JP5208473B2 - Pharmaceutical composition containing azelastine and anticholinergic agent - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting goblet cell hyperplasia of the airways.

  Many of the normal airway surfaces are covered with ciliated epithelial cells, interspersed with goblet cells that produce airway mucus, and exclude foreign substances by the cooperative action of airway secretions and cilia. However, it is known that when airway secretion increases, they accumulate in the airway and become a hotbed for bacterial growth, causing repeated airway infection and airway obstruction. In addition, cigarette smoking, inhalation of various air pollutants or allergens, respiratory tract infection, etc. cause not only increased airway secretion but also hyperplasia of goblet cells, etc. If prolonged, this changes from acute respiratory disease to chronic intractable respiratory disease There is a risk of migration (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). In order to prevent such a vicious cycle, it is necessary not only to treat with a normal expectorant in the acute phase but also to take measures to suppress goblet cell hyperplasia.

  Azelastine hydrochloride, which is one of antihistamines, is known to have the efficacy and effects of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, hives, eczema / dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, dermatitis, etc. as a medical drug. (For example, refer nonpatent literature 2). However, prescribing at the cold is difficult to think at present. On the other hand, anticholinergic drugs are known to suppress excessive airway secretion by blocking parasympathetic nerves (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3), and examples of blended with general cold medicines and rhinitis drugs include is there.

  Based on the pharmacological findings so far, it is difficult to predict that azelastine and anticholinergic drugs have goblet cell hyperplasia inhibitory activity, and there is no literature suggesting such effects.

Moreover, at present, there is no literature that describes or suggests the combined use of azelastine and an anticholinergic drug, and the effect of the combined use is unknown.
Pharmaceutical Journal, 2002, Vol. 38, No. 12, p121-126 Japan Pharmaceutical Collection Medical Drug 2006 Edition, Jiho, 2005 Pharmacology, Science and Engineering, 1988, p158-165

  It is an object of the present invention to find a novel pharmaceutical composition having an excellent airway goblet cell hyperplasia inhibitory action. Until now, it cannot be said that the research in the said field | area was fully done, and it is thought that the pharmaceutical composition which has a novel preventive or therapeutic effect can be provided by the result of this invention. In particular, the present invention is considered to be useful for the prevention or treatment of respiratory diseases and the like, and further the prevention or treatment of common colds.

  As a result of intensive studies over many years on pharmaceutical compositions having an inhibitory effect on airway goblet cell hyperplasia, the present inventors surprisingly have excellent airway goblet cell hyperplasia suppression when used in combination with azelastine and an anticholinergic agent. The surprising result that an effect | action expresses was discovered, and it came to complete this invention.

That is, the present invention is (1) a pharmaceutical composition containing azelastine and an anticholinergic agent,
(2) The pharmaceutical composition according to (1) for suppressing goblet cell hyperplasia of the airways,
(3) The pharmaceutical composition according to (1) for coughing and / or expectoration,
(4) The pharmaceutical composition according to (1), wherein the suppression of airway goblet cell hyperplasia and coughing and / or expectoration are simultaneously performed,
(5) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein azelastine is azelastine hydrochloride,
(6) The anticholinergic agent is belladonna total alkaloid, belladonna extract, atropine, scopolamine, funnel extract, isopropamide, datsura extract, benactidium, propantheline and piperidylate and their pharmacologically acceptable salts and their pharmacologically acceptable derivatives. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (5), which is one or more selected from the group consisting of:
(7) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the anticholinergic agent is one or two selected from belladonna total alkaloids and belladonna extract,
(8) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (7) for use as a cold medicine,
(9) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (7) for use in the treatment of acute or chronic bronchitis,
(10) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (7) for use in the treatment of symptoms during acute respiratory infection in chronic airway disease,
(11) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein azelastine and an anticholinergic agent are combination agents, and (12) a pharmaceutical composition containing azelastine and an anticholinergic agent The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (10), which is a kit comprising the pharmaceutical composition.

Furthermore, the present invention provides
(13) The method for producing a pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein azelastine and an anticholinergic agent are contained in the same pharmaceutical composition,
(14) Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (7) for producing a cold medicine,
(15) A method of administering azelastine and an anticholinergic agent simultaneously, sequentially or separately, and (16) administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in any one of (1) to (7) to a mammal A method for preventing or treating the common cold is provided.

  The “azelastine” of the present invention is azelastine or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, preferably azelastine hydrochloride.

  The `` anticholinergic agent '' of the present invention is also called a parasympathetic nerve blocker and is not particularly limited as long as it generally acts as an acetylcholine receptor antagonist in the pharmaceutical field, for example, belladonna total alkaloid, belladonna extract, Atropine, homatropine, scopolamine, funnel extract, isopropamide, datsura extract, benactidium, propantheline, tropicamide and piperidylate and their pharmacologically acceptable salts and their pharmacologically acceptable derivatives, preferably belladonna total alkaloids , Belladonna extract, atropine sulfate, homatropine hydrobromide, scopolamine hydrobromide, butyl scopolamine bromide, funnel extract, isopropamide iodide, datsura extract, methylbenactidium bromide, propanterin bromide, tropica De, a hydrochloric Piperidoreto, more preferably, belladonna total alkaloids, belladonna extract, scopolia extract, isopropamide iodide, a Datsuraekisu, more preferably in particular, belladonna total alkaloids.

  The “pharmacologically acceptable salt” of the present invention means that when the “azelastine” or “anticholinergic agent” which is the active ingredient of the present invention has an acidic group or basic group, it is reacted with a base or acid. Since it can be made into a basic salt or an acidic salt, the salt is shown.

  The “basic salt” is preferably an alkali metal salt such as sodium salt, potassium salt or lithium salt; an alkaline earth metal salt such as magnesium salt or calcium salt; N-methylmorpholine salt, triethylamine salt, Organic base salts such as tributylamine salt, diisopropylethylamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N-methylpiperidine salt, pyridine salt, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine salt, picoline salt or glycine salt, lysine salt, arginine salt, ornithine salt, glutamic acid Salts, amino acid salts such as aspartate, preferably alkali metal salts.

  As the “acid salt”, preferably, hydrohalide such as hydrofluoride, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate, Inorganic acid salts such as phosphates; lower alkane sulfonates such as methane sulfonate, trifluoromethane sulfonate and ethane sulfonate, aryl sulfones such as benzene sulfonate and p-toluene sulfonate Acid salt, acetate salt, malate salt, fumarate salt, succinate salt, citrate salt, ascorbate salt, tartrate salt, succinate salt, maleate salt and the like; and glycine salt, lysine salt , An arginine salt, an ornithine salt, an amino acid salt such as glutamate and aspartate, and more preferably a hydrochloride, hydrobromide or sulfate.

  The “pharmacologically acceptable derivative” of the present invention is, for example, a derivative in which an amino group is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl group). .

  “Azelastine” and “anticholinergic agent” which are the active ingredients of the present invention absorb moisture by adsorbing water or becoming hydrates when left in the air or by recrystallization. In some cases, such hydrates are also used in the present invention.

  Examples of the “chronic airway disease” of the present invention include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, pulmonary emphysema, diffuse panbronchitis and the like.

  The “compounding agent” of the present invention refers to a single composition in which a plurality of components are mixed.

  The “kit” of the present invention refers to a kit using a plurality of separate compositions.

  In the present invention, azelastine and an anticholinergic agent can be administered simultaneously, sequentially or separately. Generally, however, it is convenient to administer at the same time clinically. It is preferable to administer as a combination drug. In addition, when it is not preferable for the preparation technique to physically mix the two compounds, each single agent can be administered simultaneously, sequentially or separately.

  In the present invention, “simultaneously” administration includes administration at exactly the same time as pharmacologically acceptable as well as administration at the same time. The dosage form is not particularly limited as long as it can be administered at approximately the same time, but it is preferably a single composition.

  “Sequential or separate” administration in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a dosage form that can be administered separately at different times. For example, one component is administered, and then, after a predetermined time, There are ways to administer other ingredients.

  In the present invention, “treat” means to cure or ameliorate a disease or symptom or to suppress a symptom.

  The pharmaceutical composition containing azelastine and an anticholinergic agent of the present invention is useful because it significantly suppresses goblet cell hyperplasia, and thus has excellent antitussive and / or expectorant action.

  The pharmaceutical composition containing azelastine and an anticholinergic agent of the present invention is useful for the treatment or prevention of symptoms such as common cold, but preferably for the treatment or prevention of symptoms such as acute or chronic bronchitis. It is useful, and more preferably, symptoms such as acute bronchitis in patients with acute respiratory infection or chronic airway diseases such as COPD, bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, emphysema, diffuse panbronchitis, etc. It is also useful for the treatment or prevention of symptoms such as acute bronchitis in patients who have it.

  The azelastine and anticholinergic used in the present invention can be easily synthesized by a known method, or can be obtained by purchasing a commercial product.

  Azelastine hydrochloride is commercially available as a pharmaceutical and can be easily obtained (for example, it can be purchased from Sanyo Chemical Laboratories).

  The anticholinergic drugs belladonna extract, funnel extract, atropine sulfate, butylscopolamine bromide, methylbenactidium bromide, propantheline bromide are listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia XIV, and piperidylate hydrochloride is the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard 2002 It is listed. Also, belladonna total alkaloids, iodopropamide iodide and datsura extract are already sold as pharmaceuticals and can be easily obtained.

  The single dose of azelastine varies depending on the indication and age, but is usually 0.2 mg to 10 mg, which is administered 1 to 3 times a day.

  In the case of a solid preparation, the content of azelastine is usually 0.1 mg to 20 mg, and preferably 0.5 mg to 4 mg.

The content of the belladonna total alkaloid and datsura extract is usually 0.05 mg to 8 mg, preferably 0.1 mg to 4 mg,
The content of isopropamide iodide and atropine sulfate is usually 0.3 mg to 60 mg, preferably 1 mg to 30 mg,
The content of belladonna extract, funnel extract, butyl scopolamine bromide, methylbenactidium bromide, propantheline bromide is usually 5 mg to 800 mg, preferably 10 mg to 400 mg.
The content of piperidyl hydrochloride is usually 50 mg to 8000 mg, and preferably 100 mg to 4000 mg.

  In the case of a liquid preparation, the content of azelastine is usually 0.05 mg / mL to 4 mg / mL, and preferably 0.1 mg / mL to 2 mg / mL.

The content of the belladonna total alkaloid and datsura extract is usually 0.005 mg / mL to 0.8 mg / mL, preferably 0.01 mg / mL to 0.4 mg / mL,
The content of isopropamide iodide and atropine sulfate is usually 0.03 mg / mL to 6 mg / mL, preferably 0.1 mg / mL to 3 mg / mL,
The content of belladonna extract, funnel extract, butyl scopolamine bromide, methylbenactidium bromide, propantheline bromide is usually 0.5 mg / mL to 80 mg / mL, preferably 1 mg / mL to 40 mg. / ML,
The content of piperidyl hydrochloride is usually 5 mg / mL to 800 mg / mL, and preferably 10 mg / mL to 400 mg / mL.

  In the present invention, in addition to the above active ingredients, antipyretic analgesic / antitussives, antitussives, expectorants, sympathomimetic drugs, central nervous stimulants, anti-inflammatory enzymes, vitamins, herbal medicines and the like according to the present invention. It can contain in the range which does not impair an effect.

  Specific examples of these dosage forms include tablets, fine granules (including granules and powders), capsules, liquids (including syrups) and the like, and additives suitable for each dosage form. Can be produced according to the usual methods described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and the like.

  In the above dosage forms, various commonly used additives can be used depending on the dosage form. For example, an excipient, a stabilizer, a coating agent, a lubricant, an adsorbent, a binder, a disintegrant, a surfactant, a colorant, a pH adjuster, and a fragrance can be added.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Test Examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

(Example 1) Tablet (1) Component (Table 1)
In 1 tablet (mg) (1a) (1b) (1c) (1d)
-----------------------------------
Azelastine hydrochloride 2 2 2 2
Belladonna total alkaloid, or 0.2 − − −
Datsura extract iodopropamide or-2--
Atropine sulfate belladonna extract, funnel extract, − − 20 −
Butyl scopolamine bromide,
Propanthelin bromide, or
Methylbenactidium bromide piperidylate---200
Lactose 70 70 80 80
Magnesium stearate 8 8 8 9
Hydroxypropyl cellulose 25 25 30 40
Corn starch appropriate amount appropriate amount appropriate amount appropriate amount -----------------------------------.

(2) Manufacturing method Take the above ingredients and the amount, and manufacture tablets according to the section of “General Tablets” “Tablet”.

(Example 2) Granules (1) Ingredients (Table 2)
In 1 package (mg) (2a) (2b) (2c) (2d)
-----------------------------------
Azelastine hydrochloride 2 2 2 2
Belladonna total alkaloid, or 0.2 − − −
Datsura extract iodopropamide or-2--
Atropine sulfate belladonna extract, funnel extract, − − 20 −
Butyl scopolamine bromide,
Propanthelin bromide, or
Methylbenactidium bromide piperidylate---200
Lactose 900 900 800 600
Polyvinylpyrrolidone 25 25 30 35
Corn starch appropriate amount appropriate amount appropriate amount appropriate amount -----------------------------------.

(2) Production method Take the above ingredients and quantities, and produce a fine granule according to the section of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia General Rules “Granule”.

(Example 3) Capsule (1) Component (Table 3)
1 to 2 capsules (mg) (3a) (3b) (3c) (3d)
-----------------------------------
Azelastine hydrochloride 2 2 2 2
Belladonna total alkaloid, or 0.2 − − −
Datsura extract iodopropamide or-2--
Atropine sulfate belladonna extract, funnel extract, − − 20 −
Butyl scopolamine bromide,
Propanthelin bromide, or
Methylbenactidium bromide piperidylate---200
Lactose 200 200 160 100
Polyvinylpyrrolidone 25 25 30 35
Corn starch appropriate amount appropriate amount appropriate amount appropriate amount -----------------------------------.

(2) Manufacturing method After taking the above components and quantities and preparing a fine granule according to the section of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia General Rules “Granules”, it is filled into capsules to produce hard capsules.

Example 4 Syrup (1) Ingredient (Table 4)
In 10 mL (mg) (4a) (4b) (4c) (4d)
-----------------------------------
Azelastine hydrochloride 2 2 2 2
Belladonna total alkaloid, or 0.2 − − −
Datsura extract iodopropamide or-2--
Atropine sulfate belladonna extract, funnel extract, − − 20 −
Butyl scopolamine bromide,
Propanthelin bromide, or
Methylbenactidium bromide piperidylate---200
Sodium benzoate 70 70 70 70
Glycerin 100 100 150 200
Polyvinyl alcohol 80 80 80 80
Sucrose 1200 1200 1500 1500
Purified water remainder remainder remainder remainder ----------------------------------.

(2) Manufacturing method Take the above ingredients and quantities, and manufacture a syrup according to the Japanese general formulation “Syrup” section, then fill it into a brown glass bottle to manufacture a syrup.

(Test example) Goblet cell formation inhibitory effect test (1) Test substance Belladonna total alkaloids were from Alps Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Further, azelastine hydrochloride manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Laboratory was used.

  Each test substance was prepared by adding a 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution on the test day so that the dose amount was 5 mL / Kg.

(2) Animal F344 / DuCrj male rat 10-week-old was purchased from Charles River Japan Co., Ltd., and was controlled in a rat breeding room controlled at a temperature of 20 to 26 ° C., a humidity of 30 to 70%, and a lighting time of 7:00 to 19:00. Five rats were placed in a ratchet taper cage for rats, and feed (mouse / rat breeding F-2, manufactured by Funabashi Farm) and tap water passed through a water filter were freely ingested and pre-bred for about one week. On the day of the test, the animals were observed with the naked eye to confirm their health and the body weight was measured. The animals were randomly divided into 7 groups per group.

(3) Preparation method of airway mucosal injury model Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of pentobarbital 50 mg / Kg, fixed in the supine position, the skin on the cervical larynx was incised in the midline, and the muscles were bluntly separated. The trachea was exposed. Using a liquid endotracheal administration device for rats from the oral cavity, it was inserted into the trachea while confirming from the exposed part of the trachea, and 100 μL of 1% lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution was administered. Immediately, the muscles around the trachea were sutured, and the skin of the incised part was adhered with a momentary adhesive (Aron Alpha (registered trademark), manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) to produce an animal having an airway mucosa disorder.

(4) Test After the test substance (CMC solution for the subject group) was orally administered in the morning of the test start day, the LPS solution was intratracheally administered by the above-mentioned method, and again in the evening of the day, the test substance (to the subject group). Was administered orally. On the second and third days, the test drug (CMC solution in the subject group) was orally administered twice a day (morning and evening).

  After measuring body weight on the 4th day, the carotid artery was amputated under pentobarbital anesthesia and exsanguinated, and the trachea from the epiglottis to the lungs was collected, washed with physiological saline, and 10% neutral buffered It was immersed in a formalin solution and fixed sufficiently.

  After sufficiently fixing, the trachea was traversed about 10 mm above the left and right main bronchial bifurcations, and further traversed at a length of 6 mm or more, and the tubular trachea was cut out and used as an observation material.

  By a conventional method, a tubular trachea was longitudinally cut to prepare a strip-like thin cut trachea specimen, which was stained with Alcian blue / PAS stain, and then the number of goblet cells within a range of 6 mm length was measured under a microscope. In addition, the total number of goblet cells of two strip-shaped tracheal tissue specimens for one example was taken as the number of measurements.

  Goblet cell formation inhibition rate (%) was calculated from the following formula.

(Formula 1)
Goblet cell formation inhibition rate (%) = [1-B / A] × 100
A: Average value of the number of goblet cells in the CMC administration group B: Average value of the number of goblet cells in the test substance administration group (5) Test results Table 5 shows the results of the goblet cell formation inhibition rate obtained. Each value is an average value of 7 animals per group.

(Table 5)
Test substance (dose: mg / Kg / time) Goblet cell formation inhibition rate (%)
------------------------------------
Azelastine hydrochloride (0.2) 8.7
Belladonna Total Alkaloid (0.05) 5.1
Azelastine hydrochloride (0.2) + Belladonna total alkaloid (0.05) 34.5
-------------------------------------.

  From Table 5, it was found that when azelastine hydrochloride and belladonna total alkaloids were used in combination, a significant airway goblet cell formation inhibitory effect that could not be predicted with a single agent was exhibited.

  The pharmaceutical composition containing azelastine and an anticholinergic agent of the present invention is useful because it significantly suppresses goblet cell hyperplasia, and thus has excellent antitussive and / or expectorant action.

The pharmaceutical composition containing azelastine and an anticholinergic agent of the present invention is useful for the treatment or prevention of symptoms such as common cold, but preferably for the treatment or prevention of symptoms such as acute or chronic bronchitis. It is useful, and more preferably, symptoms such as acute bronchitis in patients with acute respiratory infection or chronic airway diseases such as COPD, bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, emphysema, diffuse panbronchitis, etc. It is also useful for the treatment or prevention of symptoms such as acute bronchitis in patients who have it.

Claims (4)

Antitussive and / or expectorant containing azelastine hydrochloride and belladonna total alkaloid or belladonna extract . And azelastine hydrochloride, containing belladonna total alkaloids or Belladonna, goblet cell hyperplasia inhibitor of the airways. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the agent according to any one of claims 1 to 2 for use as a cold agent. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the agent according to any one of claims 1 to 2 for use in the treatment of acute or chronic bronchitis.