JP2018066587A - Particulate substance generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a PM generator that is used at the time of evaluating purification processing performance of exhaust gas purification devices and the like, and that can increase freedom of a setting range of various parameters, such as an exhaust gas flow rate and amount of PM generation, and can separately control the various parameters.SOLUTION: A PM generator 1 includes: a main combustion chamber 10; a main burner 20 for generating a primary combustion gas 14; a sub combustion chamber 30 having therein a sub combustion space 31 communicated to a main combustion space 11; a sub burner 40 for making a flame direction accord with a direction orthogonal to a flow direction of the primary combustion gas 14 to generate a secondary combustion flame 37 and generate a secondary combustion gas 39; and a flame retaining section 50 for shielding at least part of the secondary combustion flame 37 and protecting it.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a particulate matter generator. More specifically, the particulate matter generation that can be individually controlled with a wide range of freedom for setting various parameters such as exhaust gas flow rate, exhaust gas composition, generation amount of particulate matter, and particle size distribution of particulate matter. The present invention relates to a device (hereinafter simply referred to as “PM generator”).

  Exhaust gas emitted from various internal combustion engines such as diesel engines and gasoline engines for automobiles contains many particulate matter (particulate matter) such as dust, soot, and carbon fine particles. Yes. It is known that releasing these particulate substances (hereinafter simply referred to as “PM”) directly into the atmosphere has a great influence on the natural environment and the human body. For this reason, the exhaust of exhaust gas containing PM is restricted directly into the atmosphere by various laws and regulations, and in recent years the regulations tend to be strengthened. Therefore, after performing a purification process for removing PM contained in the exhaust gas using an exhaust gas purification device or a particulate collection filter (hereinafter referred to as “exhaust gas purification device etc.”), the exhaust gas is in the atmosphere. Has been released.

  The exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) and GPF (Gasoline Particulate Filter) using a ceramic honeycomb structure, or selective reduction catalyst (SCR) and ternary using a honeycomb structure. A honeycomb catalyst body on which a catalyst such as a catalyst (TWC: Three Way Catalyst) is supported is mainly used. When using an exhaust gas purification device or the like composed of these DPFs and the like, it is preliminarily evaluated for purification performance and durability such as PM collection efficiency and PM collection amount.

  For example, an exhaust system of an automobile engine installed in an actual automobile is connected to an exhaust gas purification device, etc., and exhaust gas generated by the operation of the automobile engine is directly introduced into the exhaust gas purification device etc. Analysis, PM collection amount, or collection efficiency is evaluated.

  In addition, by mixing PM collected from carbon fine particles and actual exhaust gas with a high-temperature gas, exhaust gas containing PM is simulated and reproduced. Furthermore, incomplete combustion of light oil or hydrocarbons and intentionally generating exhaust gas containing PM, or generation of exhaust gas containing PM of carbon fine particles by sparking a graphite electrode, etc. are performed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

  On the other hand, by using a gas burner equipped with intermittent fuel injection means, and intermittently injecting gaseous fuel into the combustion air, a PM generator that temporarily generates incomplete combustion and generates a large amount of PM ( The region where the flow velocity of the combustion air is high in the cross section orthogonal to the flow direction of the combustion air is biased from the center of the combustion chamber at the air inlet for supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber. PM generator (see Patent Document 3) provided with a drift forming pipe that creates a drift in combustion air, or a particulate matter generating main burner that generates particulate matter as a main burner and filter regeneration Evaluation using a particulate matter-containing gas or a filter regeneration high-temperature gas generator (see Patent Document 4) having two main burners, together with a high-temperature gas generation main burner for use is proposed. It is.

JP-A-2005-214742 JP 2007-155712 A JP 2011-209202 A JP 2012-189454 A

  However, the above method for evaluating the purification performance of the exhaust gas purification device or the like and the PM generator may cause the following problems. In other words, an actual automobile engine is likely to require a comparatively large test facility for evaluation, and there is a possibility that the facility cost, the maintenance cost, and the like are increased. Furthermore, because there is a possibility that the automobile engine may break down or break down, parameters such as the exhaust gas flow rate that greatly deviated from the normal operating conditions of the automobile engine cannot be changed, and the test conditions are within the standard range. In some cases, the parameter setting freedom is limited to a narrow range.

  On the other hand, in the case of the PM generators shown in Patent Documents 1 to 4, the test equipment can be designed more compactly than the use of the automobile engine, and it is possible to prevent an increase in equipment costs and the like. Further, parameters such as the exhaust gas flow rate can be changed within a relatively wide range.

  However, in the case of Patent Document 1, PM collected in advance is used, and exhaust gas is not completely reproduced. In the case of Patent Document 2, since it is configured with only one gas burner, it is difficult to individually control the exhaust gas flow rate, the PM generation amount, and the like, and the degree of freedom of parameter setting may still be limited. It was.

  On the other hand, the PM generator disclosed in Patent Document 3 or 4 has two burners in its configuration. However, in the case of Patent Document 3, it is assumed that the main burner is provided with a pilot burner for igniting the main burner, and that the pilot burner is extinguished after the main burner is ignited. Therefore, the two burners are not operated simultaneously and continuously, and the setting and changing of the parameters such as the exhaust gas flow rate are still performed only by the main burner as in the above-mentioned Patent Document 2.

  In addition, the particulate matter-containing gas or filter regeneration hot gas generator disclosed in Patent Document 4 has an additional burner configuration for assisting temperature in order to increase the gas temperature generation capability of the generated gas. The exhaust gas flow rate, PM generation amount, and the like were controlled by one main burner. That is, although the PM generator disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4 includes two burners in terms of configuration, it does not have a function of individually controlling various parameters.

  In particular, when the above-described automobile engine is used, it has not been possible to control whether or not PM is generated in a hot state during operation. Therefore, evaluation when the automobile engine is cold started is performed. In the cold start, the engine is started from a state in which the automobile engine is cooled at the same temperature as or outside the outside air temperature. However, in the case of cold start, since the temperature of the automobile engine itself gradually changes with the start, there is a problem that the PM generation conditions change and the evaluation is not stable. The problem is the same in the case of the PM generator. Therefore, there has been a demand for an apparatus that can generate stable PM even at a cold start and can control whether PM is generated even in a hot state. Thereby, it becomes possible to reproduce the initial PM collection state in the hot state immediately after the PM regeneration removal.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is used when evaluating the purification performance of an exhaust gas purification device or the like, and the degree of freedom of setting various parameters such as the exhaust gas flow rate and PM generation amount. It is an object of the present invention to provide a PM generator (particulate matter generator) capable of widening the range and individually controlling various parameters.

  In particular, by using a complete combustion flame, it is an object to provide a PM generator capable of maintaining a stable PM generation state even during a cold start and controlling the occurrence of PM even in a hot state. It is.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a particulate matter generator that solves the above-mentioned problems.

[1] A main combustion chamber having a main combustion space inside, a primary fuel and air for primary combustion are adjusted to a predetermined air-fuel ratio, and the mixed primary mixed fuel is continuously supplied to the main combustion space. A main burner that generates a primary combustion flame that is burned and generates a primary combustion gas, and a subcombustion space that communicates with the main combustion space of the main combustion chamber are provided therein, and the generated primary combustion gas is contained in the subcombustion gas. A primary combustion gas introduction section that can be introduced into the combustion space; an auxiliary combustion chamber having an exhaust gas discharge section for discharging exhaust gas from the auxiliary combustion space; The secondary mixed fuel adjusted to the fuel ratio is continuously supplied to the auxiliary combustion space, and the flame direction is set in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the primary combustion gas introduced from the primary combustion gas introduction unit. Secondary combustion flames that are matched and burnt completely A secondary burner that generates secondary combustion gas, and surrounds at least a portion of the secondary combustion flame that burns in the secondary combustion space, and is provided for the primary combustion gas introduced into the secondary combustion space. A particulate matter generating device comprising a flame holding part that shields and protects at least a part of the secondary combustion flame.

[2] The flame holding unit further includes a protection region changing mechanism that moves along a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the primary combustion gas and changes a protection region of the secondary combustion flame with respect to the primary combustion gas. The particulate matter generator according to [1] above.

[3] The particulate material generation according to [1] or [2], wherein the flame holding portion has a cylindrical shape and is a cylindrical flame holding portion that houses a part of the secondary combustion flame in a cylindrical space. apparatus.

[4] The main combustion chamber further includes a circulation gas discharge part for diverting a part of the primary combustion gas generated by the primary combustion flame and discharging it as a circulation gas, and is connected to the circulation gas discharge part, A circulation gas cooling unit that cools the exhausted circulation gas, and an exhaust gas recirculation unit that includes the recombustion unit that supplies the cooled circulation gas to the main burner together with the primary mixed fuel and recombusts the recirculation gas. The particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [3].

[5] The particulate matter generating device according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the primary fuel and the secondary fuel are the same type of fuel.

[6] The primary gas flow rate of the primary combustion gas generated by the main burner is set to be larger than the secondary gas flow rate of the secondary combustion gas generated by the auxiliary burner. The particulate matter generator according to any one of the above.

[7] The main burner uses diesel fuel as the primary fuel, and supplies the primary fuel mixture in which the air-fuel ratio with the primary combustion air is adjusted in a lean atmosphere to the main combustion chamber. -The particulate matter generator according to any one of [6].

[8] The main burner supplies the primary mixed fuel obtained by adjusting the primary fuel and the primary combustion air to a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio to the main combustion chamber, and the sub burner receives gasoline fuel as the secondary fuel. [1] to [6] that generate the secondary combustion gas that is used and supplies the secondary mixed fuel to the sub-combustion chamber, wherein the secondary mixed fuel is adjusted to have a rich air-fuel ratio with the secondary combustion air. The particulate matter generator according to any one of the above.

[9] The sub-combustion chamber further includes a gas speed adjustment unit that adjusts a primary gas speed of the primary combustion gas introduced into the sub-combustion space by changing an opening area of the introduction unit of the primary combustion gas introduction unit. The particulate matter generator according to any one of [1] to [8].

  According to the PM generator of the present invention, by providing two burners, a main burner and a sub-burner, it is possible to adjust the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas flow rate with the main burner and to generate PM with the sub-burner. Become. This makes it possible to individually control the exhaust gas flow rate, PM generation amount, etc. with the main burner and auxiliary burner, increasing the degree of freedom in setting each parameter, and performing test evaluation under a wide range of test conditions (evaluation conditions). It can be performed.

  Particularly, in order to generate PM by blowing off a part of the secondary combustion flame combusted by the auxiliary burner with the primary combustion gas, the main burner and the auxiliary burner only need to maintain a stable and complete combustion state, There is no need to intentionally create an incomplete combustion state as in the prior art. Therefore, it becomes difficult to be influenced by the surrounding environment. Therefore, the evaluation at the cold start can be stabilized, and more stable evaluation can be made possible by controlling the presence or absence of PM in the hot state. In particular, the initial PM collection state in the hot state after PM regeneration removal can be simulated. By the evaluation under the stable PM generation condition, it is possible to fully understand the phenomenon in the unstable condition at the cold start.

It is explanatory drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the exhaust gas purification apparatus connected with PM generator of this invention and PM generator. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically generation | occurrence | production of PM by a primary combustion gas. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically generation | occurrence | production of PM by the primary combustion gas in the state which moved the flame holding part downward and changed the protection area | region of the secondary combustion flame. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically protection of the secondary combustion flame by a cylindrical flame holding part. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically protection of the secondary combustion flame using a semi-cylindrical flame holding part. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the exhaust gas purification apparatus of another example structure connected with PM generator of this invention, and PM generator.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the particulate matter generator of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The particulate matter generator of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various design changes, modifications, improvements, etc. can be added without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a particulate matter generator 1 (hereinafter referred to as “PM generator 1”) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a main combustion chamber 10, a main burner 20, and a secondary combustion. The chamber 30, the auxiliary burner 40, and the flame holder 50 are mainly provided. The PM generator 1 further includes an exhaust gas recirculation unit 60 connected to the main combustion chamber 10. In FIG. 1, an exhaust gas purification device 70 that is connected to the PM generator 1 of the present embodiment and is subject to evaluation of purification performance such as the collection efficiency of particulate matter 38 (hereinafter referred to as “PM38”). Are also illustrated.

  Further, each configuration will be specifically described. The main combustion chamber 10 of the PM generator 1 is configured by a main casing 12 having a substantially cylindrical structure having a main combustion space 11 therein. Further, in a state where the burner tip 21 of the main burner 20 protrudes into the main combustion space 11, a main burner insertion support portion 13 for inserting and supporting the main burner 20, and a direction facing the main burner insertion support portion 13. A primary combustion gas flow path 15 having a tapered section and one end connected to the sub-combustion chamber 30 and leading the primary combustion gas 14 (details will be described later) to the sub-combustion chamber 30; A circulation gas discharge portion 17 is further provided, which is provided in the middle and diverts a part of the primary combustion gas 14 and discharges it as the circulation gas 16. Further, the main combustion chamber 10 includes an adjustment air supply unit 19 for supplying adjustment air 18 for adjusting the combustion state of the primary combustion flame 25 of the main combustion space 11.

  Here, the shape of the main combustion chamber 10 is not particularly limited. For example, the main combustion chamber 10 has a substantially horizontal cylindrical shape as a whole, and the primary combustion gas flow path 15 has a truncated cylindrical shape toward the downstream side. (See FIG. 1). Thereby, the flow of the primary combustion gas 14 can be sent to the auxiliary combustion chamber 30 without disturbing the flow. Moreover, the material which comprises the main housing | casing 12 and the primary combustion gas flow path 15 of the main combustion chamber 10 is not specifically limited, The high temperature primary combustion flame 25 produced | generated in the main combustion space 11, and the high temperature to generate | occur | produce Any heat-resistant material that can withstand the primary combustion gas 14 may be used.

  Here, in FIG. 1, “P” indicates a pressure gauge that measures the supply pressure of the adjustment air 18, the primary fuel 22, the primary combustion air 23, etc., and “T” indicates the adjustment air 18, etc. "F" indicates a flow meter that measures the flow rate of each of the adjustment air 18 and the like. Furthermore, “Gas” is a gas composition monitor that monitors the gas composition of various gases such as the primary combustion gas 14, and “PM” is a particle that monitors particulate matter 38 (hereinafter referred to as “PM38”). A particulate matter monitor is shown (same in FIG. 6).

  The main burner 20 is inserted with a part of the burner tip 21 protruding into the main combustion space 11 described above, and is connected to the main housing 12 of the main combustion chamber 10. Thus, the primary fuel 22 and the primary combustion air 23 such as diesel fuel, gasoline fuel, or other combustible gas are adjusted to a predetermined air-fuel ratio, and the mixed primary mixed fuel 24 is transferred from the burner tip 21 to the main combustion space 11. The primary combustion flame 25 can be generated continuously. Here, in the case of liquid fuel such as diesel fuel, there is a possibility that generation of an unburned oil component called SOF (Soluble Organic Fraction: an organic soluble component or a soluble organic component) cannot be completely suppressed. Therefore, by using a combustible gas other than liquid fuel (for example, natural gas, propane gas, etc.), it becomes possible to perform evaluation while suppressing the generation of SOF (the same applies to the secondary fuel 42 described later). ). Further, the SOF content can be controlled by controlling the nozzle diameter and spray pressure of the spray nozzle used in the main burner 20 (the same applies to the sub-burner 40 described later).

  As a result, a high temperature primary combustion gas 14 is generated in the main combustion space 11. At this time, the primary combustion flame 25 is adjusted to an appropriate oxygen concentration by the primary mixed fuel 24 in which the air-fuel ratio (for example, the theoretical air-fuel ratio) is adjusted and the adjustment air 18 supplied from the adjustment air supply unit 19. Therefore, it is generated in a state of complete combustion. Therefore, most of the oxygen component is consumed in the primary combustion gas 14 generated in the main combustion space 11 by the combustion of the primary combustion flame 25. That is, by depriving the surrounding oxygen component when the primary mixed fuel 24 burns, the generated primary combustion gas 14 is in a “low oxygen concentration” state in which almost no oxygen component is contained.

  As the main burner 20, a conventionally known "gas burner" can be used. Further, illustration and description of the configuration of each adjusting means for adjusting the primary mixed fuel 24 to a predetermined air-fuel ratio, ignition means for igniting the primary mixed fuel, and the like are omitted. Further, in FIG. 1, the flame direction of the primary combustion flame 25 is shown along the horizontal direction of the drawing, and the flow direction of the primary combustion gas 14 is made to coincide with this, and the flow proceeds from the left to the right on the drawing. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

  By adjusting the fuel amount of the primary fuel 22 and the air amount of the primary combustion air 23 supplied to the main burner 20 and appropriately setting the air-fuel ratio, the primary combustion gas 14 generated by the generation of the primary combustion flame 25 is reduced. The primary gas flow rate and the primary gas temperature can be set in arbitrary ranges. Here, since the primary combustion gas 14 occupies most of the exhaust gas 34 to be described later, the exhaust gas flow rate and the exhaust gas temperature of the exhaust gas 34 can be controlled by setting the primary gas flow rate and the primary gas temperature. Become.

  The sub-combustion chamber 30 is configured by a sub-casing 32 having a substantially cylindrical structure having a sub-combustion space 31 communicating with the main combustion space 11 of the main combustion chamber 10 inside. Furthermore, the primary combustion gas introduction part 33 that can introduce the primary combustion gas 14 generated by the main burner 20 and passed through the primary combustion gas flow path 15 into the auxiliary combustion space 31, and the direction opposite to the primary combustion gas introduction part 33. One end of which is connected to a connection path 71 with the exhaust gas purifying device 70 and has a substantially tapered cross section for discharging the exhaust gas 34, and the primary combustion gas introduction unit 33 and the exhaust gas discharge. A sub-burner insertion support that is provided on the sides orthogonal to the flow directions of the primary combustion gas 14 and the exhaust gas 34 that connect the portion 35 and that inserts and supports the burner tip 41 of the sub-burner 40 protruding into the sub-combustion space 31 And a portion 36. Exhaust gas 34 containing PM 38 generated in the auxiliary combustion space 31 is exhausted from the exhaust gas exhaust part 35.

  The shape of the sub-housing 32 of the sub-combustion chamber 30 is not particularly limited as in the case of the main combustion chamber 10 described above. You may form as a taper-shaped substantially frustoconical shape (refer FIG. 1). In addition, the materials constituting the sub-chassis 32 and the exhaust gas discharge unit 35 of the sub-combustion chamber 30 are not particularly limited, and as with the main combustion chamber 10, the high temperature generated in the sub-combustion space 31 is not limited. Any heat resistant material that can withstand the secondary combustion flame 37 and the generated secondary combustion gas 39 may be used.

  The sub burner 40 is inserted with a part of the burner tip 41 protruding into the sub combustion space 31 described above, and is connected to the sub housing 32 of the sub combustion chamber 30. Secondary fuel 42 such as diesel fuel, gasoline fuel, or other combustible gas for generating PM 38 and secondary combustion air 43 are adjusted at a predetermined air-fuel ratio, and the mixed secondary mixed fuel 44 is sub-combustion space. The secondary combustion flame 37 can be generated by continuously supplying the gas to 31 and causing complete combustion in the sub-combustion space 31.

  As a result, a high-temperature secondary combustion gas 39 is generated in the auxiliary combustion space 31. At this time, the secondary combustion flame 37 is generated in the complete combustion state by the secondary mixed fuel 44 whose air-fuel ratio is adjusted. At this time, the flame direction of the secondary combustion flame 37 to be generated (corresponding to the vertical direction in the drawing in FIG. 1) of the primary combustion gas 14 that has flowed from the main combustion chamber 10 into the subcombustion space 31 through the primary combustion gas inlet 33 It is set to be orthogonal to the flow direction (corresponding to the left direction to the right direction in FIG. 1).

  As the main burner 20 described above, a conventionally known “gas burner” can be used as the sub burner 40, and other detailed description and illustration are omitted.

  Here, the primary fuel 22 supplied to the main burner 20 and the secondary fuel 42 supplied to the sub-burner 40 may be the same type or different types of fuel. However, since the secondary fuel 42 supplied to the auxiliary burner 40 needs to generate PM38, it is used for an internal combustion engine such as an automobile engine for the evaluation of the connected exhaust gas purification devices 70 and 80. The same kind of diesel fuel or gasoline fuel is preferable. Furthermore, the secondary fuel 42 can be arbitrarily set according to the purpose of evaluation. Further, the primary fuel itself is not particularly limited as long as it generates the primary combustion gas 14 in which the primary gas flow rate and the primary gas temperature of the low oxygen concentration are controlled.

  The PM generator 1 of the present embodiment is provided so as to surround at least a part of the periphery of the secondary combustion flame 37 that burns in the auxiliary combustion space 31, and the primary combustion gas 14 introduced into the auxiliary combustion space 31 and the secondary combustion gas 14. It further includes a flame holding section 50 that partially shields and protects the contact with the next combustion flame 37. Here, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the flame holding section 50 accommodates most of the secondary combustion flame 37 in the cylindrical space, and a leading flame section 37 a (one point in FIG. 2) of the secondary combustion flame 37. It is possible to use a cylindrical cylindrical flame holding portion 50a that exposes the upper end 51 (see chain line).

  Thereby, the remaining secondary combustion flame 37 other than the front flame part 37a, in other words, the periphery of the root part of the secondary combustion flame 37 adjacent to the burner tip 41 of the sub burner 40 is surrounded by the flame holding part 50 (cylindrical holding part 50). It can be surrounded by a flame 50a). As a result, a range other than the protection region where the primary combustion gas 14 and the secondary combustion flame 37 are in direct contact with each other can be limited to the front flame portion 37a.

  The flame holding section 50 is not limited to the shape of the cylindrical flame holding section 50a. For example, the upstream side of the secondary combustion flame 37 in the auxiliary combustion space 31 (the direction opposite to the flow direction of the primary combustion gas 14). In addition, a semi-cylindrical semi-cylindrical flame holding portion 50b or the like with the curved portion 52 directed can be used (see FIG. 5). That is, the primary combustion gas 14 and the entire secondary combustion flame 37 may be prevented from coming into direct contact with each other as long as the secondary combustion flame 37 has a function not to be blown out. Hereinafter, the description will be made on the assumption that the cylindrical flame holding portion 50a is used as the flame holding portion 50.

  In the auxiliary combustion space 31, the primary combustion gas 14 passes through the primary combustion gas introduction portion 33, and the secondary combustion exposed from the upper end 51 of the flame holding portion 50 from the direction orthogonal to the flame direction of the secondary combustion flame 37. The flame 37 is strongly blown against the flame 37a. Thereby, the front flame part 37a of the secondary combustion flame 37 fluctuates along the flow direction of the primary combustion gas 14, and a part thereof is blown out.

  In order to enable partial blowout of the secondary combustion flame 37 as described above, for example, the primary gas flow rate of the primary combustion gas 14 generated by the main burner 20 and blown toward the secondary combustion flame 37 is: The secondary gas flow rate of the secondary combustion gas 39 generated by the auxiliary burner 40 can be increased, or the primary gas velocity can be increased even when the primary gas flow rate is lower than the secondary gas flow rate. Thereby, a part of the secondary combustion flame 37 is blown out. Here, in order to increase the primary gas velocity and further enable the secondary combustion flame 37 to be blown out, for example, the opening area of the primary combustion gas introduction portion 33 between the main combustion space 11 and the sub-combustion space 31 is used. May be provided, and a gas speed adjusting unit (not shown) for changing the primary gas speed of the primary combustion gas 14 may be provided. By narrowing down the opening area, the primary gas velocity of the primary combustion gas 14 increases, and the secondary combustion flame 37 is vigorously hit, so that the blow-out is performed stably.

  For example, a plurality of spacers for adjusting the opening area for appropriately changing the opening area of the introduction part of the primary combustion gas introduction part 33 can be used as the gas speed adjustment part. The primary gas velocity can be adjusted by selecting a spacer for setting an arbitrary opening area and installing the spacer in the primary combustion gas introducing portion 33.

  The primary combustion gas 14 comes into contact with a part of the secondary combustion flame 37 exposed from the upper end 51 of the flame holding section 50 and is blown off, thereby causing a disturbance in the secondary combustion flame 37 combusting in the auxiliary combustion space 31, It becomes a state of incomplete combustion. As a result, PM38 is generated from the blown-out front flame portion 37a. The PM 38 reaches the exhaust gas discharge unit 35 as the exhaust gas 34 together with the primary combustion gas 14 flowing into the sub-combustion space 31 and the secondary combustion gas 39 generated by the secondary combustion flame 37, and is exhausted through the connection path 71. Guided to the purification device 70.

  The PM 38 can be generated by blowing off the secondary combustion flame 37 generated by the auxiliary burner 40, partially shielded by the flame holding section 50, and protected by the primary combustion gas 14. That is, in the PM generator 1 of the present embodiment, the auxiliary burner 40 is used to generate PM38. Thereby, the PM generation amount and particle size distribution of PM38 can be controlled by the sub-burner 40.

  The PM generator 1 of this embodiment further includes a protection region changing mechanism 53 (see arrows in FIGS. 2 to 5) that moves the flame holder 50 in the vertical direction along the flame direction of the secondary combustion flame 37. ing. Thereby, the above-mentioned particle size distribution and the like can be finely controlled. That is, the exposure amount of the front flame portion 37a of the secondary combustion flame 37 exposed from the upper end 51 of the flame holding portion 50 can be adjusted. A part of the secondary combustion flame 37 by the flame holder 50 can be shielded and the protection area to be protected can be changed. The protection region changing mechanism 53 is, for example, one that moves the flame holder 50 up and down using a known mechanism such as a gear or a motor, or the height of the flame holder 50 relative to the secondary combustion flame 37. The position can be switched manually.

  By changing the position of the flame holding portion 50 with respect to the secondary combustion flame 37, the exposure amount from the upper end 51 of the front flame portion 37a changes. Therefore, the range of the secondary combustion flame 37 that is blown out by the primary combustion gas 14 and becomes incomplete combustion changes. As a result, the particle size distribution of the generated PM 38 can be adjusted. Further, by changing the supply amount of the secondary fuel 42 supplied to the sub-burner 40 and the air-fuel ratio with the secondary combustion air 43, the PM generation amount of the PM 38 can be adjusted. That is, the sub burner 40, the flame holding unit 50, and the protection region changing mechanism unit 53 can individually control the generation of PM 38, the particle size distribution of PM 38, and the generation amount of PM 38.

  As described above, the primary gas flow rate of the primary combustion gas 14 by the main burner 20 and the secondary gas flow rate of the secondary combustion gas 39 by the sub burner 40 are set so that the primary combustion gas 14 is larger. . Therefore, the primary gas flow rate and the primary gas temperature of the primary combustion gas 14 greatly contribute to the exhaust gas flow rate and the exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust gas 34 in which these two are mixed. On the other hand, the PM 38 contained in the exhaust gas 34 can control the PM generation amount and the particle size distribution by the auxiliary burner 40, the flame holding unit 50, and the protection region changing mechanism unit 53. The PM generator 1 according to the present embodiment includes two burners, the main burner 20 and the sub burner 40, so that various parameters such as the exhaust gas flow rate can be individually controlled. It is also possible to ensure the stability of conditions against pressure changes.

  In addition, since the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas flow rate can be controlled by the main burner 20, the evaluation system to which the PM generator 1 and the exhaust gas purification device 70 are connected, the DPF 76 to be evaluated, etc. are set to a preset temperature. Thus, since it becomes possible to start the collection of PM38, the initial state of PM collection in the hot state after PM regeneration removal can be simulated. By the evaluation under the stable PM generation condition, it is possible to fully understand the phenomenon in the unstable condition at the cold start.

  Furthermore, the PM generator 1 of this embodiment is connected to the circulating gas discharge unit 17 of the main combustion chamber 10, and an exhaust gas recirculation unit 60 that diverts a part of the primary combustion gas 14 and recirculates it as the circulating gas 16. I have. The exhaust gas recirculation unit 60 primarily supplies the circulation gas cooling unit 61 that cools the fractionated high-temperature circulation gas 16 and the circulation gas 16 whose circulation gas temperature has been lowered by the circulation gas cooling unit 61 to the main burner 20. A reburning unit 62 is provided that is supplied together with the mixed fuel 24 and reburns. The circulating gas cooling unit 61 can use a known heat exchanger.

That is, the PM generator 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a circulation path of “exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)” in the main burner 20 and the main combustion chamber 10. Here, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) refers to taking out a part of exhaust gas after combustion (here, equivalent to the primary combustion gas 14) and taking it in again in a small internal combustion engine such as an automobile engine. It is a system generally used for the purpose of reducing nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) and improving fuel consumption.

  In the PM generator 1 of the present embodiment, a part of the primary combustion gas 14 is taken out from the main combustion space 11 as the circulation gas 16, and the high-temperature circulation gas is cooled through the circulation gas cooling unit 61. Thereby, the circulating gas temperature of the circulating gas 16 supplied to the main burner 20 again for recombustion together with the primary mixed fuel 24 is lowered.

  The cooled circulating gas 16 is mixed with the primary mixed fuel 24 supplied to the main burner 20. As a result, the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas (primary mixed fuel 24 + circulating gas 16) that generates the primary combustion flame 25 is diluted by the circulating gas 16, and more specifically, the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere (about 21%). ) It is adjusted to a lower density. As a result, the amount of primary fuel 22 for setting the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio required for complete combustion can be reduced, and the amount of heat generated by the generation of the primary combustion flame 25 can be suppressed. Therefore, the overall gas temperature of the mixed gas (not shown) of the primary mixed fuel 24 and the circulating gas 16 supplied to the main burner 20 can be kept low. At this time, the temperature range of the primary gas temperature of the primary combustion gas 14 generated by the primary combustion flame 25 can be adjusted by adjusting the degree of cooling of the circulating gas 16 by the circulating gas cooling unit 61. That is, by providing the exhaust gas recirculation unit 60, the adjustment range of the primary gas temperature of the primary combustion gas 14 can be widened, and the degree of freedom in setting the temperature parameter is widened. That is, the gas temperature of the exhaust gas 34 that is strongly influenced by the primary gas temperature of the primary combustion gas 14 can be adjusted in a wide range. Further, the amount of NOx in the primary combustion gas 14 can be controlled.

  Further, the primary gas temperature of the primary combustion gas 14 is adjusted by adjusting the air-fuel ratio of the primary mixed fuel 24 supplied to the main burner 20 and changing the ratio (diversion ratio) of the circulating gas 16 diverted from the primary combustion gas 14. And the composition of the primary gas component can be controlled more precisely. As described above, it can be set to the “stoichiometric air / fuel ratio” at which the oxygen concentration is the lowest, and the “rich side” where the primary fuel 22 is large and the “lean side” condition where the primary fuel 22 is small. Each can be set. The setting of these parameters can be controlled independently of the primary gas flow rate and the primary gas pressure of the primary combustion gas 14 by the main burner 20. Here, the recirculation process of the circulating gas 16 by the exhaust gas recirculation unit 60 is not an essential configuration, and may not be used when the primary gas temperature adjustment range of the primary combustion gas 14 is narrow.

  The exhaust gas purifying device 70 may employ a conventionally known configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 and the like, a DPF 76 (or GPF) formed of a ceramic honeycomb structure having a plurality of grid-like partition walls is canned in a metal casing 72, and a gas introduction unit 73 is formed in this embodiment. What is connected to the PM generator 1 via the connection path 71 can be used. As a result, the exhaust gas 34 containing PM 38 generated in the PM generator 1 is collected by the DPF 76 through the gas introduction unit 73, and the purified gas 74 is discharged from the gas discharge unit 75. Here, the gas component before and after being introduced into the gas introduction part 73 and the contained PM component are monitored, and the pressure loss (dP) before and after passing through the DPF 76 is measured.

  Furthermore, the PM generator 1 of the present embodiment is an evaluation device for the exhaust gas purification device 80 that uses a selective reduction catalyst that uses diesel fuel, or an exhaust gas purification device that uses GPF that uses gasoline fuel (illustrated). Can be used as an evaluation device.

More specifically, the diesel fuel is supplied to the main burner 20 as the primary fuel 22, and the primary combustion flame 25 is generated at a high temperature and in a lean atmosphere (oxygen-excess atmosphere than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio). A primary combustion gas 14 containing oxide (NO _x ) can be generated. Here, the generation amount of nitrogen oxides and the NO / NO ₂ ratio are constituted by a honeycomb structure made of ceramics coated with an exhaust gas recirculation part 60 and a sub-burner 40, and a selective reduction catalyst (SCR) to be evaluated. It can adjust with the diesel oxidation catalyst 87 (DOC: Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) arrange | positioned in the upstream of the honeycomb catalyst body 86 made.

  Here, the honeycomb catalyst body 86 is canned to the metal casing 82, and the gas introduction portion 83 is connected to the PM generator 1 of the present embodiment via the connection path 81. As a result, the exhaust gas 34 containing PM 38 generated by the PM generator 1 is purified by the honeycomb catalyst body 86 through the gas introduction portion 83, and the gas components such as nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas 34 are purified. Is done. Thereafter, the purified gas 84 is discharged from the gas discharge unit 85. That is, the PM generator 1 of the present embodiment can be used as an evaluation device for the exhaust gas purification device 80 using a selective reduction catalyst.

  On the other hand, gasoline fuel is supplied to the secondary burner 40 as the secondary fuel 42, and the secondary combustion flame 37 is generated under a high temperature and rich atmosphere (fuel surplus atmosphere than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio). A secondary combustion gas 39 containing CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) can be generated. Here, the generation amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons can be adjusted using the exhaust gas recirculation unit 60 and the auxiliary burner 40. In addition, when the secondary fuel 42 to be used is gasoline fuel, the nozzle part of the sub-burner 40 may need to be replaced. In this case, the main burner 20 generates and generates the primary combustion flame 25 and the primary combustion gas 14 at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of carbon monoxide and a hydrocarbon can be controlled, and PM38 can be generated together. As an evaluation device for evaluating an exhaust gas purification device (not shown) using GPF that has been subjected to catalyst coating treatment such as a three-way catalyst (TWC) when gasoline fuel is used by generating PM38 under the above conditions The PM generator of the present invention can be used.

  As described above, according to the PM generator 1 of the present invention, by providing two burners, the main burner 20 and the sub-burner 40, the exhaust gas flow rate of the exhaust gas 34 generated by the PM generator 1, the exhaust gas Various parameters such as gas temperature, PM generation amount, and particle size distribution of PM38 can be individually controlled. Further, the exhaust gas recirculation section 60 can set a wide range of primary gas temperatures of the primary combustion gas 14 generated by the main burner 20. As a result, the exhaust gas purification devices 70, 80, etc. can be evaluated accurately under stable conditions.

  Furthermore, by changing the air-fuel ratio of the primary mixed fuel 24 supplied to the main burner 20 or the secondary mixed fuel 44 supplied to the sub-burner 40 to a lean atmosphere or a rich atmosphere, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, Alternatively, hydrocarbons can be generated and used as an evaluation device for the exhaust gas purification devices 70 and 80 according to the diesel fuel or gasoline fuel to be used. That is, the degree of freedom in setting various parameters can be widened, and purification performance and the like can be evaluated under a wide range of conditions.

  The PM generator of the present invention is an evaluation test facility for evaluating the purification performance of exhaust gas purification devices and particulate collection filters configured using DPF, GPF, and other various filters such as ceramic honeycomb structures. Can be used.

1: PM generator (particulate matter generator), 10: main combustion chamber, 11: main combustion space, 12: main housing, 13: main burner insertion support, 14: primary combustion gas, 15: primary combustion gas Flow path, 16: Circulating gas, 17: Circulating gas discharge unit, 18: Adjusting air, 19: Adjusting air supply unit, 20: Main burner, 21: Burner tip, 22: Primary fuel, 23: For primary combustion Air, 24: primary mixed fuel, 25: primary combustion flame, 30: subcombustion chamber, 31: subcombustion space, 32: subchassis, 33: primary combustion gas introduction part, 34: exhaust gas, 35: exhaust gas discharge Part, 36: auxiliary burner insertion support part, 37: secondary combustion flame, 37a: front flame part, 38: particulate matter, 39: secondary combustion gas, 40: auxiliary burner, 41: burner tip, 42: secondary Secondary fuel, 43: air for secondary combustion, 44: secondary mixed fuel, 0: Flame holding part, 50a: Cylindrical flame holding part (flame holding part), 50b: Semi-cylindrical flame holding part (flame holding part), 51: Upper end, 52: Curved part, 53: Protection region changing mechanism part, 60: Exhaust gas recirculation part, 61: Circulating gas cooling part, 62: Recombustion part, 70, 80: Exhaust gas purification device, 71, 81: Connection path, 72, 82: Metal housing, 73, 83: Gas introduction part, 74, 84: Purified gas, 75, 85: Gas discharge part, 76: DPF, 86: Honeycomb catalyst body, 87: Diesel oxidation catalyst.

Claims (9)

A main combustion chamber having a main combustion space therein;
The primary fuel and the primary combustion air are adjusted to a predetermined air-fuel ratio, and the mixed primary mixed fuel is continuously supplied to the main combustion space to generate a primary combustion flame that is completely burned to generate primary combustion gas. With a main burner to let you
A primary combustion gas introduction part which has a secondary combustion space communicating with the primary combustion space of the primary combustion chamber and can introduce the generated primary combustion gas into the secondary combustion space, and exhausted from the secondary combustion space A sub-combustion chamber having an exhaust gas discharge part for discharging gas;
The secondary combustion and the secondary combustion air are adjusted to a predetermined air-fuel ratio, the mixed secondary mixed fuel is continuously supplied to the sub-combustion space, and the primary combustion introduced from the primary combustion gas introduction unit A secondary burner that generates a secondary combustion gas by generating a secondary combustion flame in which the flame direction is completely matched in a direction perpendicular to the gas flow direction;
Provided to surround at least a part of the secondary combustion flame that burns in the auxiliary combustion space, and shields at least a part of the secondary combustion flame from the primary combustion gas introduced into the auxiliary combustion space. A particulate matter generator comprising a flame holding part for protection. The flame holder is
The particulate matter according to claim 1, further comprising a protection region changing mechanism that moves along a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the primary combustion gas and changes a protection region of the secondary combustion flame with respect to the primary combustion gas. Generator. The flame holder is
The particulate matter generation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particulate matter generator is a cylindrical flame holding portion that has a cylindrical shape and accommodates a part of the secondary combustion flame in a cylindrical space. The main combustion chamber is
A further part of the primary combustion gas generated by the primary combustion flame is diverted and further has a circulation gas discharge part for discharging as a circulation gas;
A circulating gas cooling unit that is connected to the circulating gas discharge unit and cools the discharged circulating gas, and a reburning unit that supplies the cooled circulating gas together with the primary mixed fuel to the main burner and reburns it. The particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an exhaust gas recirculation unit having The primary fuel and the secondary fuel are:
The particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the same type of fuel is used. The primary gas flow rate of the primary combustion gas generated by the main burner is:
The particulate matter generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the particulate matter generator is set to be larger than a secondary gas flow rate of the secondary combustion gas generated by the auxiliary burner. The main burner is
Diesel fuel is used as the primary fuel,
The particulate matter generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the primary mixed fuel in which an air-fuel ratio with the primary combustion air is adjusted to a lean atmosphere is supplied to the main combustion chamber. The main burner is
Supplying the primary fuel and the primary mixed fuel prepared by adjusting the primary combustion air to a theoretical air-fuel ratio to the main combustion chamber;
The secondary burner is
Gasoline fuel is used as the secondary fuel, and the secondary combustion gas is generated to supply the secondary mixed fuel, in which the air-fuel ratio with the secondary combustion air is adjusted in a rich atmosphere, to the auxiliary combustion chamber. Item 7. The particulate matter generator according to any one of Items 1 to 6. The auxiliary combustion chamber is
The gas velocity adjusting unit according to claim 1, further comprising a gas velocity adjusting unit that adjusts a primary gas velocity of the primary combustion gas introduced into the auxiliary combustion space by changing an opening area of the introduction portion of the primary combustion gas introduction unit. The particulate matter generator according to Item.

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