JP5159430B2 - The basic structure of wooden buildings - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a basic structure of a wooden building by a shaft construction method.

  Wooden buildings can not last as long as hundreds of years through proper maintenance, and many historical buildings still exist, but typical domestic houses have lifestyle changes, etc. In many cases, it is dismantled several decades after it is built. However, in recent years, in order to cope with environmental problems such as global warming, there has been a demand for reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and effective use of resources in homes. The concept of a 200-year house has been proposed mainly in the political and business world.

  In the wooden frame construction method, a foundation is laid on the upper surface of the foundation concrete, and a pillar is placed on the foundation to constitute the skeleton of the building. The foundation is the most important member that supports the entire building, and the strength of the building cannot be maintained as corrosion progresses. However, in addition to being exposed to moisture emanating from under the floor, the foundation is susceptible to white ants and is not exposed to the outside, and may deteriorate without the residents' knowledge. If the deterioration of the foundation progresses, a large-scale construction is required for the repair, and there is a case where it cannot be settled in terms of costs. In order to realize a 200-year house from such a background, it is necessary to assume the replacement of the foundation in advance.

  An example of the foundation installation method in the wooden frame construction method is shown in FIG. FIG. 9A shows the overall configuration, and FIG. 9B shows the configuration around the anchor bolt. In this figure, a foundation is placed on the upper surface of the foundation concrete protruding from the ground, but foundation packing is interposed between the foundation concrete and the foundation. The foundation packing is arranged only at the place where the anchor bolt protrudes, and a gap is generated on the lower surface of the base in other places, so that ventilation under the floor is realized without providing a ventilation opening in the foundation concrete. The anchor bolts are arranged according to the edge of the foundation, etc. After the foundation is temporarily set in place, when the nut is screwed and tightened, the foundation is firmly integrated with the foundation concrete, earthquake etc. The foundation will not be raised.

Even if the foundation is corroded, the life of the building can be extended if it can be replaced by a relatively simple method. This approach has already been advanced, and techniques such as the following patent documents have been proposed. In Patent Documents 1 and 2, the base is divided into right and left, and the base can be moved in the horizontal direction by passing anchor bolts or hozos through the split surface, without any modification to the pillars or foundation concrete. You can change the foundation. When the base is actually removed by this technique, one base may be moved to the outdoor side, but the other base needs to be moved inside the building. However, there are many restrictions on the inside of the building, and there are many cases where members such as large drawers are combined with the base, so it can be used effectively in buildings with high floors such as temples, but it is difficult to work in ordinary houses etc. .
JP 7-173874 A JP 2001-262702 A JP 2005-171571 A

  Patent Document 3 aims at simplifying the replacement work of rod-like members such as pillars and foundations, etc., and mounting holes are formed in the end surfaces of the pillars and the like, and the joint hardware is embedded therein. The metal joint can be freely moved in the mounting hole, and can be hidden in the mounting hole as required. Therefore, when attaching the column to the beam, bury the joint hardware in the end face of the column, temporarily install it at a predetermined position, insert the joint hardware into the beam, and fix the joint hardware with the drift pin. New columns can be installed between the beams. This technique is intended to fasten the end face of a member to another member, and cannot be applied to a base through which an anchor bolt is inserted.

  The present invention has been developed based on such a situation, and an object thereof is to provide a basic structure of a wooden building in which only the foundation can be exchanged.

The invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-mentioned problems is provided with a foundation concrete, a base placed on the foundation concrete, a foundation packing interposed between the foundation concrete and the foundation, and a fastener for fixing the foundation. The fastener includes: a buried material embedded in the foundation concrete and having a female screw formed on the upper end surface; and a bolt inserted from the top surface of the base and removably engaged with the female screw. becomes, the basic packing, said has notches open to accommodate possible and outside without projecting the upper end surface is formed, that the underlying packing horizontally moved, as the potting material is detachable from said cutout There, by withdrawing said base packing sandwiched between the base and the foundation concrete, characterized in that can be exchanged in a movable該土stand horizontally, the new ones It is the basis structure of the wooden buildings to be.

  The present invention is characterized in that the base can be moved in the horizontal direction so that the base that has been corroded can be removed and replaced with a new base. However, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 above, The foundation is not divided into right and left. Further, the present invention is based on the premise that the foundation is drawn to the foundation concrete by the fastener, and further, the foundation packing is sandwiched between the foundation concrete and the foundation. The foundation packing has a function of ensuring ventilation at the boundary between the foundation concrete and the foundation and promoting ventilation under the floor.

  The fastener is composed of a buried material and a bolt, of which the buried material is the same as the anchor bolt shown in FIG. 9 and is wholly or mostly embedded in the foundation concrete, with a female on the upper end surface. Screws are formed. The upper end of the buried material protrudes from the upper surface of the foundation concrete, but it is also possible to embed the entire buried material in the foundation concrete. In this case, a hole is formed in the upper surface of the foundation concrete, in which the female The screw will be exposed. In addition, the upper end surface of the buried material should be sure not to protrude beyond the upper surface of the foundation packing. Therefore, the foundation placed on the foundation packing can move in the horizontal direction without contacting the buried material. The bolt is used to fix the base and is inserted from the upper surface of the base toward the female screw of the buried material.

  The basic packing used in the present invention does not have an anchor hole as shown in FIG. 9, but has a notch opened to the outside. In the conventional foundation packing, the anchor bolt is inserted in the center, but in the present invention, the foundation packing is movable in the horizontal direction without being restrained by the buried material in order to accommodate the buried material in the notch, Can be removed even when sandwiched between foundation concrete and foundation.

  In this way, when embedding the embedded material in the foundation concrete, the upper end surface does not protrude beyond the upper surface of the foundation packing, and then the foundation packing is placed on the foundation concrete and the embedded material is accommodated in the notch. After that, lay the foundation on the foundation packing. Further, when the bolt is inserted and tightened from the upper surface of the foundation toward the female screw of the embedded material, the foundation is pressed and fixed by the foundation packing. In addition, in order to insert a bolt into the base, a prepared hole is processed at a predetermined position. Then, when replacing the foundation after construction, first remove the bolts, then sandwich a jack between the foundation concrete and the foundation, lift the foundation slightly, and then remove the foundation packing in the horizontal direction. Release the restraint. At this stage, the foundation can move in the horizontal direction, and the foundation can be replaced.

  The invention according to claim 2 relates to a base packing, and the base packing is composed of a lower plate and an upper plate stacked one above the other, and a boundary between the lower plate and the upper plate is a uniform inclined surface. It is characterized by. In the present invention, in order to improve workability at the time of extracting the base packing, the base packing is composed of two upper and lower plates, and the boundary is formed as a uniform inclined surface. The uniform inclined surface means a simple surface that does not change the direction and angle of inclination in the middle, and this inclined surface generates a horizontal force that separates the lower and upper plates. The base packing can be easily removed. However, since friction is usually generated at the boundary between the lower plate and the upper plate, the lower plate and the upper plate do not naturally separate. In addition, regarding the inclination direction of the inclined surface, when the foundation packing is extracted, it should not interfere with the buried material.

  The invention according to claim 3 considers the installation of the pillar, the base is divided by the pillar, and the column base hardware is interposed between the divided bases, and the top of the column base hardware is provided. It is characterized in that a pillar is placed. In a general shaft construction method, a pillar is placed on a base, and the base and the pillar are firmly integrated to ensure strength. Therefore, when moving the foundation horizontally, it is necessary to consider the handling of pillars. However, in the present invention, the foundation is subdivided, and the column base hardware is arranged at the boundary between the foundations, and the column is installed through the column base hardware. It is movable in the horizontal direction, improving workability.

  As in the first aspect of the present invention, an internal thread is formed on the upper end surface of the embedded material corresponding to the conventional anchor bolt, and the upper end surface is embedded so as not to protrude from the basic packing. By providing a notch to accommodate the embedded material and inserting bolts from the top surface of the base placed on the foundation packing toward the female screw, the foundation packing can be pulled out in the horizontal direction after construction. In addition, by removing the bolts, the base can be moved in the horizontal direction without interfering with the buried material, and the base can be replaced without removing the foundation concrete or the pillar. In addition, since the present invention can move the entire foundation to the outside of the room, the amount of work under the floor is small, it can be carried out without problems even in relatively small buildings such as ordinary houses, and the life of more wooden buildings is extended. Is realized.

  As in the second aspect of the invention, the base packing is composed of the lower plate and the upper plate, and the boundary is formed as an inclined surface, so that the lower plate and the upper plate are separated when the base packing is removed. Since component force is generated, it is easy to remove the base packing and workability is improved. In a normal state, the lower plate and the upper plate are not separated by friction acting on the boundary surface.

  As in the third aspect of the invention, the base is subdivided, the column base is sandwiched between adjacent bases, and the column is mounted on the base by mounting the column via the column base. The skeletal structure does not need to be removed, and when removing the foundation, measures such as provisional support of the pillars are not required and workability is improved.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of the basic structure of a wooden building according to the present invention. In this figure, only a part of the foundation concrete 11 which stands upright from the ground surface and extends linearly is drawn, and one embedding material 16 is embedded therein. Unlike the normal anchor bolt, the embedded material 16 is exposed only to the periphery of the upper end surface 17, and a female screw 18 is formed at the center of the upper end surface 17. The foundation packing 21 interposed between the foundation concrete 11 and the foundation 31 is made of a hard resin having excellent durability, and has a function of securing a space for sending wind under the floor. A notch 22 opened to the outside is formed. By this notch 22, the base packing 21 can be moved in the horizontal direction without being restrained by the bolt 41 or the embedded material 16. In addition, when the foundation packing 21 is mounted on the foundation concrete 11, the dimensions of the respective parts are adjusted so that the upper end surface 17 of the burying material 16 does not protrude from the upper surface of the foundation packing 21.

  The base 31 is made of wood having a rectangular cross section, and the base 31 is integrated with the foundation concrete 11 by inserting a bolt 41 therein and screwing the tip of the bolt into the female screw 18. In order to insert the bolt 41, a lower hole 32 penetrating the top and bottom of the base 31 is processed, and a counterbore hole 33 having an enlarged diameter is processed in the upper portion thereof to accommodate the head of the bolt 41. . A washer 43 is interposed at the bottom of the counterbore hole 33 in order to relieve the tightening load by the bolt 41. When installing the base 31, after placing the foundation packing 21 on the upper surface of the foundation concrete 11, the center of the foundation packing 21 is made to coincide with the center of the embedded material 16, and then the lower hole 32 and the female screw 18 are aligned concentrically. Then, the base 31 is placed on the foundation packing 11. When the bolt 41 is inserted from the counterbore hole 33 and screwed into the female screw 18 and tightened, the foundation 31 is integrated with the foundation concrete 11.

  FIG. 2 shows a state where the elements shown in FIG. 1 are assembled. FIG. 2 (A) is viewed from above, and FIG. 2 (B) is a longitudinal section. As shown in FIG. 2A, the foundation 31 is disposed along the foundation concrete 11, and a bolt 41 is attached to the center of the foundation 31. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, only the vicinity of the upper end surface 17 at the tip of the embedded material 16 protrudes from the upper surface of the foundation concrete 11 to the outside. The buried material 16 is a product in which a general-purpose dimensioning bolt and a long nut are integrated by welding. In addition, the foundation packing 21 is interposed between the foundation concrete 11 and the base 31, but since the notch 22 is formed in the right half of the foundation packing 21, the periphery of the upper end surface 17 is open. Further, the bolt 41 inserted into the base 31 is screwed into the female screw 18 of the burying material 16 at its tip, and is substantially integrated with the burying material 16. Moreover, the head of the bolt 41 is entirely buried in the base 31 by the counterbore hole 33, and does not become an obstacle when other members such as the floor board 20 are attached. A washer 43 is interposed between the bottom of the counterbore hole 33 and the head of the bolt 41 to relieve pressure.

  In the step of removing the base 31, the floor plate 20 is first removed, and then the bolt 41 is removed from the female screw 18. Next, a small jack or the like is sandwiched between the foundation concrete 11 and the foundation 31 to slightly raise the foundation 31, and the foundation packing 21 is moved in the horizontal direction and removed. When the jack is removed at this stage, the base 31 is not constrained by the foundation packing 21 or the bolt 41 and can be removed by moving in the horizontal direction. And the base 31 can also be attached in the reverse procedure. In consideration of replacement of the base 31, the floor board 20 is preferably attached by means such as screw nails, which can be easily removed later.

  FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the present invention different from FIG. In this figure, the basic packing 21 is divided into upper and lower parts, and the bolt 41 has a chamfered portion 42 formed near the center. The base packing 21 is composed of a lower plate 23 located below and an upper plate 24 located above, and is used with both inclined surfaces 25 in contact with each other. Therefore, the notch 22 is formed in both the lower plate 23 and the upper plate 24. The inclined surface 25 is literally an inclined surface, but the inclination is not changed over the entire area, and a vertical load acts on the upper plate 24 to generate a component force that slides along the inclined surface 25. Further, the chamfered portion 42 formed on the bolt 41 is for hanging a tool. In the figure, only two opposing surfaces are cut out, but may be cut out in a hexagonal cross section or the like.

  FIG. 4 is a side view of the assembled state of each element shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 (A) shows that the foundation packing 21 is incorporated, and FIG. 4 (B) shows that the foundation packing 21 is removed. Yes. As shown in FIG. 4A, the foundation packing 21 has an inclined surface 25 that is a boundary between the lower plate 23 and the upper plate 24 extending upward, and the chamfered portion 42 of the bolt 41 is an upper surface of the foundation concrete 11. And the bottom surface of the base 31. In the configuration as shown in this figure, a vertical load is applied to the base packing 21 to generate a horizontal component force in a direction in which the lower plate 23 and the upper plate 24 are separated from each other. Since the friction is greater, the upper plate 24 will not slide down over time. However, since the base 31 is replaced, when the base 31 is slightly lifted, the lower plate 23 and the upper plate 24 can be easily removed by the action of the inclined surface 25.

  FIG. 4B shows a state in which the base packing 21 is extracted using the inclined surface 25. In this state, the chamfered portion 42 of the bolt 41 is exposed between the foundation concrete 11 and the foundation 31. Therefore, the bolt 41 can be removed from the female screw 18 by applying a tool to the chamfered portion 42 and rotating it. By providing the chamfered portion 42, the present invention can be applied even when there are other members on the base 31 and it is difficult to remove the bolt 41 upward. In this figure, the depth of the counterbore hole 33 is increased so that the bolt 41 can move upward.

  FIG. 5 shows a form in which a column base metal 35 for fixing the pillar 50 is combined based on the form shown in FIG. In this figure, bases 31a and 31b are arranged on the left and right sides, and a column base 35 is sandwiched between the bases 31a and 31b. The column base 35 is composed of a hollow square-shaped box part 36 and a bar part 37 having a circular cross section protruding thereon, and a bottom hole 38 is formed in the center of the bottom part of the box part 36. A lateral hole 39 is formed on the side surface. The bottom hole 38 is used to integrate the column base metal 35 with the foundation concrete 11, and after inserting the column base anchor bolt 19 therein, the nut 40 is screwed and tightened. The column 50 is placed on the column base 35, and a shaft hole 51 for inserting the rod portion 37 is processed on the lower surface thereof, and a pin hole 52 intersecting with the shaft hole 51 is processed on the side surface. . After the rod portion 37 is inserted into the shaft hole 51 and the column 50 is placed on the column base 35, when the drift pin 53 is driven into the pin hole 52, the column 50 is integrated with the foundation concrete 11 via the column base 35. . The column base anchor bolts 19 may have a normal form in which a simple male screw protrudes unlike the embedded material 16, and may protrude from the upper surface of the foundation packing 21.

  The fixing method of the foundations 31a and 31b is exactly the same as in FIG. 1, but the notches 22 of the foundation packing 21 must be directed toward the column base 35, and the foundation packing 21 is opposite to the column base 35. The bases 31a and 31b are extracted by moving in the direction. By supporting the column 50 with the column base 35 in this manner, the upper surface of the base 31 is not constrained, so that the work for exchanging the base 31 is simplified.

  FIG. 6 shows a state in which the elements shown in FIG. 5 are assembled. FIG. 6 (A) is viewed obliquely from above, and FIG. 6 (B) is a longitudinal section. Thus, the left and right bases 31 a and 31 b are divided by the column base metal 35 and the column 50, and the end surfaces of the bases 31 a and 31 b are in contact with the column base metal 35 and the column 50. Accordingly, since the vertical load acting on the pillar 50 is transmitted to the foundation concrete 11 without passing through the base 31, it is not necessary to temporarily receive the pillar 50 when the base 31 is replaced.

  FIG. 7 shows a configuration example in the case where the pillar 50 is placed on the upper surface of the base 31 in the basic structure according to the present invention. In the form of FIG. 5, it is not necessary to remove the pillars 50 when exchanging the base 31. However, since the pillars 50 are arranged at a relatively narrow interval, it is not possible to install all the pillars 50 in this way. Accordingly, for some of the columns 50, the column 50 is placed on the base 31 by using the column holder 55 as shown in the figure so that only the base 31 can be moved horizontally. The column support 55 is formed by integrating a blade 56 formed by bending a metal plate and a circular cross-section rod portion 57. The blade plate 56 is inserted into a slit 54 formed at the bottom of the column 50. The portion 57 is inserted into the upper surface of the base 31, and the drift pin 53 is driven into each pin hole 52 to integrate the base 31 and the column 50. When the base 31 is extracted, the column 50 is provisionally received by another member in advance, and then the drift pin 53 driven into the column 50 is extracted, and the column support 55 is moved integrally with the base 31. By making the direction of the slats 56 of the pillar support 55 coincide with the moving direction of the base 31, the base 31 can be extracted without removing the pillar support 55.

  FIG. 8 shows a configuration example in the case where the large pull 45 is fastened to the base 31 in the basic structure according to the present invention. Like the base 31, the large pull 45 is laid in the horizontal direction, and both ends thereof are supported by the base 31. Therefore, when exchanging the base 31, it is necessary to separate the base 31 and the large pull 45, and the connecting hardware 46 as shown in this figure is used. The connecting hardware 46 is integrated with the large pull 45 by the fixing pin 47, and is integrated with the base 31 by the connecting bolt 48 and the connecting nut 49, and the large pull 45 can be separated by removing the connecting nut 49. In this case, it is necessary to temporarily receive the large pull 45 with a bundle or the like.

It is a perspective view which shows the example of a form of the basic structure of the wooden building by this invention. The state which assembled | assembled each element shown in FIG. 1 is shown, (A) is a top view, (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view. It is a perspective view which shows the example of a form of this invention different from FIG. It is a side view of the state which assembled each element shown in FIG. 3, (A) has incorporated the basic packing, (B) has removed the basic packing. It is a perspective view which shows the form which combined the column base metal for fixing a pillar based on the form shown in FIG. The state which assembled each element shown in FIG. 5 is shown, (A) is a perspective view, (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view. In the foundation structure by this invention, it is a perspective view which shows the structural example in the case of mounting a pillar on the upper surface of a base. In the basic structure by this invention, it is a perspective view which shows the structural example in the case of fastening a large pull to a foundation. An example of the foundation installation method in the wooden frame construction method is shown. (A) is an overall configuration, and (B) is a configuration around an anchor bolt.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Foundation concrete 16 Embedded material 17 Upper end surface 18 Female screw 19 Column base anchor bolt 20 Floor board 21 Foundation packing 22 Notch 23 Lower plate 24 Upper plate 25 Inclined surface 31 Base 32 Lower hole 33 Counterbore hole 35 Column base metal 36 Box part 37 Rod part 38 Bottom hole 39 Horizontal hole 40 Nut 41 Bolt 42 Chamfering part 43 Washer 45 Large pull 46 Connection metal piece 47 Fixing pin 48 Connection bolt 49 Connection nut 50 Column 51 Shaft hole 52 Pin hole 53 Drift pin 54 Slit 55 Column support Hardware 56 slats 57 rod

Claims (3)

Fix the foundation concrete (11), the foundation (31) placed on the foundation concrete (11), the foundation packing (21) interposed between the foundation concrete (11) and the foundation (31), and the foundation (31) And a fastener for
The fastener is inserted from the upper surface of the base material (31) and the embedded material (16) embedded in the foundation concrete (11) and having the female screw (18) formed on the upper end surface (17), and the female screw ( 18) and a bolt (41) screwed so as to be able to advance and retract.
The base packing (21) is formed with a notch (22) that can be accommodated without projecting the upper end surface (17) and opened to the outside, and the base packing (21) moves horizontally, The embedded material (16) is detachable from the notch (22) ;
By removing the foundation packing (21) sandwiched between the foundation concrete (11) and the foundation (31), the foundation (31) can be moved in the horizontal direction and can be replaced with a new one. The basic structure of a wooden building.   The base packing (21) is composed of a lower plate (23) and an upper plate (24) stacked one above the other, and the boundary between the lower plate (23) and the upper plate (24) is a uniform inclined surface ( 25) The basic structure of a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein The base (31) is divided by a pillar (50), and a column base hardware (35) is interposed between the divided bases (31a, 31b), and an upper surface of the column base metal (35). A pillar structure (50) is placed on the base structure of the wooden building according to claim 1 or 2.

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