JP5096137B2 - 新規エレクトロクロミック材料及び装置 - Google Patents
新規エレクトロクロミック材料及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5096137B2 JP5096137B2 JP2007506212A JP2007506212A JP5096137B2 JP 5096137 B2 JP5096137 B2 JP 5096137B2 JP 2007506212 A JP2007506212 A JP 2007506212A JP 2007506212 A JP2007506212 A JP 2007506212A JP 5096137 B2 JP5096137 B2 JP 5096137B2
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- BINDZQUZHVVTLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dioxothiopyran-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C1 BINDZQUZHVVTLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IQZBMUCMEBSKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-ethylphenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IQZBMUCMEBSKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FMRHJJZUHUTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylhexyl salicylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O FMRHJJZUHUTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
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- WFFZGYRTVIPBFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-indene-1,2-dione Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(=O)CC2=C1 WFFZGYRTVIPBFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQMHSKWEJGIXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(C)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O VQMHSKWEJGIXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PODJSIAAYWCBDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-diazatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(14),2,4(16),5,7,9,11(15),12-octaene Chemical compound C1=NN=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 PODJSIAAYWCBDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017911 MgIn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- JOYKCMAPFCSKNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro benzenesulfonate Chemical compound ClOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JOYKCMAPFCSKNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmpu Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)C1=O GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071161 dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IAJNXBNRYMEYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C(C#N)C(=O)OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IAJNXBNRYMEYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- WOFDVDFSGLBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactonitrile Chemical compound CC(O)C#N WOFDVDFSGLBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxybenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWBKZBJAVASNII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O TWBKZBJAVASNII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WDFTWKQHSSVVJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WDFTWKQHSSVVJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MYOWBHNETUSQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O MYOWBHNETUSQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VNXUJPCYZSNXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CSC=C1 VNXUJPCYZSNXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UZPUXLRDLVOKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UZPUXLRDLVOKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004360 trifluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1092—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing sulfur as the only heteroatom
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Sulfur Atoms (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Description
中間体4H−チオピラン−4−オン1,1−ジオキシドと種々な置換基との2−及び6−位での合成製造ルートは、N. Rule、M. Detty、J. Kaeding、J. Sinicroopi等発表の「J. Org. Chem.(ジャーナル・オブ・オーガニック・ケミストリー)」、1995年、60巻、1665頁に記載されているが、ここで引用したことにより、これを本明細書に含める。当該チオピラン−4−オン中間体は、米国特許第4,514,481号明細書(3頁60行)に開示されているように、エタノール中で1,3−インダンジオンと塩基触媒縮合することによって、容易に、相当するインダンジオン誘導体に変換される。同様に、米国特許第4,514,481号明細書(3頁、35行)に開示されるように、チオピラン−4−オン−1,1−ジオキシドをマロノニトリルと縮合させることによって、容易に、ジシアノメチリジン誘導体が供給できる。
構造的に上記I−6で表される、2,6−ジ−(3−トリフルオロフェニル)−4H−1,1−ジオキソ−4−(ジシアノメチリデン)チオピランのエレクトロクロミック特性は、アセトニトリル溶液中で測定した。電気化学的還元電位は、サイクリックボルタンメトリーによって測定して、SCEに対して−0.16Vであり、無色の溶液、即ち、アセトニトリルのような非水溶媒中に溶解するときに可視領域で全く吸収を示さない溶液、であることを示した。−0.5Vの印加電位下での調整された還元電位では、図1の吸収スペクトルによって示されるような、広範囲の可視スペクトルに亘ってスペクトル吸収を示す強く着色した陰イオンラジカルを生じた。当該チオピランラジカル陰イオンは、非常に高い光学吸収率を有して、15,400M-1cm-1であることが測定され、よって、そのエレクトロクロミック効果に起因して非常に高いコントラスト変化を生じた。その視認可能な着色陰イオンラジカルは、24時間の期間に亘って吸収スペクトルに僅かな変化しか示さず、非常に安定であった。この電気化学的に誘発されたスペクトル変化は、完全に可逆的であった。Pt作用電極に対して0Vの電位を再度印加すると、中性チオピランI−6のスペクトルが定量的に再現されて、再び無色溶液となった。この還元/酸化サイクルは、顕著な光学信号の喪失も無しに何度でも繰り返すことができた。
構造的に上記I−2のように表される2−フェニル,6−トリル−4H−1,1−ジオキソ−4−(ジシアノメチリデン)チオピランのエレクトロクロミック特性は、アセトニトリル溶液中で測定した。I−2の電気化学的還元電位は、サイクリックボルタンメトリーによって測定して、SCEに対して−0.22Vであり、アセトニトリルのような非水溶媒中に溶解するときに淡い黄色の溶液を示した。−0.5Vの印加電位下での調整された還元電位では、図2の吸収スペクトルによって示されるような、広範囲の可視スペクトルに亘ってスペクトル吸収を示す強く着色した陰イオンラジカルを生じた。当該チオピランラジカル陰イオンは、非常に高い光学吸収率を有して、12,400M-1cm-1であることが測定され、よって、そのエレクトロクロミック効果に起因して非常に高いコントラスト変化を生じた。その視認可能な着色陰イオンラジカルは、24時間の期間に亘って吸収スペクトルに僅かな変化しか示さず、非常に安定であった。この電気化学的に誘発されたスペクトル変化は、完全に可逆的であった。Pt作用電極に対して0Vの電位を再度印加すると、中性チオピランI−2のスペクトルが定量的に再現されて、再び淡い黄色の溶液となった。この還元/酸化サイクルは、顕著な光学信号の喪失も無しに何度でも繰り返すことができた。
構造的に上記I−8のように表される2,6−ジ−(4−ニトロフェニル)−4H−1,1−ジオキソ−4−(ジシアノメチリデン)チオピランのエレクトロクロミック特性は、アセトニトリル溶液中で測定した。I−8の電気化学的還元電位は、サイクリックボルタンメトリーによって測定して、SCEに対して−0.48Vであり、アセトニトリルのような非水溶媒中に溶解するときに無色の溶液を示した。−0.7Vの印加電位下での調整された還元電位では、図3の吸収スペクトルによって示されるような、可視スペクトルにおける706nm及び490nmで二つの吸収バンドを示す緑に着色した陰イオンラジカルを生じた。当該チオピランラジカル陰イオンは、非常に高い光学吸収率を有し、よって、そのエレクトロクロミック効果に起因して非常に高いコントラスト変化を生じた。Pt作用電極に対して0Vの電位を再度印加すると、中性チオピランI−8のスペクトルが再現されて、再び無色の溶液となった。
エレクトロクロミック装置を、2枚の透明な導電性酸化物(TCO)基板間の空洞に、スルホン4H−1,1−ジオキソ−2−フェニル−6−トリル−4−(ジシアノメチリデン)チオピランI−2を含有する電解質溶液を満たすことによって製作した。当該電解質溶液は、試薬級アセトニトリルから調製し、0.1モルの過塩素酸リチウムを含んでいた。この電解質に、30ミリモルのI−2と30ミリモルのN−エチルフェノチアジンを添加した。N−エチルフェノチアジンは、陽極で酸化を受けるレドックス発色団(即ち、電子供与体)として作用し、これは当該装置の陰極で起こるI−2の還元反応を補足する。透明な導電性酸化物基板は、ガラスのスライド(TEC8/3、Pikington製)上にフッ素をドープしたSnO2であって陰極として作用し、当該溶液がエレクトロクロミック層として作用する間は陽極として作用した。
エレクトロクロミック装置を作製し、2倍の厚さのテフロン(登録商標)スペーサをTCOガラスプレートの間に入れたこと、及びスルホン化合物が、2,6−ジ−(3−トリフルオロフェニル)−4H−1,1−ジオキソ−4−(ジシアノメチリデン)チオピランI−6であったことを除いて、実施例5に記載したように試験した。1.5VのDC電圧を印加する前後のエレクトロクロミック装置に記録された吸収スペクトルを、図6に示す。その結果によると、装置の色が無色、透明から暗紫色に変わる際に、適度なDC電位の印加時に高いコントラストのエレクトロクロミック効果を示している。当該装置に0Vを再印加すると、装置は、定量的に無色、透明に戻った。この過程を、0Vで10秒、1.5Vで10秒の周期的な印加によって多数回繰り返したところ、数時間後の記録されたスペクトルに僅かな変化しか見られなかった。
Claims (16)
- 前記R 3 が、ハロゲン、シアノ、COOH、CO 2 CH 3 、CO 2 −アルキル、CON(C 2 H 5 ) 2 、SO 2 CH 3 、SO 2 −アリール、SO 2 CF 3 、SO 2 −アルキル、PO 3 H 2 、SO 3 H、B(OH) 2 、又はSO 2 N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 からなる群より選ばれる電子吸引性基を表す、請求項1に記載のエレクトロクロミック材料。
- 前記R 1 〜R 5 が、一緒にあるいは別個に、金属酸化物電極に対して不可逆的な化学吸着を促進させるカルボキシレート、サリシレート、又はホスホネート基を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のエレクトロクロミック材料。
- 前記エレクトロクロミック材料が、−1.0〜+0.2V/SCEの電気化学的還元電位を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミック材料。
- 前記エレクトロクロミック材料が、ナノ微晶質TiO 2 又はSnO 2 に対する結合基を有するエレクトロクロミックスルホン構造を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミック材料。
- 前記エレクトロクロミック材料が、還元時に色変化が可能であり、それが選択的に可逆的である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミック材料。
- 基板、少なくとも2個の電極、当該電極間に位置する電解質、電子ドナー、及び以下の一般構造:
Xは、炭素、窒素、酸素、又は硫黄であり、
nは、0、1、又は2であり、
R3は、独立して、電子吸引性基又は置換もしくは非置換のアルキル又はアリール基であり、
R1及びR5は、それぞれ独立して、置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは非置換のアリール基、又は置換もしくは非置換の複素環式基を表し、そして
R2及びR4は、それぞれ独立して、水素、又は電子吸引性基、又は置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基を表す、
の置換−1,1−ジオキソ−チオピランを含むエレクトロクロミック材料を含んでなる、エレクトロクロミック装置。 - 前記電解質が、少なくとも一種の溶媒及び少なくとも一種の電気化学的に不活性な塩を含む、請求項7に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記溶媒が10〜50の誘電率を有する、請求項8に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記電解質が液体又はゲル形態にある、請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記ゲルが、ポリ電解質、多孔質固体又はナノ粒子により形成されている、請求項10に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記電解質が、少なくとも一種のUV吸収剤を更に含む、請求項7〜11のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記電解質が、少なくとも一種のレドックス安定化剤を更に含む、請求項7〜12のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記少なくとも一種のレドックス安定化剤が、キノン、ピリリウム、及びビピリリウム塩、置換アントラセン、置換アルコキシベンゼン、及び置換ポリヒドロキシベンゼンからなる群より選ばれる、請求項13に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記電子ドナーが、可逆的に酸化される、有機、無機、又は有機金属の電子活性材料である、請求項7〜14のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
- 前記電子ドナーが、前記第1の電極又は第2の電極の少なくとも一方に存在している、請求項7〜15のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置。
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PCT/US2005/008696 WO2005100504A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-16 | Novel electrochromic materials and devices |
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WO2007149090A1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Amorphous polymers with pendant chromogenic groups |
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