JP5246561B2 - Rain and snow meter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rain / snow meter that measures the amount of water constituting rainwater or snow.

  Conventionally, a rain and snow meter has a water receiver that opens upward, a water filter provided below the water receiver, and a shaft when a predetermined amount of water is collected by receiving water from the water condenser. When it falls as a fulcrum and drains the water to the drain, a magnet is installed on the shaft of the tip, a reed switch that is turned on and off by this magnet, and a pulse signal from this reed switch It is equipped with a counting means for counting on the basis of it, and in winter when the outside air temperature is 0 ° C. or lower, it also has a heating means for preventing freezing of rainwater and melting snow.

  A rain / snow meter provided with a heating means is roughly classified into a hot water rain / snow meter and a rain / snow meter with a heater. The hot water rain / snow meter includes an antifreeze around the outer cylinder, and the antifreeze is heated by a heater. As shown in FIG. 8, this hot water rain / snow meter has almost no temperature change in the temperature of the antifreeze liquid, and the upward flow generated near the upper part of the water receiver is constant. The catch rate of snow and snow is good, but a lot of labor is required for maintenance such as replacement of antifreeze.

  Compared to this hot water type rain and snow meter, a rain and snow meter with a heater has been developed and used, which has the advantage of less equipment maintenance. This rain / snow meter with a heater is located in the outer cylinder, and a heater is provided between the measuring unit on the back (inside) of the water receiver, and the water receiver is warmed by the radiant heat of the heater, thereby freezing rainwater. In addition, the snow in the trapped water receiver is melted and measured as precipitation.

  This rain-and-snow meter with a heater has been further developed. For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a heater (electric planar heating element) is directly attached to the back surface (inner side) of a water receiver. Heating the water receiver with heat from

Japanese Patent No. 4264892

  In the rain-and-snow meter with a heater, the temperature characteristic of the surface temperature as shown in FIG. 9 appears (switching temperature of ON / OFF of the temperature sensitive switch is 10 ° C.). In this example, when energized, the temperature of the water receiver changes up to about 12 ° C. For example, when the outside temperature is 0 ° C, the lower limit is 7 ° C, the upper limit is 20 ° C, the outside temperature When the temperature is −8 ° C., the lower limit is 7 ° C. and the upper limit is 19 ° C., and a large temperature change occurs. For this reason, the upward flow generated in the vicinity of the upper portion of the water receiver fluctuated greatly, and the catching rate of rain and snow was reduced. In particular, snow is easily affected by wind, and the “Meteorological Observation Guide” published by the Japan Meteorological Agency states that there are 10 to 50% of cases.

  For this reason, the present invention is a rain / snow meter with a heater, which aims to reduce the temperature fluctuation of the surface temperature of the water receiver, thereby reducing the fluctuation of the upward flow, and thereby increasing the capture rate of rain and snow. It is intended to improve.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a rain and snow meter according to the present invention includes a water receiver that opens upward, a water filter provided below the water receiver, and water from the water filter. When a predetermined amount accumulates in one of the pair of water receiving parts, the shaft swings around the fulcrum, and when the water falls down to drain the corresponding pair of drains, A rain / snow meter provided with a measuring means for measuring the amount, and a heat sink covering the back surface of the water receiver is provided with a gap and a heater is attached to the back surface of the heat sink ( Claim 1).

  With this configuration, the heat sink that covers it is arranged on the back of the water receiver, and there is a gap with the water receiver. When the heater is first heated, the heat sink is warmed, and then the gap The air layer inside is warmed and the heat of the air layer will heat the water receiver. Since the water receiver is warmed through the air layer, the temperature rise rate is moderate without being rapidly warmed. On the other hand, even if the heating of the heater is stopped, heat is stored in the air layer, so the rate of descent is also slow, the fluctuation of the surface temperature of the water receiver is small, and near the top of the water receiver. Suppresses the fluctuations in the upward flow that occurs and improves the capture rate of rain and snow.

  Further, the water receiver is fixed to the outer cylinder at the upper end thereof, and the heat radiating plate is supported by at least the drainage device, the tipping over, and the bottom plate that supports the drain port (Claim 2). For this reason, the water receiver is supported by the outer cylinder and the heat sink is supported by the bottom plate. Moreover, you may fix not only a water receiver but a heat sink to an outer cylinder (Claim 5).

  The said clearance gap is formed between the said water receiver and the heat sink which covers the back surface of the water receiver, and is 3 mm to 9 mm (Claim 3), and an air layer is heat-accumulated. If it exceeds 9 mm, air flows out in the gap and cannot stay, and if it is less than 3 mm, the amount of air is small, heat conduction is fast, and heat storage is difficult.

  The gap is formed by externally fitting an outer cylinder provided with the water receiver on a device part including at least the heat radiating plate, the drainage device, the tipping, and the bottom plate provided with the drain port. (Claim 4). That is, it is easy and easy to fit the outer cylinder to the device part, and no mechanical means is required, and an appropriate gap can be obtained.

  The heater is a film-like planar heating element (Claim 6). For example, the heater is called a film heater or a rubber heater, and preferably has an adhesive layer on one surface.

  According to this invention, since the gap is provided between the water receiver and the heat radiating plate provided with the heater, heat is stored in the air layer in the gap. Therefore, when the heater is heated, the water receiver is warmed gently, and its surface temperature also rises slowly, and conversely, even when the heater stops heating, It is possible to improve the capture rate of rain and snow by suppressing fluctuations in the upward flow generated in the vicinity.

  Further, the gap is formed between the water receiver and a heat radiating plate covering the outside of the water receiver, and is set to 3 mm to 9 mm (Claim 3), and an air layer formed by the gap is formed. If it is less than 3 mm, the amount of heat storage is too small, and if it exceeds 9 mm, the air flows into the gap and cannot stay, resulting in a less effective effect.

  Further, the gap includes at least the radiator plate, the drainage device, the tipping over, and an outer cylinder provided with the water receiver on an equipment portion including the bottom plate provided with the drain port. Since it is formed by fitting (Claim 4), it has an advantage of obtaining an appropriate gap easily and simply without using any mechanical means.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which only an outer cylinder is cut according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the outer cylinder which has a water receiver with which the water receiver same as the above was fixed. It is a front view of the equipment part which consists of a radiator plate same as the above, a drain, a tipping over, a drain outlet, and a bottom plate. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the clearance gap consisting of a water receiver and a radiator same as the above, and the structure of the vicinity. It is explanatory drawing which assembles the rain-and-snow meter of this invention by externally fitting an outer cylinder same as the above to an apparatus part. It is a surface temperature characteristic diagram of a water receiver same as the above. Example 2 of this invention is shown and it is the fragmentary sectional view which showed the example in which the water receiver and the heat sink were both fixed to the outer cylinder. It is a water receiver surface temperature characteristic diagram of the conventional warm water type rain and snow meter. It is a water receiver surface temperature characteristic diagram of the conventional rain and snow meter with a heater.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

  1 to 4, the rain and snow amount meter 1 is composed of an outer cylinder 2 on a cylinder and a device section 3 arranged inside the cylinder, and the outer cylinder 2 is made of a metal material and has a diameter thereof. Is about 20 cm and the height is about 55 cm. The outer cylinder 2 is open at the top and bottom, and is located at the top, and is fixed at a position where the funnel-shaped water receiver 5 is slightly inserted from the opening 5a. Then, on the lower side, it is externally fitted to a stepped portion 26 at the edge of the bottom plate 25 described below.

  The water receiver 5 is made of a metal material and has a funnel shape. Rainwater entering from the upper end opening 2 a of the outer cylinder 2 is collected by the water receiver 5 and flows out from the discharge hole 6 to the filter 15 described below. The

  A heat radiating plate 8 covering the outer side of the water receiver 5 is disposed with a gap 12 described below. Like the water receiver 5, the heat radiating plate 8 has an inverted conical shape, is made of a metal material such as copper, and is supported by three columns 10a, 10b, and 10c. The other two pieces 10b and 10c are erected on the heat sink mounting plate 11 and finally supported by the bottom plate 25 via the heat sink mounting plate 11. .

  Then, the radiator 9 has a heater 9 as a planar heating element attached to the outside thereof in close contact. When the heater 9 is energized, it generates heat and the heat radiating plate 8 is warmed.

  Since there is a gap 12 between the heat radiating plate 8 and the back surface of the water receiver 5 (equipment side), an air layer is formed in the gap 12. This air layer provides a heat conduction delay effect and a heat storage effect. The dimension D of the gap is preferably about 5 mm, but if it is less than 3 mm, the amount of air is small, heat conduction is fast, and heat cannot be stored. If the distance exceeds 9 mm, air flows into the gap and cannot stay and the heat storage effect decreases.

  That is, when the heater 9 is energized to generate heat, the heat radiating plate 8 is first warmed. The air layer is then warmed, and the water receiver 5 is warmed through the air layer. For this reason, the heat conduction speed is delayed from the interposition of the air layer. Therefore, the temperature rises gradually. Even when the heater 9 is de-energized, the temperature gradually decreases due to the heat storage action of the air layer, the surface temperature of the water receiver 5 becomes the characteristic diagram shown in FIG. 6, and the fluctuation of the surface temperature is suppressed. For example, the lower limit is 25 ° C. and the upper limit is 10 ° C. when the outside air temperature is 0 ° C. As a result, the fluctuation of the upward flow generated near the upper portion of the water receiver 5 is also suppressed.

  Reference numeral 13 denotes a temperature-sensitive switch for controlling energization to the heater 9, and reference numeral 14 denotes a temperature heat, both of which are provided on the heat sink mounting plate 11.

  The equipment section 3 is composed of the radiator plate 8 to which the heater 9 is bonded from above, the drainage device 15 below it, the tipping device 19 below, and the drain ports 22a and 22b below it. 25 is provided.

  The drainage device 15 is funnel-shaped and supported by a metal water leakage holding plate 16, and is located above the tipping tip 19 described below, and water flows out to the tipping tip 19 from the drain hole 17.

  The overturning 19 has two water receiving portions 19a and 19b, the center is supported by the swing shaft 20 (fixed to the terminal box 21), and when water accumulates in one of the water receiving portions, it swings with its weight. The swinging shaft 20 is used as a fulcrum, and the magnet fixed to the swinging shaft 20 is moved by swinging, and the reed switch is turned on and off once by swinging once. Therefore, the number of oscillations is detected as a pulse by the measuring means, and the amount of water is detected by counting the pulses.

  The drain ports 22a and 22b are cylindrical ones made of a metal material, and are provided at symmetrical positions with the tipping over 19 interposed therebetween. The water that has dropped to the drain ports 22a and 22b is discharged from the distribution pipe 23 to the outside. The

  The bottom plate 25 is a disk-shaped member, has a portion equivalent to the inner diameter size of the outer cylinder 2 and a portion having a larger diameter size, and has a step portion 26 therebetween. The above-described devices are fixed on the bottom plate 25. Then, it has legs 27 on the lower surface.

  The above-described equipment is provided on the bottom plate 25 and is in the state shown in FIG. 3. When the outer cylinder 2 of FIG. 2 is externally fitted as shown in FIG. The rain / snow gauge 1 is assembled.

  In the above-described configuration, when the outside air temperature decreases and becomes, for example, 10 degrees or less, the temperature sensitive switch 13 is turned on and the heater 9 is energized. As a result, the heater 9 generates heat, the heat radiating plate 8 is warmed, the air layer in the gap 12 is also warmed, and the water receiver 5 is finally warmed.

  Since the water receiver 5 is warmed through the air layer, the rate of temperature rise is moderate without being suddenly warmed. On the contrary, even if the heating of the heater 9 is stopped, heat is stored in the air layer, so that the descending speed becomes slow, and the fluctuation of the surface temperature of the water receiver becomes small as shown in FIG. Suppress fluctuations in the upward flow near the upper part of the water vessel and improve the capture rate of rain and snow.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7 and will be described with reference to FIG. 7. However, only differences from the first embodiment will be described. In the second embodiment, the mounting example of the heat radiating plate 8 is different and is fixed to the outer cylinder 2. That is, the first embodiment has an advantage of eliminating the columns 10a, 10b, and 10c. Even in the second embodiment, the gap 12 is provided between the water receiver 5 and the heat radiating plate 8 and, of course, has the same effect as the first embodiment. Since the other configurations are the same, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rain-and-snow meter 2 Outer cylinder 6 Water receiver 8 Heat sink 9 Heater 12 Clearance 15 Filter 19 Falling down 22a, 22b Drain outlet 25 Bottom plate

Claims (6)

  A water receiver that opens upward, a water filter provided below the water receiver, and a shaft that receives water from the water filter and accumulates a predetermined amount for each of the pair of water receiving portions. In the rain and snow amount meter provided with a measuring means for measuring the amount of water based on the number of oscillations of the fall, when the water is swung as a fulcrum and falls to the corresponding pair of drains. A rain-and-snow meter characterized in that a heat sink covering the rear surface of the water device is provided with a gap and a heater is attached to the rear surface of the heat sink.   2. The water receiver according to claim 1, wherein the water receiver is fixed to an outer cylinder at an upper end of the water receiver, and the heat radiating plate is supported by at least a filter, the tipping over, and a bottom plate that supports the drain port. Rain snow meter.   The rain-and-snow meter according to claim 1, wherein the gap is formed between the water receiver and a heat radiating plate covering the outside of the water receiver, and is 3 mm to 9 mm.   The gap is formed by externally fitting an outer cylinder provided with the water receiver on a device part including at least the heat radiating plate, the drainage device, the tipping, and the bottom plate provided with the drain port. The rain-and-snow meter according to claim 1, 2, or 3.   The rain-and-snow meter according to claim 1, wherein the water receiver is fixed to an outer cylinder at an upper end thereof, and the heat radiating plate is also fixed to the outer cylinder.   The rain-and-snow meter according to claim 1, wherein the heater is a film-like planar heating element.

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