JP5236511B2 - Evacuation device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation device.

  The thing of patent document 1 is known as an evacuation apparatus for evacuating to the downstairs at the time of emergency, such as a fire. In this conventional example, the evacuation device is formed by hanging a suspension chair on a main rope wound around a main pulley fixed on the upper floor.

JP 59-118169 A

  However, in the above-described conventional example, since the seat chair takes a volume, there is a disadvantage that the evacuation device itself is enlarged because it is an obstacle when the evacuation device is not used. This problem can be solved by replacing the seat chair with a plate-like one, but in this case, the plate body only fixed to the rope is shaken so that it is difficult for the user to evacuate safely. .

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described drawbacks, and an object of the present invention is to provide an evacuation device that can safely evacuate an evacuee and can make the entire device compact.

  The evacuation device has an elevating plate 4 for moving an evacuee A from an evacuation opening 2 opened on the floor 1 to an evacuation destination 3 located below the evacuation opening 2. When the refugee A gets on the lift plate 4, the lift plate 4 descends toward the evacuation destination 3 due to the weight of the refugee A.

  The descending speed of the elevating plate 4 is decelerated by the slow descending device 8, and the elevating plate 4 is guided by the guide column 9, so that inadvertent shaking or the like during the descending does not occur. Further, it is not necessary to provide a fence and a seating member in preparation for shaking when descending, the apparatus can be configured compactly, and the evacuee A can be safely evacuated.

The elevating plate 4 closes the evacuation opening 2 when not in use, and prevents an unnecessary opening from occurring on the floor surface 1 that would lead to privacy infringement in an apartment house. Further, by using the elevating plate 4 itself on which the evacuee A is boarded as the closing means for the evacuation opening 2, there is no need to provide a separate closing means, the apparatus can be made compact, and the operation reliability can be improved. Will improve. Occlusion by elevating plate 4 evacuation opening 2 can be realized by providing a lid 12 of greater size than the opening width of the evacuation opening 2 in the bottom surface of the ascending descending plate 4.

  It is sufficient that the guide column 9 is constructed so that the upper and lower ends of the guide column 9 are not easily horizontally displaced, and the lowering posture and path of the elevating plate 4 can be guided to regulate the swinging of the elevating plate 4 during the descent. Other than the one whose upper and lower ends are firmly fixed to the floor surface 1 and the evacuation destination 3, only the lower end is firmly fixed to the evacuation destination 3 and is erected on the evacuation destination 3 so that the upper end cannot move horizontally to the floor surface 1 It may be supported by the floor 1 or suspended from the floor 1 side and supported at the lower end by the evacuation destination 3 so that it cannot be moved horizontally. The guide column 9 also functions as a guide for guiding the lifting plate 4 to the closed position of the evacuation opening 2 on the horizontal plane.

  Moreover, the guide support | pillar 9 may be extended and lowered | hung from the said floor surface 1 side only at the time of use of an evacuation apparatus other than what was constructed | installed even when the evacuation apparatus is not used.

  The slow descending device 8 limits the dropping speed of the lifting plate 4 by suspending the lifting plate 4 by the wire 7 whose feeding speed from the drum 6 is limited. The restriction of the feeding speed of the wire 7 is a reduction device. 5 to limit the rotational speed of the drum 6. The speed reducer 5 can be configured as a mechanical wear type, a fluid resistance type such as a disk damper, or a brake using both of them, and when the rotational speed of the drum 6 exceeds a predetermined rotational speed. It can also be configured as an automatic brake such as a centrifugal brake that operates in an automatic manner.

  Moreover, the stopper 10 which regulates the descent | fall of the raising / lowering plate 4 from the obstruction | occlusion position which obstruct | occludes the evacuation opening 2 can be provided. According to this, the evacuee A can evacuate with confidence by releasing the stopper 10 after getting on the elevating plate 4 and preparing for the descent. Moreover, the stopper 10 is a safe transfer of the evacuee A from the floor 1 to the lift plate 4 when the lowering speed of the lift plate 4 when the evacuee A is placed, particularly when the initial drop speed is not set sufficiently low. For this reason, it is also desirable to restrict unnecessary lowering operation of the elevating plate 4 when the user accidentally gets on the elevating plate 4 except during evacuation. That is, the stopper 10 also functions to maintain the closed state of the evacuation opening 2 by the lift plate 4.

  In this case, the stopper 10 can be formed having a stopper member 10a disposed on either the guide column 9 or the lifting plate 4 and a locked portion 10b formed on the other.

  The wire 7 can be given tension in a direction in which the lifting plate 4 is pulled upward using the weight 11. The weight 11 is set to a value that does not affect the lowering operation when the elevating plate 4 can be lifted and driven when the evacuee A is not on the lifting plate 4. As described above, when the initial tension is applied to the wire 7, when the evacuee A reaches the evacuation destination 3 and descends from the elevating plate 4, the elevating plate 4 automatically returns to the position where the evacuation opening 2 is closed. The other evacuees A left on the floor 1 can subsequently evacuate.

Moreover, the lifting plate 4, as described above, Ru includes a lid 12 for closing over the evacuation opening 2 from below. By closing the evacuation opening 2 by the elevating plate 4 by covering the evacuation opening 2 from below, the evacuation opening 2 is automatically closed by using the lifting drive of the elevating plate 4 by the weight 11 described above. It can be carried out. In this case, the lid body 12 can also be used as a mechanism that restricts the lifting drive stroke of the lifting plate 4 to the closing position of the evacuation opening 2. Since a member for limiting is not necessary, the structure is simplified. Further, when a member for limiting the lifting drive stroke of the lifting plate 4 is provided separately, the strength of the lid 12 can be determined only on the condition that the evacuation opening 2 is closed, and the weight of the lifting plate 4 can be reduced. Can be achieved.

  Further, the application of the initial tension using the weight 11 described above can be realized by winding the return wire 7 ′ tensioned by the weight 11 around the drum 6. The return wire 7 ′ can be configured as a part of the wire 7, or can be configured separately from the wire 7, and the wire 7 and the return wire 7 ′ can be configured separately. If configured, the winding diameter of the return wire 7 ′ can be made different from the winding diameter of the wire 7, thereby increasing the degree of freedom in design. On the other hand, when the return wire 7 ′ is configured as a part of the wire 7, that is, an appropriate number of the wires 7 given initial tension by the weight 11 are wound around the drum 6, and the opposite end is moved up and down. If it is configured to be a feed-out end to which 4 is connected, it is not necessary to separately form a wire 7 winding wheel on the drum 6, and the structure is simplified because only one wire 7 is required.

  Furthermore, although the weight 11 can be directly connected to the wire 7, if a tension is applied via the movable pulley 14, the moving distance of the weight 11 can be made half of the lifting distance of the lifting plate 4. it can. Further, the weight 11 can be disposed at an appropriate position, but the guide column 9 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape and accommodated in the hollow portion so as to be movable up and down to prevent the weight 11 from being exposed to the outside. Is desirable.

  In addition, the evacuation device can be configured such that the evacuation opening 2 is provided on the floor surface 1 of the veranda 13 such as an apartment house and the lower veranda 13 is the evacuation destination 3 from the upper veranda 13. In this case, the overall height of the lift plate 4 excluding the lid 12 described above is set to be equal to or less than the floor slab thickness dimension of the veranda 13, and the unused lift plate 4 is utilized by utilizing the space in the evacuation opening 2 established in the floor slab. When it is stored, it does not take up space when not in use, is inconspicuous, and can prevent mischief. By making the elevating plate 4 function also as a closing means for the evacuation opening 2 as described above, the thickness dimension can be reduced as compared with the case where a separate independent closing means is provided. Further, a frame-like case 15 is fitted and fixed to the evacuation opening 2 opened on the veranda 13, and the drum 6 and the upper lid 15a for closing the evacuation opening 2 from above are fixed to the case 15. Construction of a connected evacuation device improves the workability.

  When the stopper 10 is provided as described above, the stopper 10 can be automatically returned to the operating state by returning the lifting plate 4 to the evacuation opening 2 closing position. Usability is improved because no operation is required. In this case, taking the case where the stopper member 10a is provided on the guide column 9 side as an example, the stopper member 10a is biased to the lifting plate 4 side, and when the lifting plate 4 returns to the upper stroke end position, The lowering of the elevating plate 4 is restricted by locking with the formed locked portion 10b. When the stopper 10 is configured using the urging force in this way, the operation reliability can be enhanced with a simple structure. Furthermore, if the lifting / lowering plate 4 is provided with a stopper release pedal 16 that releases the stopper 10 by a stepping operation, the stopper 10 can be released by a stepping operation. can do.

Moreover, it is also possible to attach the handle | steering-wheel 17 which provides a handle to the evacuee A in the standing state to the raising / lowering plate 4 mentioned above. When the evacuation device is not used, the handle 17 can be mounted on the lifting plate 4 in a lying posture. In this case, the device can be downsized when not in use. The handle 17 can be formed in a T shape by fixing the handle main body 17b to the upper end of a leg 17a that can be expanded and contracted. With this configuration, the position of the handle main body 17b during use can be changed to the lifting plate 4. Therefore, the refugee A can safely evacuate to the lower floor in a standing posture.
According to the present invention,
A lifting plate 4 that closes the evacuation opening 2 established on the floor 1 and descends from the closed position of the evacuation opening 2 to the evacuation destination 3 located below using the weight of the refugee A;
A gradual lowering device 8 that restricts the lowering speed of the lifting plate 4 by connecting the feeding end of the wire 7 wound around the drum 6 whose rotational speed is regulated by the speed reduction device 5 and whose feeding speed is regulated to the lifting plate 4; ,
It is also possible to provide an evacuation device that is provided between the evacuation opening 2 and the evacuation destination 3 and that has a guide column 9 that guides the elevating plate 4 and regulates rolling of the elevating plate 4 when the elevating plate 4 is lowered. is there.

  As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, the evacuee can safely evacuate and the entire apparatus can be made compact.

It is a figure which shows this invention, (a) is a figure which shows the veranda of a house, (b) is a figure which shows the state which open | released the upper cover of the evacuation apparatus. It is sectional drawing which shows an evacuation apparatus. It is a figure which shows the principal part of FIG. 2, (a) is sectional drawing, (b) is sectional drawing which shows a roller, (c) is a 3c direction arrow directional view of (a) which shows a slow down apparatus. It is a figure which shows a stopper, (a) is a figure which shows an operation state, (b) is a figure which shows a stopper release state. It is a perspective view which shows a raising / lowering plate. It is a perspective view which shows the raising / lowering plate which reached the evacuation destination. It is a perspective view which shows the evacuation method. It is a figure which shows a slow-down apparatus, (a) is a figure which shows the state in an upper stroke termination position, (b) is a figure which shows the state which descend | falled from (a). It is a perspective view which shows the state which looked at the evacuation opening from the lower floor side, (a) is a perspective view which shows the state by which the evacuation opening is obstruct | occluded, (b) shows the state by which the evacuation opening was opened at the time of evacuation It is a perspective view.

  1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the evacuation device is installed to evacuate from the upper floor veranda 13 to the lower floor veranda 13 (evacuation destination 3) in an emergency, and is opened in the floor slab of the upper floor veranda 13. 2 has a case 15 fitted and fixed, a lifting plate 4 accommodated using the space in the case 15, and a guide column 9 standing on a floor slab on the lower floor.

  The case 15 is formed by welding and fixing a plurality of metal plate members into a substantially cylindrical shape with a rectangular shape in plan view, and flanges 15b and 15c are formed on the upper and lower ends, respectively, projecting outward. The upper open portion of the case 15, that is, the upper end of the floor slab evacuation opening 2 is closed by an upper lid 15 a rotatably connected to the case 15 around the pivot 15 d, as shown in FIG. In addition, when the upper lid 15a is opened in an emergency, the internal elevating plate 4 appears. The flange 15b at the upper end of the case 15 supports the periphery from the back side when the upper lid 15a is closed. Further, the flange 15c at the lower end of the case 15 rides on the back surface of the floor slab of the veranda 13, and the back surface of the flange 15c is separated from the floor slab to such an extent that unevenness that may occur on the outer periphery of the flange 15c can be appropriately absorbed. In FIG. 2, 18 and 19 are locking means and locked means for temporarily holding the upper lid 15a in a closed position so that the upper lid 15a does not open unnecessarily, and 20 can be used as a handle for closing the upper lid 15a. This is a reinforcing member for preventing the deformation of the upper lid 15a when a person gets on.

  The guide column 9 is a hollow pipe body having an appropriate buckling strength, and is formed by extruding aluminum, for example. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the upper end of the guide column 9 is fixed to the upper end portion of the inner wall of the case 15 using a fixing bracket 21. Moreover, the lower end of the guide support | pillar 9 is fixed to the floor slab of the veranda 13 of a lower floor using the anchor member 9a.

  The elevating plate 4 is formed by fixing a flat stage plate 4b on the upper surface of the frame-like base 4a. As shown in FIG. 3, a roller 22 that contacts the four corners of the guide column 9 at the front end of the frame-like base 4 a (hereinafter, the side on which the guide column 9 is provided is referred to as “front” in this specification). Is mounted around the support shaft 22a so as to be freely rotatable, and the elevating plate 4 can move up and down along the guide column 9 while rolling the roller 22. In order to determine the upper and lower stroke ends of the lifting plate 4, an upper stroke restriction stopper 23a is fixed to the upper end portion of the guide column 9, and a lower stroke restriction stopper 23b is fixed to the lower end portion.

  As described above, the size in plan view when the stage plate 4 b is fixed to the frame-like base 4 a is set to be slightly smaller than the opening of the case 15. Further, the stopper 10 and the handle 17 are fixed to the upper surface of the stage plate 4b. When these are mounted, the height dimension from the upper end to the lower end of the frame-like base 4a is the height dimension of the case 15. It is set to be low in comparison.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the stopper 10 includes a stopper member 10 a having a hook portion 10 c at its tip and rotatable around a pivot 10 d, and a locking hole (locked portion) formed in the upper end portion of the guide column 9. 10b). As shown in FIG. 4A, the locked portion 10 b is provided at a position where the hook portion 10 c of the stopper member 10 a is locked in a state where the elevating plate 4 is stored using the space in the case 15. .

  A stopper release pedal 16 is mounted on the stage plate 4b of the elevating plate 4. The stopper release pedal 16 can swing around the pivot 16a and is urged by the spring 16b in the direction in which the front end moves upward, that is, clockwise in FIG. A long hole 16c is formed in the side wall of the stopper release pedal 16, and a shaft portion 10e protruding from the stopper member 10a is movably inserted. The stage plate 4b, the stopper member 10a, and the stopper release pedal 16 are connected to the stage. A link device having the plate 4b as a fixed link is configured.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the stopper member 10a is urged by the urging force of the stopper release pedal 16 in the direction in which the hook portion 10c is pressed against the side wall of the guide column 9, and as shown in FIG. Is locked to the locked portion 10b of the guide column 9 in the state where the upper stroke ends, that is, the case 15 is stored using the internal space of the case 15. In the locked state, the front end edge of the stopper release pedal 16 is in contact with the rear end edge of the hook portion 10c, and is clockwise, that is, locked in FIG. The hooked state of the hook portion 10c is maintained against the operating force in the release direction.

  As a result, the elevating plate 4 is held at the upper stroke end position, and from this state, as shown in FIG. 4B, the evacuee A gets on the elevating plate 4 and rotates the stopper release pedal 16 counterclockwise. When stepped on, the stopper member 10a rotates in the direction of releasing the engagement with the guide column 9, and the lift plate 4 that has lost its support falls due to its own weight.

  Further, when the operation force to the stopper release pedal 16 is released, a return force to the original position is generated in the stopper release pedal 16 and the stopper member 10a, and accordingly, the hook portion 10c of the stopper member 10a is attached to the guide column 9. Press against the wall. When the elevating plate 4 is lifted in this state, the hook portion 10c is elastically locked to the locked portion 10b at the position where the hook portion 10c faces the locked portion 10b, that is, the upper stroke end position, and automatically operates. Transition to the state.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the handle 17 is formed in a T shape by fixing a handle body 17b to one end of a leg 17a. The handle 17 is attached to the elevating plate 4 by inserting a mounting rod 24 through a through-hole 17c opened at the lower end of the leg 17a, and between the lying posture shown in FIG. 5 and the standing posture shown in FIG. Transition is possible. The elevating plate 4 has a leg insertion hole 4c. As shown in FIG. 5, the erecting operation of the handle 17 erects the leg 17a so that the attachment rod 24 is positioned at the lower end of the through long hole 17c. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 6, the lower end of the leg 17a can be dropped into the leg insertion hole 4c.

  The leg 17a can be telescopically expanded and contracted, and the handle 17 is used by causing the leg 17a to stand up and then extending as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, when the handle 17 is in the extended state, the handle main body 17b is positioned substantially at the waist level of the refugee A, and the refugee A can support the body by grasping the handle main body 17b in this state. .

  In order to reduce the descending speed of the elevating plate 4 when the stopper 10 is released, a gradual descending device 8 is provided in the evacuation device. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 8, the slow descending device 8 includes a drum 6 held at the upper end of the guide column 9, one end on the support shaft 22 a of the roller 22 of the elevating plate 4, and the other end on the guide column 9. The wire 7 is fixed to the fixing point 9b of the hollow inner wall and the intermediate part is wound around the drum 6 an appropriate number of times.

  The rotational speed of the drum 6 is limited to a predetermined speed or less by connecting both ends of a rotating shaft 6 a that cannot idle with respect to the drum 6 to the speed reducer 5. In this embodiment, the speed reducer 5 uses a disk damper that generates resistance torque using the viscosity of oil.

  Further, in order to give the drum 6 an initial rotational force in the direction of pulling up the elevating plate 4, the weight 11 is suspended between the drum 6 and the fixing point 9 b to the guide column 9. A moving pulley 14 is fixed to the upper end of the weight 11, and when this moving pulley 14 is placed on the above-mentioned portion of the wire 7, the wire 7 is given a tension in a direction in which the wire 7 is fed out from the drum 6 by the load of the weight 11. .

  The weight of the weight 11 is set so that the tension described above is slightly larger than the tension due to the weight of the elevating plate 4. By causing the weight 11 of this weight to act between the drum 6 and the fixing point 9b to the guide column 9, the drum 6 has a tension similar to the state in which the return wire 7 'is separately wound around the drum 6. A rotational force in the direction of pulling up the elevating plate 4 is given with a size equal to the product of the difference between the two and the diameter of the drum 6.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, after opening the upper lid 15a of the case 15, when the handle 17 is set and the elevator plate 4 is transferred to and then the stopper release pedal 16 is depressed, the stopper 10 is released and the elevator plate 4 is lowered. Start. When the elevating plate 4 is lowered, the descending speed is reduced by the slow descending device 8, the swinging of the elevating plate 4 is restricted by the guide of the guide column 9, and the refugee A holds a stable posture by grasping the handle 17. Therefore, the safety of descent can be secured.

  When the elevating plate 4 is lowered to a height at which safe evacuation to the lower floor veranda 13 is possible, the elevating plate 4 comes into contact with the lower stroke restriction stopper 23b formed on the guide column 9 and the lowering operation is stopped. The weight 11 located in the vicinity of the lower end of the guide column 9 rises by a distance corresponding to half of the lowering amount as the elevating plate 4 descends, and when the refugee A descends from the elevating plate 4 at the lower stroke end position. The lift plate 4 moves upward by the action of the weight 11.

  When the up-and-down plate 4 reaches the upper stroke end where the upper stroke posture stopper 10 comes into contact, the stopper 10 operates as described above, and another refugee A left on the upper floor can evacuate.

  Moreover, the raising / lowering plate 4 mentioned above is provided with the lower cover (lid body 12) which obstruct | occludes the evacuation opening 2 from the lower floor side, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. The lower lid 12 is a metal plate, and is formed to have a size that is slightly larger than the opening width of the evacuation opening 2 and whose outer peripheral edge overlaps the outer peripheral edge of the flange 15 c at the lower end of the case 15. The lower lid 12 is fixed to the lower surface of the frame-like base portion 4a, and is located on the back surface of the flange 15c at the lower end portion of the case 15 at the upper stroke end position where the elevating plate 4 contacts the upper stroke regulating stopper 23a formed on the guide column 9. On the other hand, the surface of the peripheral edge abuts. In FIG. 9, 12a is a support insertion hole through which the guide support 9 is inserted.

  Therefore, when the evacuation device is not used, the lifting plate 4 takes the raised position by the action of the weight 11, and the stopper 10 operates to be held at that position. In this state, the elevating plate 4 is stored using the space in the case 15, and when the upper lid 15a is closed, the surface of the upper lid 15a substantially coincides with the floor surface 1 of the veranda 13, and the evacuation device does not stand out so much. The appearance of 13 is kept good. Further, during such storage, the elevating plate 4 closes the evacuation opening 2 from the lower floor side by the lower lid 12, and the appearance when the resident looks up upward on the veranda 13 on the lower floor side is also good. Kept.

  At the time of evacuation, the lower lid 12 is separated from the back surface of the flange 15c of the case 15 as the elevating plate 4 is lowered, and the lower lid 12 is reliably opened simultaneously with the evacuation. Since the opened lower lid 12 descends together with the lifting plate 4, it is always located below the evacuee A who does not interfere with the evacuation. When the lifting plate 4 moves to the end of the lower stroke, it is placed on the floor surface of the lower veranda 13. Take a close position.

  In the above, the case where the flange 15c at the lower end of the case 15 rides on the back surface of the floor slab and the lower lid 12 further overlaps the flange 15c from below is shown. For example, the lower end of the evacuation opening 2 is widened. The flange 15c is arranged so as to be buried in a position slightly higher than the back surface of the floor slab. Further, when the lower cover 12 is overlapped with the flange 15c from below, the back surface of the lower cover 12 faces the back surface of the floor slab. It is also possible to make it one.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Floor surface 2 Evacuation opening 3 Evacuation destination 4 Elevating plate 5 Deceleration device 6 Drum 7 Wire 8 Slow down device 9 Guide support 10 Stopper 11 Weight 12 Lid 13 Veranda A Evacuee

Claims (4)

An elevating plate drops shelter located under direction from the evacuation opening, which is opened on the floor by using the weight of the evacuees,
A gradual lowering device that restricts the lowering speed of the lifting plate by connecting the feeding end of the wire wound around the drum whose rotational speed is regulated by the reduction device and whose feeding speed is regulated;
The lifting plate and the guide is installed between the evacuation opening and shelter, have a guide post for regulating the roll of the descent time of the lifting plate,
The elevating plate is provided with a lid that is larger than the opening area of the evacuation opening, and covers the evacuation opening from below by the lid so as to be closed by moving in the pulling direction .   The evacuation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a stopper that regulates a descent from the closed position of the evacuation opening of the elevating plate in an operating state. The wire evacuation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the initial tension in a direction to raise the elevating plate is found given by weight to. The evacuation opening is opened on the floor of the house veranda,
The elevating plate, except for least lid also evacuation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is received in the escape opening when not in use.

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