JP5200624B2 - Multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine - Google Patents
Multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims description 98
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、サブマージアーク溶接機に関し、特に、多電極として厚肉大径鋼管のシーム溶接に用いて好適なものに関する。 The present invention relates to a submerged arc welder, and more particularly to a multi-electrode suitable for seam welding of thick-walled large-diameter steel pipes.
サブマージアーク溶接は一般に溶着速度が大きく、高品質な溶接金属が得られるため、造船、鋼管、建築鋼材の溶接などに利用されており，特に大電流を適用して大入熱溶接が可能であることから、高能率溶接方法として広く普及しているが、近年、溶接構造物の大型化に伴い更なる高能率化が求められている。 Submerged arc welding is generally used for shipbuilding, steel pipes, construction steel welding, etc. because it has a high welding speed and high quality weld metal can be obtained. Especially, it is possible to perform high heat input welding by applying a large current. For this reason, it is widely used as a high-efficiency welding method, but in recent years, a further increase in efficiency has been demanded as the size of the welded structure increases.
溶接能率向上のため、溶接電流を大きくしていくとワイヤ送給速度が高速化する。従来のサブマージアーク溶接ではワイヤ送給速度の限界が５ｍ／ｍｉｎ程度であるので、これを超えると、溶接が困難となる。 To increase the welding efficiency, the wire feed speed increases as the welding current is increased. In the conventional submerged arc welding, the limit of the wire feed speed is about 5 m / min, and if it exceeds this, welding becomes difficult.
このため，ワイヤの径を太くすることで，ワイヤ送給速度を低く抑えながら(ワイヤ供給速度限界内に抑えながら)、大電流高溶着速度溶接ができるようになるが、一方で、
溶接電流値の増大とともにワイヤ径を太くすると、電流密度が低下することになり、電磁力で緊縮していたアークが緩んで強いアーク力が得られず，アークガウジングによって得られる溶け込み深さは期待したほど増大しない。
For this reason, increasing the diameter of the wire enables high current and high welding speed welding while keeping the wire feed speed low (while keeping it within the wire feed speed limit).
If the wire diameter increases with increasing welding current value, the current density will decrease, the arc that has been tightened by electromagnetic force will loosen, and a strong arc force will not be obtained, and the penetration depth obtained by arc gouging is expected Does not increase as much.
そのため，深い溶け込みを得るためにさらに大電流化を図らざるを得ず，結果的に過剰な溶接入熱を投入することになり、鋼材の溶接部靭性が劣化するようになる。 For this reason, in order to obtain deep penetration, it is necessary to increase the current further. As a result, excessive welding heat input is applied, and the toughness of the welded portion of the steel material deteriorates.
一方、ワイヤ径を小径とし、溶接電流密度を大きくすることが、例えば、特許文献１に記載されている。特許文献１は、大径溶接鋼管の小入熱多電極サブマージアーク溶接方法に関し、先行電極ワイヤ径を小径として、深溶け込み溶接し、低入熱でシーム溶接を行うことが記載されている。ワイヤ径を小径とし、溶接電流を大きくすれば、アークのエネルギー密度が高まり、同一入熱でも溶け込みが増大するとされている。 On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses that the wire diameter is made small and the welding current density is made large. Patent Document 1 relates to a small heat input multi-electrode submerged arc welding method for a large diameter welded steel pipe, and describes that deep penetration welding is performed with the leading electrode wire diameter being small, and seam welding is performed with low heat input. If the wire diameter is reduced and the welding current is increased, the energy density of the arc increases, and the penetration increases even with the same heat input.
しかしながら、溶け込みが増大するとともにワイヤの溶融速度も増加するので、ワイヤ送給速度が増大することになる。 However, since the penetration increases and the melting rate of the wire also increases, the wire feeding speed increases.
サブマージアーク溶接機はアークの自己制御作用を利用した溶接条件制御（直流定電圧特性電源との組み合わせ）を行う場合を除いて、アーク電圧の変化をワイヤ送給速度にフィードバックして溶接電圧を制御する方式（例えば、特許文献２）のため、ワイヤ送給モーターの応答性の能力限界から、ワイヤ送給速度の上限が５ｍ／ｍｉｎとされている。 The submerged arc welding machine controls the welding voltage by feeding back the change in arc voltage to the wire feed speed, except when performing welding condition control (combination with DC constant voltage characteristics power supply) using the arc self-control action. For this reason (for example, Patent Document 2), the upper limit of the wire feed speed is set to 5 m / min from the limit of the response capability of the wire feed motor.
また、サブマージアーク溶接では一般にワイヤ径４．０ｍｍ以上が使用されており、送給ワイヤ自体の慣性が大きいため、ワイヤを高速で送給した場合にはアーク電圧の制御が困難となりやすい。
上述したように、サマージアーク溶接において、高能率化のためワイヤ径を太くすることによってワイヤ送給速度を低く抑えながら大電流化を図った場合は、所定の溶け込みを得るために過剰の溶接入熱を投入することになるという問題があった。 As described above, in the case of thicker arc welding, if the current is increased while the wire feeding speed is kept low by increasing the wire diameter for higher efficiency, excessive welding heat input is required to obtain the prescribed penetration. There was a problem that would be thrown.
一方ワイヤ径を小径として大電流化を図った場合は、ワイヤ送給速度が高速化して、ワイヤの送給が不安定となり、溶接条件が安定せず、ビード不整や溶接欠陥が発生する懸念があった。 On the other hand, when the wire diameter is reduced and the current is increased, the wire feeding speed is increased, the wire feeding becomes unstable, the welding conditions are not stable, and there is a concern that bead irregularities and welding defects may occur. there were.
そこで、本発明は、ワイヤ径が小径でも大電流条件が適用できるようなサブマージアーク溶接機を提供することを目的とし、具体的には、ワイヤ送給速度の限界が１０ｍ／ｍｉｎと高速化が可能で，なおかつアーク電圧の変化に即応してワイヤ送給速度を変化させることにより、安定した溶接が可能なサブマージアーク溶接機を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a submerged arc welding machine that can apply a large current condition even when the wire diameter is small. Specifically, the wire feed speed limit is 10 m / min, and the speed can be increased. An object of the present invention is to provide a submerged arc welding machine capable of stable welding by changing the wire feed speed in response to a change in arc voltage.
本発明者等は、上記課題を達成するため、ワイヤー径：１．６〜４．０ｍｍのワイヤを用いて高電流密度溶接する場合について、安定したアーク長さが確保できるワイヤー送給機構について鋭意検討を行った。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention are earnest about a wire feeding mechanism that can secure a stable arc length in the case of high current density welding using a wire having a wire diameter of 1.6 to 4.0 mm. Study was carried out.
本発明の課題は以下の手段で達成可能である。
１．第１電極を直流電源とする３電極以上の多電極サブマージアーク溶接機であって、前記多電極サブマージアーク溶接機は、フラックスホッパとフラックス回収機を備えたフラックス補給機構と、３電極以上の溶接電極と、各電極毎のワイヤー送給機構を備えた溶接機本体と各電極毎の溶接電源を備え、
前記各電極毎のワイヤー送給機構は、ワイヤー径が１．６〜４．０ｍｍの溶接ワイヤとワイヤリールと前記溶接ワイヤを矯正する矯正機構と前記溶接ワイヤを溶接電極に送給するワイヤー送給モータを備え、
少なくとも第１電極のワイヤー送給機構におけるワイヤ送給モータが、定格トルクが１．０Ｎ・ｍ以上、回転子イナーシャが１．０×１０−４ｋｇ・ｍ２以下、且つ定格回転速度までの到達時間が無負荷状態で１００ｍｓｅｃ以下で、前記各電極毎の溶接電源は垂下特性を有していることを特徴とする多電極サブマージアーク溶接機。
２．第１電極の溶接電源にサイリスタ式の直流定電流特性の電源を適用した１に記載の多電極サブマージアーク溶接機。
The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following means.
1. A multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine having three or more electrodes using a first electrode as a DC power source, wherein the multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine includes a flux replenishing mechanism including a flux hopper and a flux collecting machine, and welding of three or more electrodes. With a welding machine body equipped with an electrode, a wire feeding mechanism for each electrode, and a welding power source for each electrode,
The wire feeding mechanism for each electrode includes a welding wire having a wire diameter of 1.6 to 4.0 mm , a wire reel, a correction mechanism for correcting the welding wire, and a wire feeding for feeding the welding wire to the welding electrode. Equipped with a motor,
At least the wire feeding motor in the wire feeding mechanism of the first electrode reaches a rated torque of 1.0 N · m or more, a rotor inertia of 1.0 × 10 −4 kg · m 2 or less, and a rated rotational speed. A multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine characterized in that the welding power source for each electrode has a drooping characteristic at a time of 100 msec or less in a no-load state.
2. 2. The multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine according to 1, wherein a thyristor type DC constant current power source is applied to the first electrode welding power source.
本発明によれば、溶接能率を向上させるため、ワイヤ径を変更せずに、更に電流密度を高めて溶融速度を上げても、安定したワイヤ送給により、溶接欠陥のない溶接部が得られ産業上極めて有用である。 According to the present invention, in order to improve the welding efficiency, even if the current density is increased and the melting rate is increased without changing the wire diameter, a weld with no welding defects can be obtained by stable wire feeding. It is extremely useful in industry.
図１に、サブマージアーク溶接機の構成の一例を示す。図において、１はサブマージアーク溶接機本体、２はワイヤリール、３はワイヤ、４はフラックスホッパー、５は矯正機構、６はワイヤ送給モータ、７はトーチ、８は操作箱、９．１０はアーク電圧検出リード線、１１は溶接電源、１２，１３は溶接ケーブル、１４は被溶接材、１５は開先、１６はフラックスを示す。 In FIG. 1, an example of a structure of a submerged arc welding machine is shown. In the figure, 1 is a submerged arc welding machine body, 2 is a wire reel, 3 is a wire, 4 is a flux hopper, 5 is a correction mechanism, 6 is a wire feeding motor, 7 is a torch, 8 is an operation box, and 9.10 is Arc voltage detection lead wire, 11 is a welding power source, 12 and 13 are welding cables, 14 is a material to be welded, 15 is a groove, and 16 is a flux.
サブマージアーク溶接機本体１は、フラックスホッパー４とフラックス回収機（図示しない）からなるフラックス補給機構とワイヤー送給機構、トーチ７および溶接作業者が溶接条件を設定する操作箱８を備える。 The submerged arc welder body 1 includes a flux replenishing mechanism and a wire feeding mechanism including a flux hopper 4 and a flux recovery machine (not shown), a torch 7, and an operation box 8 in which a welding operator sets welding conditions.
ワイヤー送給機構は、ワイヤリール２に巻かれたワイヤ３を、矯正機構５で巻き癖を矯正しながらワイヤー送給モータ６でトーチ７に送給する。ワイヤー送給モータ６は、アーク長さが変動しないように、ワイヤーの送給速度をアーク電圧によって制御する。
The wire feeding mechanism feeds the wire 3 wound around the wire reel 2 to the torch 7 with the
アーク電圧は、トーチ７に取り付けたアーク電圧検出リード線１０と、被溶接材１４に取り付けたアーク電圧検出リード線９間で検出されて、ワイヤー送給モータ６の回転数制御に用いられる。
The arc voltage is detected between the arc voltage
溶接電源１１からの溶接電流は、電源ケーブル１２，１３を介してトーチ７からワイヤ３に流れ、被溶接材１４に設けられた開先１５内でアークを発生して溶接を行う。アークはフラックス１６で覆われる。トーチ側を陽極とした。
A welding current from the
本発明では、アーク長さが変動した場合、直ちに、当初のアーク長さに復帰するように、ワイヤー送給モータ６の回転子イナーシャを１．０×１０−４ｋｇ・ｍ２以下、定格トルクを１．０Ｎ・ｍ以上および定格回転速度までの到達時間を無負荷状態で１００ｍｓｅｃ以下とする。
In the present invention, when the arc length fluctuates, the rotor inertia of the
ワイヤー送給モータ６の回転子イナーシャは、モータの回転数を変動させるときの追随性を示し、小さいほど、追随性が良くなる。回転子イナーシャが１．０×１０−４ｋｇ・ｍ２を超えるとアーク電圧変動に対するワイヤー送給速度の反応が遅くなり、アーク電圧が不安定となり、ビード不整や欠陥の原因となるため、１．０×１０−４ｋｇ・ｍ２以下とする。
The rotor inertia of the
ワイヤー送給モータ６の定格トルクが１．０Ｎ・ｍ未満となると回転子イナーシャが小さくてもワイヤー送給速度の制御性が悪くなり、溶接条件が不安定化するため、１．０Ｎ・ｍ以上とする。
If the rated torque of the
更に、定格回転速度までの到達時間が無負荷状態で１００ｍｓｅｃを超えると、アーク電圧変動に対するワイヤー送給速度の反応が遅くなり、アーク電圧が不安定となり、ビード不整や欠陥の原因となるため、１００ｍｓｅｃとする。 Furthermore, if the time to reach the rated rotational speed exceeds 100 msec in a no-load state, the response of the wire feed speed to the arc voltage fluctuation becomes slow, the arc voltage becomes unstable, and this causes irregular beads and defects. 100 msec.
本発明によれば、ワイヤー径：１．６〜４．０ｍｍのワイヤを用いて高電流密度溶接する場合に、適正な溶接条件の範囲内で欠陥のない溶接ビードが得られる。 According to the present invention, when high current density welding is performed using a wire having a wire diameter of 1.6 to 4.0 mm, a weld bead having no defect is obtained within a range of appropriate welding conditions.
例えば、ワイヤー径２．４ｍｍで８００Ａ以上、ワイヤー径３．２ｍｍで１２００Ａ以上、ワイヤー径４．０ｍｍで１７００Ａ以上の溶接条件とする。尚、このような高電流密度溶接する場合、アーク後方の溶融池の動きが激しくなるため、多電極溶接として溶融池の動きを安定化するようアーク電圧を調整するなど、溶接条件を調整することが好ましい。 For example, the welding conditions are 800 A or more when the wire diameter is 2.4 mm, 1200 A or more when the wire diameter is 3.2 mm, and 1700 A or more when the wire diameter is 4.0 mm. In such high current density welding, since the movement of the molten pool behind the arc becomes intense, it is necessary to adjust the welding conditions, such as adjusting the arc voltage to stabilize the movement of the molten pool as multi-electrode welding. Is preferred.
溶接電源１２は垂下特性（サイリスタ式の直流定電流特性）とすることが好ましい。溶け込みなどの溶接現象は溶接電流と強い関係があるため、電流が変動しないほうが好ましい。垂下特性の電源はアーク長の変動に対しても電流の変動が小さいメリットがあり、特にサイリスタ式の電源では電流の変動が非常に小さくなる。
The
一方、定電圧特性電源を用いれば、前記アークの自己制御作用である溶接電流の変動により、ワイヤ溶融量が変動し、アーク電圧（アーク長）が制御される。よって溶接条件の制御は溶接電流の変動が前提となり、溶け込み深さの変動や溶接欠陥の発生頻度が増大する。 On the other hand, if a constant voltage characteristic power source is used, the amount of wire melting varies due to the variation in welding current, which is the arc self-control action, and the arc voltage (arc length) is controlled. Therefore, the control of the welding conditions is based on the fluctuation of the welding current, and the fluctuation of the penetration depth and the frequency of occurrence of welding defects increase.
２〜４電極の多電極サブマージアーク溶接機の第１電極のワイヤー送給モータを変えて、溶接試験を行った。表１にワイヤー送給モータの回転子のイナーシャ、定格トルクおよび無負荷状態から定格回転数までに達する時間を示す。Ｎｏ．１からＮｏ．３では溶接電源は第１電極に直流垂下特性（サイリスタ式）の電源を適用し、残りの電極には交流電源（サイリスタ式）を適用した。Ｎｏ．１はＡＣサーボモータ、Ｎｏ．２は電気子モータとした。Ｎｏ．３はＤＣサーボモーターとした。表２に溶接試験条件を示す。 The welding test was performed by changing the wire feeding motor of the first electrode of the multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine having 2 to 4 electrodes. Table 1 shows the inertia of the rotor of the wire feed motor, the rated torque, and the time required to reach the rated rotational speed from the no-load state. No. 1 to No. In No. 3, the welding power source was a DC drooping characteristic (thyristor type) power source applied to the first electrode, and the AC power source (thyristor type) was applied to the remaining electrodes. No. 1 is an AC servo motor. 2 is an electric motor. No. 3 is a DC servo motor. Table 2 shows the welding test conditions.
溶接試験は、板厚２０ｍｍの試験材を３電極で溶接した場合（記号１）、板厚２５ｍｍの試験材を２電極で溶接した場合（記号２）、および板厚２５ｍｍの試験材を４電極で溶接した場合（記号３）とした。 In the welding test, a test material with a plate thickness of 20 mm is welded with 3 electrodes (symbol 1), a test material with a plate thickness of 25 mm is welded with 2 electrodes (symbol 2), and a test material with a plate thickness of 25 mm is 4 electrodes. (Symbol 3).
表３に溶接試験結果を示す。溶接試験結果Ｎｏ．１は、ワイヤー送給モータが本発明の規定を満足するもので、記号１〜３のいずれの溶接試験でもビード不整やスラグ巻き込みが発生しないことが確認された。 Table 3 shows the welding test results. Welding test result No. In No. 1, the wire feed motor satisfies the provisions of the present invention, and it was confirmed that no bead irregularity or slag entrainment occurred in any of the welding tests of symbols 1 to 3.
溶接試験結果Ｎｏ．２は、ワイヤー送給モータの回転子イナーシャと無負荷状態から定格回転数までに達する時間が本発明の規定を満足しないもので、記号１〜３のいずれの溶接試験でもビード不整やスラグ巻き込みが発生した。 Welding test result No. No. 2 does not satisfy the provisions of the present invention when the rotor inertia of the wire feed motor and the time from the no-load state to the rated rotational speed are satisfied. Occurred.
溶接試験結果Ｎｏ．３は、ワイヤー送給モータの回転子イナーシャと定格トルクおよび無負荷状態から定格回転数までに達する時間が本発明範囲外で、記号１〜３のいずれの溶接試験でもビード不整やスラグ巻き込みが発生した。 Welding test result No. 3 is the time required for the rotor inertia of the wire feed motor, the rated torque, and the no-load state to reach the rated rotational speed is outside the scope of the present invention, and any bead irregularity or slag entrainment occurs in any of the welding tests of symbols 1 to 3. did.
１ サブマージアーク溶接機本体
２ ワイヤリール
３ ワイヤ
４ フラックスホッパー
５ ワイヤ矯正部
６ ワイヤ送給モータ
７ トーチ
８ 操作箱
９．１０ アーク電圧検出リード線
１１ 溶接電源
１２，１３ 溶接ケーブル
１４ 被溶接材
１５ 開先
１６ フラックス
1 Submerged arc welding machine
2 Wire reel
3 wires
4 Flux hopper
5 Wire straightening part
6 Wire feed motor
7 Torch
8 Operation box
9.10 Arc voltage detection lead wire
11 Welding power source
12,13 Welding cable
14 Welded materials
15 groove
16 Flux
Claims (2)
前記各電極毎のワイヤー送給機構は、ワイヤー径が１．６〜４．０ｍｍの溶接ワイヤとワイヤリールと前記溶接ワイヤを矯正する矯正機構と前記溶接ワイヤを溶接電極に送給するワイヤー送給モータを備え、
少なくとも第１電極のワイヤー送給機構におけるワイヤ送給モータが、定格トルクが１．０Ｎ・ｍ以上、回転子イナーシャが１．０×１０−４ｋｇ・ｍ２以下、且つ定格回転速度までの到達時間が無負荷状態で１００ｍｓｅｃ以下で、前記各電極毎の溶接電源は垂下特性を有していることを特徴とする多電極サブマージアーク溶接機。 A multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine having three or more electrodes using a first electrode as a DC power source, wherein the multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine includes a flux replenishing mechanism including a flux hopper and a flux collecting machine, and welding of three or more electrodes. With a welding machine body equipped with an electrode, a wire feeding mechanism for each electrode, and a welding power source for each electrode,
The wire feeding mechanism for each electrode includes a welding wire having a wire diameter of 1.6 to 4.0 mm , a wire reel, a correction mechanism for correcting the welding wire, and a wire feeding for feeding the welding wire to the welding electrode. Equipped with a motor,
At least the wire feeding motor in the wire feeding mechanism of the first electrode reaches a rated torque of 1.0 N · m or more, a rotor inertia of 1.0 × 10 −4 kg · m 2 or less, and a rated rotational speed. A multi-electrode submerged arc welding machine characterized in that the welding power source for each electrode has a drooping characteristic at a time of 100 msec or less in a no-load state.
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| CN105983770A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-10-05 | 长沙华恒机器人系统有限公司 | Submerged-arc welding system for internal circumferential joint of outer container of LNG low-temperature tanker |
| CN105983769A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-10-05 | 长沙华恒机器人系统有限公司 | Submerged-arc welding system for external circular seam of external liner container of LNG low temperature tank car |
| CN107042353A (en) * | 2017-06-03 | 2017-08-15 | 河南鸿宇工业装备工程有限公司 | Suitable for the retracting device of H profile steel submerged arc flux |
| CN112846447B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-12 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | Arc stabilizing method suitable for thick plate multi-arc common molten pool welding |
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| JP2782714B2 (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1998-08-06 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | DC arc welding machine |
| JPH0729206B2 (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1995-04-05 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | High-speed submerged arc welding method using multiple electrodes |
| JPH0623670U (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1994-03-29 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Welding electrode |
| JPH0677972U (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1994-11-01 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Fixed structure of electrode nozzle |
| JPH091343A (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-01-07 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Three electrode submerged welding method |
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| JP4642215B2 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2011-03-02 | アジア技研株式会社 | Capacitor discharge type stud welding method |
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