JP5199262B2 - 改良された膜モジュール - Google Patents
改良された膜モジュール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5199262B2 JP5199262B2 JP2009529257A JP2009529257A JP5199262B2 JP 5199262 B2 JP5199262 B2 JP 5199262B2 JP 2009529257 A JP2009529257 A JP 2009529257A JP 2009529257 A JP2009529257 A JP 2009529257A JP 5199262 B2 JP5199262 B2 JP 5199262B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- module
- fiber membrane
- membrane module
- sweep
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/268—Drying gases or vapours by diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/0233—Manufacturing thereof forming the bundle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/025—Bobbin units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/003—Membrane bonding or sealing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/13—Use of sweep gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/23—Specific membrane protectors, e.g. sleeves or screens
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84648206P | 2006-09-22 | 2006-09-22 | |
| US60/846,482 | 2006-09-22 | ||
| PCT/US2007/020499 WO2008039376A2 (en) | 2006-09-22 | 2007-09-21 | Improved membrane module |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012154571A Division JP5568740B2 (ja) | 2006-09-22 | 2012-07-10 | 改良された膜モジュール |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2010514544A JP2010514544A (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
| JP2010514544A5 JP2010514544A5 (enExample) | 2010-11-11 |
| JP5199262B2 true JP5199262B2 (ja) | 2013-05-15 |
Family
ID=39230766
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009529257A Expired - Fee Related JP5199262B2 (ja) | 2006-09-22 | 2007-09-21 | 改良された膜モジュール |
| JP2012154571A Expired - Fee Related JP5568740B2 (ja) | 2006-09-22 | 2012-07-10 | 改良された膜モジュール |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012154571A Expired - Fee Related JP5568740B2 (ja) | 2006-09-22 | 2012-07-10 | 改良された膜モジュール |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7998254B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2083933B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP5199262B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101516475B (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2007300579B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2663724A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2008039376A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100754263B1 (ko) * | 2003-09-29 | 2007-09-03 | 아사히 가세이 케미칼즈 가부시키가이샤 | 외압식 중공 섬유막 모듈 |
| US20090188856A1 (en) * | 2007-10-20 | 2009-07-30 | Robb Benson | Externally Centering Filter Element or Cartridge and Housing and System Utilizing the Same |
| CL2008002533A1 (es) * | 2007-10-20 | 2009-10-09 | Porous Media Corp | Un conjunto de filtro que comprende una carcasa hueca abierta por lo menos en un extremo por lo menos un miembro de cierre que cierra el por el por lo menos un extremo, siendo el miembro de cierre desmontable, por lo menos una placa tubular, una o mas orificios o aberturas, una camarabimpelente de entrada formada en la carcasa hueca |
| CN102238997A (zh) * | 2008-11-13 | 2011-11-09 | 白狐技术有限公司 | 用于密封膜组件的方法 |
| US7875176B2 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2011-01-25 | Porous Media Corporation | Membrane module for fluid filtration |
| EP2555852B1 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2015-09-16 | Generon IGS, Inc. | Integrated membrane module for gas dehydration and gas separation |
| MY184267A (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2021-03-30 | Evonik Fibres Gmbh | Hollow fibre membrane cartridge and module for the separation of fluids |
| CA2994035C (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2023-04-25 | Evonik Fibres Gmbh | Flexibly adaptable membrane cartridges for the separation of fluids |
| US11432436B2 (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2022-08-30 | Jason Todd Roth | Data center cooling system and related methods |
| CZ308551B6 (cs) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-11-18 | Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně | Výměník tepla pro aplikaci kapalina - plyn a způsob jeho zhotovení |
| CN117042867A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2023-11-10 | Nok株式会社 | 中空纤维膜组件和除湿加湿装置 |
| CN118119440A (zh) | 2021-08-03 | 2024-05-31 | 赢创运营有限公司 | 用于同时处理不同波动气流的装置和方法 |
| EP4655092A1 (de) | 2023-01-27 | 2025-12-03 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Apparat und verfahren zur simultanen behandlung verschiedener schwankender gasströme in bereich der methanisierung |
Family Cites Families (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4955569A (enExample) * | 1972-10-03 | 1974-05-29 | ||
| US4949252A (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1990-08-14 | Technology 80, Inc. | Computer channel analyzer with monitoring and selective display of predetermining events and related data |
| US4773003A (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1988-09-20 | Technology 80, Inc. | Apparatus for monitoring and analyzing large data blocks on a computer channel |
| EG18145A (en) * | 1985-12-10 | 1992-08-30 | Albany Int Corp | Hollow fiber separatory modul with encased fiber bundle |
| US4865736A (en) | 1985-12-10 | 1989-09-12 | Albany International Corp. | Hollow fiber separatory module with encased fiber bundle |
| US4881955A (en) * | 1988-09-12 | 1989-11-21 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method for gas separation using helically wound hollow fibers permeable membrane cartridge |
| US4880440A (en) * | 1988-09-12 | 1989-11-14 | Union Carbide Corporation | Hollow fiber multimembrane cells and permeators |
| US5026479A (en) * | 1990-02-13 | 1991-06-25 | Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation | Fluid separation device |
| JPH0575628A (ja) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-03-26 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | ネツトワーク資源監視システム |
| US5160042A (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1992-11-03 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Double ended hollow fiber bundle and fluids separation apparatus |
| US5376334A (en) * | 1993-05-19 | 1994-12-27 | Avecor Cardiovascular Inc. | Mass transfer device having a hollow fiber bundle |
| US5577254A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1996-11-19 | Bull Hn Information Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for capturing the presentation of an interactive user session, monitoring, replaying and joining sessions |
| US5411662A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-05-02 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Fluid separation assembly having an purge control valve |
| US5837033A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1998-11-17 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Hollow fiber membrane separation apparatus |
| US5702601A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-12-30 | Praxiar Technology, Inc. | Structure enhancing hollow fiber module |
| CA2190043C (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 2001-10-16 | Don E. Hameluck | Buffered screen capturing software tool usability testing of computer applications |
| US6266681B1 (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 2001-07-24 | Network Commerce Inc. | Method and system for inserting code to conditionally incorporate a user interface component in an HTML document |
| US6199104B1 (en) * | 1997-04-28 | 2001-03-06 | Sabre Inc. | Server-based host monitor |
| DE19732033A1 (de) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-01-28 | Bayer Ag | Triazolinthion-phosphorsäure-Derivate |
| US6101482A (en) * | 1997-09-15 | 2000-08-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Universal web shopping cart and method of on-line transaction processing |
| US6195679B1 (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 2001-02-27 | Netscape Communications Corporation | Browsing session recording playback and editing system for generating user defined paths and allowing users to mark the priority of items in the paths |
| US6236987B1 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2001-05-22 | Damon Horowitz | Dynamic content organization in information retrieval systems |
| US6414725B1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2002-07-02 | Leitch Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for synchronized multiple format data storage |
| US6526442B1 (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2003-02-25 | Compaq Information Technologies Group, L.P. | Programmable operational system for managing devices participating in a network |
| US6286030B1 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2001-09-04 | Sap Aktiengesellschaft | Systems and methods for recording and visually recreating sessions in a client-server environment |
| US6223213B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2001-04-24 | Webtv Networks, Inc. | Browser-based email system with user interface for audio/video capture |
| US6697824B1 (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 2004-02-24 | Accenture Llp | Relationship management in an E-commerce application framework |
| US6745367B1 (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2004-06-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and computer program product for implementing parental supervision for internet browsing |
| CA2390474C (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2009-12-29 | Porous Media Corporation | Compressed gas systems utilizing a variable pressure membrane air drier, and method of operation thereof |
| US6662226B1 (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2003-12-09 | Inbit, Inc. | Method and system for activating and capturing screen displays associated with predetermined user interface events |
| US6883032B1 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2005-04-19 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and system for collecting data on the internet |
| US6978304B2 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2005-12-20 | Pearl Software, Inc. | Method of remotely monitoring an internet session |
| US20030061506A1 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2003-03-27 | Geoffrey Cooper | System and method for security policy |
| EP1355718A4 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2004-11-17 | Porous Media Corp | MEMBRANE AIR DRYER WITH INTEGRAL DIFFUSER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| US6779522B2 (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2004-08-24 | Perma Pure, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating breathing gases |
| US7149788B1 (en) * | 2002-01-28 | 2006-12-12 | Witness Systems, Inc. | Method and system for providing access to captured multimedia data from a multimedia player |
| US7219138B2 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2007-05-15 | Witness Systems, Inc. | Method, apparatus, and system for capturing data exchanged between a server and a user |
| DE10259661A1 (de) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-29 | Beko Technologies Gmbh | Hohlfaser-Modul |
-
2007
- 2007-09-21 AU AU2007300579A patent/AU2007300579B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-09-21 CA CA002663724A patent/CA2663724A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-09-21 JP JP2009529257A patent/JP5199262B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-09-21 EP EP07838656.2A patent/EP2083933B1/en active Active
- 2007-09-21 WO PCT/US2007/020499 patent/WO2008039376A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-09-21 US US11/903,337 patent/US7998254B2/en active Active
- 2007-09-21 CN CN200780035115.2A patent/CN101516475B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-07-10 JP JP2012154571A patent/JP5568740B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2007300579B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
| CN101516475B (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
| EP2083933A2 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
| EP2083933B1 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
| US7998254B2 (en) | 2011-08-16 |
| AU2007300579A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
| CA2663724A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
| WO2008039376A8 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
| WO2008039376A3 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
| JP2010514544A (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
| JP5568740B2 (ja) | 2014-08-13 |
| HK1135348A1 (en) | 2010-06-04 |
| US20080072754A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| CN101516475A (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
| WO2008039376A2 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
| JP2012223765A (ja) | 2012-11-15 |
| EP2083933A4 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5199262B2 (ja) | 改良された膜モジュール | |
| EP0669158B1 (en) | Fluid separation assembly having an integral purge control valve | |
| US4367139A (en) | Hollow fiber permeator | |
| JP5536080B2 (ja) | 螺旋状に巻かれたセパレータアセンブリ用の中央コアエレメント | |
| US10213745B2 (en) | Hollow fiber cartridges and components and methods of their construction | |
| CN100548450C (zh) | 薄膜接触器及其制造方法 | |
| US4715953A (en) | Hollow fiber separation device manifold | |
| US7803274B2 (en) | Contained liquid membrane contactor and a method of manufacturing the same | |
| JP2002543959A (ja) | 中空糸膜装置および組立方法 | |
| JP2010514544A5 (enExample) | ||
| GB2134812A (en) | Liquid filter | |
| CA2577727A1 (en) | Functional porous multilayer fibre and its preparation | |
| CN1072108A (zh) | 双端空心纤维束和流体分离装置 | |
| JP2012505749A (ja) | 螺旋状に巻かれた膜セパレータアセンブリ | |
| KR101632941B1 (ko) | 유체 커플링을 가지는 여과 시스템 | |
| JP2000516852A (ja) | 中空の、多次元列の薄膜 | |
| JP2012223765A5 (enExample) | ||
| GB1590045A (en) | Hollow fibre apparatus which can be used for fractionation of fluids | |
| US4105548A (en) | Separation device of rigid porous inorganic hollow filament and use thereof | |
| HK1135348B (en) | Improved membrane module | |
| JPH08942A (ja) | 脱湿用中空糸膜モジュール | |
| JP2009095829A (ja) | 水分離中空繊維および水分離フィルタ | |
| JP7290208B2 (ja) | 中空糸膜モジュール | |
| JP6069944B2 (ja) | ガス分離膜モジュール | |
| JPS6013722B2 (ja) | 膜分離装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100920 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20100920 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20111012 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120110 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20120405 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20120412 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20120510 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20120517 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20120611 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20120618 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120710 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130115 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130207 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20160215 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5199262 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |