JP2005238120A - Vacuum drying/carbonization device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vacuum drying/carbonization device capable of efficiently performing drying and carbonization in one device and preparing a carbide excellent in quality when a liquid containing (organic) waste is dried and properly carbonized. <P>SOLUTION: The vacuum drying/carbonization device 1 is provided with a drying/carbonization chamber 2 and a hot-air generation/heating furnace 5, and the drying/carbonization chamber 2 is provided with a charge opening for materials to be treated 21, a gas outlet 12 and a discharge opening for treated waste 24. The hot-air generation/heating furnace 5 is provided with a hot-air generation part 5a and a hot-air guide part 5b for heating the drying/carbonization chamber 2. The hot-air generation part 5a is provided with a gas inlet 9 through a wall surface and a burner 6 (heat source for hot-air) therein. Then the gas outlet 12 of the vacuum drying/carbonization chamber is connected to the gas inlet 9 of the hot-air generation/heating furnace by a gas pipe 14 with an air ejector 8 installed at the gas inlet 9. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel reduced-pressure drying / carbonization apparatus that can dry an organic or inorganic liquid-containing treatment, and in the case of the former, carbonization (dry distillation) at the same time. Is suitable for drying / carbonizing.

  Here, liquid-containing organic wastes include various sludges, human feces, livestock excreta, okara, food waste, food residues, wood-based / plastic-based / rubber-based organic wastes, bandages, This includes medical waste such as gauze and diapers and other liquid organic waste.

  Here, a liquid-containing organic waste is described as an example of the object to be treated, but is not limited to a liquid-containing organic waste.

  The conventional drying carbonization apparatus has been separated from the drying furnace and the carbonization furnace, or requires a gas cooling tower or a bag filter, so that the apparatus is complicated, troublesome, and processed products cannot be obtained. Carbonizers have a method of burning some raw materials and steaming them, but this produces a lot of ash, making it difficult to obtain good quality charcoal (distilled product).

  Organic waste such as various types of sludge, human excrement, livestock excrement, okara, food waste, food residues, etc. can be dried and reused as fertilizer, etc., but other woody / plastic / rubber wastes and the above medical Waste cannot be reused in that way.

  Therefore, it is conceivable to carbonize them together. For this reason, organic carbonization devices are on the market, that is, are marketed.

  However, these carbonization equipment is a separate means for dewatering and drying treatment means (drying equipment) and dry distillation means (carbonization equipment) in hydrous waste, and both drying equipment and dry distillation (carbonization) equipment are required. Met. Further, usually, a gas cooling tower and a bag filter are required, the apparatus is complicated, and it is difficult to obtain a processed product (carbide or carbonized product) having a good quality.

  In the carbonization apparatus, a part of the object to be treated is burned and steamed, but this is because it is difficult to obtain a high quality carbide because of the large amount of ash.

  These techniques describe what the inventors have observed on-site and other companies' products, and are not specifically described in prior art documents.

In addition, although it does not affect the inventiveness of the present invention, there is Patent Document 1 or the like previously proposed by the inventor as a prior art document related to the vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus used in the present invention. .
JP 2000-320967 A

  In view of the above, in the present invention, when a liquid-containing (organic) waste is dried, and further appropriately carbonized, the drying / carbonization treatment can be efficiently performed with a single apparatus to obtain a high-quality carbide. An object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus that can be used.

The reduced pressure drying / carbonization apparatus of the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by the following configuration.
It has a drying / carbonization chamber and hot air generation / heating furnace,
The drying / carbonization chamber includes a workpiece input port, a gas outlet, and a processed product discharge port, and has a mixing means.
The hot air generation / heating furnace includes a hot air generation unit and a hot air guide unit, and the hot air generation unit includes a gas inlet and a hot air heat source.
The steam outlet of the drying / carbonization chamber and the gas inlet of the hot air generating / heating furnace are connected to each other by a gas pipe with a decompression / injection means provided at the gas inlet.

  Evaporation is promoted by heating and depressurization of the workpiece put into the drying / carbonizing chamber, and the vaporized vapor (gas) is injected and introduced into the hot air generation / heating furnace. The vaporized vapor in the form of mist comes into contact with an internal hot air heat source of the hot air generation / heating furnace to become hot air (usually superheated steam), improving the heating efficiency for the drying / carbonizing chamber, Evaporation and carbonization (drying / dry distillation) are synergistically promoted. In addition, dry distillation gas also contacts a hot air heat source to promote hot carbon (superheated gas) or combustion to promote carbonization. Furthermore, the odor component of the vaporized vapor or the dry distillation gas comes into contact with the hot air heat source and is thermally decomposed so that the odor is almost eliminated.

  And since the carbide | carbonized_material (dry-distilled product) obtained with the reduced pressure drying / carbonization apparatus of this invention turns into a porous carbide | carbonized_material (coke-like), a soil conditioner (for plant cultivation), a moisture regulator, a snow melting agent, heat retention It becomes a valuable material such as an adsorbent, an adsorbent, and fuel (biomass energy) and can be recycled (recycled).

  In the present invention, the mixing means, the pressure reducing / injecting means, and the hot air heat source are as follows.

  The mixing means is a stirrer (fixed type) that can be continuously operated easily. It is good also as a container rotation type which rotates a carbonization chamber (connecting means, such as a rotary valve, is required).

  The pressure reducing / injecting means is an ejector having air (air) as a first fluid (driving fluid) that has a simple structure and is easy to maintain (hereinafter referred to as “air ejector”: injection pump). A gas transporter (compressor: including a turbo type and a positive displacement type) and an injection nozzle (spray nozzle) can be used in combination.

  The hot air heat source is usually a burner or an electric heater (resistance heater). When the facility is large, the hot air generating furnace may be a combustion furnace (cooker) such as coal or wood fuel.

  In the reduced-pressure drying / carbonization apparatus of the present invention, the following embodiments can be further provided.

  The stirring shaft of the stirrer is a hollow shaft, and a treated product discharge pipe having a suction port at a lower position of the drying / carbonization chamber is connected via the hollow shaft.

  In addition, if the vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus of this invention is described as invention of a method, it will become the following structure.

  A method for drying / carbonizing a liquid-containing workpiece comprising the following steps.

  (1) A drying / carbonization process in which a liquid-containing workpiece is dried / carbonized (dry distillation) in a carbonization chamber where the pressure is reduced by a decompression means.

  (2) Generation of hot air that generates hot air (heat medium) by sucking the air and generated gas (including steam) in the carbonization chamber (carbonization processing site) with the decompression means and injecting it into the hot air heat source. Process.

  (3) A heat transfer / discharge process for discharging the hot air from above while conducting heat transfer to the carbonization chamber.

  One of the best embodiments will be described with reference to FIGS. First, the abbreviation will be described.

  This is a vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus having a jacket structure, and includes a hot air generation / heating furnace 5 formed by a drying carbonization chamber 1 and a jacket portion 15.

  The drying / carbonization chamber 2 may have a vertical and horizontal cylindrical shape and a reverse kamaboko shape, and has a horizontal stirrer 3 (mixing means) for stirring and mixing the inside. A hot air generation / heating furnace 5 is provided at the lower part of the jacket structure, and the hot air generation / heating furnace 5 includes a hot air generation part (hot air generation part) 5a and a hot air guide part 5b. And the hot air generation part 5a is provided with the burner 6 as a hot air heat source. Further, the drying / carbonization chamber 2 and the hot air generating section 5a are connected by a gas pipe (connecting pipe) 14, and a gas outlet of the gas pipe 14, that is, a gas inlet of the hot air generating section 5b is connected to an air ejector 8 (decompression pressure). The ejector discharge port (injection port) 9 faces the hot air generating part heat 5b via the injection means).

  In this way, the air is ejected by the air ejector 8 and the drawn-in air, the evaporated vapor generated by the indirect heating applied to the object to be processed, and the gas can be introduced into the hot air generation / heating furnace 5 at a high temperature and reheated. Thus, in the hot air generation / heating furnace 5 of the hot air generation / heating furnace 5, the superheated or pyrolysis dish is burned and becomes hot air (hot air, superheated steam, or superheated decomposition gas) so that drying and carbonization can be performed more efficiently. It has become.

  Hereinafter, a more detailed description will be given based on FIGS.

  A vacuum drying carbonization apparatus 1 whose inside or outside of the outer wall is heat-insulated. A drying / carbonization chamber 2 is installed in the apparatus 1, and a rotatable horizontal stirrer 3 (mixing means) is installed inside the drying / carbonization chamber 2. ) Is mounted (arranged) by being supported by the heat-resistant bearing 4. The bearing 4 has a structure that is shielded from the outside air via a packing. On the peripheral surface of the drying / carbonizing chamber 2, a hot air generating / heating furnace 5 is formed in a jacket shape (so as to cover it). The lower surface side of the drying / carbonizing chamber 2 of the hot air generation / heating furnace 5 is a hot air generation unit 5a, and a burner 6 serving as a hot air heat source is disposed in the hot air generation unit 5a.

  The gas inlet of the hot air generator 5a is formed by a discharge port 9 of an air ejector 8 as decompression means, and operates (operates) a blower 10 that generates air as a driving fluid (first fluid) of the air ejector 8. Thus, moisture and gas generated from the air in the drying / carbonization chamber 2 and the object to be processed are sucked from the gas outlet 12 of the drying / carbonization chamber 2 and the drying / carbonization chamber 2 is decompressed.

  The sucked air, vaporized vapor, and gas are introduced into the hot air generation / heating furnace 5 through the gas pipe (connecting pipe) 14 at a high temperature and reheated by the flame of the burner 6 (hot air heat source). Superheated gas, pyrolysis gas, and further burned to become hot air consisting of combustion gas, increasing the heating energy of hot air, which is a heating source for drying and carbonization (dry distillation).

  The hot air (hot air, superheated gas, pyrolysis gas, combustion gas) passes through the hot air guide part 5b formed by the jacket part 15 formed by the drying / carbonization chamber 2 and the outer wall of the apparatus, and the workpiece 11 inside. Indirect heating. The hot air guide portion (hot air passage) 5b formed by the jacket portion is provided with a baffle (baffle plate, guide plate) 16 to prevent a short path. Thus, the hot air 17 travels around the outer periphery of the drying / carbonization chamber 2 and is exhausted from the exhaust cylinder 18. An exhaust damper 20 is attached to the exhaust cylinder 18. The exhaust damper 20 controls the temperature and wind pressure in the hot air generation / heating furnace 5 by controlling the flow rate of hot air. The workpiece 11 is charged from the raw material inlet 21 and is stirred uniformly by the paddle (stirring blade) 22 of the stirrer 3 so that it is uniformly heated. The stirrer 3 is rotationally driven by a deceleration drive motor 23. In addition, the paddle (stirring blade) 22 of the stirrer 3 can be conveyed (transferred) in the axial direction of the granular material depending on the rotation direction of the stirrer 3. Thus, the processed product (processed product: dry product, carbide) is discharged from the discharge port 24 by the rotation of the stirrer 3.

  Further, the discharge of the processed product 36 may be configured as shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, an electric heater 7 is used as a hot air heat source instead of the burner. The electric heater 7 is protected by a heater protection tube 34.

  The rotating shaft 3a of the stirrer 3 is a hollow shaft, and a suction pipe 3b is connected to one end of the hollow shaft 3a in the processed product conveyance direction, and the open end of the suction pipe 3b is a processed product suction port 27. The processed product discharge side of the hollow shaft 3a is connected to a vacuum suction pipe (processed product transport pipe) 37 connected to a vacuum suction device (vacuumer, dust collector or vacuum cleaner) 25 via a rotary joint 26. . The vacuum suction pipe 37 includes a valve 35. In the case of this configuration, the entire amount can be sucked by using the conveying action of the stirring paddle 22.

  The processing product 36 may be cooled by closing the valve 29 attached to the connecting pipe (gas pipe) 14 and cooling with the blower 10. As a safety measure during operation, when the blower 10 is stopped, the check valve 30 can prevent the backflow of hot air (hot air), and when the drying / carbonization chamber 2 has an abnormal internal pressure, the safety valve 31 applies the pressure. It can be escaped.

  The material of the drying / carbonizing apparatus 1 is preferably heat-resistant stainless steel, and the heat insulating materials such as ceramic fiber refractory material, calcium silicate heat insulating material, rock wool preservation material, etc. are lightweight and suitable for construction. In addition, although a refractory brick or a refractory caster may be sufficient, a weight increases.

If the decompression degree in the drying / carbonization chamber 2 is, for example, −1.33 to −5.33 kPa (−100 to −400 mmHg), the boiling point (in the case of water) is about 96 to 80 ° C. In order to obtain this degree of decompression, the operating conditions of the air ejector 8 are 20 to 150 kPa, and the discharge rate is 2 to 20 m ³ / min.

  The fuel for the burner 6 is kerosene, heavy oil, city gas, LPG, or the like. The temperature in the hot air generation / heating furnace 5 is derived from the temperature sensor 32 provided in the vicinity of the hot air generation unit 5a and the temperature sensor 33 provided in the drying / carbonization chamber 2 in the hot air generation / heating furnace 5. The fuel supply amount is controlled (controlled) by the detection signal and maintained at a predetermined temperature.

  In the case of an electric heater 7 as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of heaters 7 are installed, and temperature control is performed by repeatedly energizing and shutting off the heaters 7 as appropriate.

  As the type of the heater 7, a cast heater, a pipe heater, a cartridge heater, and the like are good, and in the case of a cartridge heater, the life can be extended by using the heater protection tube 34.

  Moreover, the rotation speed of the stirrer 3 of the drying / carbonization chamber 2 is about 1 to 15 rpm (average peripheral speed of 3 to 45 m / min). Therefore, the agitator can be driven by a low power, high torque motor 23.

  Next, usage modes of the above embodiment will be described.

  The present invention can be properly used as a drying apparatus or as a carbonization apparatus depending on the object to be processed.

  That is, it can be used as a drying device when food residues such as okara and vegetable waste are used as feed, or when garbage, sludge, etc. are reused as fertilizer, while flammable organic waste that does not become feed or fertilizer A thing etc. can be used as a carbonization apparatus. When used as a drying device, the end point of drying is determined by the temperature of the temperature sensor in the drying chamber.

  In the drying / carbonization chamber 1 decompressed by the air ejector 8 or the like, the surface temperature indicated by the temperature sensor is usually around 85 ° C. while the moisture of the object to be treated (liquid-containing organic waste) is present. The temperature begins to rise when the water has evaporated. When the temperature rises to about 90 ° C., if the hot air heat source 6 is stopped, the valve 29 of the gas pipe (communication pipe) 14 is closed and cooled by the blower 10, the dried product with a moisture content of about 7 to 15% is generally obtained. Can be obtained.

  When carbonized products (distilled products) to be processed are to be obtained, good quality carbides (distilled products) can be obtained at a display temperature of the temperature sensor 33 in the drying / carbonization chamber of about 250 ° C.

  If the workpiece is put into the drying / carbonization chamber 1 and heated by the burner 6 (hot air heat source), and the drying / carbonization chamber is depressurized by the air ejector 8, the air in the drying / carbonization chamber 1 is initially generated as hot air. / Pull into the furnace 5 (suction). The sucked air comes into contact with the burner 6 (hot air heat source) and becomes hot air, and rises while heating (heating exchange) the drying / carbonizing chamber 1 along the jacket portion 15 (hot air guide portion), The exhaust is exhausted through the exhaust cylinder 19. In this way, the object to be treated in the drying / carbonization chamber 1 is heated to cause evaporation of moisture, and the evaporated vapor is sucked into the hot air generation / heating furnace 5 to become superheated steam (hot air), and more Heat is efficiently applied to the workpiece. Thereby, evaporation is also promoted and a synergistic effect can be expected.

  On the other hand, when used as a drying device, if the operation of the burner 6 (hot air heat source) is controlled so as to keep the temperature of the temperature sensor 32 in the hot air generation / heating furnace 1 at about 400 to 500 ° C., it is very energy saving. Can be processed.

  Moreover, since the reduced-pressure drying / carbonization apparatus of the present invention operates at an intermediate temperature (800 ° C. or lower) as described above, the durability is improved as compared with a high-temperature operation apparatus.

  The water content of the liquid organic waste (object to be treated) evaporates, and when heated further, dry distillation gas is generated. The dry distillation gas is sucked by the air ejector 8 and introduced into the hot air generation / heating furnace 5 to become pyrolysis gas or fuel, and the heating effect (thermal power: amount of heating energy) is further increased (increased).

  The hot air generation / heating furnace 5 may be operated at a temperature of about 400 to 500 ° C. However, in the case of carbonization (dry distillation), the temperature in the drying / carbonization chamber must be increased to about 250 ° C., so that the temperature is 800 ° C. If the temperature is raised to a certain level, the time can be shortened, and further, suppression of dioxin generation can be expected.

  By stirring (mixing) with the stirrer 3 in the drying / carbonizing chamber 2, heat can be uniformly applied to the object to be processed, and there is no unevenness in the finished product, and the boiling point can be reduced by reducing the pressure. Decreasing and evaporating efficiency increases, resulting in improved thermal efficiency (energy saving).

  In addition, gas (gas) (air, vaporized vapor, dry distillation gas) that has been decompressed and sucked into the hot-air generator / heating furnace 5 is superheated by a burner 6 (hot-air heat source: contact heater). Drying and carbonization can be performed while increasing thermal efficiency.

  In the case of carbonization, the moisture and volatile organic matter of the object to be processed are extracted from the inside by reducing the pressure, and in the case of carbonization, it becomes the same state as the activation treatment state, and carbonized products with good pores (dry distillation) even at low temperatures Product) and can be used as activated carbon.

  Further, in the case of used activated carbon, the adsorbed substance is organic. Therefore, if the pyrolysis treatment is performed in the apparatus of the present invention, the activated carbon can be regenerated and can be used as a regenerated apparatus for activated carbon.

  The dried product processed using the apparatus of the present invention can be recycled into feed, fertilizer, etc., and the carbide can be used as fuel, soil conditioner, humidity conditioner, filter agent, snow melting agent, compost, etc. Can be used.

  In addition, it can be processed at low temperatures without causing secondary pollution, and therefore it has increased durability and is easy to operate, requires no driving engineer, is safe without danger, can be operated automatically, and is inexpensive. is there.

  In the case of automatic operation, if the temperature sensor is managed, the operation of the burner or the heater is stopped, and the opening / closing of the exhaust damper is controlled (controlled), the fully automatic operation can be performed.

In each embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a front schematic cross-sectional view of a reduced-pressure drying / carbonizing apparatus 1A in which the stirrer is a vertical stirrer 3B is shown in FIG. Further, FIG. 5 shows a schematic front sectional view of the drying / carbonization chamber in which the processed product is sucked and discharged in FIG. 4 and the hot air generation / heating furnace 1A is omitted.
Since these vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus 1B and drying carbonization chamber 2A are basically the same except that the stirrer is a vertical type in FIGS. 1 and 3, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. The description is omitted.

  The present invention includes various sludges, various concentrated waste liquids, human manure, cow pig and bird manure, food residues, agricultural waste, wood waste, rubber waste, paper waste, medical waste, waste plastic It is intended to dry and carbonize combustible organic waste such as municipal waste.

  It can also be used for drying liquid-containing inorganic substances and reprocessing activated carbon.

It is a front section schematic diagram showing one embodiment of a drying / carbonization device of a horizontal agitator type of a processing object side wall discharge method of the present invention. It is a side sectional schematic diagram similarly. FIG. 2 is a schematic front cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a reduced-pressure drying / carbonizing apparatus that employs a processed product suction and discharge method in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic front cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus having a vertical stirrer in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a schematic front sectional view (hot air generation / heating furnace omitted) showing an embodiment of a vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus having a vertical stirrer in FIG. 3.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A ... Vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus 2, 2A ... Drying / carbonization chamber 3, 3A ... Stirrer (mixing means)
5 ... Hot air generation / heating furnace 5a ... Hot air generation part 5b ... Hot air guide part 6 ... Burner (hot air heat source)
7 ... Electric heater (hot air heat source)
8 ... Ejector (pressure reduction injection means)
11 ... treated object (liquid organic waste)
13 ... Process-related gas 17 ... Hot air generation part 36 ... Processed goods (dry matter, dry distillation product)

Claims (8)

It has a drying / carbonization chamber and hot air generation / heating furnace,
The drying / carbonization chamber includes a workpiece input port, a gas outlet, and a processed product discharge port, and has a mixing means.
The hot air generation / heating furnace includes a hot air generation unit and a hot air guide unit, and the hot air generation unit includes a gas inlet and a hot air heat source,
The gas outlet of the vacuum drying / carbonization chamber and the gas inlet of the hot air generation / heating furnace are connected by a gas pipe with a pressure reduction / injection means disposed at the gas inlet,
A vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus characterized by the above.   2. The vacuum drying / carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mixing means is a stirrer provided in the drying / carbonizing chamber.     3. The reduced pressure drying / carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressure reducing / injecting means is an ejector (hereinafter referred to as “air ejector”) using air as a first fluid (driving fluid).   4. The reduced pressure drying / carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hot air heat source is a burner or an electric heater.   5. The reduced pressure drying / carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hot air guide portion is formed of a jacket portion provided with a baffle plate (guide plate) that forms a hot air flow passage therein. .   6. A treated product discharge pipe having a suction port at a lower position of the vacuum drying / carbonizing chamber is connected to the stirring shaft of the stirrer as a hollow shaft through the hollow shaft. The vacuum drying / carbonization apparatus according to one. A method for drying / carbonizing a liquid-containing object to be processed, comprising the following steps.
(1) A drying / carbonization process in which a liquid-containing workpiece is dried / carbonized (dry distillation) in a carbonization chamber where the pressure is reduced by a decompression means.
(2) Air in the carbonization chamber (drying / carbonization site) and generated gas (including steam) are sucked by the pressure reducing means and brought into contact with the hot air heat source to generate hot air (heat medium). Hot air generation process.
(3) A heat transfer / discharge process for discharging the hot air from above while conducting heat transfer to the carbonization chamber. 8. The method for drying / carbonizing a liquid-containing object according to claim 7, wherein the pressure reducing means is an air ejector.

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