JP5153147B2 - Gasoline composition - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasoline composition, and more particularly to a gasoline composition containing a specific component, having a high octane number, excellent intake valve cleanliness and operability, and excellent environmental conservation.

  In recent years, with increasing interest in environmental improvement, there has been a demand for products with excellent environmental performance such as reduction of exhaust gas from automobiles and improvement of fuel consumption. In order to improve fuel efficiency, a method of increasing the compression ratio of an engine and improving thermal efficiency is known. However, if the compression ratio is increased, knocking is likely to occur, so gasoline having a high octane number is required.

  In general, as a high-octane gasoline, a high octane number base material having a heavy and high aromatic content and a specific distillation property and component composition are known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, gasoline with a certain amount of cyclopentane added to improve the octane number of light components and improved anti-knock performance (for example, see Patent Document 2), and a certain amount of methylcyclopentene compounded with a high octane number Has been proposed, such as gasoline (see, for example, Patent Document 3). However, these gasolines may still be unsatisfactory in terms of deposit adhesion to a gasoline engine intake valve, drivability, etc., and further improvements are desired.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-207286 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-235575 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-302359

  Under such circumstances, the present invention improves the octane number of gasoline and increases the cleanliness of the intake valve without increasing the aromatic content in gasoline, which is problematic for environmental conservation and deposits on the intake valve. An object of the present invention is to provide a gasoline composition with improved drivability and improved environmental conservation.

As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the inventors of the present invention contain 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene in a predetermined amount in gasoline. Thus, it is found that a gasoline composition having excellent performance capable of achieving the above-mentioned object can be obtained, and further, if it has a certain component composition and distillation properties, a gasoline composition with even better performance can be obtained. Knowing that it is obtained, the present invention has been completed.
That is, this invention provides the following gasoline composition in order to achieve the said objective.
(1) Containing 0.5 to 9 % by volume of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene in fractions produced from BB fraction And a gasoline composition characterized by satisfying the following properties:
(A) Reed vapor pressure (RVP) 45 ~ 90kPa
(B) Research octane number (RON) is 89-103
(C) 50% distillation temperature (T50) is 75-110 ° C
(D) 70 ° C distillate (E70) is 18 to 45% by volume
(E) Aromatic content is 5-19.8 % by volume
(F) Olefin content is 18-30 % by volume
(G) Benzene content is 1% by volume or less (h) Sulfur content is 10 mass ppm or less

  The gasoline composition of the present invention is suitable for an automobile gasoline engine, is excellent in environmental conservation, has a high octane number, and is excellent in cleanliness and drivability of an intake valve, while maintaining practical performance. It can be preserved.

  Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in more detail.

The origin of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene used in the gasoline composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the BB fraction is used as a raw material. 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, fractions containing 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, etc. produced from the process of producing methyl ethyl ketone by dehydrogenating and purifying sec-butyl alcohol It can be preferably used.
The fraction produced from the methyl ethyl ketone production process using BB fraction as a raw material by dehydrogenation of sec-butyl alcohol is generally other than 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene. Contains 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, the sum of both, generally 25-50 volumes %. In the present invention, the fraction produced from any conventionally known methyl ethyl ketone production process also contains 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene. As long as it can be used.

  2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene has a research octane number (RON) of 106, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene has a high RON of 103.5, which is not an aromatic component. It is a substance that can improve the octane number with less environmental problems and the deposit of intake valves, which are greatly influenced by the family.

  In the gasoline composition of the present invention, the contents of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene are 0.3 to 10% by volume in total. . If the content is less than 0.3% by volume, the effect of improving the octane number is not sufficiently exerted, and the knocking resistance and drivability are not improved. If the content exceeds 10% by volume, the stability of the gasoline decreases due to an increase in the olefin content. there is a possibility. From the viewpoint of the octane number improving effect and the drivability, the preferable content of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene is 0.5 to 9% by volume. Further, the ratio of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene is not particularly limited. The contents of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene are in accordance with JPI-5S-33-90 (gas chromatography method) of Petroleum Institute of Japan. It is a measured value.

  The lead vapor pressure (RVP) of the gasoline composition of the present invention is 45 to 90 kPa, preferably 50 to 90 kPa. By setting RVP to 45 kPa or more, it is possible to prevent a decrease in low temperature startability and warming property, and setting to 90 kPa or less is preferable because the amount of evaporated gas can be reduced. Here, RVP is a value measured according to JIS K 2258.

  The research octane number (RON) of the gasoline composition of the present invention is desirably 89 to 103, preferably 89 to 102. By setting the RON to 89 or more, it becomes possible to maintain high operability. By setting the RON to 103 or less, the blending amount of the aromatic high octane base material can be suppressed, and the cleanliness of the intake valve is improved. It is preferable because it can prevent a decrease and a decrease in environmental conservation. Here, RON is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2280.

  The gasoline composition of the present invention has a 50% distillation temperature (T50) of 75 to 110 ° C, preferably 80 to 105 ° C, and a 70 ° C distillation amount (E70) of 18 to 45% by volume, preferably 20 to 42 volumes. % Is desirable. If T50 and E70 are within the above ranges, it is preferable to prevent a case where a deficiency in drivability and acceleration performance occurs. These distillation properties are values measured in accordance with JIS K 2254.

  The gasoline composition of the present invention has an aromatic content of 45% by volume or less, preferably 5 to 45% by volume. If the aromatic content is within 45% by volume, an increase in harmful components in the exhaust gas can be prevented, which is preferable. The olefin content is 30% by volume or less, preferably 5 to 30% by volume. If the olefin content is within 30% by volume, a decrease in oxidation stability can be prevented, which is preferable. Here, the aromatic content and the olefin content are values measured in accordance with the Petroleum Institute method JPI-5S-33-90 (gas chromatographic method).

  The gasoline composition of the present invention has a benzene content of 1% by volume or less, preferably 0.8% by volume or less. A benzene content of 1% by volume or less is preferable because it can prevent an increase in the concentration of benzene in the atmosphere and reduce environmental pollution. Here, the benzene content is a value measured according to the Japan Petroleum Institute method JPI-5S-33-90 (gas chromatographic method).

  The gasoline composition of the present invention has a sulfur content of 10 ppm by mass or less, preferably 8 ppm by mass or less. If the sulfur content is within 10 ppm by mass, it is possible to prevent the exhaust gas purification catalyst from lowering its capacity and to prevent the concentration of NOx, CO and THC in the exhaust gas from increasing. Here, the sulfur content is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2541.

  Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the gasoline base material used in order to manufacture the gasoline composition which has the above characteristics, For example, the following various petroleum fractions and compounds can be used as a base material.

  (B) Hydrogen stream by contact reforming method (Platforming method, Magnaforming method, Aromaizing method, Reforming method, Food reforming method, Ultraforming method, Powerforming method, etc.) for heavy straight-run naphtha, etc. In which the benzene fraction is removed by distillation from a reformed gasoline obtained by contact treatment with a catalyst (for example, platinum, rhodium and chlorine supported on an alumina carrier) at high temperature and pressure. Quality gasoline.

  (B) The reformed gasoline obtained by contact treatment by the above catalytic reforming method is separated into light fraction, benzene fraction, and heavy fraction by distillation. Gasoline) and heavy fractions (debenzene heavy catalytic reforming gasoline).

  (C) Petroleum fraction ranging from kerosene / light oil to atmospheric residual oil, preferably heavy gas oil or vacuum gas oil, is conventionally known catalytic cracking method, especially fluid catalytic cracking method (UOP method, shell two-stage type) Decomposition with a solid acid catalyst (eg, silica / alumina blended with zeolite, etc.) by the method, flexi cracking method, ultra ortho flow method, texaco method, gulf method, ultra cat cracking method, RCC method, HOC method, etc. Catalytically cracked gasoline obtained as a result, lightly cracked gasoline obtained by distilling it.

  (D) An alkylate obtained by reacting isobutane and a lower olefin (butene, propylene, etc.) in the presence of an acid catalyst (sulfuric acid, hydrogen fluoride, aluminum chloride, etc.).

  (E) Light distillate (light naphtha) obtained by distilling desulfurized straight naphtha obtained by desulfurizing straight-run naphtha obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil into light and heavy fractions by distillation.

  (F) C4 fractions mainly composed of butane and butenes obtained by distillation during the atmospheric distillation of crude oil or crude oil, during the production of reformed gasoline, or during the production of cracked gasoline.

  (G) Isomerate obtained by isomerization of straight-chain lower paraffin hydrocarbons, or isopentane obtained by precision distillation of isomerate, toluene, xylene obtained from catalytically reformed gasoline, or fragrance having 9 or more carbon atoms Dividends mainly composed of tribes.

  Using the various fractions as described above as a base material, the blending amount is appropriately selected according to the properties of the various fractions and the like so as to satisfy the respective compositions and properties. Unleaded gasoline can be produced.

  Various additives can be appropriately blended in the gasoline composition of the present invention as necessary. Such additives include phenolic and amine antioxidants, metal deactivators such as thioamide compounds, surface ignition inhibitors such as organophosphorus compounds, succinimides, polyalkylamines, polyetheramines. , Detergents and dispersants such as polyisobuteneamine, friction modifiers such as long chain aliphatic esters and amines, antifreezing agents such as polyhydric alcohols and their ethers, alkali metals and alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, sulfuric acid of higher alcohols Known fuel additives such as esters, etc., anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, antistatic agents such as amphoteric surfactants, rust inhibitors such as alkenyl succinates, and colorants such as azo dyes Is mentioned. These can be added singly or in combination. The addition amount of these fuel additives is arbitrary, but usually the total addition amount is preferably 0.1% by weight or less.

  The content of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-4)
C4 fractions (butane, butenes) produced from catalytic cracking equipment, catalytic reforming equipment, atmospheric distillation equipment, etc., properties of debenzene catalyzed reformed gasoline (base material A), debenzene light catalytic reforming properties shown in Table 1 Quality gasoline (base material B), debenzene heavy catalytic reforming gasoline (base material C), catalytic cracking gasoline (base material D), light catalytic cracking gasoline (base material E), alkylate (base material F), light Blends naphtha (base G) and fractions containing 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene (base H) in the blending ratios shown in Table 2. As a result, gasoline having the properties shown in Table 2 was obtained. Furthermore, cleanliness tests and operability tests were performed on the obtained gasoline, and the results are shown in Table 2. The cleanability test and the operability test were performed as follows.

(Cleanliness test)
Using a 1.5L displacement, multipoint injection (MPI) type vehicle, the chassis dynamo accelerated and decelerated at 60-100km / h x 1,500 cycles (running 8,000km) and deposited on the intake valve (IVD ) Was visually evaluated (Rating: CRC (Coordinating Research Council) No. 16). This Rating value indicates that the larger the numerical value, the smaller the IVD amount.

(Drivability test)
Toyota Corolla (engine: 5E-FE, displacement: 1,496cc) was used as the test vehicle. The vehicle was placed on the chassis dynamo and soaked for 10 hours under the conditions of temperature 20 ± 3 ℃ and humidity 50 ± 5%, and then the engine was started. After starting the engine, acceleration of 0-40km / h was repeated 20 times from the cold condition under the condition of 50% accelerator opening.

  The drivability evaluation conforms to the method described in the Petroleum Institute “FY2005 Drivability Survey Results Report”. For defects that occurred during the idling period or during acceleration, the product of the following failure coefficient and disadvantage score Obtained as the sum, the superiority or inferiority of driving performance was determined from the degree of the phenomenon.

  Disadvantages include idle stability, front / rear vibration during driving, acceleration stagnation, breathing, backfire, engine stall during idling, engine stall during running, and the coefficients are 1, 4, 6, respectively. 6, 6, 8, 32.

  Also, demerit score 1 when the degree of phenomenon can only be determined by a test driver, demerit score 2 when the average driver can be identified, and demerit score 4 when any driver points out.

  The evaluation was carried out with ◎ when the disadvantage did not occur at all and the disadvantage score was 0, Δ when the disadvantage score was 1 to 20, and x when the disadvantage score was 21 or more.

  From the above results, it is clear that the gasoline composition of the present invention is excellent in cleanliness and operability of the intake valve, and can maintain the atmospheric environment while maintaining practical performance.

Claims (1)

The fractions generated by the BB fraction to the raw material, so as to contain 0.5 to 9% by volume total and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene A gasoline composition containing and satisfying the following properties:
(A) Reed vapor pressure (RVP) 45 ~ 90kPa
(B) Research octane number (RON) is 89-103
(C) 50% distillation temperature (T50) is 75-110 ° C
(D) 70 ° C distillate (E70) is 18 to 45% by volume
(E) Aromatic content is 5-19.8 % by volume
(F) Olefin content is 18-30 % by volume
(G) Benzene content is 1% by volume or less (h) Sulfur content is 10 mass ppm or less