JP5142574B2 - Wooden building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wooden building in which a structural frame is formed using wood, and in particular, a wooden building provided with a veranda or the like protruding from an outer wall surface, or a wooden structure provided with an upper floor extending from a lower floor. It relates to buildings.

  In wooden buildings, a so-called frame structure is often used in which a structural frame is formed of columns with a cross-sectional shape that is almost square, beams spanned between multiple columns, and horizontal members such as torso. ing. Even in such a structure, it may be required to provide a veranda so as to protrude from the outer wall surface, or to provide an upper floor above the lower floor.

  In general, in a structure in which the overhang length such as a ridge or a bay window is small and the acting load is small, it can be supported by fixing the overhang member to the wall surface with a bolt as described in Patent Document 1. However, when the veranda or the upper floor is provided so as to be cantilevered, a large load is loaded on the overhanging portion, and a structure as shown in FIG. 8 is adopted.

This structure supports the horizontal member 102 so as to rest on the pillar 101 erected at the position where the outer wall surface is provided, and the horizontal member is continuously extended from the inside of the building to the outside of the outer wall surface. To support. Two or more of these horizontal members are provided in parallel, and a girder 103 is bridged around these front ends so as to be parallel to the outer wall surface. Then, a flooring is provided between the horizontal member 104 provided along the outer wall surface and the girder 103 to serve as a floor of the overhanging portion of the veranda or upper floor. In such a structure, a large bending moment is generated in the horizontal member 102 that is extended and provided at the base of the protruding portion, that is, a position on the outer wall surface, and a large vertical reaction force acts. For this reason, the horizontal member 102 is supported by the column 101 and the bending moment is resisted by the bending rigidity of the horizontal member.
JP 2003-96902 A

  In the structure as described above, when the overhang length of the veranda or the upper floor becomes large, the bending moment of the overhanging horizontal member tends to be excessive. For this reason, a plurality of horizontal members need to be arranged side by side at a narrow interval. And in order to support each of these horizontal members in the position of an outer wall surface, many pillars will be standingly arranged under the overhanging parts, such as a veranda. However, the lower floor of a building requires a large opening when used as a store or a garage, and as described above, many pillars cannot be erected under the overhanging portion such as a veranda. As shown in FIG. 9, it is conceivable that the horizontal member 102 provided so as to be extended is supported by a horizontal member 105 supported between the pillars along the outer wall. When it becomes large, the load in the vertical direction acting on the horizontal member 105 along the outer wall surface becomes extremely large, and a large deflection occurs. Moreover, creep deformation also increases, and smooth movement of joinery and the like is hindered.

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a veranda or an upper floor with a large overhanging length, and to provide a large opening under the overhanging portion. An object of the present invention is to provide a wooden building that can suppress the deflection on the opening to be small.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is provided with two portal-type frame frames in which a wooden frame column and a wooden frame beam are joined so that a bending moment can be transmitted. Are installed so that the ramen beams are parallel to each other , and the ramen beams are provided with a plurality of openings penetrating from one side surface to the other side surface of the ramen beams , One end is inserted into the opening provided in the ramen beam included in the second ramen frame, and the second ramen frame is inserted into the opening provided in the ramen beam included in the first ramen frame. A plurality of overhanging beams projecting to the opposite side, the ramen beam including an upper beam and a lower beam spanned in parallel at an interval in the vertical direction, and from the side surface of the upper beam Side of the bottom beam A continuous wooden board is fixed, and the opening provides a wooden building provided below the lower surface of the upper beam and above the upper surface of the lower beam .

  In this wooden building, an overhanging beam can be provided so as to overhang from the wall surface provided with the first frame, and a plurality of the overhanging beams can be arranged with a narrow interval. Therefore, when a veranda or the like is provided on these overhanging beams, the load is shared by the plurality of overhanging beams with respect to the vertical load acting on this portion, and the overhanging length can be set large. In addition, when a vertical load is applied to the portion of the projecting beam that extends from the first frame, a downward force is applied to the first frame, and the second frame is applied to the second frame. Lift is acting. The vertically downward force and the lift force are restrained by the lower beam of the first frame and the upper beam of the second frame, respectively. And, with respect to the bending moment and shearing force acting on the ramen beam by these downward force and lifting force in the vertical direction, the upper beam and lower beam of the frame are joined by plywood, so that they are integrated. Resist by the ramen beam. Further, since the rigid frame is joined to the rigid column so that the bending moment can be transmitted, the bending deformation at both ends of the rigid frame is restrained and becomes small. Therefore, the deflection of the ramen beam can be kept extremely small. As a result, a large opening can be provided inside the frame-shaped ramen frame, and the overhang length can be set large.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the wooden building according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of axial columns whose cross-sectional shape is substantially square, and the outer surfaces of the two rigid frame columns of the frame frame are adjacent to each other. It is assumed that it faces the side surfaces of the two axial pillars that are erected and is in contact with the side surfaces.

  In this wooden building, the ramen frame is installed between two shaft columns, and the ramen frame is pivoted just by joining the shaft column and the ramen frame so that horizontal force can be transmitted at the upper part of the ramen frame. The deformation of the column and the horizontal member joined thereto is constrained. Therefore, the ramen frame resists deformation when a horizontal force acts on the shaft column and functions like a load bearing wall. Thereby, it can be set as the structure which has high earthquake resistance. On the other hand, the horizontal member spanned in a direction perpendicular to the plane containing the axis of the frame frame and the horizontal member in the direction parallel to the plane containing the axis of the frame frame can be joined via a shaft column. Therefore, it is possible to easily assemble using the joining method used in the shaft structure as it is.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the wooden building according to claim 2, wherein the plate material is continuously fixed over the upper beam, the lower beam, the ramen column, and the shaft column. .

  The plate material continuously fixed to the upper beam and the lower beam is also continuously fixed to the side surfaces of the ramen column and the axial column, so that the bending moment between the ramen beam and the ramen column is passed through this plate material. Is transmitted. In addition, the shaft column also behaves integrally with the ramen column and can resist a large horizontal force.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the wooden building according to the first, second, or third aspect, cross-sectional shapes of the ramen column and the ramen beam are parallel to a plane including an axis of the ramen frame. The shape of the flat side is a flat shape that is longer than the side in the direction perpendicular to the plane including the axis of the frame.

  In this structure, a frame can be used instead of the wall between the shaft columns used in the shaft structure, and the deflection due to the overhanging portion can be suppressed with a good fit. Moreover, it has a large earthquake resistance.

  As described above, in the wooden building of the present invention, the veranda or the like can be provided so as to protrude larger than the outer wall surface, or the upper floor can be provided so as to protrude larger than the outer wall surface of the lower floor, and the lower side of the protruding portion can be provided. A large opening can be provided. Furthermore, even if the opening is provided in this manner, the deflection on the opening can be suppressed to a small value.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a structural frame of a wooden building which is an embodiment of the invention according to the present application.
This structural frame has a so-called frame structure composed of a wooden shaft column 1 having a cross section of 105 mm × 105 mm or 120 mm × 120 mm and a horizontal member 2 spanned between the shaft columns. A main part is configured by combining two wooden frame pillars 3 and frame frames 10 and 20 in which a frame beam 4 spanned between them is joined in a gate shape.

  In the shaft structure, a plurality of shaft pillars 1 are erected on a base (not shown), and a horizontal member 2 is bridged between the shaft pillars to form a second floor section, and the second floor section. The shaft pillar 1a is erected to support the roof structure. The shaft pillar 1 in the first floor portion is not limited to be erected on the foundation, but may be erected on a pillar support bracket fixed on a foundation. The shaft column 1 and the horizontal member 2 can be joined by, for example, installing the horizontal member 2 on the upper end surface of the shaft column 1 and joining the shaft member 1 to the second floor. When the through pillars are continuous to the part, the horizontal members constituting the floor set of the second floor part are joined so as to abut against the side surfaces of the pillars. The shaft column 1 and the horizontal member 2 are joined firmly using a joining metal fitting. In addition, a structure and a method conventionally used in a shaft assembly structure such as providing a tenon or notch portion on one member and fitting the other member into the tenon or notch portion can be used.

  The ramen frames 10 and 20 are provided with a first ramen frame 10 at a portion to be an outer wall surface of the building, and the outer wall surface and the inner side of the building from the position where the first ramen frame 10 is provided. A second frame 20 is provided at a position retracted in the perpendicular direction. The first ramen frame 10 and the second ramen frame 20 have the same dimensions and are arranged in parallel to face each other. These ramen frames 10 and 20 are both provided between two axial pillars 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4, and the outer surface of the frame-shaped ramen frame is adjacent. It is built so that it may contact with the mutually opposing side surfaces of two shaft pillars which fit.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the first ramen frame 10 includes two ramen pillars 3-1, 3-2 and upper beams 11 that are joined with their end faces abutting against the opposite side faces of these ramen pillars. The lower beam 12 is provided. Further, the second ramen frame 20 has the same configuration as the first ramen frame. Both the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 12 of the frame are supported horizontally, and both ends thereof are fixed to the two frame columns 3-1 and 3-2 with a gap therebetween. A plywood 13 is fixed to the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 12 with screws or nails so that the upper beam 11, the lower beam 12, and the plywood 13 are integrated into one member, that is, a ramen beam. 4 functions. Further, the plywood 13 is continuously in contact with the ramen pillars 3-1 and 3-2 and the axial pillars 1-1 and 1-2 on both sides which are erected in contact with the ramen pillars. It is fixed by. The plywood 13 may be attached to one surface of the ramen column, the upper beam, and the lower beam to be joined in parallel to the axis of the frame, or may be attached to both surfaces. May be.

As for the cross sections of the above-mentioned ramen columns 3-1 and 3-2, the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 12, the sides parallel to the plane including the axis of the ramen frame formed by them are perpendicular to the plane including the axis of the ramen frame. It is a rectangle longer than the side in any direction. And the upper beam 11 or the lower beam 12 and the rigid column 3 are joined using the joining metal fitting 14, as shown in FIG. The joint metal fitting 14 includes a plate-like attachment base 21 fixed to the side surface of the rigid column 3, and two plate-like beam joints 22a and 22b joined to both side edges of the attachment base 21 by rotating shafts. It is what has. The mounting base 21 has a plurality of bolt holes (not shown), and is screwed into the bolts 25 inserted into the bolt holes 23 and 24 provided in the ramen column 3 and the shaft column 1 from the bolt holes. The nut (not shown) is fixed to the side surface of the rigid column 3. The two beam joint portions 22a and 22b are provided so as to protrude substantially perpendicularly to the mounting base portion 21 at intervals smaller than the width of the upper beam 11 or the lower beam 12, and a drift pin 28 can be inserted into each of them. The hole 26 and the upper part are provided with a notch 27 that can lock the drift pin 28 from above. The upper beam 11 or the lower beam 12 is provided with two slits 29 parallel to these side surfaces, and the distance between them corresponds to the distance between the two beam joint portions 22a and 22b of the joint metal fitting 14. The beam joint portions 22a and 22b are inserted into the respective portions. Then, the drift pin 28 is inserted into the horizontal hole 30 provided in the horizontal direction from the side surface of the upper beam 11 or the lower beam 12, and is inserted into the hole 26 provided in the beam joint portions 22a and 22b, so that the joint fitting 14 is It is joined to the beam 11 or the lower beam 12.
The beam joint 22 of the joint 14 is connected to the mounting base 21 so as to be rotatable. When the joint 14 is attached to the ramen column 3 and carried to the site, the beam joint 22 is attached to the ramen. It can be rotated to a position along the surface of the pillar 3 to facilitate handling.

  With the structure as described above, each of the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 12 is joined to the two ramen columns 3-1 and 3-2, and the plywood 13 is continuously fixed to these side surfaces. As shown in FIG. 4, this plywood is spaced at intervals of, for example, about 120 to 150 mm between the upper beam 11, the lower beam 12, the frame columns 3-1 and 3-2, and the shaft columns 1-1 and 1-2. Then, the screw 31 is screwed in or a nail is struck. Therefore, the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 12 are firmly integrated to resist the bending moment, and the bending moment is transmitted between the ramen columns 3-1 and 3-2. Further, the ramen pillars 3-1 and 3-2 and the axial pillars 1-1 and 1-2 are integrated to function as a single member and resist bending moment.

As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of projecting beams 15 are inserted between the upper beam 11-1 and the lower beam 12-1 of the first ramen frame 10, and one end of the second ramen frame 20 is at one end. The vertical displacement is constrained between the upper beam 11-2 and the lower beam 12-2. These overhanging beams 15 are arranged at right angles to the plane including the axis of the ramen frames 10 and 20, pass between the upper beam 11-1 and the lower beam 12-1 of the first ramen frame 10, Cantilevered from the wall. A girder 16 is bridged over the end portion of the overhanging beams 15 protruding from the first frame frame 10 in parallel with the outer wall surface (see FIG. 1), and the floor of the upper floor room is supported thereon. The upper floor is overhanging the outer wall of the lower floor.
The plywood 13 fixed continuously over the upper beam 11, the lower beam 12, and the rigid column 3 is provided with an opening 13a at a portion corresponding to the position where the protruding beam 15 is disposed. It is fixed to the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 12 while being inserted through the opening 13.

The lower ends of the frame frames 10 and 20 and the shaft columns 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 integrated with these frame frames are provided on the column support bracket 40 fixed on the foundation 5. Fixed on top.
As shown in FIG. 6, the column support bracket 40 is a box-shaped member made of steel, and is provided with a bottom plate 41 that is in contact with the foundation 5 and in parallel with the bottom plate 41. An upper surface plate 42 with which the lower end surface of the column 1 abuts, a vertical plate 43 that supports the upper surface plate 42 above the bottom plate 41, and the upper surface plate 42 to be connected to the ramen column 3 and the shaft column 1. And a joining plate 44 erected vertically. The vertical plate 43 is provided with ribs 45 for preventing buckling, and is provided avoiding the peripheral portions of a plurality of holes for inserting anchor bolts 46 provided on the bottom plate 41. Further, the joining plate 44 erected on the upper surface plate 42 is provided with a vertical surface parallel to a surface including the axis of the frame frame 10, and a plurality of holes 48 are provided for inserting the drift pins 47. It has been.

  The column support fitting 40 is installed on the foundation 5 by inserting an anchor bolt 46 having a lower portion embedded in the foundation 5 and an upper portion protruding upward from the foundation into a hole of the bottom plate 41. And it is firmly fixed to the foundation by a nut 49 screwed into the anchor bolt 46. On the other hand, slits are provided in the lower ends of the ramen column 3 and the axial column 1 in the same direction as the plane including the axis of the ramen frames 10 and 20, and the joining plate 44 is inserted into the slit, so that the ramen column 3 The lower end surface of the shaft column 1 is supported on the upper surface plate 42. A lateral hole 50 is provided at a position corresponding to the hole 48 provided in the joining plate 44 at the lower end portions of the rigid column 3 and the axial pillar 1, and drifts from the lateral hole 50 to the hole 48 of the joining plate 44. The pin 47 is inserted, and the column support fitting 40 is joined to the lower end of the frame column 3 and the shaft column 1. As a result, the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement are constrained at the lower ends of the rigid column 3 and the axial column 1.

As shown in FIG. 5, the shaft pillars 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 provided in contact with both sides of the ramen frames 10, 20 have upper end surfaces of the ramen frames 10, 20. The length is set to be lower than the upper surface, and the horizontal members 2-1 and 2-2 are mounted on the shaft column 1 so that the horizontal members 2-1 and 2-2 in the direction perpendicular to the surface including the axis of the frame frame. Has been. And in the part which supports the said horizontal members 2-1 and 2-2 of the ramen frames 10 and 20, the notch 13b corresponding to the dimension of the horizontal member 2 is provided in the plywood 13, and the horizontal member 2-1 is provided. , 2-2 are supported so as to intersect the frame frames 10 and 20 at right angles.
As shown in FIG. 7, these horizontal members 2-1 and 2-2 are provided such that the upper surfaces thereof coincide with the upper surfaces of the frame frames 10 and 20, that is, the upper surfaces of the upper beams 11. Therefore, a floor set is formed with the joist 51 and the ramen beam 11 spanned over them, and a floor board can be spanned over them to form a floor of the second floor portion.
On the other hand, the shaft pillar 1a of the second floor portion is erected on the horizontal member 2 and constitutes the structural housing of the second floor portion together with the pillar 1b raised from the tip of the overhanging beam 15.

  In addition, the axial pillars 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 provided in contact with both sides of the rigid frame may be a through pillar that continues from the first floor portion to the second floor portion. In this case, the horizontal member perpendicular to the surface including the axis of the rigid frame is joined so that the end surface abuts against the side surface of the through column.

In such a wooden building, the inside of the first ramen frame 10 having a gate shape can be an opening, and a large space extending below the second ramen frame 20 can be secured. Therefore, this part can be used as a store or a garage.
When a vertical load is applied to the overhanging beam 15, a large downward force is applied to the first frame frame 10 and a lift is applied to the second frame frame 20. These forces act on the rigid beam 4, that is, the member in which the upper beam 11, the lower beam 12 and the plywood 13 are integrally fixed. However, the rigid beam 4 has a large bending rigidity and the rigid beam. Since the 4 and the rigid column 3 are joined so as to resist the bending moment, the deflection of the rigid beam 3 can be kept small. Accordingly, the creep deformation in which the deformation progresses gradually can be reduced.

  On the other hand, even when a large horizontal force in the direction including the axis of the ramen frames 10 and 20, that is, a large horizontal force in the X direction shown in FIG. Even if the opening is provided, it has a large earthquake resistance.

  In the above embodiment, the wooden building in which the upper floor projects from the outer wall surface of the lower floor has been described, but the portion supported by the projecting beam 15 may be a veranda or the like. Moreover, the above ramen frame can be provided in a portion other than the portion where the overhanging veranda is provided or the portion where the upper floor protrudes from the outer wall surface of the lower floor. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, by providing another ramen frame 60 in the Y direction, it is possible to resist the horizontal force in the Y direction with the ramen frame. That is, a frame structure having sufficient earthquake resistance can be obtained by appropriately installing and providing a ramen frame in the axial structure in the X direction and the Y direction.

  Further, the frame frames 10 and 20 are built between the two shaft columns 1, and the joining with the horizontal member 2 is performed via the shaft columns 1. The joining structure used in the conventional shaft assembly can be used as it is for joining. Therefore, a structural housing can be easily constructed even if a ramen frame is incorporated. Moreover, the part using a big member as a ramen frame can be limited, and it can suppress that construction cost becomes excessive.

Construction of the wooden building described above can be performed as follows.
In advance, the rigid column 3 and the axial column 1 are integrally coupled in a factory or the like, and a joint fitting 14 with the rigid beam 4 is attached. These columns are erected on a column support bracket 40 provided at a predetermined position on the site. Thereafter, the lower beam 12 and the upper beam 11 are joined in this order, and the plywood 13 is fixed so as to be continuous with the beams 11 and 12 and the column 3 to form a frame. Then, the overhanging beam 15 is assembled and fixed, and is joined to a member constituting another shaft assembly structure.
Further, it is also possible to assemble the shaft column 1 that joins the frame column 3 and the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 12 in advance, and further fixes the plywood 13 and joins both sides of the frame frames 10 and 20 together. At the construction site, other shaft columns are erected and the frame frame assembled as described above is lifted by a crane or the like and installed at a predetermined position. Then, the overhanging beam 15 is incorporated and joined to a member constituting another shaft structure.

It is a schematic perspective view which shows the structural frame of the wooden building which is one Embodiment of the invention which concerns on this application. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a ramen frame used in the structural housing shown in FIG. 1. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the connection structure of the upper column or lower beam which comprises the frame column of the frame frame shown in FIG. 2, and a frame beam. It is a front view which shows the state which attached the plywood to the upper beam and lower beam which comprise the frame column and frame beam of the frame shown in FIG. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the structure which supported the overhang | projection beam using the frame frame shown in FIG. It is the front view and side view which show the support structure of the lower end part of the frame column of the frame frame shown in FIG. 2, and the axial column contact | abutted to this frame column. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the structural example of the frame structure shown in FIG. 2, and the axial structure of this peripheral part. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the part protruded from the outer wall in the conventional wooden building. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of the part protruded from the outer wall in the conventional wooden building.

Explanation of symbols

1: Axial column, 2: Horizontal member, 3: Ramen column, 4: Ramen beam, 5: Foundation,
10, 20, 60: Ramen frame,
11: Upper beam, 12: Lower beam, 13: Plywood (plate material), 14: Joint metal fitting, 15: Overhang beam, 16: Girder,
21: Mounting base part, 22: Beam joint part, 23: Bolt hole of the ramen beam, 24: Bolt hole of the axial column, 25: Bolt, 26: Hole provided in the beam joint part, 27: Notch part, 28: Drift pin, 29: Slit, 30: Side hole,
31: Screw,
40: pillar support bracket, 41: bottom plate, 42: top plate, 43: vertical plate, 44: joining plate, 45: rib, 46: anchor bolt, 47: drift pin, 48: hole provided in the joining plate, 49 : Nut, 50: side hole, 51: joist

Claims (4)

It is equipped with two portal-type frame frames that join wooden frame columns and wooden frame beams so that bending moment can be transmitted.
These ramen frames are installed so that the ramen beams are parallel to each other,
The ramen beam is provided with a plurality of openings penetrating from one side surface to the other side surface of the ramen beam,
One end is inserted into the opening provided in the ramen beam provided in the second ramen frame of the two ramen frames, and is inserted into the opening provided in the ramen beam provided in the first ramen frame. And having a plurality of overhanging beams protruding to the opposite side of the second frame,
The ramen beam includes an upper beam and a lower beam that are spanned in parallel with a space in the vertical direction, and a plate member continuous from the side surface of the upper beam to the side surface of the lower beam is fixed. And
The wooden building is characterized in that the opening is provided below the lower surface of the upper beam and above the upper surface of the lower beam . Having a plurality of axial pillars whose cross-sectional shape is approximately square,
2. The outer surface of the two frame columns of the frame frame is opposed to the side surfaces of the two axial columns that are erected adjacent to each other, and is in contact with the side surfaces. Wooden building.   3. The wooden building according to claim 2, wherein the plate material is continuously fixed over the upper beam, the lower beam, the ramen column, and the shaft column.   The cross-sectional shapes of the rigid column and the rigid beam are flat shapes in which the dimension of the side parallel to the plane including the axis of the rigid frame is longer than the side in the direction perpendicular to the plane including the axis of the rigid frame The wooden building according to claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3.

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