JP5114589B2 - 窒素冷却型ガスタービンを持つ統合ガス化複合サイクル・システム - Google Patents
窒素冷却型ガスタービンを持つ統合ガス化複合サイクル・システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5114589B2 JP5114589B2 JP2011231207A JP2011231207A JP5114589B2 JP 5114589 B2 JP5114589 B2 JP 5114589B2 JP 2011231207 A JP2011231207 A JP 2011231207A JP 2011231207 A JP2011231207 A JP 2011231207A JP 5114589 B2 JP5114589 B2 JP 5114589B2
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/002—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid using an auxiliary fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/30—Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
- F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
- F25J3/04539—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels
- F25J3/04545—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels for the gasification of solid or heavy liquid fuels, e.g. integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
- F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/205—Cooling fluid recirculation, i.e. after cooling one or more components is the cooling fluid recovered and used elsewhere for other purposes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
- F05D2270/082—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases with as little NOx as possible
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
- F25J2260/42—Integration in an installation using nitrogen, e.g. as utility gas, for inerting or purging purposes in IGCC, POX, GTL, PSA, float glass forming, incineration processes, for heat recovery or for enhanced oil recovery
- F25J2260/44—Integration in an installation using nitrogen, e.g. as utility gas, for inerting or purging purposes in IGCC, POX, GTL, PSA, float glass forming, incineration processes, for heat recovery or for enhanced oil recovery using nitrogen for cooling purposes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Description
110 圧縮機
120 空気流
130 燃焼器
140 燃料流
150 燃焼ガス流
160 タービン
170 ロータ
180 発電機
190 タービン段
200 第1段
210 第1段ノズル
220 第1段動翼
230 第2段
240 第2段ノズル
250 第2段動翼
260 第3段
270 第3段ノズル
280 第3段動翼
290 高温ガス流路
300 先端シュラウド
310 冷却回路
350 統合ガス化複合サイクル・システム
360 空気分離ユニット
370 窒素の流れ
380 窒素圧縮機
390 圧力制御弁
400 静止部品冷却流
410 回転部品冷却流
420 三方弁
430 燃焼器流
440 戻り流
450 窒素冷却器
460 統合ガス化複合サイクル・システム
470 燃料ヒータ
480 統合ガス化複合サイクル・システム
490 混合用流れ
500 温度制御弁
510 統合ガス化複合サイクル・システム
520 付加的な窒素流
530 混合された窒素流
540 混合弁
Claims (11)
- 窒素供給源(360)と、
圧縮機(110)と、燃焼器(130)と、タービン(160)とを含む、ガスタービン(100)と、
前記窒素供給源(360)を少なくとも1つの窒素圧縮機(380)に接続する窒素供給ライン(370)と、
前記少なくとも1つの窒素圧縮機(380)を前記タービン(160)内の閉冷却回路(310)の入口に接続し、前記窒素供給源(360)からの窒素の流れ(370)が、前記タービン(160)を通って該タービンを冷却する圧縮窒素ラインと、
前記閉冷却回路(310)の出口を三方弁(420)に接続する窒素回収ラインと、
前記三方弁(420)を前記燃焼器(130)に接続する燃焼器流れラインと、
前記三方弁(420)を前記窒素供給ライン(370)に接続する戻り流れラインと、
を含む、窒素冷却ガスタービンシステム。 - 前記窒素供給源(360)は空気分離ユニット(360)を有している、請求項1記載の窒素冷却ガスタービンシステム。
- 前記タービン(160)内の前記閉冷却回路(310)は静止部品冷却流(400)及び回転部品冷却流(410)を有している、請求項1記載の窒素冷却ガスタービンシステム。
- 更に、前記タービン(160)の下流に配置され且つ前記戻り流れライン(440)内に窒素冷却器(450)を有している請求項1記載の窒素冷却ガスタービンシステム。
- 更に、前記燃焼器(130)の上流において前記燃焼器流れラインに配置され、前記燃焼器(130)に供給する燃料流(140)を加熱する燃料ヒータ(470)を有している請求項1記載の窒素冷却ガスタービンシステム。
- 窒素冷却ガスタービンシステムを運転する方法であって、
窒素の流れ(370)を発生する段階と、
窒素の流れ(370)を圧縮する段階と、
前記圧縮された窒素の流れ(370)をガスタービン(160)の中に流れさせる段階と、
前記窒素の流れ(370)が前記ガスタービン(160)を通って流れているときに、前記窒素の流れ(370)を加熱することにより前記ガスタービン(160)を冷却する段階と、
前記加熱された窒素の流れ(370)燃焼器窒素流と戻り窒素流に分ける段階と、
前記燃焼器窒素流を前記ガスタービン(160)の前記燃焼器(130)に注入して、燃焼器動作温度を低減する段階と、
流体の流れを加熱することにより、前記戻り窒素流を冷却して冷却された戻り窒素流を生成する段階と、
を有する方法。 - 更に、前記燃焼器に供給される燃料の流れを加熱することにより前記燃焼器窒素流を冷却する段階を有している請求項6記載の方法。
- 更に、冷却された戻り窒素流を前記窒素の流れ(370)へ再循環させる段階を有している請求項6記載の方法。
- 窒素の流れを生成する空気分離ユニットと、
前記窒素の流れを圧縮する窒素圧縮機(380)と、
圧縮機(110)と、燃焼器(130)と、タービン部(160)とを含む、タービン(100)と、
前記空気分離ユニットを前記窒素圧縮機(380)に接続する窒素供給ライン(370)と、
前記窒素圧縮機(380)を前記タービン部(160)内の閉冷却回路(310)の入口に接続し、前記窒素供給源(360)からの窒素の流れ(370)が、前記タービン部(160)を通って該タービンを冷却する圧縮窒素ラインと、
前記閉冷却回路(310)の出口を三方弁(420)に接続する窒素回収ラインと、
前記三方弁(420)を前記燃焼器(130)に接続する燃焼器流れラインと、
前記三方弁(420)を前記窒素供給ライン(370)に接続する戻り流れラインと、
を含む、窒素冷却ガスタービンシステム。 - 前記タービン(160)内の前記閉冷却回路(310)は静止部品冷却流(400)及び回転部品冷却流(410)を有している、請求項9記載の窒素冷却ガスタービンシステム。
- 更に、前記タービン(160)の下流に配置され且つ前記戻り流れライン(440)内に窒素冷却器(450)を有している請求項9記載の窒素冷却ガスタービンシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/910,033 | 2010-10-22 | ||
US12/910,033 US8186169B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2010-10-22 | Nitrogen cooled gas turbine with combustor nitrogen injection and partial nitrogen recycling |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2012092834A JP2012092834A (ja) | 2012-05-17 |
JP2012092834A5 JP2012092834A5 (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
JP5114589B2 true JP5114589B2 (ja) | 2013-01-09 |
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JP2011231207A Expired - Fee Related JP5114589B2 (ja) | 2010-10-22 | 2011-10-21 | 窒素冷却型ガスタービンを持つ統合ガス化複合サイクル・システム |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8186169B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5114589B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102454482A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102011054666A1 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2966510A1 (ja) |
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US11542016B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2023-01-03 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Cryogenic cooling system for an aircraft |
CN110307091A (zh) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-10-08 | 上海交通大学 | 用于燃气轮机的液氮直喷式进气冷却系统 |
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DE10027833A1 (de) * | 2000-06-05 | 2001-12-13 | Alstom Power Nv | Verfahren zum Kühlen einer Gasturbinenanlage sowie Gasturbinenanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US6574966B2 (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2003-06-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Gas turbine for power generation |
GB2373299B (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-10-27 | Alstom Power Nv | Re-fired gas turbine engine |
US6487863B1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-12-03 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Method and apparatus for cooling high temperature components in a gas turbine |
WO2007017387A2 (de) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur steigerung des wirkungsgrads eines kombinierten gas- und dampfkraftwerks mit integrierter brennstoffvergasung |
US7513118B2 (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2009-04-07 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Method for operating a gas turbine and a gas turbine for implementing the method |
US7584598B2 (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2009-09-08 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Method for operating a gas turbine and a gas turbine for implementing the method |
DE102005042889B4 (de) * | 2005-09-09 | 2019-05-09 | Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG | Gasturbogruppe |
US7581401B2 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2009-09-01 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for cooling gas turbine engine components |
US7980052B1 (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2011-07-19 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Industrial gas turbine engine |
-
2010
- 2010-10-22 US US12/910,033 patent/US8186169B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-10-20 DE DE102011054666A patent/DE102011054666A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-20 FR FR1159514A patent/FR2966510A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-21 JP JP2011231207A patent/JP5114589B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-10-21 CN CN2011103359099A patent/CN102454482A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120096868A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
DE102011054666A1 (de) | 2012-04-26 |
CN102454482A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
US8186169B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
JP2012092834A (ja) | 2012-05-17 |
FR2966510A1 (fr) | 2012-04-27 |
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