JP5116240B2 - Welded joining method for welded members, welded joined body and railway vehicle structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of joining members to be welded to obtain a welded joint welded using a laser, and a welded joint and railcar structure for welding a member to be joined using a laser. The present invention relates to a joining method of a member to be joined excluding a recess caused by underfill without dropping, a welded joined body, and a railway vehicle structure.

For the production of vehicle bodies such as railway vehicles and automobiles, for example, MIG welding or friction stir welding is used for joining members to be joined such as aluminum alloy plates. However, in MIG welding, the heat input to the members to be joined increases, and the effect of distortion on welding becomes large when joining plate members having a thickness of several millimeters. On the other hand, friction stir welding is preferable because distortion due to welding is small because the amount of heat input is small, but the welding speed is similar to MIG automatic welding and cannot be increased, and it is difficult to reduce the manufacturing cost. . Further, in the friction stir welding, for example, when the member to be joined is a hollow extruded shape, it is necessary to ensure the strength and rigidity of the joint that can withstand the load from the rotary tool at the time of construction. Therefore, at present, laser welding is expected as a joining method for suppressing high-speed joining and accompanying heat input to the joint. Laser welding is also expected to reduce the weight of railway vehicles and the like because there is no weight increase to ensure the strength of the joint.
JP-A-11-104867 JP 2004-181476 A

However, when laser welding is used for joining the members to be joined, there is a problem that an underfill occurs in the welded portion. The underfill generated in the welded portion has a concern that the strength may be lowered because the concave portion on the surface impairs the appearance and stress concentration occurs in that portion. Therefore, it is desirable not to cause underfill in the welded portion.
For example, when a distance as long as 20 to 25 m is joined as in a railway vehicle, a gap is formed in the joining line where the joining end faces are overlapped, and the melted material flows and the underfill is likely to occur. In view of this, it is conceivable to increase the dimensional accuracy of the joint end face of the outer plate so as not to cause a gap. However, this increases the manufacturing cost and loses the merit of laser welding.

The merit of laser welding is to increase the welding speed, but underfill is likely to occur when the laser output is large. For this reason, if the laser output is suppressed in consideration of underfill, the welding speed decreases accordingly, and the merit of performing laser welding is lost.
Furthermore, in order to prevent underfill, it is possible to supply a large amount of filler metal using hybrid welding combining laser welding, TIG welding, and MIG welding. In other words, as shown in FIG. 7, the surplus 220 is formed in the welded portion 210 of the members to be joined 201 and 202. However, even though this can suppress the occurrence of underfill, the welding speed is lowered to melt the filler material, and the merit of using the laser is lost.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a joining method of a member to be joined, a welded joined body, and a railway vehicle structure that eliminates the influence of underfill without lowering the welding speed in order to solve such a problem.

The welding method for joining members to be joined according to the present invention is a welding method in which the joining end faces of the joining members are butted and irradiated with a laser beam along a joining line where the joining end faces overlap each other, thereby welding the joined members together. A bonded end surface for obtaining a joined body, having a protruding portion protruding to the laser irradiation side with a dimension equal to or larger than a cutting portion for removing a concave portion due to underfill to an end portion of a member to be bonded, and the protruding portion By irradiating a laser beam along the joining line at a position higher than the surface of the member to be welded, and cutting the protruding part beyond the depth of the concave part due to the underfill formed in the welded part after welding of the parts to be joined And the junction surface is made flat.
Moreover, it is preferable that the welding method of the to-be-joined member which concerns on this invention is the hybrid welding which the said welding combined laser welding or TIG welding or MIG welding.

The welded joint according to the present invention is such that the joining end faces of the members to be joined are abutted and a laser beam is irradiated along the joining line where the joining end faces overlap each other, whereby the parts to be joined are welded. The member to be joined is formed with a projecting portion projecting to the laser irradiation side with a dimension larger than the cutting amount for removing the recess due to the underfill at the joint portion where the joining end surfaces are butted together and welded. The joint portion thus welded is characterized in that the protruding portion has a surface that is flattened by cutting part or all of the protruding portion in the thickness direction.

In addition, the welded joint according to the present invention is a joint portion in which the protruding portion is formed with a thickness obtained by adding a thickness necessary for the strength of welding and a cut for removing a concave portion due to underfill, It is preferable that the welded joint portion has a thickness excluding the cut portion .
Further, the welding assembly according to the present invention, the projecting portion, and the lower of the thickness required on the strength, consists of two stages of upper to be cutting portion for removing recess caused by underfill, welded Further, it is preferable that the joint portion has a surface in which the upper portion thereof is flattened by cutting part or all in the thickness direction.
Further, in the welded assembly according to the present invention, the member to be joined is a hollow extrusion mold material, and the protruding portion is formed at a joint portion where the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate are butted and welded, and the laser beam is irradiated. It is preferable that the joint portion welded in this way has a surface in which the protruding portion is flattened by removing a part or all of the protruding portion in the thickness direction.

In the structure for a railway vehicle according to the present invention, the members to be joined having a predetermined width and long in the vehicle body direction are abutted in the circumferential direction, and adjacent members to be joined are irradiated along the joining line in which the joining end surfaces are overlapped. and be comprised are welded by the laser beam, the workpieces are in the joint portion joining end face is welded are butted, the dimensions of the above cutting amount for removing recess by underfill to the laser irradiation side are protrusions out thrust is formed, characterized in that joint portions where the laser beam is welded by irradiation are those having part or all became flattened scraped surface in the thickness direction protrusions And
Further, in the railway vehicle structure according to the present invention, the member to be joined is a hollow extruded shape member , the protrusion is formed at a joint portion where the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate are butted and welded, and the laser beam is It is preferable that the joint portion irradiated and welded has a surface in which the protrusion is flattened by partly or entirely scraping off in the thickness direction.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, since the protrusion is cut to flatten the surface of the weld, no special measures are taken to prevent the occurrence of underfill. Will not be reduced. And even if a concave portion is produced in the weld due to underfill, the welded joint and the railway vehicle structure obtained by the joining method of the joined members are excellent in appearance in order to make a flat surface by a simple cutting operation. In addition, it is possible to avoid stress concentration at the weld.

Next, an embodiment of a method for joining members to be joined, a welded joined body, and a railway vehicle structure according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
First, as shown in FIG. 6, the railway vehicle structure 100 is constructed by joining a side structure 101, a roof structure 102, and a frame 103 in the circumferential direction, and a wife structure 104 at the end in the longitudinal direction. The side structure 101 and the roof structure 102 are joined by, for example, a hollow extruded shape member 110 and an outer plate that have a predetermined width and are long in the vehicle body direction but are butted in the width direction (circumferential direction). The hollow extruded shape members 110 that are members to be joined are joined to each other, the joining end portions thereof are abutted, and welding is performed on the joining lines 111 that are 20 to 25 m in length of the vehicle body. In the present embodiment, laser welding or hybrid welding using both laser welding and MIG welding or TIG welding is used.

  Here, FIG. 8 is a view showing a conventional joint portion subjected to, for example, laser welding. As shown in FIG. 8A, the welded portions of the members to be joined 301 and 302 are merely abutted end faces, and welding is performed by irradiating a laser beam along a joining line where the abutting end faces are continuous. Is called. Then, the material of the joint portion 303 melts and flows, and as shown in FIG. 8B, a recess 305 is formed by underfill. This is not preferable because the concave portion 305 on the product surface impairs the appearance and lowers strength, but attempts to suppress the occurrence of underfill have other negative factors such as a reduction in welding speed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a welded joined body or a railway vehicle structure that does not have a concave portion due to underfill in the welded portion is provided by executing the following joining method of the members to be joined.

  Drawing 1 is a figure showing the joining method of the member to be joined of a 1st embodiment, and is the figure showing the joint part of the welded joined object obtained by the joining method. The members to be joined 11 and 12 are, for example, outer plates constituting a side structure of a railway vehicle structure, and FIG. 1 shows a joint portion thereof. That is, the ends of the members to be joined 11 and 12 are shown, and the joint portion is formed with a protruding portion 13 having a large thickness as shown in the figure. The end surface is a vertical surface, the members to be joined 11 and 12 are abutted, and laser welding or hybrid welding is performed along a joining line 14 in a longitudinal direction (a direction penetrating the drawing) formed by the overlapping.

  The protruding portion 13 protrudes by a predetermined amount toward the upper side irradiated with the laser beam. The thickness of the protruding portion 13 is a thickness necessary for the strength of the structure and a cutting portion for cutting the surface. That is, considering the strength reduction due to welding, the thickness t11 necessary for strength including the plate thickness of the members 11 and 12 to be joined, and the cutting portion for cutting the concave portion caused by the underfill to obtain a finished surface are provided. This is a thickness obtained by adding the considered thickness t12.

  When welding is performed by irradiating a laser beam along the joining line 14 of the members 11 and 12 to be joined, the material of the welded portion 16 melts and flows as shown in FIG. A recess 15 is formed. As described above, the laser-welded welded portion 16 has a thickness for the protruding portion 13 to ensure welding strength. However, if the concave portion 15 exists, stress concentration occurs there, and there is a possibility that an influence will occur. Therefore, in this embodiment, no special means for preventing the occurrence of underfill is taken, and when the concave portion 15 is generated by the underfill, the upper surface of the protruding portion 13 is cut by the thickness t12 to be flat. Make corrections to. Therefore, the thickness t12 included as the thickness of the protrusion 13 is set to be equal to or greater than the depth of the recess 15 caused by the underfill.

Therefore, according to the joining method of the members to be joined according to the present embodiment, since the occurrence of underfill is not prevented, there is no negative factor for suppressing the welding speed, and it is possible to enjoy the merit of increasing the welding speed by the laser. it can. Therefore, when the railway vehicle assembly 100 shown in FIG. 6 is constituted by the welded joint 10 having the welded portion 16 as shown in FIG. 1C, it contributes to the cost reduction from the reduction of the manufacturing time.
Even if the recess 15 is generated by the underfill, the flat finish surface 17 is obtained by a simple grinding operation, and the appearance is excellent. In addition, stress concentration of the welded portion 16 can be avoided.

  Next, FIG. 2 is a view showing a joining method of members to be joined according to the second embodiment, and is a view showing a joint portion of a welded joined body obtained by the joining method. The members to be joined 21 and 22 are, for example, outer plates constituting a side structure of a railway vehicle structure, and FIG. 2 shows a joint portion thereof. As shown in the figure, a thickened protrusion 23 is formed at the joint portion at the end of the joined members 21 and 22. The protrusion 23 protrudes by a predetermined amount toward the upper side irradiated with the laser beam. However, in the present embodiment, the protruding amount of the protruding portion 23 is only the thickness t22 of the cutting portion for removing the concave portion caused by the underfill. In this embodiment, the thickness t21 of the members 21 and 22 to be joined is sufficient for the structurally necessary strength.

  The members to be joined 21 and 22 are brought into contact with each other at their vertical ends, and laser welding or hybrid welding is performed along a joining line 24 formed by superimposing them. In the welded portion 26 formed by irradiating the laser beam, the material melts and flows as shown in FIG. 2B, and a recess 25 due to underfill is generated there. Therefore, the protrusion 23 formed in preparation for the generation of the recess 25 is scraped off, and the surface of the joint portion becomes flat.

Therefore, since the occurrence of underfill is not prevented even in the joining method of the members to be joined according to the present embodiment, there is no negative factor for suppressing the welding speed, and the merit of increasing the welding speed by the laser can be enjoyed. Then, when the railcar structure 100 shown in FIG. 6 is configured by the welded joint body 20 having the welded portion 26 as shown in FIG. 2C, it contributes to cost reduction because of shortening the manufacturing time.
Furthermore, even if the recess 25 is generated due to the underfill, the flat finish surface 27 is obtained by a simple grinding operation, so that the appearance is excellent, and in addition, stress concentration in the welded portion 26 can be avoided.

  Next, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a joining method of members to be joined according to the third embodiment, and is a diagram showing a joint portion of a welded joint obtained by the joining method. The members to be joined 31 and 32 are, for example, outer plates constituting a side structure of a railway vehicle structure, and FIG. 3 shows a joint portion thereof. As shown in the figure, the joint portion at the end of the members to be joined 31 and 32 is formed with a protruding portion 33 that is thick. The protruding portion 33 protrudes by a predetermined amount toward the upper side irradiated with the laser beam. And especially the protrusion part 33 of this embodiment is comprised in two steps, the lower step 33a for obtaining strength required for the structure, and the upper step 33b for cutting the depth of the recess caused by the underfill. . The lower stage 33a is a wall thickness t31 including the plate thickness of the members to be joined 31, 32, and the upper stage 33b is a wall thickness t32 with a margin for cutting.

  The members to be joined 31 and 32 are brought into contact with each other at their vertical ends, and laser welding or hybrid welding is performed along a joining line 34 formed by superimposing them. As shown in FIG. 3B, the material melts and flows in the weld 36 formed by the laser beam irradiation, and a recess 35 is formed by underfill. Therefore, the upper stage 33b of the projecting portion 33 formed in preparation for the generation of the recess 35 is scraped according to the depth of the recess 35, and the upper surface becomes flat.

Therefore, since the occurrence of underfill is not particularly prevented even in the joining method of the members to be joined according to the present embodiment, there is no negative factor for suppressing the welding speed, and it is possible to enjoy the merit of increasing the welding speed by laser welding. . Then, when the railway vehicle assembly 100 shown in FIG. 6 is configured by the welded joint 30 having the welded portion 36 as shown in FIG. 3C, it contributes to the cost reduction from the reduction of the manufacturing time.
Further, even if the concave portion 35 is generated by the underfill, the appearance is excellent because the flat finished surface 37 is formed by a simple grinding operation, and in addition, stress concentration of the welded portion 36 can be avoided.

By the way, as for the welding joined body 30, the intensity | strength of the welding part 36 is compensated by the lower step 33a among the protrusion parts 33. FIG. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the upper stage 33b is left after the correction for the projecting part 33 formed in two stages, but the strength of the welded part 36 can be further ensured by the remaining of the upper stage 33b.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the entire upper stage 33 b may be scraped off. By doing in this way, since it should just cut along the upper surface of the lower stage 33a, confirmation of the correction position becomes easy. Further, since the thickness t32 of the upper stage 33b is sufficiently thicker than that of the concave portion 35, the cutting position becomes shallow and the concave portion 35 is not left.

Next, FIG. 5 is a view showing a joining method of members to be joined according to the fourth embodiment, and is a view showing a joint portion of a welded joint obtained by the joining method. The members to be joined 41 and 42 are, for example, hollow extruded shapes constituting a side structure of a railway vehicle structure, and FIG. 5 shows a joint portion thereof. The members to be joined 41 and 42 are hollow extruded shapes having the same configuration, and an upper surface plate 51 and a lower surface plate 52 are both arranged substantially in parallel, and oblique ribs 53 are provided so as to connect the two. Further, as shown in the joined member 42, the upper right side plate 51 and the lower side plate 52 are free ends, and the left side end portion of the drawing is shown in the joined member 41. As shown in FIG.

  The right end portions of the upper surface plate 51 and the lower surface plate 52 are formed with joint portions 55 and 56 formed to be thick, and the left and right end portions are joint portions 57 and 58 having convex portions protruding from the vertical ribs 54. Is formed. The joint portions 57 and 58 are fitting receiving portions so that the joint portions 55 and 56 abutted against the end surfaces of the upper surface plate 51 and the lower surface plate 52 are fitted as shown in the figure. The joint portions 55, 56, 57, 58 are formed with a protruding portion 59 that protrudes to the outside of the upper surface plate 51 or the lower surface plate 52 irradiated with the laser beam. The protruding amount of the protruding portion 59 is the thickness of the cutting portion that cuts off the depth of the concave portion caused by the underfill. The structurally necessary strength is ensured by the thickness of the fitted joint portions 55, 56, 57, and 58.

  As shown in the drawing, the joint portions 55 and 57 and the joint portions 56 and 58 are fitted together, the vertical end surfaces are abutted against each other, and laser welding or hybrid welding is performed along the joining line 60 formed by the overlapping. As shown in FIG. 5B, the material melts and flows in the welded portion 61 formed by irradiating the laser beam, and a concave portion 62 due to underfill is formed. Therefore, the protruding portion 59 formed in preparation for the generation of the concave portion 62 is scraped off, and the upper surface plate 51 and the lower surface plate 52 of the members to be joined 41 and 42 are connected by flat surfaces.

Therefore, in the method of joining the members to be joined according to the present embodiment, in particular, no means for preventing the occurrence of underfill is taken, so there is no negative factor for suppressing the welding speed, and the advantage of increasing the welding speed by the laser can be enjoyed. Can do. And when the railway vehicle assembly 100 shown in FIG. 6 is constituted by the welded joint body 40 having the welded portion 61 as shown in FIG. 5 (c), it contributes to the cost reduction from the reduction of the manufacturing time.
Furthermore, even if the concave portion 62 is generated due to the underfill, the flat finished surface 63 is formed by a simple grinding operation, so that the appearance is excellent, and in addition, stress concentration of the welded portion 61 can be avoided.

As mentioned above, although embodiment was described about the joining method of the to-be-joined member concerning this invention, a welded joined body, and the structure for rail vehicles, this invention is not limited to this, Various in the range which does not deviate from the meaning. It can be changed.
For example, although the welding of the members to be joined constituting the railway vehicle structure has been described in the above embodiment, the one made of the welded joint made by welding the members to be joined may be an automobile or an aircraft.

It is the figure which showed the joining method of the to-be-joined member of 1st Embodiment, and was the figure which showed the joint part of the welded joined body obtained by the joining method. It is the figure which showed the joining method of the to-be-joined member of 2nd Embodiment, and is the figure which showed the joint part of the welded joined body obtained by the joining method. It is the figure which showed the joining method of the to-be-joined member of 3rd Embodiment, and was the figure which showed the joint part of the welded joined body obtained by the joining method. It is the figure which showed the joint part of the welded assembly obtained by the joining method of the to-be-joined member of 3rd Embodiment. It is the figure which showed the joining method of the to-be-joined member of 4th Embodiment, and is the figure which showed the joint part of the welded joined body obtained by the joining method. It is the perspective view which showed the railway vehicle structure. It is the figure which showed the joint part which formed the surplus in the welding part of the to-be-joined member. It is the figure which showed the conventional joint part in which the recessed part by the underfill was made in the welding part.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Welded assembly 11, 12 To-be-joined member 13 Protrusion part 14 Joining line 15 Recessed part 16 Welded part 17 Finish surface

Claims (8)

In the welding joining method for obtaining a welded joint obtained by butting the joining end faces of the joined members, irradiating a laser beam along the joining line where the joining end faces overlap each other, and thereby welding the joined members,
The end face of the member to be joined is abutted with the joining end face having a protruding part that protrudes to the laser irradiation side with a dimension equal to or larger than the cutting amount for removing the recess due to underfill ,
Irradiate a laser beam along the joining line at a position higher than the surface of the member to be joined by the protrusion,
After welding of the members to be joined, the welded portion of the members to be welded is characterized in that the protruding portion is cut beyond the depth of the recess due to the underfill formed in the welded portion so that the surface of the joined portion is flattened. Method. In the welding joining method of the to-be-joined member of Claim 1,
Said welding is laser welding or hybrid welding which combined laser welding and TIG welding or MIG welding, The welding joining method of the to-be-joined member characterized by the above-mentioned. In the welded joined body in which the joining end surfaces of the members to be joined are abutted and a laser beam is irradiated along the joining line where the joining end surfaces overlap each other, and the members to be joined are welded to each other. In the joint part to be welded by butting the end faces, a protruding part protruding to the laser irradiation side is formed with a dimension equal to or greater than the cutting amount for removing the recess due to underfill ,
A joint part welded by irradiation with a laser beam is a welded joint characterized in that the protrusion has a flattened surface partly or entirely cut in the thickness direction. In the welded assembly according to claim 3,
The joint portion on which the protrusion is formed has a thickness obtained by adding a thickness necessary for welding strength and a cut amount for removing a concave portion due to underfill, and the welded joint portion reduces the cut amount. A welded joint characterized by having a wall thickness excluded. In the welded assembly according to claim 3,
The projecting portion is composed of two stages, a lower stage having a thickness necessary for strength and an upper stage serving as a cutting part for removing a recess caused by underfill, and the welded joint part has a thickness on the upper stage. A welded joint having a flat surface obtained by cutting a part or all of a direction. In the welded assembly according to claim 3,
The member to be joined is a hollow extruded shape , and the protruding portion is formed at a joint portion where the upper surface plates and the lower surface plates are butted together and welded,
The joint part welded by irradiation with a laser beam is a welded joint characterized in that the protrusion has a flattened surface partly or entirely cut off in the thickness direction. A rail vehicle in which a member to be joined having a predetermined width and being long in the vehicle body direction is abutted in the circumferential direction, and adjacent members to be joined are welded by a laser beam irradiated along a joining line in which the joining end surfaces are overlapped. In the structure
Wherein the bonded member is a joint portion joining end face is welded are butted, protrusions out mintues dimension than the cutting component for removing recess by underfill to the laser irradiation side is formed,
A railcar structure according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion welded by being irradiated with the laser beam has a flat surface obtained by scraping part or all of the protruding portion in the thickness direction. The structure for a railway vehicle according to claim 7,
The member to be joined is a hollow extruded shape , and the protruding portion is formed at a joint portion where the upper surface plates and the lower surface plates are butted together and welded,
A joint for a railway vehicle, characterized in that a joint portion irradiated with a laser beam and welded has a flattened surface by partially or entirely scraping off the protruding portion in the thickness direction.

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