JP5212859B2 - Carbonization equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus that performs carbonization of organic raw materials including natural and synthetic organic substances, and in particular, continuously performs carbonization using infrared heating in a steam atmosphere using a predetermined dried raw material. It is related with the carbonization processing apparatus which can do.

  Today, a large amount of waste such as vegetation, cereals, seafood, plastics, sewage sludge is discharged, and there is a demand for an effective method for treating such organic waste. As one of the effective treatment methods for such waste, there is a method of using an organic substance as a carbide and utilizing it, and an organic substance carbonization method using superheated steam is attracting attention. However, this carbonization treatment method using superheated steam has a problem that a large amount of superheated steam is used and the thermal efficiency is low. For this reason, various methods or apparatuses for efficiently carbonizing organic substances have been attempted.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a continuous heat treatment apparatus capable of continuously performing dehydration, drying, and carbonization treatment of organic substances and the like using a heat treatment chamber in which a hot-air generator and a disk-shaped heating disk are provided in a plurality of stages. Has been proposed. This continuous heat treatment apparatus is provided on the upper surface of the heating plate, and feeds the raw materials supplied by the grinding member and the scraping moving member that rotate relative to the heating plate from the outer periphery of the heating plate to the center, and from the center. It is characterized in that dehydration, drying and carbonization can be continuously performed while the raw materials are sequentially dropped on a heating plate provided below while being moved in the outer circumferential direction.

  Patent Document 2 proposes an activated carbon production apparatus that can perform carbonization treatment with high energy efficiency by effectively using dry distillation gas generated during carbonization treatment, and obtain good quality activated carbon in a short time. That is, an in-furnace container for containing activated carbon raw material in the furnace chamber, a steam supply pipe for supplying steam into the in-furnace container, and combustion air mixed with dry distillation gas flowing out of the in-furnace container into the furnace chamber A furnace chamber side wall or an air duct directly inserted in the furnace chamber is provided, and the steam supplied from the steam supply pipe and / or the carbonization gas generated by dry distillation of the activated carbon raw material by heating the furnace chamber and contact with the combustion air An activated carbon production apparatus has been proposed in which the activated carbon raw material in the furnace vessel is heated with combustion heat generated by burning.

JP 2007-144339 JP JP2003-300718

  As shown in the carbonization processing apparatus described in Patent Document 1 or 2, the conventional carbonization processing apparatus is a carbonization process of organic matter such as carbonization gas generated from the carbonization process or a gas from a heating furnace or a non-oxidized state in the processing chamber. Many of them are used as media.

  On the other hand, when performing carbonization treatment of organic matter, there are cases where the drying treatment and carbonization treatment of organic matter are carried out by separate devices, and such treatment is carried out by one device like the carbonization treatment device described in Patent Document 1 or 2. There is a case. Patent Document 1 describes that in order to obtain high-quality carbide with a simple apparatus, it is preferable to perform drying and carbonization with one apparatus.

  However, wastes such as vegetation have various forms and properties, and it is not easy to efficiently obtain high-quality carbide by performing such waste from drying to carbonization in one apparatus. Moreover, there is a problem that such an apparatus for performing from drying to carbonization tends to be complicated.

  In view of such conventional problems, the present invention uses a variety of organic raw materials such as predetermined dried vegetation, efficiently carbonized, and can continuously obtain high-quality carbides. An object is to provide an apparatus.

  The carbonization apparatus according to the present invention has a carbonization tank composed of a carbonization part and a cooling part provided below the rotary plate, and in a state where the carbonization part is maintained oxygen-free by superheated steam. The raw material supplied on the rotating plate was carbonized by the cooperation of infrared rays and heated steam, and when the rotating plate was rotated once, the carbonized carbide was sent to the cooling unit and kept oxygen-free by the steam. It cools in a state and performs the carbonization process of a raw material continuously.

  In addition, the carbonization apparatus according to the present invention discharges the carbonized carbide to the outside, and a carbonization tank that performs carbonization of the raw material sent from the supply means while being kept oxygen-free by superheated steam. A carbonization treatment apparatus having a discharge means and a waste steam treatment means for treating the waste steam from the carbonization treatment tank, wherein the carbonization treatment tank has an upper layer sandwiched between rotating plates connected to the rotation apparatus. An infrared heater comprising a carbonization section that performs carbonization and a cooling section that cools the carbonized carbide in the lower layer, and the carbonization section performs carbonization of the raw material fed from the supply means to the upper surface of the rotating plate And a superheated steam supply means, and a feeding means for transferring the carbonized carbide to the cooling section, the cooling section in a state where the carbide sent from the carbonization section is maintained oxygen-free. Cooling water Having a gas supply means, a stacking means for stacking the cooled carbides,.

  In the above invention, the carbonization tank should have a dust collection duct on the outer periphery of the rotating plate, and the height adjusting means for reducing the raw material received on the rotating plate to a certain height or less, and the dispersion and leveling. It is good to have a leveling means to do. The height adjusting means or / and the leveling means may be adjusted in height.

  It is preferable that the rotating plate has a collecting cylinder at the center thereof, and the carbonized carbide is sent from the collecting cylinder to the cooling unit through the central hole of the rotating plate. The feeding means for performing such feeding may include a collecting plate that prevents rotation of the carbide on the rotating plate and a transporting means that feeds the carbide accumulated by the collecting plate into the collecting cylinder.

  The cooling section should have an inclined surface so that the carbides received from the carbonizing section can be easily accumulated on the bottom, and further has a scraping means for scraping off the carbide adhering to the inclined surface. Is good.

  The superheated steam supply means can supply 150 to 400 ° C. superheated steam, and the water vapor supply means can supply saturated steam of 100 ° C. or less.

  By providing the carbonization tank as described above, it is possible to configure a carbonization apparatus that can perform carbonization while the rotating plate rotates the raw material received in the carbonization tank.

  According to the carbonization apparatus according to the present invention, high-quality carbide can be continuously obtained by efficiently carbonizing various organic materials such as vegetation using a predetermined dried raw material.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a carbonization tank portion of a carbonization apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the carbonization treatment tank portion, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the AA cross-section of FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the present carbonization apparatus carbonizes the raw material fed into the supply pipe 61 by a supply means (not shown) in the carbonization tank 10, and discharge means connected to the discharge pipe 63 ( Exhaust steam treatment means (not shown) for discharging the carbide carbonized by the carbonization treatment tank 10 to the outside and treating exhaust steam exhausted from the exhaust pipe 65 of the carbonization treatment tank 10 is connected. ing. In this carbonization equipment, animal and vegetable products (biomass such as grass, bamboo and wood, food materials such as vegetables, cereals, seaweed and seafood, processed products and wastes thereof), various fermentation sludges, sewage Organic materials including natural and synthetic organic materials such as sludge, fibers, rubber and plastics can be used as raw materials.

  In this carbonization apparatus, the supply means can use, for example, a screw conveyor connected to the supply pipe 61 from the raw material storage. As the discharge means, a screw conveyor connected to the discharge pipe 63 or a movable carriage provided directly under the discharge pipe 63 can be used. As the exhaust steam processing means, for example, a multi-tube steam condensing device connected to the exhaust pipe 65 can be used. In the carbonization apparatus, as described below, it is important that the inside of the carbonization tank 10 is filled with water vapor and is in an unoxidized state. It is preferable to provide a highly airtight rotary valve or the like so that air does not easily enter the carbonization tank 10 from the outside.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the carbonization treatment tank 10 includes a carbonization part 11 and a cooling part 31, and the carbonization part 11 and the cooling part 31 are partitioned by a rotating plate 20. The carbonization unit 11 is provided with an infrared heater 14 that irradiates infrared rays, and a superheated steam pipe 15 that discharges superheated steam from the superheated steam supply means to the carbonization unit 11. The raw material sent from the supply means to the upper surface of the rotating plate 20 through the supply pipe 61 performs carbonization of the raw material in cooperation with the infrared rays irradiated from the infrared heater 14 and the superheated steam sprayed from the superheated steam tube 15. be able to.

  In the present carbonization apparatus, the output of the infrared heater 14, the temperature and flow rate of the superheated steam are determined so that the predetermined carbonization process is performed while the rotating plate 20 is rotated once. For this reason, in the carbonization treatment, in order to perform the predetermined carbonization treatment, it is preferable to use a predetermined dried raw material, and the heating of the raw material is preferably performed mainly by the infrared heater 14. Note that “predetermined drying” means that a raw material having a high water content is previously dried to a predetermined water content or less, and a raw material having a predetermined water content or less can be used as it is. The predetermined amount of moisture is determined by the property, shape, etc. of the organic material used as a raw material.

  As the infrared heater 14, various heaters such as a known infrared heater, a far-infrared heater, and a halogen heater can be used. However, a far-infrared heater is preferable in the carbonization apparatus. The heating area of the infrared heater 14 is preferably 20% or more, and preferably 30% or more, of the surface area of the rotating plate 20 that accepts the raw material.

  The superheated steam supply means is preferably constituted by a boiler and a heater capable of generating saturated steam in consideration of the steam supply means described below. Although a well-known thing can be used for a boiler, the thing provided with the water softener is good.

  The superheated steam supplied from the superheated steam supply means is preferably distributed evenly to the raw material on the rotating plate 20, and as shown in FIG. 3, the superheated steam pipe 15 circulates around the periphery of the carbonization section 11. It is good to provide. The superheated steam pipe 15 is preferably provided with a number of spouts so that the superheated steam is uniformly ejected from the periphery of the carbonized portion 11 toward the center. The spout can be configured such that superheated steam is directed horizontally or downward, and the length of the superheated steam pipe 15 can be made shorter than the circulation length as necessary.

  In the present carbonization apparatus, the temperature of the superheated steam can be lowered because the raw material is heated mainly by the infrared heater 14, and the energy efficiency can be improved. For example, the temperature of the superheated steam can be set to 150 to 400 ° C. However, the temperature of the superheated steam is preferably 200 to 400 ° C. The pressure and flow rate of the superheated steam must be such that air does not enter from the outside and the carbonized portion 11 is kept oxygen-free. In addition, oxygen-free means the oxygen-free state below the grade which does not produce the oxidation or combustion of the raw material carbonized.

  The carbonization section 11 is preferably provided with a height adjusting means for reducing the height of the raw material supplied on the rotating plate 20 to a certain level or less. For example, as shown in FIGS. It is possible to provide a height adjusting means 28 that adjusts the height by contacting the raw material on the plate 20 during rotation. An appropriate number of height adjusting means 28 can be provided so that the height of the raw material becomes a predetermined value or less during one rotation of the rotating plate 20. The height adjusting means 28 can be a fixed type, but the height can be adjusted according to the properties of the raw material, etc. In this example, the height adjusting means 28 is connected to the height adjusting means 28. It can be adjusted from the outside by operating the handle.

  The carbonization section 11 is preferably provided with a leveling means for dispersing and leveling the raw material supplied onto the rotating plate 20, for example, having a rake-like claw as shown in FIGS. In addition, leveling means 29 that swings in the rotation direction of the rotating plate 20 can be provided. As with the height adjusting means 28, a plurality of the leveling means 29 can be provided, and the height can be adjusted according to the properties of the raw material. By providing the leveling means 29 and the height adjusting means 28 as described above, the carbonization of the raw material can be performed uniformly and rapidly.

  Further, the carbonization unit 11 is preferably provided with a feeding means that can efficiently transfer the carbide carbonized in the carbonization unit 11 to the cooling unit 31 below. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the carbonized carbide is stopped by rotation and collected by a collecting plate 26 that accumulates in one place, and a transfer means 27 that transfers the carbide accumulated by the collecting plate 26. The means 25 can be configured so that the accumulated carbide is fed into the cooling unit 31 from the central hole 22 provided in the central part of the rotating plate 20. In this example, a different diameter screw is used as the transfer means 27.

  For feeding carbide into the cooling section 31, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the center hole 22 is slightly lifted from the rotating plate 20 so that the accumulated carbide is reliably fed into the cooling section 31. A collecting cylinder 17 that covers the upper surface and is connected to the collecting plate 26 is preferably provided. In this example, the collection cylinder 17 is supported by an attachment member 18 fixed to the outer peripheral wall surface of the carbonized portion 11. The collecting cylinder 17 is a fixed base portion for the height adjusting means 28 and the leveling means 29.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the rotating plate 20 in the carbonization treatment tank 10 can be rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by a rotating device 50 through a rotating frame 33 of a cooling unit 31 described below. The rotating device 50 is installed on a base 51, and is attached to a shaft 55 that is rotated by a driving device (not shown) via a sprocket 58, a bearing 53 that supports the shaft 55, and a rotating frame 33 of the cooling unit 31. It consists of a combined head 56.

  The rotating plate 20 preferably has a heat insulating property so that the carbonized portion 11 is not cooled by the cooling portion 31. Further, the raw material on the rotating plate 20 is stirred by the height adjusting means 28 and the leveling means 29 provided on the upper surface of the rotating plate 20, so that dust is easily generated in the carbonized portion 11. Such dust may be recovered by providing a dust recovery duct 24 surrounding the outer periphery of the rotating plate 20 as shown in FIG. For example, the dust collecting duct 24 is rotated together with the rotating plate 20 to scrape dust accumulated in the dust collecting duct 24 so that it can be collected in a dust collecting box (not shown) provided in the dust collecting duct 24. It is good.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the cooling unit 31 in the carbonization treatment tank 10 has a fixed frame 32 and a rotating frame 33, and has a shape like a container in which a substantially central part of the bottom is raised upward in a conical shape. ing. The fixed frame 33 is integrated with the outer peripheral wall of the carbonized portion 31 via the dust collection duct 24, and is provided in a stationary state. The rotating frame 33 is coupled to the head 56 of the rotating device 50 so as to rotate integrally with the shaft 55. The support member 36 (36A, 36B) fixed to the rotary frame 33 is coupled to the rotary plate 20 so that the rotary plate 20 is rotated.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the cooling unit 31 is provided with a water vapor pipe 35 that ejects saturated water vapor supplied from the water vapor supply means into the cooling unit 31. The steam pipe 35 is also provided in the same shape and shape as the superheated steam pipe 15 so that the carbides fed from the carbonization section 11 can be uniformly cooled in an oxygen-free state. The carbide sent from the carbonizing section 11 is cooled to a temperature of, for example, 180 ° C. or less by saturated steam of 100 ° C. or less ejected from the steam pipe 35. Thereby, even if the carbonized carbide is discharged from the carbonization tank 10 to the outside, its oxidation or combustion is prevented. The exhaust steam of the cooling unit 31 is processed by the exhaust steam processing means because the exhaust pipe having the same shape as the exhaust pipe 65 provided on the side of the cooling unit 31 communicates with the exhaust pipe 65. It has become.

  As shown in FIG. 2, carbides fed into the cooling unit 31 from the center hole 22 of the rotating plate 20 are easily accumulated on the bottom 32 b of the fixed frame 32 in the fixed frame 32 and the rotary frame 33 constituting the cooling unit 31. Such inclined surfaces 32a and 33a are preferably provided. Further, it is preferable to provide a scraping means that scrapes the carbide deposited on the inclined surface 32a of the fixed frame 32 and accumulates it on the bottom 32b. The scraping means of this example includes a support member 36A coupled to the rotating body 20 and a scraping plate 37 supported by the support member 38. With such a configuration of the cooling unit 31, the cooled carbide can be accumulated on the bottom 32b of the fixed frame 32. That is, in the case of this example, the accumulating means for accumulating the cooled carbide is composed of an inclined surface structure that reaches the bottom 32b of the cooling section 31 and a scraping means.

It is a front view which shows the external appearance of the carbonization tank part of the carbonization apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of the carbonization tank part shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the AA cross-section part shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

10 Carbonization tank
11 Carbonization part
14 Infrared heater
15 Superheated steam pipe
17 Collection cylinder
18 Mounting member
20 Rotating plate
22 Center hole
24 Dust collection duct
25 Delivery method
26 Collection plate
27 Means of transport
28 Height adjustment means
29 Leveling means
31 Cooling unit
32 Fixed frame
33 Rotating frame
35 Steam pipe
36, 36A, 36B Support member
37 scraping plate
38 Support member
50 Rotating device
51 base
53 Bearing
55 axes
56 head
58 Sprocket
61 Supply pipe
63 discharge pipe
65 Exhaust pipe

Claims (10)

It has a carbonization treatment tank consisting of a carbonization part (11) and a cooling part (31) provided below the rotation plate (20),
The raw material supplied on the rotating plate (20) is carbonized by the cooperation of infrared rays and heated steam in the carbonization section (11) while being kept oxygen-free by superheated steam, and the rotating plate (20) When rotated, the carbonized carbonized material is sent to the cooling unit (31) and cooled in a state where it is kept oxygen-free by water vapor, and continuously carbonizes the raw material. A carbonization tank (10) for performing carbonization of the raw material fed from the supply means while being kept oxygen-free by superheated steam, a discharge means for discharging the carbonized carbide to the outside, and the carbonization tank An exhaust steam treatment means for treating the exhaust steam from
The carbonization tank (10) is provided with a carbonization section (11) for carbonizing the upper layer and a cooling of the carbonized carbide in the lower layer sandwiching a rotating plate (20) connected to the rotating device (50). It consists of a cooling part (31) to perform,
The carbonization part (11) includes an infrared heater (14) and superheated steam supply means for carbonizing the raw material sent from the supply means to the upper surface of the rotating plate (20), and the carbonized carbide in the cooling part. A feeding means (25) for transporting to (31),
The cooling unit (31) includes a water vapor supply unit that cools the carbides fed from the carbonization unit (11) in an oxygen-free state, and a carbonization process that accumulates the cooled carbides. apparatus.   The carbonization apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the carbonization tank (10) has a dust collection duct (24) on an outer periphery of the rotating plate (20).   The carbonization tank (10) has a height adjusting means (28) for reducing the raw material received on the rotating plate (20) to a certain height or less and a leveling means (29) for dispersing and leveling. The carbonization processing apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that   The rotating plate (20) has a collecting cylinder (17) at the center thereof, and the carbonized carbide is sent from the collecting cylinder (17) to the cooling section (31) through the central hole of the rotating plate. The carbonization processing apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein   The feeding means (25) includes a collecting plate (26) for preventing rotation of the carbide on the rotating plate (20), and a transferring means for feeding the carbide accumulated by the collecting plate (26) into the collecting cylinder (17) ( 27). The carbonization apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein   The carbonization treatment according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the cooling part (31) has an inclined surface so that the carbide received from the carbonization part (11) can be easily accumulated on the bottom thereof. apparatus.   The carbonization apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the cooling unit (11) further includes scraping means for scraping off the carbide adhering to the inclined surface.   9. The superheated steam supply means can supply superheated steam at 150 to 400 ° C., and the steam supply means can supply saturated steam at 100 ° C. or less. The carbonization processing apparatus of crab.   The carbonization tank (10) is configured such that the received raw material can be carbonized while the rotating plate (20) is rotated once. The carbonization apparatus of description.

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