JP5132235B2 - Cutting method and cutting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting method and a cutting apparatus for cutting a concave portion or a convex portion on the surface of a workpiece using a cutting tool.

As a device or method for processing fine irregularities on the surface of a workpiece using a cutting tool, “a fine surface shape cutting device and a fine cutting method” disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.
This includes a first slide mechanism that carries a workpiece and reciprocates, a second slide mechanism that intermittently moves in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the first slide mechanism, A tool cutting mechanism for controlling the cutting depth of the cutting tool at high speed and finely in directions perpendicular to the movement axis of the second slide mechanism, and a position detector for generating a pulse signal according to the movement of the first slide mechanism. Configured.

  In order to machine a fine surface shape on the surface of the workpiece, the cutting depth of the cutting tool is increased by the tool cutting mechanism in synchronization with the pulse signal generated from the position detector during the forward movement of the first slide mechanism. When the first slide mechanism moves in the reverse direction, the cutting tool is retracted from the workpiece and the second slide mechanism is fed by a certain amount each time the first slide mechanism reciprocates once. Thereby, a fine surface shape can be processed on the surface of the workpiece.

JP 2006-123085 A

In the processing apparatus and the processing method disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, processing may not be possible depending on the processing shape of the workpiece.
Consider a case where a normal cutting tool (bite) 8 shown in FIG. 7 is used and a recess G having a substantially semicircular cross section is cut on the surface of the workpiece W as shown in FIG. The cutting tool 8 to be used has a front clearance angle (angle of the front clearance surface 8A with respect to the horizontal surface) γ, a rake angle (angle of the rake surface 8B with respect to the vertical surface) α (= 0 degrees), and a cutter angle (front clearance surface 8A). And the angle to the rake face 8B) is β.

When the shape side tangent angle δ (angle between the shape tangent and the surface of the workpiece W) of the recess G is larger than the front clearance angle γ of the cutting tool 8, the cutting tool 8 cuts into the workpiece W. When this occurs, the front flank 8 </ b> A of the cutting tool 8 interferes with a portion other than the recess G of the workpiece W. That is, when the shape tangent angle δ of the workpiece W is larger than the front clearance angle γ of the cutting tool 8, the front clearance surface 8A of the cutting tool 8 is transferred to the portion 9 other than the processing portion (concave portion G) of the workpiece W. There exists a subject that the recessed part G cannot be processed into a target shape correctly.
Moreover, such a problem is a problem that occurs not only when cutting a concave portion having a substantially semicircular cross section, but also when cutting a convex portion having a substantially semicircular cross section.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting method and a cutting apparatus capable of solving such problems and cutting a concave portion or a convex portion into a target shape even when the shape tangent angle of the workpiece increases. There is to do.

  As a result of studying the above problems, the present inventors firstly prevented the front flank of the cutting tool from interfering with the workpiece and being transferred to a portion other than the machining portion of the workpiece. Can be solved by making the front clearance angle of the cutting tool larger than the shape tangent angle of the workpiece. However, in this case, the blade angle becomes small, the strength as a cutting tool is lowered, and a durable cutting tool cannot be obtained.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, in order to maintain the blade angle β, if the cutting tool 8 having a negative rake angle α (the rake face 8B is inclined in the cutting direction with respect to the vertical plane) is used, the shape When the tangent angle is positive, the front flank 8A does not interfere with the work piece, so that the work piece can be processed accurately.
However, if this is done, the following new problem arises.

For example, when processing a recess, if the shape tangent angle is negative in the second half of the recess processing direction, the rake angle α of the cutting tool 8 becomes negative, so that the shear angle is reduced, so that burrs are generated. Challenges arise.
That is, as shown in FIG. 4, when the cutting tool 8 is cut into the workpiece W to process the recess G having a substantially semicircular cross section, the front clearance angle γ of the cutting tool 8 is set to the inlet side of the recess G, that is, the first half in the processing direction. If the side shape tangent angle δ1 is set larger than the front half of the concave portion G in the machining direction, the front clearance surface 8A does not interfere with portions other than the machining portion of the workpiece W, so that the concave portion G can be machined accurately.
However, as shown in FIG. 5, on the exit side of the recess G, that is, the latter half of the machining direction, the shape tangent angle δ2 of the latter half of the machining direction is negative and the rake angle of the cutting tool 8 is also negative. Decreases, and the problem that the burr 31 occurs occurs.

Also, when machining a convex part having a substantially semicircular cross section, if the front clearance angle γ of the cutting tool 8 is set larger than the shape tangent angle in the second half of the convex part in the machining direction, Since the front flank does not interfere with any part other than the processing part of the workpiece, the convex part can be processed accurately.
However, on the entrance side of the convex portion, that is, the first half of the machining direction, the shape tangent angle is negative, and the rake angle of the cutting tool 8 is also negative, so that the shear angle is reduced and reliable cutting cannot be performed. Occurs.

  In the present invention, in order to solve this problem, the concave or convex portion is cut by a reciprocating path using both surfaces of the cutting tool, that is, both the front flank surface and the rake surface. For example, in the case of recess processing, burrs generated in the outward processing are removed by the backward processing. Specifically, the cutting method and the cutting apparatus of the present invention employ the following configuration.

In the cutting method of the present invention, the angle between the first half tangent line in the machining direction and the workpiece surface, and the angle between the second half tangent line in the machining direction and the workpiece surface are substantially equal, and these shape tangent angles In a cutting method of cutting a concave or convex portion having a semicircular cross section of 20 ° or more, the rake angle of the rake face with respect to the tool axis is −5 ° to −70 °, and the front clearance angle is 20 ° to 60 °. With this cutting tool, the cutting amount in the tool axis direction of the cutting tool is changed at high speed, and the concave or convex portion is cut in the workpiece while moving the cutting tool along the surface outward path of the workpiece. After machining, without changing the posture of the cutting tool, the cutting amount in the tool axial direction of the cutting tool is changed at high speed, and the cutting tool is moved along the surface return path of the workpiece. Add to workpiece The processed concave or convex portion is cut again.

According to this configuration, since the cutting tool having a negative rake angle is used, the blade angle can be maintained even if the front clearance angle is increased, that is, the shape tangent angle of the workpiece is increased. Accordingly, the durability of the cutting tool can be maintained since the strength is not lowered.
Using such a cutting tool, first, the cutting amount of the cutting tool is changed at high speed, and the concave or convex portion is cut into the workpiece while moving the cutting tool along the surface outward path of the workpiece. To do.

For example, when machining the recess in the workpiece, the front clearance angle of the cutting tool can be larger than the tangent angle of the front half side shape of the recess in the machining direction, so that the front clearance surface is transferred by interference with the workpiece. There is no, and the first half side in the processing direction of the recess can be cut accurately.
Next, the cutting amount of the cutting tool is changed at a high speed, and the concave portion processed into the workpiece is cut again while moving the cutting tool along the surface return path of the workpiece. Thereby, since the burr | flash which generate | occur | produced in the outward path | route process can be removed in a return path | route process, even if the shape tangent angle of a workpiece becomes large, a recessed part can be cut into a target shape.

In addition, when machining the convex part on the workpiece, the front clearance angle of the cutting tool can be made larger than the shape tangent angle on the second half of the convex direction in the machining direction, so that the front clearance surface is transferred by interference with the workpiece. Therefore, it is possible to accurately cut the latter half of the convex portion in the machining direction.
Next, the cutting amount of the cutting tool is changed at a high speed, and the convex portion processed into the workpiece is cut again while moving the cutting tool along the surface return path of the workpiece. As a result, the burr generated in the forward path machining or the part that could not be machined can be removed in the backward path machining, so that even if the shape tangent angle of the workpiece increases, the convex portion can be cut into the target shape. it can.

Moreover, in the conventional processing, processing was performed only in the forward path, and the return path was a waste time only for the purpose of return, but in the cutting method of the present invention, processing is performed using the return time. An increase in processing time can be prevented.
In addition, since the cutting tool has a rake angle of -5 ° to -70 ° and a front clearance angle of 20 ° to 60 °, the cutting tool accurately processes even a shape where the shape tangent angle of the concave portion or the convex portion is 20 ° or more. be able to.
In particular, the shape of the concave or convex portion is such that the angle between the tangent line in the first half of the machining direction and the surface of the workpiece, and the angle between the tangent line in the latter half of the machining direction and the surface of the workpiece are substantially equal. It is suitable for cutting a concave portion or a convex portion having a semicircular cross section whose tangent angle is 20 ° or more. For example, it is suitable for processing a concave or convex portion having a hemispherical shape, a groove or convex portion having a semicircular cross section, or a concave or convex portion having a V-shaped or trapezoidal cross section.

In the cutting method of the present invention, in the forward path machining, the first half or the second half in the machining direction of the recess or projection is cut, and in the backward path, the remaining half of the recess or projection is cut. Is preferred.
For example, when machining the recess, if the rake angle of the cutting tool is made negative, it is difficult to cut into an accurate shape because the shear angle is reduced in the machining in the latter half of the recess machining direction in the forward path machining. According to the above configuration, about half of the front half of the recess in the processing direction is cut in the forward pass processing, and the remaining half of the recess is cut in the return pass processing, so that the recess can be cut accurately.

In the processing apparatus of the present invention, the angle between the first half shape tangent of the machining direction and the workpiece surface is substantially equal to the angle between the second half shape tangent of the machining direction and the workpiece surface, and these shape tangent angles are A cutting device that cuts a concave portion or a convex portion having a semicircular cross section of 20 ° or more, wherein the table and the cutting tool on which the workpiece is placed, and the table and the cutting tool are orthogonal to each other X Z-axis movement having an X-axis movement mechanism and a Y-axis movement mechanism that move relative to each other in the axis and Y-axis directions, and a cutting axis that moves the cutting tool back and forth in the Z-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis directions A mechanism, a reciprocating stage provided at the cutting shaft for changing the cutting amount of the cutting tool in the Z-axis direction at high speed, the X-axis moving mechanism, the Y-axis moving mechanism , and the Z-axis moving mechanism And the reciprocating stay In cutting and control means for controlling the drive of the cutting tool, the rake angle of the rake face with respect to the tool axis is -5 ° ~-70 °, the cutting tool before clearance angle 20 ° to 60 ° And the tool axis is attached to coincide with the Z-axis, and the control means changes the cutting amount of the cutting tool in the tool axis direction at a high speed, and the cutting tool is moved to the workpiece. While moving along the surface outward path, after cutting the concave or convex portion on the workpiece , without changing the posture of the cutting tool, the cutting amount in the tool axis direction of the cutting tool is changed at high speed, The concave portion or the convex portion processed into the workpiece is cut again while moving the cutting tool along the surface return path of the workpiece.

  According to this configuration, the driving of the X-axis movement mechanism, the Y-axis movement mechanism, and the Z-axis movement mechanism is controlled by the control unit. In other words, the workpiece and the cutting tool are relatively moved in the three-dimensional direction by each axis moving mechanism, and the reciprocating stage is driven so that the cutting tool advances and retreats by a preset cutting amount. Using the apparatus, the processing of the concave portion or the convex portion described in the processing method can be realized.

In the cutting apparatus according to the present invention, the reciprocating stage is configured by a piezoelectric element laminate in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are laminated.
According to this configuration, since the piezoelectric element laminate in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are laminated is used for the reciprocating stage, the cutting amount of the cutting tool can be controlled at high speed. Therefore, it is possible to process a fine shape on the surface of the workpiece with high accuracy and high finishing accuracy.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<Description of FIG. 1>
FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a cutting apparatus of the present invention. The cutting apparatus is provided with a base 1 and a work W as a workpiece on the upper surface, which is provided on the upper surface of the base 1 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction (direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. 1). A table 2, columns 3 erected on both sides of the base 1, a cross rail 4 spanned between the upper ends of the column 3, and a cross rail 4 provided so as to be movable in the X-axis direction The slider 5 includes a cutting shaft 6 provided on the slider 5 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and a cutting tool 8 attached to the cutting shaft 6 via a reciprocating stage 7.

  Between the base 1 and the table 2, a Y-axis drive mechanism 11 that moves the table 2 in the Y-axis direction is provided. An X-axis drive mechanism 12 that moves the slider 5 in the X-axis direction is provided between the cross rail 4 and the slider 5. Between the slider 5 and the cutting shaft 6, a Z-axis drive mechanism 13 that includes the cutting shaft 6 and moves the cutting shaft 6 in the Z-axis direction is provided. That is, the X-axis moving mechanism 12 and the Y-axis moving mechanism 11 that relatively move the table 2 on which the workpiece W is placed and the cutting tool 8 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions orthogonal to each other, and the cutting tool 8 as the X-axis and Y-axis. And a Z-axis moving mechanism 13 that moves back and forth in the Z-axis direction orthogonal to the direction. In addition, although these drive mechanisms 11, 12, and 13 are comprised by the ball screw feed mechanism etc., it is not restricted to this.

  The reciprocating stage 7 is provided between the cutting shaft 6 and the cutting tool 8, and any reciprocating stage 7 can change the cutting amount of the cutting tool 8, that is, the amount of advance / retreat in the Z-axis direction at high speed. Good. For example, it can be constituted by a piezoelectric element laminate in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are laminated. In addition, a linear motor or a voice coil can be used.

<Description of FIG. 2>
FIG. 2 shows a control system of the cutting apparatus. The system includes an NC device 21 as control means for controlling the X-axis drive mechanism 12, the Y-axis drive mechanism 11, the Z-axis drive mechanism 13, and the like, and a reciprocating stage 7 that receives a trigger signal from the NC device 21. Is provided with a reciprocating stage driving means 22 for driving the motor, an input device 23, and an output device 24.

  The NC device 21 stores a drive program for controlling the drive of the X-axis drive mechanism 12, the Y-axis drive mechanism 11, and the Z-axis drive mechanism 13, and the X-axis drive mechanism 12 and the Y-axis drive mechanism 11 according to these drive programs. In addition to controlling the drive of the Z-axis drive mechanism 13, a trigger signal is given to the reciprocating stage drive means 22 at a preset timing.

  The reciprocating stage driving means 22 stores driving data of the reciprocating stage 7 for processing the surface processed shape of the workpiece W, and when the trigger signal is received from the NC device 21, the stored driving data is converted into an analog voltage. This is converted and given to the reciprocating stage 7. Thereby, the cutting tool 8 is advanced and retracted by the preset cutting amount.

The input device 23 is configured by a keyboard or the like, but is not limited thereto.
The output device 24 is configured by a display device, a printer, or the like, but is not limited thereto.

<Description of FIG. 3>
FIG. 3 shows a cutting tool 8 used for recess processing.
In order to prevent the front flank 8 </ b> A from interfering with the workpiece W and being transferred to a portion other than the machining portion (concave portion G) of the workpiece W, the cutting tool 8 is configured to set the front clearance angle γ of the cutting tool 8 to the workpiece. The rake angle α is negative (the rake face 8B is a vertical plane , that is, in the cutting direction with respect to the tool axis) . The blade angle β is maintained.

Specifically, the cutting tool 8 is composed of a tool body and a cutting edge tip that is bonded and fixed to the tip of the tool body. The cutting edge tip has a front clearance angle (an angle of the front clearance surface 8A with respect to the horizontal plane) γ of 20. The rake angle (angle of the rake face 8B with respect to the vertical plane) α is -5 ° to -70 °, and the blade angle β is 75 ° to 80 °. Therefore, since the cutting tool 8 having a negative rake angle α is used, the blade angle β has an effect on the strength reduction even if the front clearance angle γ is increased, that is, larger than the shape tangent angle of the workpiece W. Can maintain no angle.
In this embodiment, a cutting tool 8 having a front clearance angle γ of 50 °, a rake angle α of 40 °, and a cutter angle β of 80 ° is used.

<Explanation of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6>
A description will be given of a case in which a concave portion G having a semicircular cross section (a concave portion G having a semicircular cross section having a tangent angle of 45 ° in the processing direction first half side and the second half in the processing direction) is cut at a constant pitch on the surface of the workpiece W. To do.
When the driving program is started by the NC device 21, the driving of the X-axis moving mechanism 12, the Y-axis moving mechanism 11, and the Z-axis moving mechanism 13 is controlled according to this driving program.

First, the cutting tool 8 is relatively moved from the first position in the X-axis direction (right position in FIG. 1) to the second position (left position in FIG. 1) by driving control of the X-axis moving mechanism 12 (outward path). Operation). In addition, after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the drive program (that is, when the cutting tool 8 has reached just above the machining position of the workpiece W), a trigger signal is given from the NC device 21 to the reciprocating stage drive means 22.
Then, the reciprocating stage driving means 22 receives the trigger signal from the NC device 21 and drives the reciprocating stage 7 so that the cutting tool 8 advances and retreats by a preset cutting amount. That is, the control is performed so that the cutting amount of the cutting tool 8 gradually increases and decreases after every predetermined period, and then is maintained constant. Thereby, the recessed part G which has a semicircular cross-sectional shape on the surface of the workpiece | work W is processed by a fixed pitch space | interval.

  At this time, in the process of cutting the recess G in the work W while the cutting tool 8 moves along the surface of the workpiece W (outward machining process), as shown in FIG. When cut into the surface, the front clearance angle γ of the cutting tool 8 is larger than the processing direction front half side shape tangent angle δ1 of the concave portion G, so that the front clearance surface 8A is a portion other than the processing portion (concave portion G) of the workpiece W. Accordingly, the entrance side of the recess G can be accurately cut without being transferred. Accordingly, the front half of the recess G in the machining direction, that is, about half of the inlet side can be accurately cut in the forward machining.

Eventually, as shown in FIG. 5, the cutting tool 8 reaches the second half in the machining direction of the recess G, that is, the outlet side. At this stage, since the shape tangent angle δ2 in the second half of the machining direction of the recess G is negative and the rake angle α of the cutting tool 8 is negative, the shear angle is reduced and the burr 31 is generated.
In order to solve this problem, the recess G is cut in a reciprocating path using both sides of the cutting tool 8, that is, both the front flank 8A and the rake face 8B. In other words, the burr 31 generated in the outward process is removed by the return process.

Specifically, after the cutting tool 8 is moved from the first position to the second position (forward movement) by the drive control of the X-axis moving mechanism 12, this time, the cutting tool 8 is moved from the second position. It is moved to the first position (return trip). After a lapse of a predetermined time from the start of the return path movement (that is, when the cutting tool 8 reaches just above the machining position of the workpiece W), a trigger signal is given from the NC device 21 to the reciprocating stage driving means 22.
Then, the reciprocating stage driving means 22 receives the trigger signal from the NC device 21 and drives the reciprocating stage 7 so that the cutting tool 8 advances and retreats by a preset cutting amount. As a result, the concave portion G having a semicircular cross section cut on the surface of the workpiece W is cut again.

At this time, in the process of cutting the recess G in the workpiece W while the cutting tool 8 moves along the surface return path of the workpiece W (return path machining process), as shown in FIG. When cut into the surface of the workpiece W, the front flank 8A of the cutting tool 8 cuts and removes the burrs 31 generated in the forward processing, and the remaining half of the concave portion G (the second half in the processing direction of the concave portion G). It is cut accurately. That is, the intersection of the forward path and the return path is set at a substantially intermediate position of the concave portion G where the shape tangent angle of the concave portion G is small.
In addition, if the angle formed by the rake face 8B and the horizontal plane is larger than the shape tangent angle δ2 in the latter half of the processing direction of the recess G, the rake face 8B will not be transferred to a portion other than the recess G. The concave portion G can be accurately machined even when the cutting tool 8 cuts the return path.

  Eventually, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the cutting tool 8 reaches the first half of the recess G in the machining direction. At this stage, since the movement trajectory of the cutting tool 8 is along the inner side of the shape of the recess G in the latter half of the machining direction, the recess G can be accurately maintained without affecting the shape of the recess G.

  In this way, after processing the recesses G on the surface of the workpiece W along the X-axis direction at a constant pitch, the Y-axis drive mechanism 11 is moved and positioned at a constant pitch, and the above operation can be repeated at this position. For example, the recesses G can be processed at a constant pitch over the entire surface of the workpiece W. That is, the uneven shape can be processed over the entire surface of the workpiece W.

<Effect of embodiment>
In the present embodiment, the following effects can be expected.
(1) Since the cutting tool 8 having a negative rake angle α is used, even if the front clearance angle γ is increased, that is, the tangent angle δ1 of the workpiece W is larger than the tangent angle δ1 in the processing direction, β can be maintained. Therefore, since the strength reduction of the cutting tool 8 is small, durability can be maintained.

(2) Further, using the cutting tool 8 having a negative rake angle α and a large front clearance angle γ, first, the cutting amount of the cutting tool 8 is changed at a high speed, and the cutting tool 8 is moved to the surface of the workpiece W. The concave portion G is cut in the workpiece W while being moved along. At this time, since the front clearance angle γ of the cutting tool 8 can be larger than the processing direction front half side shape tangent angle δ1 of the recess G, the front clearance surface 8A does not interfere with the workpiece W and is not transferred. The first half of the machining direction can be accurately cut.

(3) Next, the cutting amount of the cutting tool 8 is changed at high speed, and the concave portion G processed into the workpiece W is cut again while the cutting tool 8 is moved along the surface return path of the workpiece W. Accordingly, since the burr 31 generated in the forward path machining can be removed in the backward path machining, the concave portion G can be cut into the target shape even when the shape tangent angle δ1 of the first half side in the machining direction of the workpiece W is increased.
In addition, in the conventional processing, the processing is performed only in the forward path, and the return path is a waste time only for the purpose of returning. However, since the processing is performed using the return time, it is possible to prevent an increase in the processing time. .

(4) In the forward process, about half of the front half of the recess G in the processing direction is cut, and in the backward process, the remaining half of the recess G is cut, so that the recess G can be accurately cut. In other words, if the rake angle α of the cutting tool 8 is negative, in the forward path machining, the cutting of the recess G in the latter half of the machining direction will reduce the shear angle, making it difficult to cut into an accurate shape. According to the above, since the concave portion G is cut by half in the forward path processing and the backward path processing, the concave portion G can be accurately cut.

(5) The cutting tool 8 has a rake angle α in the range of −5 ° to −70 ° and a front clearance angle γ in the range of 20 ° to 60 °. A shape in which the side shape tangent angle δ1 is 20 degrees or more, for example, a cross section in which the first half shape tangent angle δ1 in the machining direction is substantially equal to the second half shape tangent δ2 in the machining direction and the shape tangent angle is 20 ° or more. It is suitable for cutting the recess G having a semicircular shape. For example, it is suitable for processing a hemispherical recess or a groove having a semicircular cross section.

(6) Moreover, since the piezoelectric element laminated body which laminated | stacked the several piezoelectric element was used for the reciprocating stage 7, the cutting amount of the cutting tool 8 can be controlled at high speed. Therefore, a fine shape can be processed on the surface of the workpiece W with high accuracy and high finishing accuracy.

<Modification>
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and modifications, improvements, and the like within the scope that can achieve the object of the present invention are included in the present invention.
In the said embodiment, although the example which cuts the recessed part G of a cross-sectional semicircle shape was shown, it is not necessarily restricted to this example. For example, it is suitable for processing a recess having a V-shaped or trapezoidal cross section.

Moreover, it is applicable not only to a recessed part but to the cutting process of a convex part.
For example, when machining a convex portion having a substantially semicircular cross section, if the front clearance angle γ of the cutting tool 8 is set larger than the shape tangent angle in the second half of the convex direction in the machining direction, Since the front flank 8A does not interfere with a portion other than the processing portion of the workpiece W, the convex portion can be processed accurately. However, on the entrance side of the convex portion, that is, the first half of the machining direction, the shape tangent angle is negative and the rake angle α of the cutting tool 8 is also negative, so that the shear angle is reduced and reliable cutting cannot be performed. Challenges arise.

Even in such a case, the front clearance angle γ of the cutting tool 8 can be made larger than the shape tangent angle on the second half in the machining direction of the convex portion, and therefore, the front clearance surface 8A is transferred by interference with the workpiece W in the forward path. There is no, and it is possible to accurately cut the latter half of the convex portion in the machining direction.
Next, while changing the cutting amount of the cutting tool 8 at high speed, the convex part processed into the workpiece W is cut again while moving the cutting tool 8 along the surface return path of the workpiece W. As a result, the burr generated in the forward path machining or the part that could not be machined can be removed in the backward path machining, so that even if the shape tangent angle of the workpiece W increases, the convex portion can be cut into the target shape. .

  In the above embodiment, the table 2 is configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction and the cutting tool 8 is configured to be movable in the X-axis direction. However, a configuration opposite to this may be used. That is, the table 2 may be configured to be movable in the X-axis direction, and the cutting tool 8 may be configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction. Alternatively, any one of the table 2 and the cutting tool 8 may be configured to be movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

In the above embodiment, while the cutting tool 8 is moved in the X-axis direction by the X-axis drive mechanism 12, the reciprocating stage 7 is driven to control the cutting amount of the cutting tool 8. 11, the reciprocating stage 7 may be driven while the cutting tool 8 is moved in the Y-axis direction to control the cutting amount of the cutting tool 8.
Alternatively, the cutting amount of the cutting tool 8 is controlled by driving the reciprocating stage 7 while simultaneously moving the cutting tool 8 in the X and Y axis directions by the X axis driving mechanism 12 and the Y axis driving mechanism 11. May be.

  Although the said embodiment demonstrated the processing method which processes the recessed part G on the surface of the workpiece | work W with a fixed pitch space | interval, it is not restricted to this. For example, the present invention can be applied to a case where a concave portion or a convex portion is irregularly processed on the surface of the workpiece W.

  The present invention can be used for, for example, processing of a microlens molding die in which fine concave portions or convex portions are arranged at a constant pitch interval on the surface of a workpiece.

The front view which shows one Embodiment of the cutting device of this invention. The block diagram which shows the control system of embodiment same as the above. The figure which shows a cutting tool in embodiment same as the above. The figure which shows the process initial stage of an outward process in embodiment same as the above. The figure which shows the process end of an outward process in embodiment same as the above. The figure which shows a return path process in embodiment same as the above. The figure which shows the conventional general cutting tool. The figure which shows the state which processes a recessed part using a general cutting tool.

Explanation of symbols

2 ... Table,
6 ... Infeed shaft,
7 ... reciprocating stage,
8 ... Cutting tools,
11 ... Y-axis drive mechanism,
12 ... X-axis drive mechanism,
13 ... Z-axis drive mechanism,
21 ... NC device (control means),
W ... Workpiece (workpiece)
G ... recess α ... rake angle,
β ... Cut angle,
γ ... Front clearance angle,
δ1 ... The first half side shape tangent angle in the processing direction,
δ2 ... Shape tangent angle in the latter half of the machining direction.

Claims (4)

Cross-sectional semicircle in which the angle between the first half tangent line in the machining direction and the workpiece surface is substantially equal to the angle between the second half tangent line in the machining direction and the workpiece surface, and these shape tangent angles are 20 ° or more In a cutting method for cutting a concave portion or a convex portion having a shape ,
Using a cutting tool having a rake angle of the rake face with respect to the tool axis of -5 ° to -70 ° and a front clearance angle of 20 ° to 60 ° ,
After changing the cutting amount in the tool axis direction of the cutting tool at a high speed and cutting the concave or convex portion on the workpiece while moving the cutting tool along the surface outward path of the workpiece,
Without changing the posture of the cutting tool, the cutting amount in the tool axis direction of the cutting tool is changed at high speed, and the cutting tool is moved along the surface return path of the workpiece, and the workpiece is processed. Cutting the recessed portion or protruding portion again,
The cutting method characterized by the above-mentioned. The cutting method according to claim 1,
In the forward path machining, the first half of the machining direction or the second half of the machining direction of the concave part or convex part is cut,
In the return path machining, the remaining half of the concave portion or convex portion is cut. Cross-sectional semicircle in which the angle between the first half tangent line in the machining direction and the workpiece surface is substantially equal to the angle between the second half tangent line in the machining direction and the workpiece surface, and these shape tangent angles are 20 ° or more A cutting device for cutting a concave portion or a convex portion having a shape,
A table and a cutting tool which is placed the workpiece,
An X-axis moving mechanism and a Y-axis moving mechanism for relatively moving the table and the cutting tool in the X-axis and Y-axis directions orthogonal to each other;
A Z-axis moving mechanism having a cutting axis for moving the cutting tool back and forth in the Z-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis and Y-axis directions;
A reciprocating stage that is provided on the cutting shaft and changes the cutting amount of the cutting tool in the Z-axis direction at a high speed;
In a cutting apparatus provided with a control means for controlling driving of the X-axis moving mechanism, the Y-axis moving mechanism , the Z-axis moving mechanism, and the reciprocating stage ,
As the cutting tool, a cutting tool having a rake angle of -5 ° to -70 ° and a front clearance angle of 20 ° to 60 ° with respect to the tool axis is used, and the tool axis coincides with the Z axis. Attached,
The control means changes the cutting depth in the tool axis direction of the cutting tool at a high speed, and cuts the concave portion or the convex portion on the workpiece while moving the cutting tool along the surface outward path of the workpiece. After that, without changing the posture of the cutting tool, while changing the cutting amount of the cutting tool in the tool axis direction at a high speed and moving the cutting tool along the surface return path of the workpiece, A cutting apparatus configured to cut the concave portion or the convex portion processed into an object again. In the cutting device according to claim 3 ,
The reciprocating stage is constituted by a piezoelectric element laminate in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are laminated.

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