JP5100498B2 - Staircase support - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a staircase support used for cantilevering individual footboards.

  Generally, a staircase installed in a small wooden building such as a house has a structure in which a footboard is sandwiched between two side girders. The side girders are arranged in an oblique direction so as to connect the upper and lower sides of the floor, and the treads are fixed by being inserted into grooves formed in the side girders. This structure has high reliability because it can firmly support the tread board, and the shape of the side beam and tread board is simple and excellent in terms of cost. However, the stairs composed of side girders and footboards are poor in terms of aesthetics, and stripped stairs and skeleton stairs with excellent aesthetics may be installed in open spaces such as atrium.

The strip staircase and skeleton staircase have a structure in which almost the entire tread board can be seen from the outside. Its unique aesthetics impress visitors and improve the satisfaction of residents. For such a high added value strip staircase, techniques such as the following Patent Documents 1 and 2 have been proposed. In each case, two slabs are arranged in the center, and individual treads are provided on the upper and side surfaces. Is fixed. Patent Document 1 is characterized in that a corrugated plate support member is integrated with the upper slope of the sagittal girder, which is excellent in terms of accuracy and the like. Patent Document 2 is characterized in that the distance between the treads can be easily changed. In addition, the inventor of the present application has proposed a staircase having a structure in which one climbing beam is arranged so as to connect the upper and lower floors, and a tread is projected in the horizontal direction from this side surface. This staircase has a unique appearance as if the treadle floats in the air, with each treadle cantilevered and attached to the climbing beam.
JP 2005-139694 A JP 2006-009358 A

  In the structure in which the foot board is attached to the single climbing beam as described above, it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the climbing beam in order to stably support the foot board, and the cross-sectional area and the own weight increase. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the strength of the part supporting the vicinity of the upper end of the climbing beam. In this regard, there is no problem if measures are taken at the design stage, but when installing stairs in an existing building, measures such as strengthening the surrounding beams are required, and cantilevering is simpler. The technology that can install the stairs is desired. Further, since the climbing beam is arranged in the oblique direction, a joint portion with another member may be cut in the oblique direction. However, in order to cut the member in the oblique direction with high accuracy, a dedicated processing device is required, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.

  If climbing beams are difficult to use, you can build a similar cantilevered staircase by attaching the footboard directly to the wall. However, because the walls of ordinary wooden houses do not have the strength to support the treads, they require major renovations such as strengthening the entire wall, which increases material costs and the amount of work on site. There is. Further, if the entire wall is strengthened, it becomes difficult to install the opening, and inconvenience may occur due to lighting or wiring.

  The present invention was developed based on this situation, and can be attached to the tread board in a simple manner without using climbing beams, and is excellent in terms of cost, and an opening is secured on the tread board mounting surface. The purpose is to provide a support for staircases.

  The invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-mentioned problem is a staircase support body that supports a tread board in a cantilever manner, and is a long pillar sandwiched between upper and lower horizontal members and arranged side by side at a predetermined interval. And a short column arranged between adjacent long columns, and a single footboard is supported on the side of each long column and each short column, and between adjacent long columns and short columns It is the support body of the staircase characterized by each short column being fixed by the fastening means interposed in.

  The present invention is used to construct a staircase that supports a footboard in a cantilevered manner, and relates to a staircase support that serves as a basis for attaching a footboard. Composed. Both long and short columns are wood bars with a rectangular cross-section, just like ordinary columns. The lengths of the long and short columns are literally different, one for each long and short column. Support the tread board. The both end surfaces of the long pillar are in contact with the existing horizontal members arranged above and below, and both are firmly integrated with a tenon or a hardware. The horizontal member is a member that is arranged in the horizontal direction, such as a base or a beam, and constitutes the skeleton of the building. Further, the long pillars are not simply arranged, but a plurality of long pillars are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal member, and the short pillars are accommodated between the adjacent long pillars. Therefore, long columns and short columns are alternately arranged along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal member.

  As long as the short column has a strength capable of reliably supporting a single tread, its total length is not limited, and since it is supported by an adjacent long column, it does not need to be in contact with the horizontal member, and the height of the tread It is fixed at a position according to the height. Accordingly, the short columns are arranged along the slope of the stairs, and are disposed below at a position near the lower side of the stairs, but are disposed above at a position near the upper side. In addition, since one treadle is attached to each long column and short column, the distance between adjacent long and short columns must be equal to the horizontal distance between adjacent treads, and the staircase has a large inclination angle. In such a case, the interval between the long column and the short column becomes narrow, and conversely, the interval increases when the inclination angle of the stairs is small.

  Since the adjacent long columns and short columns are integrated by the fastening means, all the long columns and all the short columns are substantially integrated, and the load acting on the tread is composed of the long columns and the short columns. Since it is received by the whole support body, it has high rigidity and the deformation of the footboard can be suppressed very slightly. Note that both the long and short columns require some attachment means to fix the treads to the side surfaces. As an example of this, in addition to L-shaped metal fittings that contact the side surfaces of the long and short columns and the upper and lower surfaces of the tread plate, the whole can be embedded in the tread plate or column using a lag screw.

  The invention according to claim 2 relates to a fastening means, and the fastening means includes a groove formed on both faces of the adjacent long column and the short column, and a plate material that is inserted into both the grooves and straddles the long column and the short column. And nails driven from the side surfaces of the long pillars and the short pillars to fix the plate material. The groove is formed so as to form a pair on both surfaces of the adjacent long column and short column facing each other, and extends in the vertical direction, and a plate material is inserted therein. The thickness of the plate material is equal to the width of the groove, and is arranged so as to connect the long column and the short column, and transmits an external force such as a bending moment acting on the short column to the long column. However, since the plate material can be freely moved along the groove only by inserting the plate material into the groove, it is necessary to drive nails from the long column or the short column toward the plate material. The groove is not necessarily formed so as to penetrate the top and bottom of the column, and may be limited to only a part of the section depending on the mounting position of the short column. As for nails, screw nails as well as simple flat-head nails can be used, and it is necessary to drive in a number that does not cause any problems in strength.

  The width of the plate (the length of the staircase in the depth direction) is determined by the distance between adjacent long columns and short columns. Therefore, if the horizontal distance between the treads is wide, the width of the plate is inevitably large. Conversely, if the distance is small, the width of the plate is small. The height of the plate material is preferably equal to the height of the short beam. If the slope of the stairs is large, the distance between the adjacent long pillars and short pillars will be narrow, and depending on the dimensions, both may be in contact, but in this case as well, fastening means such as plate materials are necessary. .

  The invention according to claim 3 also relates to the fastening means. The fastening means includes a horizontal hole formed on both sides of the adjacent long column and the short column, and a rod that is inserted into both the horizontal holes and straddles the long column and the short column. And a material. In the present invention, a bar material is used instead of the plate material according to the second aspect of the invention, and a horizontal hole is used instead of the groove. Also in this case, by adjusting the depth of the horizontal hole and the length of the bar, the interval between the adjacent long column and the short column can be freely changed. Moreover, although the cross-section of a bar and a horizontal hole needs to be the same shape, it is not necessarily limited to a circular cross section. In addition, since all the long columns are fixed to the horizontal member, the rods are not detached from the horizontal holes after assembly. However, the rods may be fixed by driving nails from the long columns or the short columns.

  As in the first aspect of the invention, the tread plate can be attached in a cantilever manner without using a climbing beam by the support of the staircase having a structure in which long columns and short columns are alternately arranged. Therefore, it is not necessary to consider the installation of climbing beams as in the past, and if there are two horizontal members arranged vertically, a cantilever staircase can be installed just by placing a long column between them, There are few restrictions on location and strength. Moreover, the present invention eliminates the need to cut the member in an oblique direction, simplifies the machining operation, and attaches a single step plate to each of the long and short columns, and is therefore affected by machining errors and the like. It is difficult to provide staircases with excellent workability during construction and low cost and excellent aesthetics. Furthermore, by using a short column, the amount of use of the member can be reduced, and the top and bottom of the short column are opened, and this space can be used for daylighting, wiring, and the like, which is excellent in convenience.

  As in the second aspect of the invention, a groove is formed on the opposing surface of the adjacent long column and the short column, and a plate material is inserted into the groove to integrate both, thereby acting on the short column. In addition to reliably transmitting torsion and bending loads to the long pillars, the distance between the long and short pillars can be changed freely by adjusting the length of the plate, so the inclination angle of the stairs can be determined freely. Excellent in versatility and convenience. The invention according to claim 3 also exhibits the same effect by adjusting the length of the bar and the depth of the side hole. In addition, in the invention described in claim 3, it is possible to prevent the tread from falling without using nails or the like, and the work at the time of construction can be simplified.

  FIG. 1 shows the structure of a stair support according to the present invention. FIG. 1 (A) is a whole, and FIG. A total of four long columns 11 depicted in FIG. 1 (A) are sandwiched between upper and lower horizontal members 31 and 32, and are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal members 31 and 32. Both end surfaces of the long column 11 are in contact with the horizontal members 31 and 32 and are integrated by a teno formed inside. A short column 16 is incorporated between each two adjacent long columns 11. The short column 16 uses the same wood as the long column 11, but its height is about the vertical distance of the tread plate 33, and the mounting position differs according to the height of the tread plate 33. . Grooves 12 and 17 extending vertically are formed on opposite surfaces of the long pillar 11 and the short pillar 16, and a plate material 21 is inserted into the grooves 12 and 17. The plate member 21 is arranged so as to connect the adjacent long column 11 and the short column 16, and from the side surfaces of the long column 11 and the short column 16 so that the plate member 21 does not move along the grooves 12 and 17. Nails 23 are driven in to fix the plate material 21. As for the nails 23, various products such as screw nails as well as simple flat-head nails can be used freely. In addition, about the horizontal members 31 and 32, the existing thing can be diverted, and in the case of reconstruction, the long pillar 11 is attached after removing a wall etc.

  The adjacent long columns 11 and short columns 16 are arranged at a predetermined interval as shown in the cross section of FIG. 1 (B), and a plate material 21 is inserted so as to connect the two. Therefore, this interval can be freely determined by adjusting the width of the plate member 21 (left-right direction in this figure). The widths of the grooves 12 and 17 and the thickness of the plate 21 are the same, there is no gap at the boundary between them, preventing backlash, and the nails 23 are driven in, so that they do not move up and down. . The short column 16 and the footboard 33 are integrated by lag screws 34 and 36 and bolts 35. A lag screw 34 in which a female screw is formed is embedded in the short column 16 in the horizontal direction, and a hollow lag screw 36 is embedded in an end surface of the step plate 33, and a bolt inserted from the step plate 33. Both are integrated by 35. In order to insert the bolt 35, a lower hole 37 penetrating the side surface of the tread plate 33 is formed. In addition, the left and right ends of the tread plate 33 depicted in FIG. 1B are in contact with the adjacent long pillars 11, but this portion is merely in contact and is not fastened at all.

  FIG. 2 shows details of the long pillar 11 and the short pillar 16 shown in FIG. In each of the long pillar 11 and the short pillar 16, a lag screw 34 is embedded at a predetermined position for attaching the tread plate 33, and grooves 12, 17 are formed on the surface facing the adjacent short pillar 16 or the long pillar 11. Is formed. The grooves 12 and 17 are formed so as to be aligned in a horizontal line when the long pillar 11 and the short pillar 16 are installed, and the plate material 21 is inserted therein. The plate member 21 has the same height as the short column 16, and the load acting on the short column 16 is transmitted to the long column 11 by the plate members 21 on both the left and right sides. The plate member 21 is adjusted so that the distance between the long column 11 and the short column 16 is appropriate in a state where the plate member 21 is inserted to the depths of the grooves 12 and 17. In addition, the lag screw 34 for attaching the tread plate 33 is embedded slightly inside so as not to interfere with the grooves 12 and 17. The number of nails 23 used is determined each time according to the load.

  FIG. 3 shows the attachment structure of the footboard 33. A lag screw 34 is embedded in the long column 11 and the short column 16 so as to penetrate the side surface thereof, and a lag screw 36 is also embedded in the tread plate 33 concentrically with the lag screw 34. Are integrated with a bolt 35. Note that the lag screw 34 embedded in the short column 16 in the figure has a female screw formed on one end surface, and a spiral ridge formed on the side surface. This ridge can efficiently support the load acting in the axial direction, and the friction can prevent loosening due to aging. The lag screw 36 on the side of the tread plate 33 is hollow without a female screw, and the bolt 35 can be inserted into the inside. In order to insert the bolt 35, a lower hole 37 penetrating the side surface of the tread plate 33 is formed. The lag screw 36 is embedded from one end of the lower hole 37, and the bolt 35 is inserted from the opposite side. In this figure, the lag screw 34 is embedded in the center (in the vertical direction) of the short column 16, but it is not limited to such a center, and may be biased upward or downward.

  FIG. 4 shows a structure in which adjacent long pillars 11 and short pillars 16 are integrated with a bar 22, FIG. 4A is a whole, and FIG. 4B is a cross section around the bar 22. is there. In FIG. 1, adjacent long pillars 11 and short pillars 16 are integrated with a plate material 21 or the like, but a bar material 22 as shown in this figure may also be used. The bar material 22 is literally a bar-shaped wood, and horizontal holes 13 and 18 are formed in the side surfaces of the long column 11 and the short column 16 in order to insert the bar. The cross-section of the horizontal holes 13 and 18 is the same shape as the cross-section of the bar 22 as shown in FIG. Further, the length of the bar 22 and the depth of the lateral holes 13 and 18 are determined by the distance between the tread plates 33 and the width of the long pillars 11. Since the long column 11 is fixed by the horizontal members 31 and 32 as shown in FIG. 1, the bar 22 and the short column 16 are necessarily fixed in an immobile state, but for the purpose of improving the strength, The nails 23 may be driven like this. In addition, the attachment of the tread plate 33 is exactly the same as in FIG. 3, and two lag screws 34 are embedded in each of the long pillars 11 and the short pillars 16.

  FIG. 5 shows a staircase support in which the long pillars 11 and the short pillars 16 are integrated using the bar 22 as shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the short column 16 is fixed by two bars 22 on both the left and right sides. By adjusting the length of the bar 22, the interval between the adjacent long pillars 11 and short pillars 16 can be freely changed, and various steps can be handled. Note that the top and bottom of the short column 16 are open, and it is easy to install electrical wiring, windows, and the like.

The structure of the support body of the staircase by this invention is shown, (A) is a perspective view which shows the whole, (B) is a cross-sectional view of the attachment part of a foot board. It is a perspective view which shows the detail of the long column and short column shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the structure which attaches a tread board using a lag screw. The structure which integrates an adjacent long pillar and a short pillar with a bar is shown, (A) is a perspective view which shows the whole, (B) is a cross-sectional view around a bar. It is a perspective view which shows the support body of the staircase which integrated the long column and the short column using the rods like FIG.

Explanation of symbols

11 Long pillar 12 Groove (long pillar side)
13 Horizontal hole (long pillar side)
16 Short column 17 Groove (short column side)
18 Side hole (short column side)
21 Plate material 22 Bar material 23 Nails 31 Horizontal material (upper side)
32 Horizontal material (lower side)
33 Tread plate 34 Lag screw (long pillar / short pillar side)
35 bolt 36 lag screw (stepping board side)
37 pilot hole

Claims (3)

A staircase support for supporting the tread (33) in a cantilever manner,
A long pillar (11) sandwiched between upper and lower horizontal members (31, 32) and arranged side by side at a predetermined interval; a short pillar (16) disposed between adjacent long pillars (11); And a single footboard (33) is supported on the side surfaces of the individual long pillars (11) and the individual short pillars (16), and between the adjacent long pillars (11) and short pillars (16). Stair support, characterized in that the individual short columns (16) are fixed by intervening fastening means.   The fastening means is inserted into the grooves (12, 17) formed on both faces of the adjacent long pillar (11) and the short pillar (16) and the long pillars (11, 17). ) And a short column (16), and a plate (21) straddling the long column (11) and nails (23) driven from the side of the short column (16) to fix the plate (21). The staircase support according to claim 1. The fastening means is inserted into the horizontal holes (13, 18) formed on both faces of the adjacent long columns (11) and short columns (16), and the long columns (11, 18). ) And a rod (22) straddling the short column (16).

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