JP5147031B2 - Composting equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composting facility that promotes composting of the compost material through the air discharged from the vent holes of the vent pipe to the deposited compost material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to promote aerobic fermentation (composting) of livestock excrement, which is a compost material, a method of forcibly ventilating accumulated livestock feces from the floor surface is used. Ventilation for livestock dung and the like is performed using a ventilation pipe with a large opening ratio installed on the floor.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the structure in which the ventilation pipe is installed on the floor, the ventilation pipe is likely to be clogged with livestock excrement and the like having a lot of water. If the ventilation pipe is clogged, uniform ventilation is impossible. Therefore, it is necessary to remove and clean the ventilation pipe or to replace the ventilation pipe periodically. For this reason, there is a problem that it takes time to maintain the composting equipment.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to facilitate the maintenance of composting equipment by providing a structure in which ventilation pipes are not clogged.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above-described problems are solved by the inventions of the claims.
The invention of claim 1 provides a composting facility for supplying air from the floor surface to compost material, flexible is constituted by the mesh resin tube having a vent hole for supplying air to the compost material A ventilation pipe provided with, a granular layer made of a spacer larger than a ventilation hole of the ventilation pipe, and arranged between the granular layer and the compost material, the compost material being A combustible support layer having air permeability and a structure that is difficult to pass through, and the compost support layer includes a resin sheet in which a through-hole having a size through which the compost material is difficult to pass and a size of the through-hole of the resin sheet. A large-sized through hole is formed, and is formed from a metal plate that supports the resin sheet from below. The ventilation pipe and the granular layer are grooves formed in the floor surface and connected to a drain pit. In the drain Are set, further the said drainage groove, the compost supporting layer is accommodated, wherein the height of the resin sheet of the compost support layer is equal to the level of the floor surface.
According to the present invention, a granular layer made of spacers is provided around the ventilation pipe, and a compost support layer having air permeability is disposed between the granular layer and the compost material so that the compost material does not easily pass therethrough. Yes. For this reason, even if it uses compost materials, such as livestock manure with much moisture, it becomes difficult to raise | generate clogging of a ventilation piping, and clogging will mainly generate | occur | produce in a compost support layer. Therefore, when a ventilation failure occurs, it is only necessary to repair the compost support layer while leaving the ventilation pipe as it is, and the maintenance of the composting facility is facilitated.
In addition, a resin sheet that is difficult to pass through compost material is placed on a metal plate, so even if clogging occurs, only the resin sheet needs to be washed or replaced, making it easy to maintain composting equipment. become. Moreover, the strength of the compost support layer can be secured by the metal plate.
Further, by disposing the ventilation pipe and the granular layer in the drainage groove connected to the drainage pit, moisture (waste juice) from the compost material can be guided to the drainage pit by the drainage groove. For this reason, the surroundings of the composting facility are not contaminated with the waste juice, and environmental deterioration can be prevented.
[0006]
Further, as defined in claim 2 , the vent pipe, the resin sheet, and the metal plate are preferably formed of an alkali-resistant material.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
Hereinafter, the composting equipment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The composting facility according to the first embodiment uses livestock excrement as compost material, and forcibly ventilates accumulated livestock feces (hereinafter referred to as compost material) from the floor surface to aerobic fermentation of the compost material. Promote (composting). Here, FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the composting facility composting facility (a view taken along the arrow II in FIG. 3), and FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 3A is a plan view of the composting house of the composting facility, FIG. 3B is a front view of the composting facility of the composting facility, and FIG. 4 is a side view of the composting facility of the composting facility.
[0008]
The composting facility 1 includes a composting house 10 for storing and storing compost materials. As shown in FIG. 3 and the like, the composting house 10 is a flat rectangular building built on a flat foundation 12, and for example, an outer wall 14 is formed by stacking concrete blocks (FIG. 3B). FIG. 4). The outer wall 14 of the composting house 10 is formed in a plane U shape, and one of the outer walls 14 (a portion corresponding to one short side of the rectangle) is opened. And the open part 15 of the outer wall 14 is used as a carrying-in port for the compost material and a fertilizing compost. A roof 16 is provided on the outer wall 14 to protect the compost material from rain.
Hereinafter, the description will be continued with the side having the open portion 15 in the composting house 10 as the front side of the composting house 10.
[0009]
A main drainage groove 18m is formed on the floor F of the composting house 10 along the outer wall 14 at the back of the composting house 10, and a plurality of pipes extending from the main drainage groove 18m to the front side of the composting house 10 (in FIG. 3). Four) branch drain grooves 18b are branched. The branch drain groove 18b is provided with an inclination that becomes lower as it approaches the back side of the compost house 10. As shown in FIG. 4, the main drainage groove 18 m is formed deeper than the branch drainage groove 18 b, and in a drainage pit 19 installed on the back of the compost building 10 across the outer wall 14 at the left end in FIG. 3. It is connected. The main drain groove 18m is provided with a slope that becomes lower as the drain pit 19 is approached.
[0010]
A ventilation blower 20 is installed next to the drainage pit 19 on the back of the composting house 10. A main ventilation pipe 22 is connected to the ventilation blower 20, and the main ventilation pipe 22 extends to the inside of the compost house 10 through the main drainage groove 18 m. In the main ventilation pipe 22, branch pipes 22s are formed at connection portions between the main drain grooves 18m and the branch drain grooves 18b, and branch ventilation pipes 24 are connected to the branch pipes 22s, respectively. The branch vent pipe 24 is disposed on the bottom surface of the branch drain groove 18b.
[0011]
As the main ventilation pipe 22, an alkali-resistant resin pipe (for example, a polyethylene pipe) or an alkali-resistant metal pipe (for example, a stainless pipe) is used. Further, as the branch ventilation pipe 24, an alkali-resistant resin pipe (for example, a polyethylene pipe or the like) having a ventilation hole formed in the outer peripheral wall, an alkali-resistant flexible network resin pipe, or a ventilation hole is formed in the outer peripheral wall. A metal pipe (for example, stainless steel pipe) is used. Here, as the branch ventilation pipe 24, it is preferable to use a net-like resin pipe having a vent hole area of about 67%.
That is, the air pressure-fed from the ventilation blower 20 is sent to the branch ventilation pipe 24 by the main ventilation pipe 22, and is released into the compost house 10 from the ventilation holes formed in the outer peripheral surface of the branch ventilation pipe 24.
[0012]
The main drain groove 18m is covered with a stainless steel lid so that the compost material in the compost house 10 does not enter the main drain groove 18m.
As shown in FIG. 1, a spacer (for example, crushed stone or gravel) is accommodated in the branch drain groove 18 b so as to cover the branch ventilation pipe 24. As the spacer 26, a spacer having a diameter of about 5 to 10 mm which is sufficiently larger than the vent hole of the branch vent pipe 24 is used. Instead of the spacers 26, resin beads can be used. The spacer 26 is accommodated up to the vicinity of the opening of the branch drainage groove 18b. That is, the layer of the spacer 26 corresponds to the granular layer of the present invention.
On the spacer 26, a perforated plate 28 having a through hole is disposed substantially horizontally. Here, the perforated plate 28 may be placed directly on the spacer 26, or a support member (not shown) is fixed to both side walls of the branch drainage groove 18b, and is disposed on the support member. Also good.
As the perforated plate 28, for example, a stainless plate having a thickness of about 5 mm and a through hole having a diameter of about 5 mm equally formed is preferably used.
[0013]
When the perforated plate 28 is formed of stainless steel or the like, it is difficult to form a through hole having a small diameter (for example, 2 mm in diameter), and thus a through hole of about 5 mm is formed. However, since rice husks and chip dust pass through through holes of about 5 mm, a flexible resin sheet 29 is laid on the porous plate 28. The resin sheet 29 is formed with an alkali-resistant resin (for example, polyethylene) to a thickness of about 30 mm, and has a thickness of about 2 mm so as to ensure ventilation and water passage without passing through compost materials, rice husks, and chip dust. It has a through hole. As the resin sheet 29, for example, a resin net formed of resin fibers with a mesh of about 2 mm is preferably used. Hereinafter, the resin sheet 29 is referred to as a resin net 29.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, the height of the resin net 29 is substantially equal to the level of the floor surface F of the compost house 10 in a state where the resin net 29 is disposed on the perforated plate 26. In the state where the compost material is deposited on the floor surface F of the compost house 10, the resin net 29 is placed on the floor surface F so that the height of the resin net 29 is substantially equal to the level of the floor surface F of the compost house 10. It can be made slightly higher.
Note that the resin net 29 may be omitted if a through-hole having a small diameter (for example, about 2 mm) can be formed as the porous plate 28 and a material having sufficient strength can be used.
That is, the perforated plate 28 corresponds to the metal layer of the compost support layer of the present invention, and the resin net 29 corresponds to the resin layer of the compost support layer of the present invention.
[0015]
Next, the operation of the composting facility 1 will be described.
First, a litter such as chip dust, sawdust and rice husk is laid on the floor surface F of the composting house 10 and the resin net 29 with a predetermined thickness, and livestock excrement, etc., which is compost material (illustrated in the figure). Not deposited). Next, the ventilation blower 20 is driven and air is pumped from the main ventilation pipe 22 to each branch ventilation pipe 24. The air pressure-fed to the branch vent pipe 24 is discharged from the vent holes formed on the outer peripheral surface of the branch vent pipe 24, passes through the granular layer of the spacer 26, and passes through the resin net 29 from the through hole of the porous plate 28. And then passed through the compost material deposited on the bedding. As a result, the compost material is dried and aerobic fermentation (composting) of the compost material is promoted.
[0016]
Further, the moisture (waste) from the compost material passes through the bedding and the resin net 29, passes through the granular layer of the spacer 26 from the through hole of the porous plate 28, and is composted by the branch drainage groove 18b and the main drainage groove 18m. 10 is led to a drainage pit 19 located behind the 10. Then, the waste juice guided to the drain pit 19 is sent to the waste water treatment device through a drain pipe (not shown). In this way, since the drainage can be guided to the drainage pit 19 by the branch drainage groove 18b and the main drainage groove 18m, the drainage does not flow out of the composting house 10 to contaminate the surroundings or cause deterioration of the environment.
[0017]
The compost material deposited on the floor surface F of the composting house 10 is sometimes agitated by a bobcat, a bucket loader or the like. At this time, even if the resin net 29 is caught on a bucket such as a bobcat or a bucket loader, the resin net 29 has flexibility, so that no major breakage occurs.
For example, when depositing compost material, the upper surface of the compost material may be pressed. In this case, the force for pressing the upper surface of the compost material is absorbed by the resin net 29 and the perforated plate 28, so that the branch ventilation pipe 24 is not damaged.
[0018]
As described above, in the composting facility 1 according to the present embodiment, the granular layer by the spacer 26 is provided around the branch ventilation pipe 24, and the structure in which the compost material hardly passes between the granular layer and the compost material. The compost supporting layers 28 and 29 having air permeability are disposed. Therefore, branch vent pipe 24 be used compost material such as watery livestock manure is hardly to put clogging, clogging is mainly generated in the compost supporting layers 28 and 29 (portions of the resin net 29) To do. Therefore, if the vent failure occurs, branch vent pipe 24 as it is west, or mainly washing the resin net 29, yo simply replacing Kunar. For this reason, maintenance of composting equipment becomes easy.
At this time, by removing the perforated plate 28, the resin net 29 having flexibility can be easily removed.
[0019]
Further, since the porous plate 28 is disposed on the granular layer of the spacer 26, the floor surface can be formed flat. Further, since the branch ventilation pipe 24 is embedded in a granular layer made of a spacer 26 larger than the ventilation hole, the spacer 26 such as crushed stone is not clogged in the ventilation hole of the branch ventilation pipe 24. Further, since crushed stone, gravel, etc. are used for the spacer 26, it is economical.
In the composting facility according to the present embodiment, an example in which the branch ventilation pipe 24 is directly disposed on the bottom surface of the branch drainage groove 18b has been shown. However, as shown in FIG. The material 32 may be fixed in the width direction, and the branch ventilation pipe 24 may be supported by the pipe support material 32. In this way, the lower side of the branch ventilation pipe 24 is not immersed in the drainage flowing through the branch drainage groove 18b.
[0020]
(Embodiment 2)
Hereinafter, the composting equipment according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The composting facility according to the present embodiment is a composting facility that does not use the branch drainage groove 18b described in the first embodiment, and the other structure is the same as the composting facility according to the first embodiment. For this reason, the members described in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
In the composting facility according to the present embodiment, a plurality of branch ventilation pipes 24 are arranged on the inclined plane FL, and a granular layer including spacers 26 is formed with a predetermined thickness so as to fill the branch ventilation pipes 24. Has been. Further, a porous plate 28 is laid on the granular layer, and a resin net 29 is laid on the porous plate 28. That is, the upper surface of the resin net 29 becomes the floor surface F of the composting house 10.
[0021]
The inclined plane FL is provided with an inclination that becomes lower as it approaches the back side of the composting house 10, and moisture (waste) that has passed through the resin net 29, the granular layer of the spacer 26, etc. It is led to the main drain groove 18m by the inclined plane FL. And it is led to the drainage pit 19 on the back of the compost house 10 by the main drainage groove 18m.
In this way, since the soup flows through almost the entire range of the inclined plane FL, the level of the soup does not increase, and the lower side of the branch ventilation pipe 24 is difficult to be immersed in the soup.
[0022]
(Embodiment 3)
Hereinafter, the composting equipment according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The composting facility according to the present embodiment has a structure in which the back half and the front half of the compost house 10 can be independently ventilated, and a plurality of compost houses 10 are provided.
The back half of the compost house 10 is vented by the first ventilation blower 20a, and the front half of the compost house 10 is vented by the second ventilation blower 20b. The main ventilation pipe 22 and the branch ventilation pipe 24 used for ventilation are the same types of pipes as used in the first and second embodiments.
[0023]
The branch ventilation pipe 24 may be embedded in the spacer 26 in the state of being housed in the branch drainage groove 18b as described in the first embodiment, or may be disposed on the inclined plane FL as described in the second embodiment. May be embedded in the spacer 26. Note that the porous plate 28 and the resin net 29 are disposed on the spacer 26 as in the first and second embodiments.
As described above, since the rear half and the front half of the composting house 10 can be independently ventilated, even if the composting house 10 is partially used, the efficiency is improved by stopping one of the ventilation blowers 20a and 20b. Ventilation can be performed.
[0024]
In the first embodiment, four branch ventilation pipes 24 are branched from the main ventilation pipe 22, and in the third embodiment, six branch ventilation pipes 24 are branched from the main ventilation pipe 22. The number of branches can be appropriately changed according to the floor shape of the composting house 10.
Moreover, in Embodiment 1 etc., although the main ventilation piping 22 was arrange | positioned in the width direction of the composting house 10, and the branch ventilation piping 24 was arrange | positioned in the front-back direction (front and back direction) of the composting building 10, the main ventilation piping was shown. It is also possible to arrange 22 in the front-rear direction of the compost house 10 and arrange the branch ventilation pipe 24 in the width direction of the compost house 10.
Further, the shape of the porous plate 28 and the resin net 29, the size of the holes, the positions of the holes, the number of the holes, and the like can be appropriately changed.
[0025]
【Effect of the invention】
According to the present invention, since clogging is mainly generated in the compost support layer, if the vent failure occurs, it is west ventilation pipe becomes well be primarily repaired only compost support layer, composting facilities Maintenance becomes easy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view (as viewed in the direction of arrow II in FIG. 3) of a composting house of a composting facility according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrows II-II in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view (A diagram) of the composting facility of the composting facility and a front view (FIG. B) of the composting facility of the composting facility.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a compost house of a composting facility.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a floor portion of another composting house of the composting facility.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a floor portion of a composting house of a composting facility according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a composting house of a composting facility according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Composting house 18m Main drainage groove 18b Branch drainage groove 22 Main ventilation pipe 24 Branch ventilation pipe 26 Spacer 28 Perforated plate (metal layer of compost support layer)
29 Resin net (resin layer of compost support layer)
FL inclined plane

Claims (2)

A composting facility for supplying air from the floor surface to compost material,
A ventilation pipe comprising a flexible mesh-like resin pipe, and having a ventilation hole for supplying air to the compost material;
A granular layer that is disposed around the vent pipe and is made of a spacer larger than the vent hole of the vent pipe;
A compost support layer that is disposed between the granular layer and the compost material, and has a structure in which the compost material is difficult to pass, and has air permeability;
The compost support layer is formed with a resin sheet in which a through-hole having a size that makes it difficult for the compost material to pass therethrough and a through-hole having a size larger than the size of the through-hole of the resin sheet, and supports the resin sheet from below Formed from a metal plate,
The ventilation pipe and the granular layer are grooves formed in the floor surface, and are disposed in a drainage groove connected to a drainage pit,
Further, the composting facility is characterized in that the compost support layer is accommodated in the drainage groove, and the height of the resin sheet of the compost support layer is equal to the level of the floor surface. The composting facility according to claim 1,
The composting facility, wherein the ventilation pipe, the resin sheet, and the metal plate are formed of an alkali-resistant material.

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