WO2015122047A1 - One-side submerged arc welding method for multielectrode and method for producing welded product - Google Patents
One-side submerged arc welding method for multielectrode and method for producing welded product Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015122047A1 WO2015122047A1 PCT/JP2014/076587 JP2014076587W WO2015122047A1 WO 2015122047 A1 WO2015122047 A1 WO 2015122047A1 JP 2014076587 W JP2014076587 W JP 2014076587W WO 2015122047 A1 WO2015122047 A1 WO 2015122047A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
- B23K9/186—Submerged-arc welding making use of a consumable electrodes
- B23K9/188—Submerged-arc welding making use of a consumable electrodes making use of several electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/09—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage
- B23K9/091—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage characterised by the circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/10—Other electric circuits therefor; Protective circuits; Remote controls
- B23K9/1006—Power supply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/10—Other electric circuits therefor; Protective circuits; Remote controls
- B23K9/1006—Power supply
- B23K9/1075—Parallel power supply, i.e. multiple power supplies or multiple inverters supplying a single arc or welding current
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method and a method of manufacturing a weldment.
- a flux composed of powder metal, artificial oxide or mineral is dispersed on the surface of the groove provided on the steel plate, and the flux deposited on the groove of the steel plate is used.
- a submerged arc welding method is known in which an electrode wire and a steel plate are melt mixed and integrated by supplying an electric current to the electrode wire being fed to generate an arc from the electrode wire.
- this submerged arc welding method has the advantage of deep penetration and high efficiency because it can use a large current.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that, in the submerged arc welding method, power is supplied to the electrode wire using a welding power source having a drooping characteristic or a constant current characteristic as an external characteristic, and the welding voltage setting signal and the welding voltage feedback signal It is described to control the electrode wire delivery rate by the magnitude of the difference signal.
- Patent Document 2 a plurality of electrode wires are arranged from the front surface side to the back surface side of the steel plate by arranging a plurality of electrode wires along the groove and arranging a backing material on the back surface side of the steel plate.
- a multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding process has been described which welds in a single pass using.
- this multi-electrode single-sided submerged welding method the entire thickness of the steel plate can be completely penetrated in one run (this is called one run), and there is no need to reverse the steel plate. It is widely used.
- a back wave bead is formed on the back surface side of the steel plate mainly by the electrode wire (leading electrode) to be welded first to the steel plate among the plurality of electrode wires.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce appearance defects of a back wave bead obtained by multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding.
- the present invention is a multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method using a leading electrode and a trailing electrode following the leading electrode, wherein each of the leading electrode and the trailing electrode uses a wire having a diameter of 2.4 mm or more.
- the speed control method is set to constant speed control, and in the trailing pole, (A) the feeding method is DC, the external characteristic is a constant voltage characteristic, the speed control method is constant speed control (b) the feeding method is AC, the external characteristic is constant voltage characteristic, and the speed control method is constant speed control (C) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a constant current characteristic, the speed control method is voltage feedback control based on an arc voltage (d) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a drooping characteristic, the speed control method is Voltage feedback control based on arc voltage (e)
- the power supply system is set to either direct current, the external characteristic is constant current characteristics, and the speed control system is voltage feedback control based on arc voltage.
- the trailing electrode includes a plurality of electrodes following the leading electrode, and each of the plurality of electrodes constituting the trailing electrode includes the feeding method.
- the external characteristics and the speed control method may be set to any one of (a) to (e).
- the power feeding method, the external characteristic, and the speed control method are either (c) or (c) It can be characterized by being set to the above (d).
- the differential value dV / dI which is the slope of the voltage with respect to the current at the operating point, is characterized by being ⁇ 12.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (V / A) or more. It can be done. Furthermore, when using the power supply having the constant current characteristic or the drooping characteristic, the differential value dV / dI, which is the slope of the voltage with respect to the current at the operating point, is -24.0 ⁇ 10 -3 (V / A) or less Can be characterized.
- the present invention is a method of manufacturing a weldment formed by welding a base material by single-sided submerged arc welding using a leading electrode and a trailing electrode following the leading electrode.
- the feeding method is set to DC
- the external characteristic is set to constant voltage characteristics
- the speed control method is set to constant speed control
- the feeding method is DC
- the external characteristic is a constant voltage characteristic
- the speed control method is constant speed control
- the feeding method is AC
- the external characteristic is constant voltage characteristic
- the speed control method is constant speed control
- C the feeding method is alternating current
- the external characteristic is a constant current characteristic
- the speed control method is voltage feedback control based on an arc voltage
- the feeding method is alternating current
- the external characteristic is a d
- the appearance defect of the back wave bead obtained by multiple electrode single-sided submerged arc welding can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure showing a schematic structure of a welding device concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the welding power supply in each of a 1st welding unit-a 4th welding unit, and a feeder.
- (A)-(c) is a figure for explaining the external characteristic of welding power supply. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the experimental apparatus in a 1st Example and a 1st comparative example. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the experimental apparatus in 2nd Example and a 2nd comparative example. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the experimental apparatus in 3rd Example and a 3rd comparative example.
- (A) shows the dimensions of each steel plate and groove in the first embodiment and the first comparative example
- (b) shows the dimensions of each steel plate and groove in the second embodiment and the second comparative example
- (c) shows it It is a figure for demonstrating each dimension of each steel plate and groove in 3rd Example and a 3rd comparative example.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a welding apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the welding device 1 performs single-sided submerged arc welding (4-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding) on a work (not shown) made of steel plate using four electrodes (wires).
- the welding apparatus 1 performs welding using a first welding unit 10 that performs welding using a first wire 110, a second welding unit 20 that performs welding using a second wire 120, and a third wire 130.
- a third welding unit 30 and a fourth welding unit 40 for welding using the fourth wire 140 are provided.
- welding apparatus 1 carries bogie 90 mounted on first to fourth welding units 10 to 40 and traveling along moving direction A from right to left in the figure, and bogie drive device 50 for driving bogie 90.
- a control device 60 for controlling the operation of the first welding unit 10 to the fourth welding unit 40 and the carriage driving device 50.
- the welding apparatus 1 further includes a first flux supply device 70 and a second flux supply device 80 that accommodate a front flux (not shown) therein and supply the front flux downward in the drawing.
- the control device 60, the first flux supply device 70, and the second flux supply device 80 are also mounted on the carriage 90.
- the first welding unit 10 includes a first feeding device 11 having a first feeding roller 11a for feeding the first wire 110 along a feeding direction B which is directed downward from above in the drawing, A first welding power source 12 connected to a first contact tip 12a for supplying a welding current (first welding current) in contact with the supplied first wire 110 is provided.
- the first welding unit 10 further includes a reel (not shown) around which the first wire 110 is wound and which is a supply source of the first wire 110.
- the second welding unit 20 is fed by a second feeding device 21 provided with a second feeding roller 21 a that feeds the second wire 120 along a feeding direction B which is directed downward from above in the drawing.
- a second welding power source 22 connected to a second contact tip 22a for supplying a welding current (second welding current) in contact with the coming second wire 120.
- the second welding unit 20 further includes a reel (not shown) around which the second wire 120 is wound and which is a supply source of the second wire 120.
- the third welding unit 30 is fed with a third feeding device 31 provided with a third feeding roller 31a that feeds the third wire 130 along the feeding direction B from the upper side to the lower side in the drawing. And a third welding power source 32 connected to a third contact tip 32a for supplying a welding current (third welding current) in contact with the coming third wire 130.
- the third welding unit 30 further includes a reel (not shown) around which the third wire 130 is wound and which is a supply source of the third wire 130.
- the fourth welding unit 40 includes a fourth feeding device 41 having a fourth feeding roller 41a that feeds the fourth wire 140 along the feeding direction B from the upper side to the lower side in the drawing, And a fourth welding power source 42 connected to a fourth contact tip 42a for supplying a welding current (fourth welding current) in contact with the fourth wire 140.
- the fourth welding unit 40 further includes a reel (not shown) around which the fourth wire 140 is wound and which is a supply source of the fourth wire 140.
- the first welding power source 12, the second welding power source 22, the third welding power source 32, and the fourth welding power source 42 are mounted on the carriage 90, and the first welding together with the carriage 90.
- the power source 12 to the fourth welding power source 42 are configured to travel, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the first welding power source 12 to the fourth welding power source 42 are fixed to the outside of the carriage 90 and disposed, and the respective components on the first welding power source 12 to the fourth welding power source 42 and the carriage 90 using cables etc. And may be connected.
- the first flux supply device 70 is provided with a first flux supply port 70a for supplying the front flux accommodated inside toward the lower side in the drawing. Then, the amount of front flux supplied by the first flux supply device 70 is adjusted by a valve (not shown) provided in the first flux supply device 70.
- the second flux supply device 80 is provided with a second flux supply port 80a for supplying the front flux contained therein toward the lower side in the drawing.
- the amount of front flux supplied by the second flux supply device 80 is adjusted by a valve (not shown) provided in the second flux supply device 80.
- the first wire 110 which is the first electrode at the most downstream side with respect to the movement direction A is a second wire 120 whose second electrode is the second electrode at the upstream side of the first wire 110.
- a third wire 130 serving as the third electrode is disposed upstream of 120 and a fourth wire 140 serving as the fourth electrode downstream of the third wire 130 and on the most upstream side.
- the first flux supply device 70 is downstream of the first wire 110 in the moving direction A
- the second flux supply device 80 is upstream of the second wire 120 in the moving direction A. And it arrange
- the first flux supply port 70a, the first wire 110, the second wire 120, the second flux supply port 80a, the third wire 130, and the fourth wire 140 move Along the straight line along the direction A, they are arranged in this order.
- first wire 110 to the fourth wire 140 those having a diameter of 2.4 mm or more and 6.4 mm or less are used.
- all four of the first to fourth wires 110 to 140 may have the same diameter, or three may have the same diameter, while one may have a different diameter, or two may be the same.
- the diameter may be two while the same may be the same diameter, or all four may be different diameters.
- each of the first wire 110 to the fourth wire 140 used in the welding device 1 is basically composed of a solid wire having no flux. However, one or more of these may be made of flux cored wire.
- the first welding unit 10 including the first wire 110 may be referred to as a "leading electrode”.
- the second welding unit 20 including the second wire 120, the third welding unit 30 including the third wire 130, and the fourth welding unit 40 including the fourth wire 140 may be collectively referred to as a "following electrode”.
- the second welding unit 20 including the second wire 120 is a “first intermediate pole”
- the third welding unit 30 including the third wire 130 is a “second intermediate pole”
- a fourth welding unit including a fourth wire 140 40 may be referred to as the "last pole”.
- FIG. 2 shows welding power sources (first welding power source 12 to fourth welding power source 42) and feeding devices (first feeding device 11) in each of the first welding unit 10 to fourth welding unit 40 constituting welding apparatus 1.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the fourth to fourth feeding devices 41).
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between each welding unit, the power supply system and external characteristics in each welding power source, and the wire speed control system in each feeder.
- the first welding power source 12 constituting the first welding unit 10 is a DC power source adopting DC (Direct Current) as a power feeding method, and the external characteristic thereof is a constant voltage characteristic. Further, the first feeding device 11 performs constant speed control for feeding the first wire 110 at a constant speed as a wire speed control method.
- DC Direct Current
- the second welding unit 20 is configured by any one of the five combinations (first configuration to fifth configuration) described below.
- the second welding power source 22 in the first configuration is a DC power source adopting DC (Direct Current) as a power feeding method, and the external characteristic thereof is a constant voltage characteristic.
- the second feeding device 21 in the first configuration performs constant speed control for feeding the second wire 120 at a constant speed as a wire speed control method.
- the first configuration is the same combination as the first welding unit 10.
- the second welding power source 22 in the second configuration is an AC power source adopting AC as a power feeding method, and its external characteristic is a constant voltage characteristic. Further, the second feeding device 21 in the second configuration performs constant speed control for feeding the second wire 120 at a constant speed as a wire speed control method.
- the second welding power source 22 in the third configuration is an AC power source adopting AC as a power feeding method, and its external characteristic is a constant current characteristic.
- the second feeding device 21 in the third configuration performs voltage FB (Feed Back) shift control to sequentially feed the second wire 120 at an appropriate speed by feedback control based on arc voltage as a wire speed control method. .
- the second welding power source 22 in the fourth configuration is an AC power source adopting AC as a power feeding method, and its external characteristic is a drooping characteristic.
- the second feeding device 21 in the fourth configuration performs voltage FB shift control that feeds the second wire 120 at an appropriate speed sequentially by feedback control based on an arc voltage as a wire speed control method.
- the second welding power source 22 in the fifth configuration is a DC power source adopting DC as a power feeding method, and the external characteristic thereof is a constant current characteristic.
- the 2nd sending apparatus 21 in 5th structure performs voltage FB shift control which feeds the 2nd wire 120 one by one at an appropriate speed one by one by feedback control based on arc voltage as a wire speed control system.
- the third welding unit 30 and the fourth welding unit 40 are configured by any one of the first configuration (a) to the fifth configuration (e) described above. be able to.
- all three of the second welding unit 20, the third welding unit 30, and the fourth welding unit 40 may have the same configuration, or two may have the same configuration and one may have a different configuration. And all three may be configured differently.
- the feed speed of the first wire 110 to the fourth wire 140 can be determined based on the moving speed (welding speed) of the carriage 90 in the moving direction A.
- the operator determines the reference value of the feed speed based on the welding speed, and performs constant speed control so as to maintain the reference value of the feed speed.
- the operator determines the reference value of the feed speed with reference to the welding speed, and performs the shift control by feeding back the arc voltage to the reference value of the feed speed.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the external characteristics of the welding power source.
- FIG. 3 (a) illustrates a constant voltage characteristic
- FIG. 3 (b) illustrates a constant current characteristic
- FIG. 3 (c) illustrates a drooping characteristic.
- the horizontal axis is the output current I (A)
- the vertical axis is the output voltage V (V).
- the external characteristic curve moves (changes) in accordance with the indication of the current or voltage input to the welding power source.
- FIG. 3 (a) an external characteristic curve corresponding to four steps of indicator voltages is illustrated, and in each of FIGS.
- an external characteristic curve corresponding to four stages of indicator currents is illustrated.
- the output current I corresponds to the welding current
- the output voltage V corresponds to the sum of the arc voltage plus other voltage loss factors (consumption in the cable, contact resistance, etc.).
- the constant voltage characteristics shown in FIG. 3A will be described.
- the fluctuation of the output voltage V is smaller than the fluctuation of the output current I.
- the drooping characteristic shown in FIG. 3C will be described.
- the fluctuation of the output voltage V is large relative to the fluctuation of the output current I.
- the fluctuation of the output voltage V is gentler than that of the constant current characteristic, and changes depending on the current value.
- FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c) show arc characteristics for generating an arc of arc length L, as well as the respective external characteristics.
- an operating point P at which a point of intersection of the curve of any external characteristic and the curve of the arc characteristic generates an arc of a desired arc length L (a specific output current I and a corresponding specific output voltage V ).
- the inclination of the voltage with respect to the current at the operating point P for generating an arc of the target arc length L is referred to as a differential value dV / dI.
- a welding power source having a drooping characteristic and a constant current characteristic is considered to have little variation in penetration depth, and is suitable for submerged arc welding.
- a welding power supply having a drooping characteristic and a constant current characteristic since the arc voltage is easily changed, it is generally combined with the feeding of the wire by the voltage FB shift control.
- voltage FB shift control When combining welding power source having drooping characteristics and constant current characteristics with voltage FB shift control, if the arc length L becomes short, the arc length L is lowered by decreasing the wire feeding speed according to the decrease of the arc voltage. Is returned to the original length, and when the arc length L is increased, the arc length L is returned to the original length by increasing the wire feeding speed according to the increase of the arc voltage.
- a welding power source having a constant voltage characteristic is considered to be suitable for mag welding or mig welding using a small diameter wire.
- a welding power source having constant voltage characteristics may be used for submerged arc welding using a wire of 2.0 mm or less in diameter.
- welding current is likely to change, so it is generally combined with wire feeding by constant speed control.
- welding power source having constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control are combined, if the arc length L becomes short, the welding current automatically increases and the arc length L returns to the original length, while, If the arc length is increased, the welding current is automatically reduced, whereby the arc length L returns to the original length.
- a thin wire having a diameter of 1.6 mm or less is used, but for single sided submerged arc welding, a wire having a diameter of 2.4 mm or more is preferable. More preferably, it is desirable to use a wire having a diameter of 3.2 mm or more, and further, a diameter of 4.8 mm or more. There is no particular technical limitation in setting the upper limit, but a diameter of 6.4 mm or less is practical from the viewpoint of wire feedability and cuttability.
- the leading electrode has a function to melt the groove deeply to form a molten pool and a back wave bead, and since the welding conditions are specialized in this role, the thickness of the base material is thin, for example, the molten pool is the base material Even if the surface is reached, the surface bead appearance is not good with a single electrode.
- the final pole since the final pole mainly plays a role in adjusting the appearance of the front bead, welding conditions are different from those of the leading pole. As described above, in the single-sided submerged arc welding, since it is necessary to share roles, it is essential to form a plurality of electrodes using two or more wires.
- the number of wires increases as the thickness of the steel plate increases.
- an upper limit is imposed on the number of electrodes, but for single-sided welding, for example, a 4-electrode system shown in FIG. 1 has been put to practical use.
- a flux supply port (a first flux supply port 70a and a second flux supply port 80a shown in FIG. 1) may be provided.
- the wire feeding speed is excessive, the wire easily depresses the molten pool supported mainly by the surface tension on the back surface of the steel plate to form an excess back wave. Furthermore, if the feed speed is high, the wire may break through the molten pool.
- the leading electrode that affects the formation of the back wave welding does not affect the feeding speed even if the current or voltage changes, and controls to make the feeding speed constant (constant speed control) Revealed that it is desirable.
- the wire feed constant control is a control method which has hitherto been unsuitable. The reason for this is that the large diameter wire is difficult to melt uniformly across the entire cross section, and as a result, the wire melting rate becomes unstable, and consequently the stabilization of the arc length L can not be expected either.
- the feed speed stabilization has a higher shape stabilization effect than the stabilization of the arc length L.
- the drooping characteristics are common sense in the prior art. As described above, the drooping characteristics show small variation in current value with respect to variation in voltage value.
- a movable iron core movable welding machine that uses leakage reactance without using electronic elements as a welding machine structure that has a simple structure, is inexpensive, and easy to maintain, has been used since old times, but with this method only drooping characteristics could be made There are also historical circumstances of that.
- the fluctuation of the current value is It is not high rank as an influence factor.
- the arc length L also has less influence on back wave stabilization than the fluctuation of the feeding speed, an excessive sudden change of the arc length L brings an adverse effect. For example, if the arc length L is zero, that is, the arc disappears, the welding itself stops or the arc is generated explosively at the time of reignition, so that the back bead can not be formed normally by the force.
- the arc length L becomes excessive, the arc can not be maintained, the arc disappears immediately after that, or the arc force per unit area decreases, and the back wave bead can not be formed.
- Mw K1 ⁇ I + K2 ⁇ I 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ L (1)
- Mw wire melting rate I: welding current :: electrical resistivity
- L wire protrusion length K1, K2: constant
- the welding current I is effective to actively change the welding current I as a means for stabilizing the arc length L on the assumption that the feed speed is constant. For example, if the arc length L becomes short, the wire melting speed Mw decreases by rapidly raising the welding current I, and the arc length L returns to the original state. On the other hand, if the arc length L is increased, the wire melting speed Mw is increased by rapidly reducing the current, and the arc length L is also returned. This phenomenon is generally referred to as the arc length self-control function.
- the self-control function of the arc length requires a sharp change in current, and the external characteristic to realize this is only the constant voltage characteristic. Therefore, in order to realize the constant wire feeding speed necessary to stabilize back wave welding, it is necessary as an indirect factor that the external characteristics of the welding power source corresponding to the leading electrode be constant voltage characteristics.
- Such a combination of “wire speed control: constant speed” and “external property: constant voltage property” is used in a gas shielded arc welding method using a thin wire having a diameter of 1.6 mm or less. This is because the wire is thin and the meltability is excellent, so the self-control action of the arc length is very effective. However, in a wire with a diameter of 2.4 mm or more, the meltability is inferior to a wire thinner than this, so when used for non-single-sided welding, the self-control function of the arc length does not act quickly and arc and bead shapes It causes instability.
- the leading electrode adopts a combination of “wire speed control: constant speed”, “external characteristic: constant voltage characteristic” and “feed method: direct current”.
- the high current submerged arc welding machine which is most popular at present is an alternating current machine by an inexpensive iron core operation type.
- the external characteristics inevitably become drooping characteristics.
- a thyristor element is used to generate direct current, a large current direct current can be obtained, and the external characteristics can also be made constant voltage characteristics.
- inverter welding machines which are weak to heat and difficult to produce large current outputs have also been developed which are characterized by large current outputs, and if this is used, very excellent DC characteristics can be obtained.
- the molten pool formed in the surface flux deposited on the steel plate is basically a large one called “one pool” where all molten metal wires are connected Liquid metal.
- the leading pole has the largest influence on the shape of the back wave bead
- the degree of influence is relatively small
- the shape of the trailing bead is also the shape of the back wave bead
- the feeding method is direct current as in the leading electrode
- the degree of influence of polarity in the second and subsequent electrodes is relatively small with respect to the first electrode, so that alternating current is also practical.
- the trailing electrode needs to adjust the shape of the front bead as a role, and for this purpose it may be more effective to stabilize by giving priority to the current value and arc length L even if the feed speed changes .
- arc mutual interference and deflection by magnetic blow are less likely to occur.
- the backing flux may be dispersed in advance. Then, it becomes possible to prevent the dripping of the molten pool on the back side to some extent. Furthermore, there is also a method of pushing up the backing flux by spraying a thick backing flux without injecting a backing material and injecting a gas into an air hose laid under the backing material to improve adhesion.
- the backing flux may have a powder laminated structure with a curable resin in order to prevent the molten pool from falling off.
- the differential value dV / dI is -12.0 ⁇ 10 -3 (V / A) or more, the current largely changes according to the change of the arc length L, and the self-control function of the arc length L is effectively effective. Desirable to work. More preferably, if the differential value dV / dI is ⁇ 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (V / A) or more, the back wave shape is more stabilized. It should be noted that, as the characteristic of the external characteristics in general including the constant voltage characteristic, the positive side can not be a slope, so that the differential value dV / dI has a practical upper limit of 0.
- the constant current characteristics and the drooping characteristics are also not defined quantitatively. It can be said that the constant current characteristics and the drooping characteristics are different from whether they are generated using a rectifying element or the leakage flux due to the operation of an iron core, but in terms of aiming constant current even if the arc length L changes. It is the same.
- the slope of the desirable voltage-current characteristics common to the constant current characteristics and the drooping characteristics is more vertical than -24.0 ⁇ 10 -3 (V / A) In other words, the desired differential value dV / dI is less than -24.0 ⁇ 10 -3 (V / A). If the characteristic of differential value dV / dI is -24.0 ⁇ 10 -3 (V / A) or less and voltage feedback control of feed speed are combined, the change of arc voltage is caught sensitively and the feed speed is changed By doing this, the arc length L can be stabilized, which contributes to the stabilization of the front bead shape. (-Infinity) is a practical lower limit, since the positive side can not have a slope as a general property of the external characteristics including the constant current characteristics and the drooping characteristics.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the experimental apparatus in the first embodiment and the first comparative example.
- the basic configuration of the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is the same as that of the welding apparatus 1 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows a work 200 including the first steel plate 201 and the second steel plate 202, a front flux 300 supplied to the front side of the work 200, and a backing disposed on the back side of the work 200 together with the experimental apparatus.
- a portion 400 shows a weld metal 500 formed on the work 200 along with welding.
- FIG. 7A shows the dimensions of the steel plates and the grooves in the first embodiment and the first comparative example.
- each of the first steel plate 201 and the second steel plate 202 was subjected to an open end surface treatment using a tensile strength 490 MPa grade carbon steel plate having a thickness of 35 mm and a width of 500 mm ⁇ length 3000 mm to form butt joints.
- the groove shape was 45 ° V-shaped to 29 mm from the surface, and the remaining plate thickness of 6 mm was vertical as the root face.
- the root gap was set to 0 mm where both steel plates contact at the shortest part, there was a point where a gap of up to 2 mm was inevitably generated due to distortion of the steel plate.
- Each wire (the first wire 110 to the fourth wire 140) is a JIS Z3351 YS-S6 equivalent product, and the front flux 300 is a JIS Z3352 SACI1 equivalent product.
- the surface flux 300 is automatically and continuously sprayed with an appropriate amount before the first electrode (leading electrode) and between the second electrode and the third electrode.
- a grooved backing copper plate 402 to which a small amount of a backing flux 401 was dispersed, was pressed against the steel plate groove back side. Also, for each electrode, independent welding power sources were connected between the contact tips and the steel plates corresponding to each electrode. Each wire is fed to the weld by a feed roller provided immediately above each contact tip.
- a test of the four-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method was performed using the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. More specifically, wire diameter, power feeding method, external characteristics, wire speed control, welding current, and arc voltage were changed for each electrode using the test apparatus shown in FIG.
- the distance between the tip of the first wire 110 and the tip of the second wire 120 is 40 mm
- the distance between the tip of the second wire 120 and the tip of the third wire 130 is 120 mm
- the distance between the tip of the third wire 130 and the tip of the fourth wire 140 is 30 mm.
- the welding speed in this example was made common at 44 (cm / min).
- the back wave bead shape, the front bead shape, and the internal defect were evaluated.
- the back bead shape should ideally be 10 mm or more in width and 2 mm to 6 mm in back wave height, and those with small meanders and small variations in width may be regarded as very good A, and these evaluations may be inferior. Those not present were rejected as B, and those requiring repair due to the back bead shape defect were rejected as C. Also for the front bead shape, the same evaluation criteria as the back wave bead shape were used.
- those with no defects found by the ultrasonic flaw test and the cross section macro cut test were regarded as “none”, and those with poor fusion confirmed as “present”.
- AC means alternating current
- DC (EP) is direct current
- DC (EN) means “Electrode Plus” with the wire, that is, the electrode side as the positive electrode
- DC (EN) means “Electrode Negative” which is direct current and has a wire, ie, the electrode side as a negative electrode. This notation is the same in Tables 3 to 6 described later.
- No. 1-1 uses direct current, constant voltage characteristics, constant speed control for the first electrode, and uses the conventional alternating current, drooping characteristics, and voltage FB shift control for the second and subsequent electrodes, but good back bead The shape is obtained. On the other hand, the front bead shape is also very good because the fourth electrode, which is the final pass, is subjected to the AC / droop characteristic / voltage FB shift control.
- No. 1-2 is no. This is the case where the differential value dV / dI of the external characteristics in the welding power source of the first electrode is smaller than that of 1-1, that is, the constant voltage characteristic is weakened, and accordingly, the arc length of the first electrode in the first layer welding Since the control action is weakened and destabilized, the back wave bead shape is No. It is slightly inferior to 1-1. However, since direct current and constant speed control are adopted, a back wave bead shape that is within an acceptable range is obtained.
- No. No. 1-3 is No. Similar to 1-1, but the power supply polarity of the first electrode is DC positive polarity, that is, the electrode side-(minus).
- the power supply polarity in direct current often adopts direct current reverse polarity, that is, the electrode side + (plus), there is no problem in the welding quality, and it is shown that either can be used in the present construction method.
- No. 1-6 are typical used now. AC, droop characteristics, and voltage FB shift control are adopted for all electrodes. Fluctuations in the feed rate and periodical arc loss caused by alternating current cause instability in the backwave molten pool, and although internal defects and front bead shapes are not particularly problematic, they are not suitable for backwave welding and backwaves. Poor bead shape was remarkable.
- No. 1-7 is no. Although constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control are applied to the fourth electrode with respect to 1-6, even if control to reduce the pressure change of the molten pool for only the fourth electrode, which is the final electrode, is added, the contribution rate was lower than that of the first electrode, so that the back bead shape did not improve.
- No. 1-8 is No. Similar to 1-7, constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control are applied to the second electrode instead of the fourth electrode. However, in the second electrode which is the first intermediate electrode, the stabilizing contribution of the pressure applied to the molten pool forming the back wave bead is lower than that of the first electrode, and the improvement effect of the back wave bead shape is not obtained.
- the first electrode has a direct current and a constant current characteristic, and on the other hand, the wire speed control is constant speed controlled.
- the welding power source with direct current and constant current characteristics is generally a non-electrode type, that is, a power source system used in TIG welding and plasma welding that generates an arc from a non-consumable tungsten electrode, not from consumable wire.
- the same control as that of the drooping characteristic is necessary for the control of the electrode.
- the long stabilization action of the arc does not work at all. Therefore, no.
- the arc length always fluctuated significantly, and stable welding was not possible. Both the back wave bead shape and the front bead shape were greatly roughened and unstable, and a fusion failure also occurred inside.
- No. 1-11 is replaced with DC, constant current characteristics, and voltage FB shift control from AC, drooping characteristics, and voltage FB shift control for all the conventional electrodes, but the first electrode has constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control
- the back wave bead shape was not stabilized because it had not been.
- constant current characteristics and voltage FB shift control acted, and it was an allowable range of those in which instability due to arc mutual interference peculiar to direct current was observed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the experimental apparatus in the second embodiment and the second comparative example.
- the basic configuration of the test apparatus shown in FIG. 5 is obtained by removing the fourth welding unit 40 from the welding apparatus 1 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a work 200 including the first steel plate 201 and the second steel plate 202, a front flux 300 supplied to the front side of the work 200, and a backing disposed on the back side of the work 200 together with the experimental apparatus.
- a portion 400 shows a weld metal 500 formed on the work 200 along with welding.
- FIG.7 (b) has shown the dimension of each steel plate and groove in 2nd Example and 2nd comparative example.
- the first steel plate 201 and the second steel plate 202 were subjected to open tip surface treatment using a tensile strength 400 MPa class carbon steel plate having a thickness of 30 mm and a width of 500 mm ⁇ length 3000 mm, respectively, to form butt joints.
- the groove shape was 45 ° V-shaped to 25 mm from the surface, and the remaining plate thickness of 5 mm was vertical as the root face.
- the root gap was set to 0 mm where both steel plates contact at the shortest part, there was a point where a gap of up to 2 mm was inevitably generated due to distortion of the steel plate.
- Each wire (the first wire 110 to the third wire 130) is a JIS Z3351 YS-S6 equivalent product, and the front flux 300 is a JIS Z3352 SACI1 equivalent product.
- the surface flux 300 is automatically continuously dispersed in an appropriate amount before the first electrode (leading electrode) and between the second and third electrodes.
- a backing flux 412 containing a curable resin component is dispersed in a small amount on the underlaying flux 411 without using a molded solid such as a copper plate or a ceramic plate as the backing portion 400 on the back side of the steel sheet groove back
- the backing flux 412 was pressed against the back surface of the steel sheet by injecting a gas from an air hose 413 passed through the inside.
- independent welding power sources were connected between the contact tips and the steel plates corresponding to each electrode. Each wire is fed to the weld by a feed roller provided immediately above each contact tip.
- the test of the 3-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method was done using the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. More specifically, wire diameter, power feeding method, external characteristics, wire speed control, welding current, welding voltage were changed for each electrode using the test apparatus shown in FIG. 5, and the influence was confirmed.
- the distance between the tip of the first wire 110 and the tip of the second wire 120 is 40 mm
- the distance between the tip of the second wire 120 and the tip of the third wire 130 is 120 mm.
- the welding speed in this example was made common at 47 (cm / min).
- the back wave bead shape, the front bead shape, and the internal defect were evaluated.
- the back bead shape should ideally be 9 mm or more in width and 2 mm to 5 mm in back wave height, and those with small meanders and small variations in width may be regarded as very good A, although these evaluations may be inferior Those not present were rejected as B, and those requiring repair due to the back bead shape defect were rejected as C. Also for the front bead shape, the same evaluation criteria as the back wave bead shape were used.
- internal defects those with no defects found by the ultrasonic flaw test and the cross section macro cut test were regarded as “none”, and those with poor fusion confirmed as “present”.
- Tables 3 and 4 show the manufacturing conditions and the test results in the second example and the second comparative example.
- no. 2-1 to No. 2-4 is a 2nd Example
- No. 4 shown in Table 4 is. 2-5 to No. 2-10 is a second comparative example.
- No. 2-1 uses DC, constant voltage characteristics, and constant speed control for the first electrode, and uses the conventional AC, droop characteristics, and voltage FB shift control for the second and subsequent electrodes, but good back bead
- the shape is obtained.
- the appearance of the front bead shape is also very good by setting the third electrode, which is the final pass, to AC / droop characteristics / voltage FB shift control.
- No. 2-2 is no.
- the differential value dV / dI of the external characteristic in the welding power source of the second and third electrodes is larger than that of 2-1, ie, the constant current characteristic is weakened.
- the constant current characteristic weakens, the arc voltage also becomes difficult to change, and feedback control of the arc length also becomes difficult to be effective. Therefore, although within the allowable range, the stability of the arc length degrades the front bead shape which has a greater effect than the back wave bead shape. That is, it is suggested that the voltage FB shift control with a small differential value dV / dI is more preferable in order to make the front bead shape good.
- No. 2-3 has all the electrodes as direct current / constant voltage characteristics / constant speed control, and by incorporating control to reduce the pressure change of the molten pool also after the second electrode, a very good back bead shape Is obtained.
- the front bead shape is slightly disturbed by the inter-arc interference caused by the alignment of the direct current, so it is slightly inferior to the case of adopting the alternating current.
- No. No. 2-5 is No.
- the first electrode is not direct current but alternating current.
- constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control are in the category of the present invention, since alternating current is used, periodical arc disappearance peculiar to alternating current causes instability of back wave molten pool and obtains stable back wave bead shape. I could not.
- No. 2-6 is a typical used today. AC, droop characteristics, and voltage FB shift control are adopted for all electrodes. Although there is no particular problem with the internal defects and the front bead shape, both the alternating current and the shift control are unsuitable for back wave welding, and a defect occurs in the back wave bead shape.
- No. 2-7 is a first electrode, and the third electrode is a category of the present invention, but the second electrode is a combination of AC / droop characteristics / current FB shift control. Since the drooping characteristic is that the current does not move much with the movement of the arc length, the feedback control monitoring the current is inferior to the arc voltage feedback as an arc length control means. As the control of the arc length did not work well and the wire feeding was not constant, not only the back bead shape defect but also the internal defect of the fusion defect and the defect of the front bead shape occurred.
- No. 2-8 is a combination of constant current characteristics and current FB speed control in which constant current characteristics are further enhanced with respect to the drooping characteristics for all electrodes. Since the control of the arc length does not work well and the wire feeding is not constant, not only defects in the back wave bead shape but also internal defects in the fusion failure and defects in the front bead shape occur. The overall quality was even worse than 2-7.
- No. 2-9 is a combination of constant voltage characteristics and voltage FB shift control as the first electrode. Since the constant voltage characteristic does not move the voltage much with respect to the movement of the arc length, the feedback control monitoring the voltage has low performance as an arc length control means, and the first electrode forming the back wave bead has a wire feeding speed Since it is most important for shape stabilization that C. is constant, a good back bead shape can not be obtained in this configuration. In addition, due to the significant instability of the first layer by the first electrode, fusion failure also occurs at the junction with the second electrode.
- No. 2-10 combines DC, constant current characteristics, and constant speed control as the first electrode, but in this combination, the arc length stabilization control does not work, so the welding is unstable and the back bead shape is defective Not only that, but also due to the significant instability of the primary layer by the first electrode, fusion failure also occurs at the junction with the second electrode.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the experimental apparatus in the third embodiment and the third comparative example.
- the basic configuration of the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by removing the third welding unit 30, the fourth welding unit 40, and the second flux supply apparatus 80 from the welding apparatus 1 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows a work 200 including the first steel plate 201 and the second steel plate 202, a front flux 300 supplied to the front side of the work 200, and a backing disposed on the back side of the work 200 together with the experimental apparatus.
- a portion 400, a weld metal 500 formed on the work 200 along with welding, and a groove filling material 600 previously supplied to the groove are shown together.
- FIG.7 (c) has shown the dimension of each steel plate and groove in 3rd Example and a 3rd comparative example.
- each of the first steel plate 201 and the second steel plate 202 was subjected to an open end surface treatment using a plate thickness 14 mm and a width 500 mm ⁇ length 3000 mm of a 520 MPa grade carbon steel plate, to form butt joints.
- the bevel shape was a 50 ° V-shape without a root face.
- the root gap was set to 0 mm where both steel plates contact at the shortest part, there was a point where a gap of up to 2 mm was inevitably generated due to distortion of the steel plate.
- Each wire (the first wire 110 and the second wire 120) is a JIS Z3351 YS-S6 equivalent product, and the front flux 300 is a JIS Z3352 SACI1 equivalent product.
- the surface flux 300 is automatically and continuously sprayed with an appropriate amount prior to the first electrode (leading electrode).
- a bevel filler 600 made of iron powder was manually sprayed in advance in the bevel.
- the filling height of the groove filling material 600 was controlled at 3 mm from the surface position of the steel plate.
- the groove filling material 600 is melted together with each wire and front flux 300 at the time of welding to form a molten pool.
- a soft backing material 421 called glass tape made by weaving glass fibers to a few mm thickness without using a molded solid or backing flux such as a copper sheet or ceramic sheet as the backing part 400 on the back side of the steel sheet groove end.
- a molded solid or backing flux such as a copper sheet or ceramic sheet as the backing part 400 on the back side of the steel sheet groove end.
- the glass tape is soft, it can be adhered to the back without being affected by the corrugation of the steel plate.
- the vicinity of the arc melts, but the non-melted part acts as a cushion to prevent excessive melting of the back wave.
- independent welding power sources were connected between the contact tips and the steel plates corresponding to each electrode. Each wire is fed to the weld by a feed roller provided immediately above each contact tip.
- the back wave bead shape, the front bead shape, and the internal defect were evaluated.
- the back bead shape should ideally be 6 mm or more in width and 1 mm to 4 mm in back wave height, and those with small meanders and small variations in width may be regarded as very good A, and these evaluations may be inferior. Those not present were rejected as B, and those requiring repair due to the back bead shape defect were rejected as C. Also for the front bead shape, the same evaluation criteria as the back wave bead shape were used.
- With regard to internal defects those with no defects found by the ultrasonic flaw test and the cross section macro cut test were regarded as “none”, and those with poor fusion confirmed as “present”.
- Tables 5 and 6 show the manufacturing conditions and the test results in the third example and the third comparative example.
- no. 3-1 to No. 3-4 is a 3rd Example
- No. shown in Table 6 3-5 to No. 3-14 is a third comparative example.
- No. 3-1 uses direct current, constant voltage characteristics, constant speed control for the first electrode, and the second electrode uses the conventional alternating current, drooping characteristics, and voltage FB shift control, but it has a good back bead shape and surface The bead shape is obtained.
- No. 3-2 is no. Although the first electrode was a direct current on the electrode side with respect to 3-1, no. The same quality as 3-1 is obtained.
- both electrodes are used on the electrode side: DC, constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control.
- the second electrode which is the final pole, is a controlling electrode in the form of a front bead, and thus within the allowable range, shape stability Slightly inferior.
- both electrodes have constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control, and the first electrode is DC and the second electrode is AC.
- the feed control of the wire that most strongly affects the back bead shape is constant, and the first electrode is a direct current without periodic arc breakage, while the second electrode governing the front bead shape is inter-arc interference Since the alternating current was not affected by the magnetic blow or the magnetic blow, the best front and back quality in the third example was obtained.
- No. 3-5 is a typical used today. AC, droop characteristics, and voltage FB shift control are adopted for both poles. Although internal defects and the shape of the front bead have no particular problem, both the alternating current and the shift control are unsuitable for back wave welding, and the back bead shape is notable. In addition, since the thickness of the steel plate was smaller than those in Examples 1 and 2 described above, the defect in the back wave bead shape also affected the front bead shape and slightly deteriorated.
- the combination of the first electrode at constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control is a category of the present invention in 3-7, but the wire diameter is as thin as 2.0 mm.
- the wire diameter is as thin as 2.0 mm.
- a back wave bead could not be formed, and a dent was generated on the back surface side of the steel plate.
- it is effective to reduce the current density, and the larger the wire diameter, the more advantageous. That is, it can be said that the wire diameter of 2.0 mm is insufficient.
- No. 3-8 is a combination of constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control within the scope of the present invention, but it is a challenge to simultaneously finish back wave bead formation and front bead formation with only one electrode.
- the role of the first electrode is specialized in forming the back wave bead, the welding conditions are limited, and the front bead shape has to be a narrow convex shape. If there are two or more electrodes, the thin and convex molten pool shape formed by the leading electrode can be arranged using welding conditions for making the front bead shape better in the trailing electrode (especially the final electrode). (1) Since this role can not be shared in electrode construction, it is unsuitable for back wave welding.
- No. 3-9 adopts alternating current, constant current characteristics, and voltage FB shift control as the leading electrode. Although internal defects and the shape of the front bead are not particularly problematic, the AC and shift control are not suitable for back wave welding, and defects in the back wave bead shape were remarkable.
- the backing flux 401 and the backing copper plate 402 are used as the backing part 400 in the four-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding has been described.
- the case where the underlaying flux 411, the backing flux 412 and the air hose 413 are used as the backing portion 400 in the three-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding has been described.
- the case of using the soft backing material 421 as the backing part 400 in the two-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding has been described.
- the number of electrodes in multi-electrode single-sided submerged welding and the configuration of the backing portion 400 are not limited to the combinations described above, and the combinations may be changed as appropriate.
- control device 70 first flux supply device 80 second flux supply device 90 carriage 110 first wire 120 second wire 130 third wire 140 fourth wire 200 Workpiece, 201: first steel plate, 202: second steel plate, 300: front flux, 400: backing portion, 500: weld metal, 600: groove filling material
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Abstract
Description
特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御に設定され、前記後行極では、
(a)前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御
(b)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御
(c)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が定電流特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
(d)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が垂下特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
(e)前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電流特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
のいずれかに設定されることを特徴とする。
このような多電極片面サブマージアーク溶接方法において、前記後行極は、前記先行極に続く複数の電極を含んで構成され、前記後行極を構成する前記複数の電極のそれぞれでは、前記給電方式、前記外部特性および前記速度制御方式が前記(a)乃至前記(e)のいずれかに設定されることを特徴とすることができる。
また、前記後行極を構成する前記複数の電極のうち、前記先行極から見て最も後側に位置する最終極では、前記給電方式、前記外部特性および前記速度制御方式が前記(c)または前記(d)に設定されることを特徴とすることができる。
さらに、前記定電圧特性を有する前記電源を用いる場合に、動作点における電流に対する電圧の傾きである微分値dV/dIが-12.0×10-3(V/A)以上であることを特徴とすることができる。
さらにまた、前記定電流特性または前記垂下特性を有する前記電源を用いる場合に、動作点における電流に対する電圧の傾きである微分値dV/dIが-24.0×10-3(V/A)以下であることを特徴とすることができる。
また、他の観点から捉えると、本発明は、先行極と当該先行極に続く後行極とを用いた片面サブマージアーク溶接にて、母材を溶接してなる溶接物の製造方法であって、前記先行極および前記後行極では、それぞれ、直径2.4mm以上のワイヤを用い、それぞれのワイヤに給電を行う電源の給電方式および外部特性と、それぞれのワイヤの送給速度の速度制御方式とが、前記先行極では、前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御に設定され、前記後行極では、
(a)前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御
(b)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御
(c)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が定電流特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
(d)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が垂下特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
(e)前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電流特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
のいずれかに設定されることを特徴とする。 The present invention is a multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method using a leading electrode and a trailing electrode following the leading electrode, wherein each of the leading electrode and the trailing electrode uses a wire having a diameter of 2.4 mm or more. The feed method and external characteristics of the power supply for feeding each wire, and the speed control method of the feed speed of each wire; in the leading electrode, the feed method is DC, the external characteristic is constant voltage characteristics, The speed control method is set to constant speed control, and in the trailing pole,
(A) the feeding method is DC, the external characteristic is a constant voltage characteristic, the speed control method is constant speed control (b) the feeding method is AC, the external characteristic is constant voltage characteristic, and the speed control method is constant speed control (C) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a constant current characteristic, the speed control method is voltage feedback control based on an arc voltage (d) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a drooping characteristic, the speed control method is Voltage feedback control based on arc voltage (e) The power supply system is set to either direct current, the external characteristic is constant current characteristics, and the speed control system is voltage feedback control based on arc voltage.
In such a multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method, the trailing electrode includes a plurality of electrodes following the leading electrode, and each of the plurality of electrodes constituting the trailing electrode includes the feeding method. The external characteristics and the speed control method may be set to any one of (a) to (e).
In the final pole located on the rearmost side with respect to the leading pole among the plurality of electrodes constituting the trailing pole, the power feeding method, the external characteristic, and the speed control method are either (c) or (c) It can be characterized by being set to the above (d).
Furthermore, when using the power supply having the constant voltage characteristic, the differential value dV / dI, which is the slope of the voltage with respect to the current at the operating point, is characterized by being −12.0 × 10 −3 (V / A) or more. It can be done.
Furthermore, when using the power supply having the constant current characteristic or the drooping characteristic, the differential value dV / dI, which is the slope of the voltage with respect to the current at the operating point, is -24.0 × 10 -3 (V / A) or less Can be characterized.
From another point of view, the present invention is a method of manufacturing a weldment formed by welding a base material by single-sided submerged arc welding using a leading electrode and a trailing electrode following the leading electrode. The feeding electrode and the external characteristic of the power supply for feeding each wire using the wire having a diameter of 2.4 mm or more in the leading electrode and the trailing electrode respectively, and the speed control method of the feeding speed of each wire In the leading electrode, the feeding method is set to DC, the external characteristic is set to constant voltage characteristics, and the speed control method is set to constant speed control, and in the trailing electrode,
(A) the feeding method is DC, the external characteristic is a constant voltage characteristic, the speed control method is constant speed control (b) the feeding method is AC, the external characteristic is constant voltage characteristic, and the speed control method is constant speed control (C) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a constant current characteristic, the speed control method is voltage feedback control based on an arc voltage (d) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a drooping characteristic, the speed control method is Voltage feedback control based on arc voltage (e) The power supply system is set to either direct current, the external characteristic is constant current characteristics, and the speed control system is voltage feedback control based on arc voltage.
図1は、本実施の形態に係る溶接装置1の概略構成を示す図である。この溶接装置1は、4つの電極(ワイヤ)を用いて、鋼板からなるワーク(図示せず)に片面サブマージアーク溶接(4電極片面サブマージアーク溶接)を行うものである。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a
第1溶接ユニット10を構成する第1溶接電源12は、給電方式としてDC(Direct Current)を採用した直流電源であり、その外部特性は定電圧特性である。また、第1送給装置11は、ワイヤ速度制御方式として、第1ワイヤ110を一定速度で送給する定速制御を行う。 First, the first welding unit 10 will be described.
The first
第1構成における第2溶接電源22は、給電方式としてDC(Direct Current)を採用した直流電源であり、その外部特性は定電圧特性である。また、第1構成における第2送給装置21は、ワイヤ速度制御方式として、第2ワイヤ120を一定速度で送給する定速制御を行う。このように、第1構成は、第1溶接ユニット10と同じ組み合わせとなっている。 (A) First Configuration The second
第2構成における第2溶接電源22は、給電方式としてACを採用した交流電源であり、その外部特性は定電圧特性である。また、第2構成における第2送給装置21は、ワイヤ速度制御方式として、第2ワイヤ120を一定速度で送給する定速制御を行う。 (B) Second Configuration The second
第3構成における第2溶接電源22は、給電方式としてACを採用した交流電源であり、その外部特性は定電流特性である。また、第3構成における第2送給装置21は、ワイヤ速度制御方式として、アーク電圧に基づくフィードバック制御によって第2ワイヤ120を逐次適切な速度で送給する電圧FB(Feed Back)変速制御を行う。 (C) Third Configuration The second
第4構成における第2溶接電源22は、給電方式としてACを採用した交流電源であり、その外部特性は垂下特性である。また、第4構成における第2送給装置21は、ワイヤ速度制御方式として、アーク電圧に基づくフィードバック制御によって第2ワイヤ120を逐次適切な速度で送給する電圧FB変速制御を行う。 (D) Fourth Configuration The second
第5構成における第2溶接電源22は、給電方式としてDCを採用した直流電源であり、その外部特性は定電流特性である。また、第5構成における第2送給装置21は、ワイヤ速度制御方式として、アーク電圧に基づくフィードバック制御によって第2ワイヤ120を逐次適切な速度で送給する電圧FB変速制御を行う。 (E) Fifth Configuration The second
図3は、溶接電源の外部特性を説明するための図である。ここで、図3(a)は定電圧特性を、図3(b)は定電流特性を、図3(c)は垂下特性を、それぞれ例示している。また、図3(a)~(c)のそれぞれにおいて、横軸は出力電流I(A)であり、縦軸は出力電圧V(V)である。溶接電源に入力される電流または電圧の指示に応じて外部特性曲線は移動(変化)する。図3(a)には4段階の指示電圧に対応する外部特性曲線を、また、図3(b)~(c)には4段階の指示電流に対応する外部特性曲線を、それぞれ例示している。なお、溶接電源の場合、出力電流Iは溶接電流に対応し、出力電圧Vはアーク電圧にその他の電圧ロス要因(ケーブル内消費、接点抵抗等)を加えた合計値に対応する。 Next, the external characteristics of the above-described welding power sources will be described.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the external characteristics of the welding power source. Here, FIG. 3 (a) illustrates a constant voltage characteristic, FIG. 3 (b) illustrates a constant current characteristic, and FIG. 3 (c) illustrates a drooping characteristic. Further, in each of FIGS. 3A to 3C, the horizontal axis is the output current I (A), and the vertical axis is the output voltage V (V). The external characteristic curve moves (changes) in accordance with the indication of the current or voltage input to the welding power source. In FIG. 3 (a), an external characteristic curve corresponding to four steps of indicator voltages is illustrated, and in each of FIGS. 3 (b) to (c), an external characteristic curve corresponding to four stages of indicator currents is illustrated. There is. In the case of a welding power source, the output current I corresponds to the welding current, and the output voltage V corresponds to the sum of the arc voltage plus other voltage loss factors (consumption in the cable, contact resistance, etc.).
定電圧特性の場合、出力電流Iの変動に対して出力電圧Vの変動が小さくなっている。 First, the constant voltage characteristics shown in FIG. 3A will be described.
In the case of the constant voltage characteristic, the fluctuation of the output voltage V is smaller than the fluctuation of the output current I.
定電流特性の場合、出力電流Iの変動に対して出力電圧Vの変動が大きくなっている。これを逆の観点からみれば、定電流特性では、出力電圧Vが大きく変動しても出力電流Iの変動は小さいということになる。 Next, the constant current characteristics shown in FIG. 3B will be described.
In the case of the constant current characteristic, the fluctuation of the output voltage V is large relative to the fluctuation of the output current I. From the opposite point of view, in the constant current characteristic, even if the output voltage V fluctuates significantly, the fluctuation of the output current I is small.
垂下特性の場合、定電流特性の場合と同様に、出力電流Iの変動に対して出力電圧Vの変動が大きくなっている。ただし、垂下特性の場合は、定電流特性の場合に比べて、出力電圧Vの変動は緩やかであり、かつ電流値によって変化する。 Subsequently, the drooping characteristic shown in FIG. 3C will be described.
In the case of the drooping characteristic, as in the case of the constant current characteristic, the fluctuation of the output voltage V is large relative to the fluctuation of the output current I. However, in the case of the drooping characteristic, the fluctuation of the output voltage V is gentler than that of the constant current characteristic, and changes depending on the current value.
に応じてワイヤの送給速度を下げることでアーク長Lが元の長さに戻り、一方、アーク長Lが長くなれば、アーク電圧の上昇に応じてワイヤの送給速度を上げることでアーク長Lが元の長さに戻る、ということになる。 Here, a welding power source having a drooping characteristic and a constant current characteristic is considered to have little variation in penetration depth, and is suitable for submerged arc welding. However, in a welding power supply having a drooping characteristic and a constant current characteristic, since the arc voltage is easily changed, it is generally combined with the feeding of the wire by the voltage FB shift control. When combining welding power source having drooping characteristics and constant current characteristics with voltage FB shift control, if the arc length L becomes short, the arc length L is lowered by decreasing the wire feeding speed according to the decrease of the arc voltage. Is returned to the original length, and when the arc length L is increased, the arc length L is returned to the original length by increasing the wire feeding speed according to the increase of the arc voltage.
片面サブマージアーク溶接法では、強いアーク力で開先を溶かし、裏波ビードを形成する必要がある。ただし単に溶接電流が高ければ良いというものでなく、高速送給でワイヤを沢山溶かすとアーク直下に湯溜まりが形成されてしまい、自らアーク力を緩衝させてしまい、溶込みを小さくしてしまう。したがって、溶接電流は高くするが、ワイヤ溶融量は多くしないのが望ましく、この条件を適えるのは電流密度(A/mm2)の低い条件、すなわちワイヤ径を太くするとともに、ワイヤを低速で送給することが好適である。ガスシールドアーク溶接では一般的に直径1.6mm以下となる細径のワイヤが用いられるが、片面サブマージアーク溶接用としては、直径2.4mm以上のワイヤが好適である。さらに望ましくは直径3.2mm以上、さらには直径4.8mm以上のワイヤを用いることが望ましい。上限を設ける技術的制限は特にないが、ワイヤの送給性や切断性の点から直径6.4mm以下までが実用的である。 <About the diameter of each wire>
In the single-sided submerged arc welding method, it is necessary to melt the groove with a strong arc force to form a back wave bead. However, it does not mean that the welding current is simply high, but if a lot of wires are melted by high-speed feeding, a pool will be formed directly under the arc, which will buffer the arcing force itself and reduce the penetration. Therefore, it is desirable to increase the welding current, but not to increase the wire melting amount, and it is desirable to meet this condition at low current density (A / mm 2 ), that is, increase the wire diameter and slow the wire It is preferable to feed. In the case of gas shielded arc welding, generally, a thin wire having a diameter of 1.6 mm or less is used, but for single sided submerged arc welding, a wire having a diameter of 2.4 mm or more is preferable. More preferably, it is desirable to use a wire having a diameter of 3.2 mm or more, and further, a diameter of 4.8 mm or more. There is no particular technical limitation in setting the upper limit, but a diameter of 6.4 mm or less is practical from the viewpoint of wire feedability and cuttability.
先行極は開先を深く溶かして、溶融池および裏波ビードを形成する役目があり、溶接条件はこの役割に特化するため、例え母材の板厚が薄くて、溶融池が母材の表面に達したとしても、単電極では表ビード外観が良好とならない。これに対し、最終極は主に表ビードの外観を整えるための役割を持つため、先行極とは異なる溶接条件となる。このように片面サブマージアーク溶接では役割分担をする必要があることから、2本以上のワイヤを用いた複数電極化が必須である。一般的には、鋼板の板厚が厚くなるにつれてワイヤの数は増える。電極の数に上限を設ける技術的制限は特にないが、片面溶接用としては、例えば図1に示す4電極システムまで実用化されている。 <About the number of electrodes>
The leading electrode has a function to melt the groove deeply to form a molten pool and a back wave bead, and since the welding conditions are specialized in this role, the thickness of the base material is thin, for example, the molten pool is the base material Even if the surface is reached, the surface bead appearance is not good with a single electrode. On the other hand, since the final pole mainly plays a role in adjusting the appearance of the front bead, welding conditions are different from those of the leading pole. As described above, in the single-sided submerged arc welding, since it is necessary to share roles, it is essential to form a plurality of electrodes using two or more wires. Generally, the number of wires increases as the thickness of the steel plate increases. There is no particular technical limitation in which an upper limit is imposed on the number of electrodes, but for single-sided welding, for example, a 4-electrode system shown in FIG. 1 has been put to practical use.
[先行極におけるワイヤ速度制御方式について]
多電極片面サブマージアーク溶接において、先行極は、主として裏波ビードを形成するために用いられる。本発明者らは、裏波溶接では溶込みの駆動力が顕著に裏波品質に影響を及ぼし、裏波ビードの過剰あるいは裏波不足になりやすいことを見いだした。そして、本発明者らは溶込みの駆動力について実験を重ね、一般的な継手では電流および電圧因子
で正しいが、片面溶接ではこれらではなく、ワイヤの送給速度が最も影響度が大きいことを見いだした。 <About wire speed control method at the leading electrode, external characteristics and power supply method>
[About wire speed control method at leading electrode]
In multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding, the leading electrode is mainly used to form a back bead. The inventors of the present invention found that in back wave welding, the driving force of penetration significantly affects the back wave quality, and is likely to result in excess or lack of back wave beads. Then, the present inventors repeated experiments on the driving force of penetration, and it is correct in current and voltage factors in general joints, but not in single-sided welding, the wire feeding speed has the largest influence. I found it.
次に、先行極の外部特性であるが、従来技術としては垂下特性が常識的である。垂下特性は上述のとおり、電圧値の変動に対して電流値の変動が小さい。構造がシンプルで安価、メンテナンスが容易な溶接機構造として、エレクトロニクス素子を用いず、漏洩リアクタンスを利用した鉄芯可動式溶接機が旧来から用いられているが、この方式では垂下特性しか作れなかったという時代的な事情もある。 [On the external characteristics of the leading electrode]
Next, regarding the external characteristics of the leading electrode, the drooping characteristics are common sense in the prior art. As described above, the drooping characteristics show small variation in current value with respect to variation in voltage value. A movable iron core movable welding machine that uses leakage reactance without using electronic elements as a welding machine structure that has a simple structure, is inexpensive, and easy to maintain, has been used since old times, but with this method only drooping characteristics could be made There are also historical circumstances of that.
Mw:ワイヤ溶融速度
I:溶接電流
ρ:電気抵抗率
L:ワイヤ突出し長さ
K1、K2:定数 Mw = K1 · I + K2 · I 2 · ・ · L (1)
Mw: wire melting rate I: welding current :: electrical resistivity L: wire protrusion length K1, K2: constant
続いて、先行極の給電方式であるが、片面溶接の先行極には直流が必須である。交流では必ず電流ゼロ、すなわちアーク消失状態が周期的に発生する。非片面溶接、あるいは片面溶接での後行極すなわち2電極目以降であれば、短時間のアーク消失は溶接品質への影響は軽微であるが、先行極では裏波の安定化に強く影響を及ぼし、不安定化要因となる。アークが速やかに再点弧しなければ、固体のワイヤが溶融池を押し下げ、裏波過剰状態となる。 [About the feeding method at the leading electrode]
Then, although it is a feed system of a leading electrode, direct current is essential for the leading electrode of single-sided welding. In alternating current, current zero, that is, an arc extinguishing state occurs periodically. In the case of the trailing electrode in non-single-sided welding or single-sided welding, that is, after the second electrode, short-time arc disappearance has a slight effect on the welding quality, but in the leading electrode strongly influences the stabilization of the back wave. Cause destabilization. If the arc does not reignite quickly, the solid wire depresses the molten pool, resulting in a backwash excess.
多電極片面サブマージアーク溶接では視認することが出来ないものの、鋼板上に堆積した表フラックスの中で形成されている溶融池は、基本的にすべてのワイヤの溶融金属が繋がったワンプールと呼ばれる長大な液体金属である。上述したとおり、先行極が裏波ビードの形状に対して最大の影響度を有するが、ワンプールであれば、影響度としては相対的に小さくなるものの、後行極もまた裏波ビードの形状に影響を及ぼすことになる。例えば、先行極となる1電極目で良好な形状の液体状態の裏波ビードを形成できたとしても、後行極となる2電極目以降で1電極目が形成した溶融池を裏面側に押し出すように作用すれば、最終的な凝固状態の裏波ビードは不整なものとなる。したがって、2電極目以降にも先行極と同じ、『ワイヤ速度制御:定速』および『外部特性:定電圧特性』を適用することができる。ここで、給電方式は先行極と同じく直流が望ましいが、2電極目以降における極性の影響度は、1電極目に対して相対的に小さくなるので、交流でも実用的となる。 <About wire speed control method, external characteristics and power supply method at trailing electrode>
Although not visible in multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding, the molten pool formed in the surface flux deposited on the steel plate is basically a large one called "one pool" where all molten metal wires are connected Liquid metal. As described above, although the leading pole has the largest influence on the shape of the back wave bead, in the case of one pool, although the degree of influence is relatively small, the shape of the trailing bead is also the shape of the back wave bead Will affect the For example, even if a back wave bead in a liquid state in a good shape can be formed by the first electrode that is the leading electrode, the molten pool formed by the first electrode by the second and subsequent electrodes that become the trailing electrode is pushed out to the back side. If so, the final solidified back bead will be irregular. Therefore, the same “wire speed control: constant speed” and “external characteristic: constant voltage characteristic” can be applied to the second and subsequent electrodes. Here, although it is desirable that the feeding method is direct current as in the leading electrode, the degree of influence of polarity in the second and subsequent electrodes is relatively small with respect to the first electrode, so that alternating current is also practical.
[裏当てについて]
片面溶接では、一般的に裏波ビードを受け止める溝付の銅製若しくは固体酸化物製の裏当て材が用いられる。なお、固体酸化物とは具体的にはセラミック製あるいはガラスが該当する。ガラスの場合は一般的にガラス繊維を編み込んだテープ状のものが用いられる。何も裏当て材がなければ、過剰なアーク力が初層に作用した際に溶融池を落下させ、アークが消失して溶接続行不能に陥る。何らかの裏当て材を用いていれば、このような最悪の事態は防ぐことが出来る。 <Others>
[About backing]
Grooved copper or solid oxide backings are generally used in single-sided welding to receive the back bead. The solid oxide specifically corresponds to ceramic or glass. In the case of glass, generally, a tape-shaped one in which glass fibers are woven is used. If there is no backing material, the molten pool will fall when excessive arcing force acts on the primary layer, the arc will disappear and welding will not be able to continue. If you use any backing material, you can prevent such a worst case.
サブマージアーク溶接としての最低限の基本構成なので特に説明の必要は無いが、フラックスはホッパーと呼ばれる下にホースの付いた容器(図1に示す第1フラックス供給装置70や第2フラックス供給装置80)に入れられ、溶接進行に伴い、先行極の直前、あるいはさらに必要に応じて電極間に設けたホース先端のフラックス供給口から一定速で散布される。 [Table Flux]
There is no need to explain in particular because it is the minimum basic configuration as submerged arc welding, but the flux is a container with a hose under it called a hopper (the
開先内に粉体状の鋼もしくは鋼合金を散布しておくと、溶接時に溶融して溶融金属の一部を形成する。高能率となる効果の他に、ルートギャップが部分的に過大となる場合に、裏波を抜けにくくする。さらに、溶接部近傍の冷却速度を大きくして母材熱影響部の品質劣化を抑制する効果もある。また、裏波溶接の際に、1電極目以降の後行極のワイヤ送給やアーク不安定を和らげる効果がある。ただし、散布量が多すぎると溶けきれずに固体のまま残ってしまい、欠陥となることがあるので、過度な散布をしてはいけない。電流、開先形状のバランスで最適量を決める。粉体の材質としては、いわゆる粒度の細かい鉄粉や、細径の溶接ワイヤを切断して粗い粒状としたものが用いられる。 [About groove filling material]
When powdery steel or steel alloy is dispersed in the groove, it melts at the time of welding to form a part of the molten metal. In addition to the effect of high efficiency, when the route gap is partially excessive, it is difficult for the back wave to escape. Furthermore, there is also an effect of suppressing the quality deterioration of the base metal heat affected zone by increasing the cooling rate in the vicinity of the weld. Moreover, in back wave welding, it is effective in reducing the wire feeding of the trailing electrode after the first electrode and arc instability. However, if the application rate is too high, it may not melt and remain solid, which may cause defects, so excessive application should not be performed. Determine the optimum amount by the balance of current and groove shape. As a material of a powder, what is called iron powder with a so-called fine particle size, and what made the grain of a welding wire small diameter and was made coarse is used.
一般的に、溶接機には定電圧特性、垂下特性、定電流特性といった名目で仕様が記載されているため、使用者側がその特性を精査することは少ない。しかしながら、これら外部特性の名称は概念的なものであり、定量的な定義がある訳ではない。最近では使用者が外部特性を調整することができる機種も登場している。動作点電流における定電圧特性として望ましい電圧-電流特性の傾き、すなわち微分値dV/dIは-12.0×10-3(V/A)よりも水平側になっている。言い換えれば、望ましい微分値dV/dIは-12.0×10-3(V/A)以上である。微分値dV/dIが-12.0×10-3(V/A)以上であれば、アーク長Lの変化に対応して電流が大きく変化し、アーク長Lの自己制御作用が効果的に働くため望ましい。より望ましくは、微分値dV/dIが-8.0×10-3(V/A)以上であれば、より裏波形状が安定化する。なお、定電圧特性を含む外部特性一般の性質として、+側の傾きとなることはあり得ないので、微分値dV/dIは0が事実上の上限となる。 [Differential value of welding voltage having constant voltage characteristics]
Generally, specifications are described under the name of a constant voltage characteristic, a drooping characteristic, a constant current characteristic, etc. in a welding machine, so the user side is less likely to scrutinize the characteristic. However, the names of these external characteristics are conceptual and do not have quantitative definitions. Recently, there are models that allow users to adjust external characteristics. The slope of the voltage-current characteristic desired as the constant voltage characteristic at the operating point current, that is, the differential value dV / dI is more horizontal than −12.0 × 10 −3 (V / A). In other words, the desirable differential value dV / dI is -12.0 × 10 -3 (V / A) or more. If the differential value dV / dI is -12.0 × 10 -3 (V / A) or more, the current largely changes according to the change of the arc length L, and the self-control function of the arc length L is effectively effective. Desirable to work. More preferably, if the differential value dV / dI is −8.0 × 10 −3 (V / A) or more, the back wave shape is more stabilized. It should be noted that, as the characteristic of the external characteristics in general including the constant voltage characteristic, the positive side can not be a slope, so that the differential value dV / dI has a practical upper limit of 0.
定電流特性および垂下特性についても、定量的な定義があるわけではない。定電流特性と垂下特性とは、整流素子を用いて生成したか、鉄芯稼働による漏洩磁束を利用したかの違いともいえるが、アーク長Lが変化しても電流一定を指向するという点では同じである。定電流特性と垂下特性とに共通して望ましい電圧-電流特性の傾き、すなわち動作点電流における微分値dV/dIは-24.0×10-3(V/A)よりも鉛直側になっている、言い換えれば、望ましい微分値dV/dIは-24.0×10-3(V/A)以下である。微分値dV/dIが-24.0×10-3(V/A)以下の特性と送給速度の電圧フィードバック制御とを組み合わせれば、アーク電圧の変化を敏感に捉え、送給速度を変化させることでアーク長Lの安定化をはかることができ、表ビード形状の安定化に貢献する。なお、定電流特性および垂下特性を含む外部特性一般の性質として、+側の傾きとなることはあり得ないので、-∞(無限大)が事実上の下限となる。 [Differential value of welding voltage having constant current characteristic or drooping characteristic]
The constant current characteristics and the drooping characteristics are also not defined quantitatively. It can be said that the constant current characteristics and the drooping characteristics are different from whether they are generated using a rectifying element or the leakage flux due to the operation of an iron core, but in terms of aiming constant current even if the arc length L changes. It is the same. The slope of the desirable voltage-current characteristics common to the constant current characteristics and the drooping characteristics, that is, the differential value dV / dI at the operating point current is more vertical than -24.0 × 10 -3 (V / A) In other words, the desired differential value dV / dI is less than -24.0 × 10 -3 (V / A). If the characteristic of differential value dV / dI is -24.0 × 10 -3 (V / A) or less and voltage feedback control of feed speed are combined, the change of arc voltage is caught sensitively and the feed speed is changed By doing this, the arc length L can be stabilized, which contributes to the stabilization of the front bead shape. (-Infinity) is a practical lower limit, since the positive side can not have a slope as a general property of the external characteristics including the constant current characteristics and the drooping characteristics.
図4は、第1実施例および第1比較例における実験装置の構成を説明するための図である。なお、図4に示す実験装置の基本構成は、図1に示した溶接装置1と共通である。ここで、図4には、実験装置とともに、第1鋼板201および第2鋼板202を含むワーク200、ワーク200の表面側に供給される表フラックス300、ワーク200の裏面側に配置される裏当て部400、溶接に伴ってワーク200に形成される溶接金属500を、併せて示している。 First Example and First Comparative Example
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the experimental apparatus in the first embodiment and the first comparative example. The basic configuration of the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is the same as that of the
No.1-1は1電極目に直流・定電圧特性・定速制御を用いており、2電極目以降は従来からの交流・垂下特性・電圧FB変速制御を用いているが、良好な裏波ビード形状が得られている。一方、最終パスとなる4電極目を交流・垂下特性・電圧FB変速制御としていることで、表ビード形状も非常に良好となっている。 First, the first embodiment will be described.
No. 1-1 uses direct current, constant voltage characteristics, constant speed control for the first electrode, and uses the conventional alternating current, drooping characteristics, and voltage FB shift control for the second and subsequent electrodes, but good back bead The shape is obtained. On the other hand, the front bead shape is also very good because the fourth electrode, which is the final pass, is subjected to the AC / droop characteristic / voltage FB shift control.
No.1-6は現在使用されている典型である。全電極について交流・垂下特性・電圧FB変速制御を採用している。送給速度の変動と交流特有の周期的なアーク消失が裏波溶融池の不安定をもたらせ、内部欠陥や表ビード形状こそ特段問題ないものの、裏波溶接には不適であり、裏波ビード形状の不良が著しかった。 Subsequently, the first comparative example will be described.
No. 1-6 are typical used now. AC, droop characteristics, and voltage FB shift control are adopted for all electrodes. Fluctuations in the feed rate and periodical arc loss caused by alternating current cause instability in the backwave molten pool, and although internal defects and front bead shapes are not particularly problematic, they are not suitable for backwave welding and backwaves. Poor bead shape was remarkable.
図5は、第2実施例および第2比較例における実験装置の構成を説明するための図である。なお、図5に示す実験装置の基本構成は、図1に示した溶接装置1から第4溶接ユニット40を取り除いたものとなっている。ここで、図5には、実験装置とともに、第1鋼板201および第2鋼板202を含むワーク200、ワーク200の表面側に供給される表フラックス300、ワーク200の裏面側に配置される裏当て部400、溶接に伴ってワーク200に形成される溶接金属500を、併せて示している。 Second Example and Second Comparative Example
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the experimental apparatus in the second embodiment and the second comparative example. The basic configuration of the test apparatus shown in FIG. 5 is obtained by removing the
JIS Z3351 YS-S6該当品、表フラックス300はJIS Z3352 SACI1該当品を用いた。表フラックス300は1電極目(先行極)より前と、2電極目と3電極目の間に自動的に適量を連続散布される。 Moreover, FIG.7 (b) has shown the dimension of each steel plate and groove in 2nd Example and 2nd comparative example. In this example, the
No.2-1は1電極目に直流・定電圧特性・定速制御を用いており、2電極目以降は従来からの交流・垂下特性・電圧FB変速制御を用いているが、良好な裏波ビード形状が得られている。また、最終パスとなる3電極目を交流・垂下特性・電圧FB変速制御としていることで、表ビード形状の外観も非常に良好となっている。 First, the second embodiment will be described.
No. 2-1 uses DC, constant voltage characteristics, and constant speed control for the first electrode, and uses the conventional AC, droop characteristics, and voltage FB shift control for the second and subsequent electrodes, but good back bead The shape is obtained. In addition, the appearance of the front bead shape is also very good by setting the third electrode, which is the final pass, to AC / droop characteristics / voltage FB shift control.
No.2-5はNo.2-1に対して、1電極目を直流ではなく交流としたものである。定電圧特性・定速制御は本発明の範疇であるが、交流としているため、交流特有の周期的なアーク消失が裏波溶融池の不安定をもたらせ、安定した裏波ビード形状を得ることができなかった。 Subsequently, a second comparative example will be described.
No. No. 2-5 is No. In contrast to 2-1, the first electrode is not direct current but alternating current. Although constant voltage characteristics and constant speed control are in the category of the present invention, since alternating current is used, periodical arc disappearance peculiar to alternating current causes instability of back wave molten pool and obtains stable back wave bead shape. I could not.
部に融合不良も発生した。 No. 2-10 combines DC, constant current characteristics, and constant speed control as the first electrode, but in this combination, the arc length stabilization control does not work, so the welding is unstable and the back bead shape is defective Not only that, but also due to the significant instability of the primary layer by the first electrode, fusion failure also occurs at the junction with the second electrode.
図6は、第3実施例および第3比較例における実験装置の構成を説明するための図である。なお、図6に示す実験装置の基本構成は、図1に示した溶接装置1から第3溶接ユニット30、第4溶接ユニット40および第2フラックス供給装置80を取り除いたものとなっている。ここで、図6には、実験装置とともに、第1鋼板201および第2鋼板202を含むワーク200、ワーク200の表面側に供給される表フラックス300、ワーク200の裏面側に配置される裏当て部400、溶接に伴ってワーク200に形成される溶接金属500、開先に予め供給される開先充填材600を併せて示している。 Third Example and Third Comparative Example
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the experimental apparatus in the third embodiment and the third comparative example. The basic configuration of the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by removing the
No.3-1は1電極目に直流・定電圧特性・定速制御を用いており、2電極目は従来からの交流・垂下特性・電圧FB変速制御としているが、良好な裏波ビード形状および表ビード形状が得られている。 First, the third embodiment will be described.
No. 3-1 uses direct current, constant voltage characteristics, constant speed control for the first electrode, and the second electrode uses the conventional alternating current, drooping characteristics, and voltage FB shift control, but it has a good back bead shape and surface The bead shape is obtained.
No.3-5は現在使用されている典型である。両極共に交流・垂下特性・電圧FB変速制御を採用している。内部欠陥や表ビード形状こそ特段問題ないものの、交流であることおよび変速制御であることの両方が裏波溶接には不適であり、裏波ビード形状の不良が著しかった。また、上述した実施例1、2に対して鋼板の板厚が小さいため、裏波ビード形状の不良が表ビード形状にも影響を及ぼしやや劣化させた。 Subsequently, a third comparative example will be described.
No. 3-5 is a typical used today. AC, droop characteristics, and voltage FB shift control are adopted for both poles. Although internal defects and the shape of the front bead have no particular problem, both the alternating current and the shift control are unsuitable for back wave welding, and the back bead shape is notable. In addition, since the thickness of the steel plate was smaller than those in Examples 1 and 2 described above, the defect in the back wave bead shape also affected the front bead shape and slightly deteriorated.
Claims (6)
- 先行極と当該先行極に続く後行極とを用いた多電極片面サブマージアーク溶接方法であって、
前記先行極および前記後行極では、それぞれ、直径2.4mm以上のワイヤを用い、
それぞれのワイヤに給電を行う電源の給電方式および外部特性と、それぞれのワイヤの送給速度の速度制御方式とが、
前記先行極では、前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御に設定され、
前記後行極では、
(a)前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御
(b)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御
(c)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が定電流特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
(d)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が垂下特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
(e)前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電流特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
のいずれかに設定されること
を特徴とする多電極片面サブマージアーク溶接方法。 A multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method using a leading electrode and a trailing electrode following the leading electrode,
In each of the leading electrode and the trailing electrode, a wire having a diameter of 2.4 mm or more is used,
The power supply method and external characteristics of the power supply that supplies power to each wire, and the speed control method of each wire supply speed,
In the leading electrode, the power feeding method is set to DC, the external characteristic is constant voltage characteristics, and the speed control method is set to constant speed control.
At the trailing pole,
(A) the feeding method is DC, the external characteristic is a constant voltage characteristic, the speed control method is constant speed control (b) the feeding method is AC, the external characteristic is constant voltage characteristic, and the speed control method is constant speed control (C) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a constant current characteristic, the speed control method is voltage feedback control based on an arc voltage (d) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a drooping characteristic, the speed control method is Voltage feedback control based on arc voltage (e) Multi-electrode characterized in that the feeding method is set to DC, the external characteristics are constant current characteristics, and the speed control method is set to voltage feedback control based on arc voltage. Single-sided submerged arc welding method. - 前記後行極は、前記先行極に続く複数の電極を含んで構成され、
前記後行極を構成する前記複数の電極のそれぞれでは、前記給電方式、前記外部特性および前記速度制御方式が前記(a)乃至前記(e)のいずれかに設定されること
を特徴とする請求項1記載の多電極片面サブマージアーク溶接方法。 The trailing electrode includes a plurality of electrodes following the leading electrode,
The feeding method, the external characteristic, and the speed control method are set to any one of (a) to (e) in each of the plurality of electrodes constituting the trailing electrode. The multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method according to Item 1. - 前記後行極を構成する前記複数の電極のうち、前記先行極から見て最も後側に位置する最終極では、前記給電方式、前記外部特性および前記速度制御方式が前記(c)または前記(d)に設定されること
を特徴とする請求項2記載の多電極片面サブマージアーク溶接方法。 Among the plurality of electrodes constituting the trailing electrode, the last method of the feeding method, the external characteristic, and the speed control method is the (c) or the (c) at the last electrode located on the rearmost side with respect to the leading electrode. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that it is set to d). - 前記定電圧特性を有する前記電源を用いる場合に、動作点における電流に対する電圧の傾きである微分値dV/dIが-12.0×10-3(V/A)以上であること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項記載の多電極片面サブマージアーク溶接方法。 When using the power supply having the constant voltage characteristic, a differential value dV / dI which is a slope of a voltage with respect to a current at an operating point is −12.0 × 10 −3 (V / A) or more. The multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3. - 前記定電流特性または前記垂下特性を有する前記電源を用いる場合に、動作点における電流に対する電圧の傾きである微分値dV/dIが-24.0×10-3(V/A)以下であること
を特徴とする請求項1記載の多電極片面サブマージアーク溶接方法。 When using the power supply having the constant current characteristic or the drooping characteristic, the differential value dV / dI, which is the slope of the voltage relative to the current at the operating point, is -24.0 × 10 -3 (V / A) or less The multi-electrode single-sided submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that - 先行極と当該先行極に続く後行極とを用いた片面サブマージアーク溶接にて、母材を溶接してなる溶接物の製造方法であって、
前記先行極および前記後行極では、それぞれ、直径2.4mm以上のワイヤを用い、
それぞれのワイヤに給電を行う電源の給電方式および外部特性と、それぞれのワイヤの送給速度の速度制御方式とが、
前記先行極では、前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御に設定され、
前記後行極では、
(a)前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御
(b)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が定電圧特性、前記速度制御方式が一定速度制御
(c)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が定電流特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
(d)前記給電方式が交流、前記外部特性が垂下特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
(e)前記給電方式が直流、前記外部特性が定電流特性、前記速度制御方式がアーク電圧に基づく電圧フィードバック制御
のいずれかに設定されること
を特徴とする溶接物の製造方法。 A method for producing a weldment comprising welding a base material by single-sided submerged arc welding using a leading electrode and a trailing electrode following the leading electrode,
In each of the leading electrode and the trailing electrode, a wire having a diameter of 2.4 mm or more is used,
The power supply method and external characteristics of the power supply that supplies power to each wire, and the speed control method of each wire supply speed,
In the leading electrode, the power feeding method is set to DC, the external characteristic is constant voltage characteristics, and the speed control method is set to constant speed control.
At the trailing pole,
(A) the feeding method is DC, the external characteristic is a constant voltage characteristic, the speed control method is constant speed control (b) the feeding method is AC, the external characteristic is constant voltage characteristic, and the speed control method is constant speed control (C) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a constant current characteristic, the speed control method is voltage feedback control based on an arc voltage (d) the feeding method is alternating current, the external characteristic is a drooping characteristic, the speed control method is Arc-voltage-based voltage feedback control (e) A weldment characterized in that the feeding method is DC, the external characteristics are constant-current characteristics, and the speed control method is arc-voltage-based voltage feedback control. Manufacturing method.
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