pipe portion 3a perpendicular to the central axis direction). The “average flow velocity of the combustion air F1” is a value in a state where gaseous fuel is not supplied into the combustion chamber.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the drift flow forming pipe 11 has an inlet-side straight pipe 18 extending linearly on one end side and an outlet-side straight pipe 19 extending linearly on the other end side. The corner portion 14 connected to the inlet side straight pipe 18 and the outlet side straight pipe 19 is preferably an L-shaped pipe formed in a curved shape. The drift forming pipe 11 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a tubular structure having a drift forming pipe inlet 12 at one end and a drift forming pipe outlet 13 at the other end. The drift forming pipe outlet 13 is connected to the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber 3. As a result, the combustion air F1 that has flowed into the drift forming pipe 11 from the drift forming pipe inlet 12 passes through the drift forming pipe 11 and is discharged from the drift forming pipe outlet 13, and the drift forming pipe outlet. Combustion air F <b> 1 discharged from 13 flows into the combustion chamber 3 from the air inlet 1. As described above, the drift flow forming pipe 11 is an L-shaped pipe having a curved corner portion 14, so that it is closer to the outside of the “L shape” in the drift flow forming pipe 11 (in the corner portion 14). The combustion air F1 flowing near the 14a) has a higher flow velocity than the combustion air F1 flowing near the inner side of the "L-shape" in the drift forming pipe 11 (closer to the inner periphery 14b). The combustion air F <b> 1 whose flow velocity has been reduced in this way flows to the position of the supply hole 5 formed in the main burner 4 in the combustion chamber 3, or the flow velocity is reduced from the main burner 4. By supplying gaseous fuel toward the combustion air F 1, the flow velocity of the combustion air F 1 at the position of the supply hole 5 formed in the main burner 4 in the combustion chamber 3 becomes the combustion air in the combustion chamber 3. It can be made slower than the average flow velocity of the entire F1. Further, by supplying the gaseous fuel from the main burner 4 toward the combustion air F1 whose flow velocity is slow, a large amount of particulate matter having a high combustion temperature can be generated more effectively.

  Also, the drift forming pipe inlet 12 and the drift forming pipe outlet 13 of the drift forming pipe 11 are provided with flanges for joining with other members (combustion chambers, etc.) as shown in FIGS. It is preferable that a (ridge part) 15 is provided.

  The uneven flow forming pipe 11 is a pipe having a cross section (cross section perpendicular to the direction in which gas flows) having the same shape as that of the “cross section perpendicular to the direction in which gas flows” of the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber 3. It is preferable that the structure is bent in an L shape so that the portion is curved.

  The size of the drift flow forming pipe 11 is not particularly limited, but the combustion air is drifted, and the flow velocity of the combustion air F1 at the position of the supply hole 5 formed in the main burner 4 in the combustion chamber 3 is the combustion chamber. 3 can be made slower than the average flow velocity of the entire combustion air F1. The boundary between the inlet-side straight pipe 18 that linearly extends from the drift flow forming pipe inlet 12 toward the corner 14 and the arc-shaped corner 14 is defined as a “bend start position 16”, and from the drift forming pipe outlet 13. When the boundary between the outlet-side straight pipe 19 extending linearly toward the corner portion 14 and the arc-shaped corner portion 14 is defined as “the end position 17 of bending”, the “end-of-bending” is formed from the drift forming pipe outlet 13. The distance to the position 17 ”(the length of the outlet-side straight pipe 19) D2 is preferably 140 mm or less. Further, the bending angle of the drift flow forming pipe is preferably about 90 degrees.

  Further, the thickness of the wall of the drift forming pipe 11 is preferably 2 to 6 mm, and more preferably 3 to 5 mm. If the wall of the drift flow forming pipe 11 is too thin, the strength of the particulate matter generator may be reduced. If the wall of the drift flow forming pipe 11 is too thick, the particulate matter generator may become too heavy, and the production cost of the particulate matter generator may increase. In addition, the material for the drift flow forming pipe is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include stainless steel and carbon steel.

  The combustion air F1 is preferably generated by pressurizing air with a compressor. Then, it is preferable that combustion air (compressed air) F1 generated by a compressor and adjusted by a pressure reducing valve, a flow rate adjusting valve, or the like is supplied to the drift forming pipe inlet 12 of the drift forming pipe 11. The apparatus for generating the combustion air F1 may be the cooling air supply means 41 (see FIG. 9). That is, the compressed air generated by the cooling air supply means 41 (see FIG. 9) may be used for both the combustion air F1 and the cooling air F3 (see FIG. 9).

  In the particulate matter generation device 100 of the present embodiment, the flow rate of the combustion air F1 at the position of the main burner 4 in the combustion chamber 3 is preferably 4.0 m / second or less. If it is faster than 4.0 m / sec, the amount of particulate matter generated may be reduced.

  In the particulate matter generator 100 of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the average flow velocity of the combustion air F1 in the straight pipe portion 3a of the combustion chamber 3 is 0.1 to 4.0 m / sec. If it is slower than 0.1 m / sec, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter may be lowered. If it is faster than 4.0 m / sec, the amount of particulate matter generated may be reduced.

  Examples of the gaseous fuel supplied from the main burner 4 include methane gas, ethane gas, propane gas, and butane gas.

  In the particulate matter generation device 100 of the present embodiment, the average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber 3 is preferably 0.8 to 3.0, and more preferably 1.0 to 1.5. When the average excess air ratio is less than 0.8, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter may be lowered. When the average excess air ratio is larger than 3.0, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter may be lowered. The “average excess air ratio” in the combustion chamber 3 was calculated using the flow rate (volume basis) of the entire combustion air flowing in the combustion chamber 3 and the flow rate (volume basis) of the entire fuel being supplied. “Excess air ratio”. The “excess air ratio” is a value obtained by dividing the air flow rate (volume basis) by the theoretical air flow rate (volume basis) necessary to burn the “supplied fuel” without excess or deficiency.

  In the particulate matter generation device 100 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cylindrical main burner 4 in which the gaseous fuel supply hole 5 is formed has a central axis orthogonal to the combustion air F <b> 1. As described above, it is preferable to be inserted into the straight pipe portion 3 a of the combustion chamber 3 from the side of the combustion chamber 3. As shown in FIG. 4, the supply direction Q of the “gaseous fuel supplied from the main burner 4” from the main burner 4 (supply direction of the gaseous fuel) includes the flow direction of the combustion air F1 (for combustion). In the plane (parallel to the flow direction of the air F1), the flow direction of the combustion air F1 is the 0 ° direction (Q0), and one direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air F1 is the 90 ° direction (Q90). 90-270 ° direction (90 ° direction (Q90) -270 ° direction (Q270)), preferably 120-180 ° direction, more preferably 120-135 ° direction. Particularly preferred. In this case, the direction opposite to the direction in which the combustion air F1 flows is the 180 ° direction (Q180). Thus, the generation amount of the particulate matter can be increased by setting the supply direction Q of the gaseous fuel to the 90 to 270 ° direction in the plane including the flow direction of the combustion air F1. It can be said that the “supply direction of the gaseous fuel” is the “direction of the supply hole 5” of the main burner 4. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a cross section of one embodiment of the particulate matter generating device of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross section cut along a plane parallel to the flow direction of the combustion air F <b> 1 and orthogonal to the main burner 4. FIG. 4 can also be said to be a cross section of the drift forming pipe 11 cut along a plane including the central axis of the inlet-side straight pipe 18 and the central axis of the outlet-side straight pipe 19.

  Further, the supply direction Q of the “gaseous fuel supplied from the main burner 4” from the main burner 4 (supply direction of the gaseous fuel) includes the flow direction of the combustion air F1 (parallel to the flow direction of the combustion air F1). In the plane, the flow direction of the combustion air is 0 ° direction, and when one direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air is 90 ° direction, the direction is 90 to 270 ° and drift formation Center of gravity (center: if the cross section is circular, it is the center of the circle, and the cross section is polygonal) in the “cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the combustion air” at the connection between the piping for combustion and the air inlet of the combustion chamber The direction 23 from the center of the polygon) 21 toward the position 22 where the flow of combustion air is slowest is parallel to the 90 ° direction (Q90), which is “one direction orthogonal to the flow direction of combustion air”. So that the drift flow forming pipe It is preferred that those which are disposed in the air inlet 1 for the combustion chamber 3. Thereby, the generation amount of particulate matter can be increased.

  And it is still more preferable that the supply direction Q of gaseous fuel is a 120-180 degree direction, and it is especially preferable that it is a 120-135 degree direction. Thus, the direction 23 from the center of gravity (center) 21 toward the position 22 where the flow of combustion air is slowest is parallel to the 90 ° direction (Q90) which is “one direction orthogonal to the flow direction of combustion air”. In such a state that the drift flow forming pipe 11 is disposed at the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber 3, the supply direction Q of the gaseous fuel is set to 120 to 180 °, and more preferably to 120 to 135 °. By doing so, gaseous fuel will be supplied toward "the area | region where the flow of combustion air is slow", Therefore The generation amount of a particulate matter can be increased more. In the particulate matter generating device 100 of the present embodiment, “the position 22 at which the combustion air flow is the slowest” includes the central axis of the inlet portion 18 and the central axis of the outlet portion 19 of the drift flow forming pipe 11. In a cross section cut along a plane (see FIG. 4), combustion from the “end position 17 on the inner periphery 14 b side at the end of the bend 17” inside the corner portion 14 of the drift forming pipe 11 toward the drift forming pipe outlet 13. When a straight line (inner circumference side straight line) is drawn parallel to the flow direction of the working air, the "inner circumference side straight line" and the This is a portion where the cross section perpendicular to the air flow direction intersects.

  In the particulate matter generator 100 of the present embodiment, the distance from the air inlet 1 of the combustion chamber to the main burner is preferably 70 to 400 mm. If it is shorter than 70 mm or longer than 400 mm, the amount of particulate matter produced may be reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 5, in the particulate matter generating device 100 of the present embodiment, the main burner 4 has “a supply hole 5 for supplying gaseous fuel is formed, and the opening diameter (diameter) of the supply hole 5 is It is preferable that the tubular structure is 4 to 10 mm. In the case where one supply hole 5 is formed in the main burner 4, if the opening diameter of the supply hole 5 is smaller than 4 mm or larger than 10 mm, the amount of particulate matter generated may be reduced. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the main burner 4 is preferably cylindrical, but may have a cylindrical shape whose bottom surface is a “polygon such as a quadrangle”. FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing a main burner constituting one embodiment of the particulate matter generating device of the present invention.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the position of the supply hole 5 of the main burner 4 is a cross section of the combustion chamber obtained by cutting the “position where the main burner 4 is inserted” on a plane orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air. It is preferably located in the range (range S) from the center 8 of the combustion chamber to 35% of the inner diameter (diameter) d of the combustion chamber 3. When the position of the supply hole 5 of the main burner 4 is farther from the center 8 of the combustion chamber 3 than the position 8 away from the center 8 of the combustion chamber 3 by 35% of the inner diameter d of the combustion chamber 3, the amount of particulate matter generated decreases. Sometimes. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a cross section of one embodiment of the particulate matter generating device of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows a cross section in which the combustion chamber 3 and the main burner 4 of the particulate matter generator are cut along a plane perpendicular to the gas flow direction.

The length and the inner diameter of the portion inserted into the combustion chamber 3 of the main burner 4 (the diameter in the cross section perpendicular to the central axis direction of the space portion inside the main burner 4) are not particularly limited, but the diameter of the combustion chamber The position and the hole diameter of the supply hole 5 of the main burner 4 are substantially determined. On the other hand, the hole diameter of the supply hole 5 of the main burner 4 is preferably 4 mm to 10 mm when the combustion air flow rate range is 0.25 to ⁴ Nm ³ / min. The wall thickness of the main burner 4 is preferably 3 to 10 mm, and more preferably 4 to 7 mm. If the wall thickness of the main burner 4 is too thin, the temperature of the wall surface of the combustion chamber 3 becomes high, so that the oxidative deterioration may become severe. If the wall thickness of the main burner 4 is too thick, it may take a long time to stabilize the combustion conditions. Furthermore, the particulate matter generator may become too heavy, and the manufacturing cost of the particulate matter generator may be high.

  Examples of the material of the main burner 4 include stainless steel and inconel.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the particulate matter generation device 100 of the present embodiment includes a pilot burner 6 that is disposed in the combustion chamber 3 and ignites the gaseous fuel supplied to the combustion chamber. The pilot burner 6 is preferably cylindrical and is preferably disposed on the wall surface of the straight pipe portion 3 a of the combustion chamber 3 from the side surface of the combustion chamber 3. The structure of the pilot burner 6 is preferably capable of automatic ignition, use of compressed air, and attachment of a flame detector. The pilot burner 6 is preferably arranged on the downstream side of the main burner 4 (downstream side in the gas flow direction), but may be arranged on the upstream side of the main burner 4.

  Examples of the material of the pilot burner 6 include stainless steel and carbon steel.

(2) Manufacturing method of particulate matter generator:
Although it does not specifically limit as a manufacturing method of one Embodiment of the particulate matter generator of this invention, For example, the following method can be mentioned.

  A combustion chamber, a main burner, a pilot burner, and a drift forming pipe are respectively produced using predetermined materials. The materials of the combustion chamber, the main burner, the pilot burner, and the drift forming pipe are preferably materials that are preferable in one embodiment of the particulate matter generator of the present invention. The combustion chamber, the main burner, the pilot burner, and the drift forming pipe are each preferably formed into a shape or the like that is preferable in the embodiment of the particulate matter generation device of the present invention.

  The produced combustion chamber, main burner, pilot burner, and drift flow forming pipe are assembled so as to have a preferred positional relationship in one embodiment of the particulate matter generating device of the present invention, and the particulate shape of the present invention is assembled. It is preferable to obtain an embodiment of the substance generator.

(3) Particulate matter generation method:
One embodiment of the particulate matter generation method of the present invention is a method of generating particulate matter using one embodiment of the particulate matter generation apparatus of the present invention.

Thus, in one embodiment of the particulate matter generation method of the present invention, the particulate matter is generated using the embodiment of the particulate matter generation apparatus of the present invention, so that the particles having a high combustion temperature are used. A large amount of particulate matter can be generated. Specifically, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter can be set to 500 to 520 ° C. Then, 0.75 g or more of particulate matter can be generated per 1 Nm ^{3 of} combustion air. Thereby, evaluation of DPF can be implemented efficiently.

  The particulate matter generating method of the present embodiment uses the particulate matter generating apparatus 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 to supply combustion air F1 from the air inlet 1 and continuously supply gaseous fuel from the main burner 4. The gas fuel is ignited by the pilot burner 6 to burn the gaseous fuel to generate particulate matter, and the gas containing particulate matter (particulate matter-containing gas) F2 is discharged from the gas outlet 2. is there. And the particulate matter generator 100 used for the particulate matter generation method of this embodiment is provided with the drift forming pipe 11, and the combustion air F <b> 1 passing through the drift forming pipe 11 is in the combustion chamber. 3 air inlets 1.

In the particulate matter generation method of this embodiment, the combustion air F1 is supplied from the air inlet 1 so that the average excess air ratio (average excess air ratio in the combustion chamber) is 0.8 to 3.0. Is preferred. The average excess air ratio is more preferably 1.0 to 1.5. When the average excess air ratio is less than 0.8, the combustion temperature of the generated “particulate matter mainly composed of carbon” may be lowered. When the average excess air ratio is larger than 3.0, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter may be lowered. Further, the relationship between the average excess air ratio and the amount of particulate matter produced is as follows. For example, when the average excess air ratio is 1.2, a particulate matter of 0.77 to 1.16 g / Nm ³ can be generated. Furthermore, a particulate matter of 1.0 to 1.6 g / Nm ³ can be generated by lowering the average excess air ratio and extinguishing the pilot burner. If the average excess air ratio is 3.0, the amount of particulate matter generated can be minimized to 0.03 g / Nm ³ .

  In the particulate matter generation method of the present embodiment, it is preferable to extinguish the pilot burner 6 after the main burner 4 is ignited. Extinguishing the pilot burner 6 can increase the amount of particulate matter generated. This is probably because the particulate matter generated by the main burner is burned by the pilot burner. The fire extinguishing time of the pilot burner is preferably 10 to 20 seconds after the main burner 4 is ignited. This is because if the pilot burner 6 is extinguished before 10 seconds later, the main burner 4 may disappear thereafter. Therefore, it is sufficient if it is a time until the main burner burns stably without misfiring.

(4) Porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus:
As shown in FIG. 8, one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention (porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200) is one embodiment of the particulate matter generating apparatus of the present invention (particles). A particulate matter generator 100) and a sample storage container 31 for accommodating a porous ceramic structure 32, which is an evaluation sample, disposed on the gas outlet 2 side of the particulate matter generator 100, and generating particulate matter The particulate matter generated in the apparatus 100 is sent together with the gas to the sample storage container 31 (particulate matter-containing gas F2 is sent to the sample storage container 31), and the gas containing particulate matter (particulate matter-containing gas F2) is sampled. This can be supplied to the porous ceramic structure 32 stored in the storage container 31. FIG. 8 is a side view schematically showing one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention.

  As described above, the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment uses the particulate matter produced by the particulate matter generation apparatus according to an embodiment (particulate matter generation apparatus 100) of the present invention as a sample storage container. 31 and can be supplied to the porous ceramic structure 32 housed in the sample storage container 31, so that a desired amount of particulate matter having a high combustion temperature is sent to the porous ceramic structure 32, The structure body 32 can be efficiently tested by collecting particulate matter. And the test result close | similar to the result at the time of mounting the porous ceramic structure 32 in a motor vehicle etc. and collecting a particulate matter can be obtained.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment includes a cooling air mixing pipe 34 having a cooling air introduction nozzle 33 on its side surface, a particulate matter generator 100, a sample storage container 31, and the like. It is preferable to prepare between. Then, the cooling air F3 supplied from the cooling air introduction nozzle 33 into the cooling air mixing pipe 34 and the particulate matter-containing gas F2 are mixed in the cooling air mixing pipe 34, and the exhaust gas (particulate substance-containing gas) is mixed. It is preferable that the temperature of F2) can be controlled. Thereby, the porous ceramic structure 32 can be evaluated under temperature conditions closer to actual use. The joining of the cooling air mixing tube 34 and the particulate matter generator 100 and the joining of the cooling air mixing tube 34 and the sample storage container 31 are preferably performed via a flange.

  Moreover, the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 of this embodiment controls the flow rate of the cooling air supply means 41 and the air (cooling air F3) supplied from the cooling air supply means 41, as shown in FIG. The cooling air flow rate control means 42 is further provided, and the cooling air F3 is introduced from the cooling air supply means 41 between the particulate matter generating device 100 and the sample storage container 31, and contains the cooling air F3 and the particulate matter. It is preferable that the temperature of the exhaust gas (particulate substance-containing gas F2) can be controlled by mixing the gas (particulate substance-containing gas F2). It is preferable that the cooling air supply means 41 and the cooling air supply nozzle are connected by piping. FIG. 9 is a side view schematically showing one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention.

  Although it does not specifically limit as the cooling air supply means 41, Specifically, a compressor, a blower, etc. can be mentioned. Although it does not specifically limit as the cooling air flow control means 42, Specifically, a pressure reducing valve, a flow regulating valve, etc. can be mentioned.

  In the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 of the present embodiment, the sample storage container 31 is preferably a cylindrical can body, but the bottom surface is a cylindrical can body having a polygon such as a square. Also good. Further, the sample storage container 31 is preferably provided with an inlet pipe 31a on the gas inlet side and an outlet pipe 31b on the gas outlet side. The rectifying pipe 35 and the inlet pipe 31a are connected to the cooling air mixing pipe 34, and the mixed gas of the particulate matter-containing gas F2 and the cooling air F3 discharged from the cooling air mixing pipe 34 is stored in the sample from the inlet pipe 31a. It is preferable to flow into the container 31, pass through the sample storage container 31, and be discharged to the outside from the outlet pipe 31 b. When the cooling air mixing pipe 34 is not used, the inlet pipe 31 a is preferably connected to the gas outlet 2 of the combustion chamber 3.

  The size of the sample storage container 31 is not particularly limited as long as the porous ceramic structure to be tested can be stored therein. Examples of the material of the sample storage container 31 include stainless steel. The material of the inlet tube 31a and the material of the outlet tube 31b are preferably the same as the material of the sample storage container 31. The inner diameter (diameter) of the inlet pipe 31a is substantially determined by the diameter of the sample, and is preferably 50 to 106 mm in consideration of the diameter of the sample that is normally used. It is also a preferable aspect that the maximum inner diameter of the inlet pipe 31a and the inner diameter of the cooling air mixing pipe 34 are substantially the same. Further, the length of the inlet pipe 31a in the gas flow direction is substantially determined by the diameter of the sample, and is preferably 50 to 200 mm in consideration of the diameter of the sample that is normally used. The inner diameter (diameter) of the outlet pipe 31b is preferably substantially equal to the inner diameter of the inlet pipe 31a. Further, the length of the outlet pipe 31b in the gas flow direction is preferably 50 to 300 mm.

  In the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 of the present embodiment, the cooling air mixing pipe 34 is preferably a pipe having an opening having the same shape as the gas outlet 2 of the combustion chamber 3. The length of the cooling air mixing pipe 34 in the gas flow direction is not particularly limited, but it is desirable that the length is at least twice the inner diameter of the cooling air supply nozzle. In order to prevent insufficient mixing of the cooling air and the particulate matter-containing gas, the cooling air and particulate matter-containing gas mixing pipe (rectifier pipe 35) is provided between the outlet of the cooling air mixing pipe 34 and the inlet pipe 31a. ) Is preferably installed. The length of the rectifying pipe 35 is preferably at least three times the inner diameter of the cooling air supply nozzle 33.

  The connection position of the cooling air supply nozzle 33 disposed in the cooling air mixing pipe 34 is not particularly limited, but “cooling air mixing” is performed from the “end on the side connected to the combustion chamber 3” of the cooling air mixing pipe 34. From the “position separated by 30% of the length of the pipe 34” from the end of the cooling air mixing pipe 34 on the side connected to the combustion chamber 3, “80% of the length of the cooling air mixing pipe 34” It is preferable to be connected to a range up to “a position separated by a length”. The inner diameter of the cooling air supply nozzle 33 is preferably 50 to 110 mm.

  The cooling air supply nozzle 33 has an angle (small side angle) formed by the traveling direction of the cooling air flowing from the cooling air supply nozzle 33 and the direction in which the gas in the cooling air mixing pipe 34 flows is 30 to 60 °. It is preferable that the cooling air mixing pipe 34 is disposed so that Thereby, mixing with cooling air and particulate matter content gas can fully be performed. Examples of the material of the cooling air supply nozzle 33 and the cooling air supply nozzle 33 include stainless steel and nickel alloy.

  The porous ceramic structure 32 evaluated by the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is used as a filter for collecting particulate matter from exhaust gas or the like. For example, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, “a partition wall 51 made of a porous ceramic” that forms a plurality of cells 52 that “pass through from one end face 55 to the other end face 56” and serve as fluid flow paths. A ceramic honeycomb structure 50 having an outer peripheral wall 54 located on the outer periphery, and having a plugged portion 53 at an opening of a predetermined cell on one end face 55 and an opening of a remaining cell on the other end face 56. Can be mentioned. In the ceramic honeycomb structure 50 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the predetermined cell in which the plugging portion 53 is formed on one end surface 55 side and the plugging portion 53 on the other end surface 56 side are formed. The remaining cells are alternately arranged, and a checkered pattern is formed on one end face 55 and the other end face 56. FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically showing a ceramic honeycomb structure 50 to be evaluated in one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section parallel to the cell extending direction of the ceramic honeycomb structure 50 to be evaluated by one embodiment of the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus of the present invention.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
A porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200 having a structure as shown in FIG. 8 was produced using stainless steel having a thickness of 9 mm as a material. The “inlet length D1” (see FIG. 1) in the drift flow forming pipe 11 is 30 mm, the “exit length D2” (see FIG. 1) is 14 mm, and the outside of the corner portion 14 (see FIG. 1). The radius of the arc on the outer periphery 14a side was set to 130 mm. Moreover, the internal diameter (diameter) of the linear part (inlet part and exit part) of the piping 11 for drift formation was 70 mm. The drift forming pipe 11 was formed by bending cylindrical stainless steel (L-shaped pipe with curved corners). The length of the combustion chamber 3 in the gas flow direction is 800 mm, the inner diameter (diameter) of the air inlet 1 (see FIG. 1) is 70 mm, and the inner diameter (diameter) of the gas outlet 2 (see FIG. 1) is 106 mm. The inner diameter (diameter) of the central parallel portion (portion not tapered) was set to 130 mm. The combustion chamber 3 has a structure in which both ends of a cylindrical shape are formed in a tapered shape. The length of the cooling air mixing pipe 34 in the gas flow direction was 450 mm, and the inner diameter was the same as the inner diameter of the gas outlet 2 of the combustion chamber 3 (see FIG. 1). The cooling air supply nozzle 33 disposed in the cooling air mixing tube 34 has an inner diameter (diameter) of 106 mm. The cooling air mixing pipe 34 and the cooling air supply nozzle 33 were cylindrical. The sample storage container 31 had a cylindrical shape with an inner diameter (diameter) of 313 mm and a length of 360 mm. As the cooling air flow rate adjusting means, a pressure reducing valve and a flow rate adjusting valve were used. Moreover, the air (cooling air) generated by the cooling air supply means was used as combustion air and cooling air.

  Moreover, the distance from the inlet 1 (refer FIG. 1) of the combustion chamber 3 to the main burner 4 was 210 mm. The main burner 4 was a cylinder having a diameter (inner diameter) of 10.5 mm, and one supply hole 5 (see FIG. 2) having a diameter of 6 mm was formed. The main burner 4 was arranged so that the supply hole was located at the center of the combustion chamber 3 in a cross section orthogonal to the gas flow direction. In addition, the direction of the supply hole was set so that “the supply direction of the gaseous fuel from the main burner” was 120 ° (see FIG. 4) (“the direction of the supply hole” was 120 °). As shown in FIG. 4, the flow of combustion air flows from the center of gravity (center) 21 in the “cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the combustion air” at the connection portion between the drift forming pipe and the air inlet of the combustion chamber. The flow forming pipe 11 is connected to the combustion chamber 3 so that the direction 23 toward the slowest position 22 is parallel to the 90 ° direction (Q90) which is “one direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air”. Arranged at the air inlet 1. The “position 22 at which the flow of combustion air is the slowest” is a cross section (cross section shown in FIG. 4) of the drift flow forming pipe 11 cut along a plane including the central axis of the inlet portion 18 and the central axis of the outlet portion 19. ), A straight line (inner side) parallel to the flow direction of the combustion air from the “bending end position 17 on the inner circumference 14b side” inside the corner portion 14 of the drift forming pipe 11 toward the drift forming pipe outlet 13. When the (circumferential straight line) is drawn, the "inner peripheral straight line" and the "cross section orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air at the connecting portion between the drift forming pipe and the combustion chamber air inlet" intersect. Part. Thereby, the flow velocity of the combustion air at the position of the supply hole formed in the main burner in the combustion chamber becomes slower than the average flow velocity of the entire combustion air in the combustion chamber.

Particulate matter was generated using the porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus 200. As the fuel, LPG (liquefied propane gas) vaporized was used. The amount of gaseous fuel used (the amount of LPG used) was 25.7 liters / minute. Combustion air was supplied at 0.5 Nm ³ / min, and the total amount of gas after adding cooling air was 3.5 Nm ³ / min. The average excess air ratio λ was 0.8. The average excess air ratio λ is a value obtained by the equation “λ = combustion air flow rate (Nm ³ / min) / (fuel flow rate (Nm ³ /min)×24.3)”. The pilot burner remained ignited after the main burner was ignited.

  The amount of particulate matter generated (particulate matter generation amount) generated by the above particulate matter generation method is measured by the following method, and the combustion temperature of the generated particulate matter (particulate matter combustion temperature) is measured by the following method. It was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Amount of particulate matter generated)
Particulate matter generated by the particulate matter generation method was collected with filter paper, and the amount of particulate matter generated per unit time was calculated from the increased mass.

(Combustion temperature of particulate matter)
The “filter paper on which the particulate matter is collected” obtained by the above-mentioned method for measuring the “amount of particulate matter generated” is heated to 450 ° C. in an electric furnace, and then “every 10 ° C. is heated for 10 minutes. The temperature was raised while repeating the operation of “holding”, and the temperature when the particulate matter on the filter paper was completely burned out was defined as the combustion temperature of the particulate matter.

(Examples 2 to 7)
By changing the amount of gaseous fuel used as shown in Table 1, particulate matter was generated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the average excess air ratio was changed. Further, “particulate matter generation amount” and “particulate matter combustion temperature” were also measured by the above method in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Reference example)
Particulate matter was generated using the PM generator described in JP-A-2007-155712. Light oil was used as the liquid fuel used. The amount of light oil used (the amount of liquid fuel used) was 3.6 liters / hour. In the intermittent fuel injection means, the fuel injection time (valve opening time) was 15 milliseconds, and the fuel injection period (valve opening period) was 60 milliseconds. As a result, the duty ratio (valve opening time / valve opening cycle) was 0.25. The supply amount of combustion air was 0.45 Nm ³ / min, and the total air amount was 4.0 Nm ³ / min. The average excess air ratio λ was 0.81, and the instantaneous excess air ratio was 0.20. The instantaneous excess air ratio is the excess air ratio of the portion where the concentration of the liquid fuel becomes high at the moment when the liquid fuel is injected. In the same manner as in Example 1, “particulate matter generation amount” and “particulate matter combustion temperature” were measured by the above methods. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 8)
Except that the supply amount of combustion air is 1.0 Nm ³ / min, the average excess air ratio λ is 1.2, and the direction of the fuel supply hole of the main burner 4 is 0 ° (see FIG. 4). In the same manner as in Example 1, particulate matter was generated. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 3. The particulate matter concentration is obtained by calculating the mass of particulate matter per 1 Nm ^{3 of} combustion air from the amount of particulate matter generated as a measured value.

(Examples 9 to 16)
Particulate matter was generated in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the “direction of the supply holes” was changed as shown in Table 3. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 3.

(Example 17)
The supply amount of combustion air is set to 2.0 Nm ³ / min, the main burner 4 is set to “a shape in which nine supply holes 5 are formed” as shown in FIG. 6, and the opening diameter (diameter) of each supply hole 5 is set. Was set to 2 mm, and the particulate excess was generated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the average excess air ratio λ was 1.2. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 4.

(Examples 18 to 23)
Particulate matter was generated in the same manner as in Example 17 except that the number of supply holes 5 in the main burner 4 was one and the diameter of the supply holes 5 was changed as shown in Table 4. The amount of particulate matter generated was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 4. In Example 23, the diameter (inner diameter) of the cylindrical main burner 4 was 14 mm.

(Example 24)
The length D2 (see FIG. 1) of the outlet straight pipe 19 that is the length from the bending end position 17 (position where the drift occurs) in the drift forming pipe 11 to the combustion air inlet 1 is 420 mm, and combustion. The distance from the industrial air inlet 1 to the main burner 4 was 210 mm. The supply amount of combustion air was 3.0 Nm ³ / min, and the average excess air ratio λ was 1.2. In addition, the diameter of the main burner 4, the direction and diameter of the supply holes, the combustion chamber 3, and the like generated particulate matter in the same manner as in Example 1. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 5.

(Examples 25-29)
The length D2 of the outlet straight pipe 19 that is the length from the bending end position 17 (position where the drift occurs) in the drift forming pipe 11 to the combustion air inlet 1 is changed as shown in Table 5. Produced particulate matter in the same manner as in Example 24. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 5.

(Example 30)
The distance from the combustion air inlet 1 to the main burner 4 is 30 mm, and the outlet side is the length from the bending end position 17 (position where the drift occurs) to the combustion air inlet 1 in the drift forming pipe 11. The length D2 (see FIG. 1) of the straight pipe 19 was 14 mm, the supply amount of combustion air was 1.0 Nm ³ / min, and the average excess air ratio λ was 1.2. In addition, the diameter of the main burner 4, the direction and diameter of the supply holes, the combustion chamber 3, and the like generated particulate matter in the same manner as in Example 1. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 6.

(Examples 31-35)
Particulate matter was generated in the same manner as in Example 30, except that the distance from the combustion air inlet 1 to the main burner 4 was changed as shown in Table 5. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 6.

(Examples 36 to 38)
The length D2 (see FIG. 1) of the outlet straight pipe 19 that is the length from the bending end position 17 (position where the drift occurs) in the drift forming pipe 11 to the combustion air inlet 1 is 420 mm, and combustion. Except for changing the supply amount of the working air as shown in Table 7, the excess air ratio λ, the diameter of the main burner 4, the direction and diameter of the supply holes, and the combustion chamber 3 are the same as in Example 1. A substance was generated. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 7.

(Examples 39 to 41)
The length D2 (see FIG. 1) of the outlet straight pipe 19 that is the length from the bending end position 17 (position where the drift occurs) in the drift forming pipe 11 to the combustion air inlet 1 is 14 mm, and combustion. Except for changing the flow rate of the working air as shown in Table 7, the excess air ratio λ, the diameter of the main burner 4, the direction and diameter of the supply holes, the combustion chamber 3 and the like are in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Generated material. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 7.

(Example 42)
The inner diameter (diameter) of the central parallel portion (straight pipe portion 3a) (see FIG. 1) of the combustion chamber 3 is 81 mm, and straight portions of the drift forming pipe 11 (inlet side straight pipe 18 and outlet side straight pipe 19) ( The inner diameter (diameter) of FIG. 1 was 43 mm, and the length D2 (see FIG. 1) of the outlet straight pipe 19 in the drift flow forming pipe 11 was 14 mm. Further, the distance from the combustion air inlet 1 to the main burner 4 is set to be three times (129 mm) the inner diameter (diameter) of the straight portions (inlet side straight pipe 18 and outlet side straight pipe 19) of the drift forming pipe 11; The length of the combustion chamber 3 in the gas flow direction was 800 mm. The supply amount of combustion air was 0.25 Nm ³ / min, and the average excess air ratio λ was 1.2. Further, other conditions such as the diameter of the main burner 4, the direction and diameter of the supply holes, and the like were generated in the same manner as in Example 1. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 8.

(Examples 43 to 59)
The length of the outlet-side straight pipe 19 (see FIG. 1) of the drift forming pipe 11 is 14 mm, and the distance from the combustion air inlet 1 to the main burner 4 is the straight portion of the drift forming pipe 11 (the inlet-side straight pipe 18). And 3 times the inner diameter (diameter) of the outlet straight pipe 19). Further, the length of the combustion chamber 3 in the gas flow direction is set to 800 mm, the inner diameter of the combustion chamber (the diameter of the central portion in the gas flow direction), the inner diameter of the drift forming pipe 11, the supply amount of combustion air, and the combustion Table 7 shows the average air flow velocity. Further, other conditions such as the diameter of the main burner 4, the direction and diameter of the supply holes, and the like were generated in the same manner as in Example 1. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 8.

(Example 60)
The “direction of the supply hole” is 120 °, the inner diameter of the combustion chamber (the diameter of the central portion in the gas flow direction) is 130 mm, the supply amount of combustion air is 3.0 Nm ³ / min, and the average excess air ratio λ The particulate matter was generated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratio was changed to 1.2. In the same manner as in Example 1, the main burner 4 was arranged so that “the supply hole is located at the center of the combustion chamber 3” in the cross section perpendicular to the gas flow direction (supply hole position: 0 mm). The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 9.

(Examples 61 to 64)
Particulate matter was generated in the same manner as in Example 60 except that the position from the center of the supply hole was changed from the center to the outside as shown in Table 9. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 9.

(Examples 65 and 66)
The amount of combustion air supplied was 1.0 Nm ³ / min, the average excess air ratio λ was 1.2, and particulate matter was generated in the same manner as in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, the main burner 4 was arranged so that “the supply hole is located at the center of the combustion chamber 3” in the cross section perpendicular to the gas flow direction (supply hole position: 0 mm). The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 10. Example 66 is the same as Example 65, “The pilot burner was fired 15 seconds after the main burner was ignited”.

(Examples 67 and 68)
Particulate matter was generated in the same manner as in Example 65 except that the amount of combustion air supplied was 2.0 Nm ³ / min. The “particulate matter generation amount” was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 10. Example 68 is the same as Example 67, “The pilot burner was ignited after 15 seconds after the main burner was ignited”.

  From Tables 1 and 2, the combustion temperature of the particulate matter generated by the particulate matter generation methods of Examples 1 to 7 is higher than the combustion temperature of the particulate matter generated by the particulate matter generation method of the conventional example. Recognize. Since the combustion temperature of the particulate matter discharged from the actual diesel engine is about 500 to 560 ° C., a particulate matter equivalent to this is obtained by the particulate matter generation method of Examples 1 to 7. I understand.

  From Table 3, it can be seen that a large amount of particulate matter is generated particularly when the “direction of the supply holes” is 120 to 180 °.

  From Table 4, it can be seen that a larger amount of particulate matter is generated when the number of supply holes of the main burner is set to one and the gaseous fuel is concentrated and supplied into the combustion chamber without being dispersed. Further, it can be seen that a large amount of particulate matter is generated particularly when the diameter of the supply hole 5 of the main burner 4 is in the range of 4 to 10 mm.

According to Table 5, “the distance from the position (bend end position) 17 (refer to FIG. 1) where the combustion air flows in the drift forming pipe 11 to the air inlet 1“ the length D2 of the outlet straight pipe ”(FIG. 1)), it can be seen that the amount of particulate matter generated increases at 140 mm or less. The shorter the length, the greater the drift near the main burner.

  From Table 6, it can be seen that a large amount of particulate matter is generated when the distance from the combustion air inlet 1 to the main burner 4 is 70 to 400 mm. When the distance to the main burner 4 is 30 mm, it is too close to the combustion air inlet 1, so the flow speed of combustion air is fast, the mixing of fuel and combustion air is improved, and the amount of particulate matter generated is reduced. It seems to be. On the other hand, in the case of 600 mm, since the distance from the drift pipe is long, the rectification of the combustion air proceeds, the drift effect is reduced, and the generation amount of particulate matter is considered to be reduced.

From Table 7, in order to efficiently evaluate the thermal shock resistance and durability of the ceramic structure, it is preferable that the amount of particulate matter generated is large. Specifically, the concentration of the particulate matter is preferably 0.75 g or more per 1 Nm ³ of combustion air. The distance from the position (the end position of bending) 17 (see FIG. 1) where the drifting air flows in the drift forming pipe 11 to the air inlet 1 “the length D2 of the outlet straight pipe” (see FIG. 1) is In a long case, in order to set the concentration of the particulate matter to 0.75 g or more per 1 Nm ³ of combustion air, when the inner diameter (diameter) of the combustion chamber 3 is 130 mm, the supply amount of combustion air is about 1 Nm ³ / min. It turns out that it is a limit. On the other hand, if the short "length D2 of the outlet-side straight pipe", it can be seen that occur in a concentration of 0.75 (g / Nm ³⁾ or more to 3 Nm ³ / min. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the combustion chamber by shortening the “exit length D2” and increasing the drift.

From Table 8, in order to achieve a particulate matter concentration of 0.75 (g / Nm ³ ) or more, the inner diameter of the combustion chamber is 106 mm when the combustion air supply rate is 2.0 (Nm ³ / min). When the combustion air supply rate is 3.0 (Nm ³ / min), the inner diameter of the combustion chamber is 130 mm or more, and when the combustion air supply rate is 4.0 (Nm ³ / min) Is required to have an inner diameter of the combustion chamber of 155 mm or more, and the average flow velocity of the straight pipe portion of the combustion chamber 3 at this time is 4.0 m / second or less.

  From Table 9, it can be seen that the amount of particulate matter generated increases when the supply holes of the main burner are arranged at positions where the combustion air flow velocity is shifted to the outside from the center of the combustion chamber. In particular, it can be seen that a large amount of particulate matter is generated particularly in the range of a distance of 15 to 35% from the center of the combustion chamber at the supply hole position as a ratio to the diameter (diameter) of the combustion chamber.

  From Table 10, it can be seen that the amount of particulate matter generated is increased by extinguishing the pilot burner after “igniting the main burner”.

  The particulate matter generator of the present invention is a porous ceramic structure for collecting particulate matter contained in exhaust gas discharged from an automobile engine, construction machine engine, industrial stationary engine, combustion equipment, etc. It can utilize suitably in order to evaluate.

1: Air inlet, 2: Gas outlet, 3: Combustion chamber, 3a: Straight pipe portion, 3b: Tapered portion, 4: Main burner, 5: Supply hole (hole for supplying gaseous fuel), 6: Pilot burner, 7 : Flange (saddle part), 8: center of combustion chamber, 11: pipe for drift formation, 12: pipe inlet for drift formation, 13: pipe outlet for drift formation, 14: corner, 14a: outer periphery (outer corner ), 14b: Inner circumference (inner circumference of corner), 15: Flange, 16: Bending start position, 17: Bending end position (position where drift occurs), 18: Inlet straight pipe, 19: Outlet straight 21: center of gravity (center), 22: position where the flow of combustion air is slowest, 23: direction from the center of gravity (center) toward the position where the flow of combustion air is slowest, 31: sample storage container, 31a: inlet Pipe, 31b: outlet pipe, 32: porous ceramic structure, 33: cold Air, 34: cooling air mixing pipe, 35: rectifying pipe, 41: cooling air supply means, 42: cooling air flow rate control means, 50: honeycomb structure, 51: partition walls, 52: cell, 53: plugging portion, 54: outer peripheral wall, 55: one end face, 56: the other end face, 100: particulate matter generator, 200: porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus, D1: length of inlet side straight pipe, D2: outlet side straight Tube length, F1: Combustion air, F2: Particulate matter-containing gas, F3: Cooling air, Q: Gaseous fuel supply direction (direction of supply hole), Q0: 0 ° direction, Q90: 90 ° direction, Q180: 180 ° direction, Q270: 270 ° direction, d: inner diameter, S: range.

Claims (13)

Combustion having an air inlet for supplying combustion air and a gas outlet for discharging particulate matter-containing gas containing generated particulate matter, and gaseous fuel is burned inside to generate particulate matter Room,
A main burner inserted into the combustion chamber and formed with a supply hole for continuously supplying gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber;
A pilot burner disposed in the combustion chamber for igniting the gaseous fuel supplied to the combustion chamber;
A drift that is disposed at the air inlet of the combustion chamber and causes a drift in the combustion air by biasing a region where the flow velocity of the combustion air is high in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the combustion air from a central portion. With piping for forming ,
The drift flow forming pipe has an inlet-side straight pipe extending linearly on one end side and an outlet-side straight pipe extending linearly on the other end side, and the inlet-side straight pipe and the outlet corners leading to the side straight pipe is curved to form a L-shaped pipe der Ru particulate generator. The particulate matter generator according to claim 1, wherein a length of the outlet-side straight pipe of the drift forming pipe is 140 mm or less. The particulate matter generator according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a distance from the air inlet to the main burner is 70 to 400 mm. The flow direction of the combustion air is such that the flow direction of the combustion air is 0 ° in the plane including the flow direction of the combustion air in the supply direction of the gaseous fuel supplied from the main burner. The particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , which is a 90 to 270 ° direction when one direction orthogonal to the direction is a 90 ° direction. The main burner is tubular structure, the supply hole for supplying the gaseous fuel to the main burner is one form, the opening diameter of the supply hole according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is a 4~10mm Particulate matter generator. In the cross section of the combustion chamber, the supply hole of the main burner cuts the position where the main burner is inserted in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction of the combustion air, from the center of the combustion chamber to the combustion chamber. The particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , which is located in a range of up to 35% of the inner diameter. The combustion chamber has a cylindrical shape having a straight pipe portion having a uniform diameter in the central portion in the central axis direction and a tapered portion formed in a tapered shape at both ends in the central axis direction,
When the inner diameter of the straight pipe portion of the combustion chamber is the maximum flow rate during use when the flow rate of the combustion air flowing through the straight pipe portion is such that the average flow velocity of the combustion air is 4.0 m / sec or less. The particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , which has a large size. 8. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber has a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical shape having tapered portions at both ends, a cylindrical shape having a bottom surface that is a polygon, or a cylindrical shape having both ends tapered and a bottom surface having a polygonal shape. The particulate matter generator according to any one of the above.   A particulate matter generation method for generating particulate matter using the particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8.   The combustion air is supplied from the air inlet so that the average excess air ratio becomes 0.8 to 3.0, the gaseous fuel is continuously supplied from the main burner, and the gaseous fuel is supplied by the pilot burner. The particulate matter generation method according to claim 9, wherein the particulate fuel is combusted to generate particulate matter by burning the gas fuel, and the gas containing the particulate matter is discharged from the gas outlet.   The method for generating particulate matter according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the pilot burner is extinguished after the main burner is ignited. A particulate matter generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and a sample storage container for accommodating a porous ceramic structure as an evaluation sample, disposed on the gas outlet side of the particulate matter generation device; With
The particulate matter generated in the particulate matter generator is sent to the sample storage container together with a gas, and the gas containing the particulate matter is supplied to the porous ceramic structure housed in the sample storage container. Porous ceramic structure evaluation device. A cooling air supply means; and a cooling air flow rate control means for controlling a flow rate of air supplied from the cooling air supply means,
Cooling air is introduced from the cooling air supply means between the particulate matter generating device and the sample storage container, the cooling air and the gas containing the particulate matter are mixed, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is controlled. The porous ceramic structure evaluation apparatus according to claim 12, which can be performed.

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