JP5081860B2 - Continuous swallowing motion measuring device and continuous swallowing motion measuring method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a measuring device for swallowing motion that occurs in the throat when a person swallows a beverage such as beer and a method for measuring swallowing motion.

  In connection with the action of a person swallowing food, attempts have been made to measure actual swallowing movements in order to evaluate food characteristics and human swallowing ability.

  As a method for inspecting and measuring swallowing movement, that is, an operation for swallowing food, there are image diagnostic methods such as a VF method (video x-ray examination method) and an ultrasonic examination method. The former asks the subject to swallow food containing the contrast agent, and records and observes X-ray motion images from the oral cavity to the pharynx and the upper part of the esophagus. The latter uses an ultrasonic tomography device and applies a probe from the lower jaw to the neck, and observes and evaluates the movement of the oral organ and the adduction of the vocal cords in real time. However, these methods allow direct diagnosis by image, but cannot quantify swallowing movement. Therefore, when used for treatment and rehabilitation, it is necessary to evaluate symptoms over time and quantitatively in order to set a treatment policy according to changing symptoms. I can't. In addition, X-rays cannot be used for healthy persons other than for therapeutic purposes, and the above-described inspection / measurement methods using X-rays include, for example, a sense of feeling over the throat when swallowing beverages, ease of swallowing foods, etc. Cannot be used to measure swallowing movements to study

  In recent years, as a swallowing motion measurement method that addresses this point, a device that quantitatively measures the vertical movement of the larynx during swallowing by attaching a detection unit using multiple pressure sensors to the front neck has been developed and studied. (For example, refer nonpatent literature 1).

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a swallowing movement measuring apparatus 1 developed for measuring laryngeal movement, suprahyoid electromyogram and swallowing sound when food is swallowed.

  As shown in the figure, the apparatus 1 includes a measurement unit 10 and an analysis unit 20. The measuring unit 1 includes a pressure sensor 11, a myoelectric meter electrode 12, and a microphone 13, the pressure sensor 11 is a strain amplifier 14, the myoelectric meter electrode 12 is a myoelectric meter 15, and the microphone 13 is a charge amplifier 16. Connected.

  The analysis unit 20 performs various arithmetic processes on the signals from the A / D converter 21 and the A / D converter 21 that convert analog signals output from the strain amplifier 14, the electromyograph 15 and the charge amplifier 16 into digital signals, respectively. It consists of a personal computer 22.

  This system uses the pressure sensor 11 to move the thyroid cartilage (so-called “throat Buddha”), which is a part of the larynx, the muscle activity of the suprahyoid muscle group by the myoelectric meter electrode 12, and the swallowing sound by the microphone 13. Measurements are made at the same time.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the pressure sensors 11 have three pairs in the vertical direction (up and down direction) and a total of six sensors fixed to the urethane home 11a and attached to the resin base 11b. It is. Double-sided tape 11c is affixed to the urethane home 11a so that it can be fixed when it is worn on the neck. In addition, a band 11d is attached to the resin base 11b, and the sensor is attached to the neck so that the sensor is located on the front neck.

  A myoelectric meter electrode (surface electrode) 12 was attached to the front part of the cervical abdominal muscle, and an indifferent electrode (reference electrode) was attached to the earlobe. This myoelectric meter 12 can measure how much force is applied to the muscle when swallowing an object. The muscle to be measured is the suprahyoid muscle group.

  The microphone 13 is attached so as to be located beside the cricoid cartilage.

  FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the attachment state of the pressure sensor 11 to the front neck and the principle of detection of swallowing motion. FIG. 4 shows signal waveforms obtained from the pressure sensor, the electromyograph electrode, and the microphone.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the pressure sensor 11 is attached so that the lowermost sensor of the three pairs of sensors is located at a normal position where the thyroid cartilage is not swallowing.

  With reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the swallowing motion when the bolus is about to flow from the oral cavity to the pharynx will be described.

  First, when trying to pour a bolus from the oral cavity using the tongue, the suprahyoid muscle group starts to act so as to appear in the electromyograph output (p1). Subsequently, thyroid cartilage, which is part of the larynx, begins to rise (FIG. 3 (a)). As a result, the output voltage of the pressure sensor pair 2 rises (p3), and then the pressure sensor pair 3 rises (p4). When moving down the larynx, the opposite is shown, and the thyroid cartilage returns to its original position (p7). The swallowing sound obtained from the microphone starts as soon as the laryngeal elevation starts, as seen in the output waveform (p8).

  As described above, using the swallowing movement measuring device, swallowing movement when swallowing food is extracted as pharyngeal movement, suprahyoid electromyogram, swallowing sound as an electrical signal, for example, the type of food It is expected to be usable for analysis and evaluation such as what kind of change occurs due to the above, or what kind of difference occurs depending on the swallowing person.

Toyohiko Hayashi et al., “Relationship between characteristics of porridge and swallowing dynamics: evaluation by simultaneous measurement of pharyngeal movement, electromyogram and swallowing sound”, Journal of Japanese Society for Feeding and Swallowing Rehabilitation 6 (2): 0-0, 2002

  By the way, among foods, beverages such as beer are also important evaluation items for evaluating the characteristics of products, such as feelings over the throat and ease of swallowing / drinkability, which are felt with swallowing movements. For example, beer that drinks whispering in the throat is said to be exceptional as it is said that “beer tastes over the throat”.

  In order to examine whether or not the human senses associated with such swallowing operations can be objectively evaluated, the present inventors have examined whether or not the above swallowing movement measuring device can be used, and as a result, improved the measuring device. We have developed a device that can measure the laryngeal movement (hereinafter referred to as “continuous swallowing movement”) when a beverage such as beer is swallowed continuously as “gok, gok, gok ...”. That is, the present invention resides in the improvement of the above-described measuring device, and the conventional measuring device is intended to measure one swallowing operation, whereas in the present invention, the continuous swallowing “gok, gok, gok ...”. It is designed to measure movement.

  According to the study of the present inventors, in the continuous swallowing movement, the position of the vertical movement of the larynx is moved upwards unlike a single swallowing movement, and the above measurement device cannot measure the accurate movement of the larynx. Was confirmed. Further, the above-described conventional method for fixing the detection unit of the measuring apparatus has a problem that the position of the detection unit is displaced by a single swallowing operation, making it impossible to measure continuous operation. Therefore, in the present invention, the detection unit is improved so that continuous swallowing operation can be measured, and the method of fixing the detection unit to the subject is improved so that the mounting position of the detection unit is not displaced by the continuous swallowing operation. It is in.

The continuous swallowing movement measuring apparatus according to the present invention is configured to abut a plurality of pressure sensors arranged along the vertical movement direction of the thyroid cartilage when food is swallowed, and to fix the pressure sensors in contact with the front neck of the subject. Equipped with a pressure sensor mounting tool
The pressure sensor mounting device includes: a fixing unit that fixes the pressure sensor; a pressure sensor support that supports the fixing unit; and a holding band that holds the pressure sensor support on a front neck of a subject. And

Another aspect of the present invention is:
A plurality of pressure sensors arranged along the direction of vertical movement of the thyroid cartilage at the time of food ingestion, and a pressure sensor mounting device for abutting and fixing the pressure sensor to the front neck of the subject,
The pressure sensor mounting device includes: a fixing unit that fixes the pressure sensor; a pressure sensor support that supports the fixing unit; and a holding band that holds the pressure sensor support on a front neck of a subject. A continuous swallowing movement measuring device,
The swallowing motion measuring device is a swallowing motion measuring device further comprising a myoelectric meter electrode for measuring a force acting on a muscle of a subject's suprahyoid muscle group and a vibration pickup for measuring a swallowing sound.

  Further, another aspect of the present invention supports a plurality of pressure sensors including a pressure sensor for recognizing that the thyroid cartilage is in the vicinity of the uppermost position during continuous swallowing, and the pressure sensor is used in the vertical movement direction of the thyroid cartilage. A pressure sensor mounting tool disposed along the front neck so that the lowest sensor of the pressure sensor is positioned in the vicinity of the subject's thyroid cartilage; Reading the change in the output signal from each pressure sensor when drinking, and measuring the vertical movement of the subject's thyroid cartilage during drinking continuously based on the peak period of the output signal from each pressure sensor It is a continuous swallowing movement measurement method.

  Another aspect of the present invention includes a step of abutting and fixing a surface electrode for measuring myoelectric potential to an anterior abdominal part of the neck of the subject's front neck, and the surface electrode when the subject continuously drinks a beverage Is a method for measuring continuous swallowing movement, comprising: obtaining an electrical signal generated by the movement of the suprahyoid muscle group from the above; and determining the magnitude of the amount of exercise of the suprahyoid muscle group muscle based on the obtained electrical signal. .

Another aspect of the present invention is the step of attaching a vibration pickup to a site located beside the cricoid cartilage in the front neck of the subject;
A method for measuring continuous swallowing movement, comprising: a step of measuring a swallowing sound from the vibration pickup when a subject continuously drinks a beverage; and a step of measuring a peak period of a measurement value of the swallowing sound.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, a plurality of reflective optical sensors arranged along the vertical movement direction of the thyroid cartilage when food is swallowed, and the sensors are fixed to the subject's front neck at predetermined intervals. A continuous swallowing motion measuring device comprising: a sensor mounting tool for fixing the optical sensor; and a holding band for holding the fixing plate on a front neck of a subject. It is.

  Another aspect of the present invention is the above-described continuous swallowing movement measuring apparatus, wherein the reflective optical sensor includes a light emitting element including an infrared light emitting diode and an infrared detection phototransistor.

  Still another aspect of the present invention provides an optical sensor mounting tool that supports a reflective optical sensor and arranges the optical sensor along the vertical movement direction of the thyroid cartilage. The step of attaching to the front neck so as to be positioned in the vicinity of the subject's thyroid cartilage, and the light sensor and the front neck surface based on output signals from each light sensor when the subject continuously drinks the beverage And a step of reading a change in the position of the part where the distance is minimum, and a top and bottom of the subject's thyroid cartilage when drinking the beverage continuously based on the movement period of the minimum part. It is a continuous swallowing movement measuring method for measuring movement.

  According to the continuous swallowing motion measuring device and the continuous swallowing motion measuring method of the present invention, it is possible to measure the continuous swallowing motion, and it is possible to accurately measure the swallowing motion without shifting the mounting position of the detection unit by the continuous swallowing motion. It becomes.

  In addition, it becomes possible to accurately measure the movement of the thyroid cartilage, the movement of the suprahyoid muscle group muscle and the swallowing sound when drinking a beverage continuously using the continuous swallowing movement measuring device of the present invention. By applying this measurement data to the evaluation and diagnosis of the swallowing movement of the subject, it is possible to contribute to the diagnosis of the swallowing ability of the subject and the evaluation and development of food and beverages.

  In addition, according to the continuous swallowing movement measuring device using the reflective optical sensor, the swallowing movement is measured in a non-contact manner using the optical sensor, thereby compressing the neck generated by the attachment of the measuring device to the neck. The swallowing movement can be measured in a more natural state. Further, since each sensor is attached to a fixed plate and does not come into contact with the larynx, the sensor itself does not move with swallowing movement, so that the position of the sensor is stable and measurement can be performed with high accuracy.

It is a block diagram of the conventional swallowing movement measuring apparatus. It is a figure which shows a pressure sensor. It is a figure explaining the detection principle of the attachment state to the front neck part of a pressure sensor, and swallowing movement. It is a figure which shows the signal waveform obtained from a pressure sensor, a myoelectric meter surface electrode (electromyograph), and a microphone. It is a block block diagram of the swallowing exercise | movement measuring apparatus which measures the swallowing exercise | movement which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows a pressure sensor mounting tool. It is a figure which shows the state which mounted | wore the test subject with the pressure sensor mounting tool, the electromyograph, and the vibration pickup. It is a figure which shows the measurement data which the pressure sensor caught. It is a figure which shows the measurement data which the myoelectric meter caught. It is a figure which shows the measurement data which the vibration pickup caught. It is a figure explaining the relationship between swallowing exercise | movement and the output of a pressure sensor. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a suprahyoid muscle group exercise amount, and a drink. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a swallowing sound time period and a drink. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the up-and-down movement of a thyroid cartilage, and a drink. It is a figure which shows the sensory test result of a sparkling alcoholic beverage. It is a figure which shows the sensory test result of a sparkling alcoholic beverage. It is a figure which shows the relationship between an amount of hyoid superior muscle group activity and a sparkling alcoholic beverage. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a swallowing sound time period and a sparkling alcoholic beverage. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the up-and-down movement of a thyroid cartilage, and an effervescent alcoholic beverage. It is a figure which shows the swallowing movement measuring system which concerns on the other Example of this invention using a reflection type optical sensor. It is a figure explaining the characteristic of a reflection type light sensor. It is a figure which shows the characteristic approximated curve of a reflection type optical sensor. It is an external view of a reflection type optical sensor. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the reflection type optical sensor to the sensor fixing plate. It is a figure which shows an optical sensor mounting apparatus, (a) is a front view, (b) is a fragmentary figure of a sensor attachment part. It is a figure which shows the state which mounted | wore the test subject with the optical sensor mounting apparatus. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of a larynx and a sensor at the time of mounting | wearing with an optical sensor mounting apparatus. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the output of an optical sensor, and swallowing exercise | movement.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 13.

  FIG. 5 is a block configuration diagram of a swallowing movement measuring apparatus that measures swallowing movements according to the embodiment of the present invention. The basic configuration of the swallowing motion measuring apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is the same as that of the swallowing motion measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and includes a measuring unit 110 and an analyzing unit 120. The measurement unit 110 includes a pressure sensor 111, a small bioelectrode 112, and a vibration pickup (microphone) 113. The measurement unit 110 is connected to amplifiers 114, 115, and 116, and is connected to a personal computer via an analog / digital converter 121 of the analysis unit 120. 122 is input.

  The electromyograph surface electrode 112 and the vibration pickup 113 are the same as those shown in FIG. 1. The EMG surface electrode 112 is attached to the front part of the cervical abdominal muscle, and the indifferent electrode (reference electrode) is attached to the earlobe. The vibration pickup 113 is attached so as to be positioned beside the cricoid cartilage (see FIG. 7) in the front neck so that the swallowing sound can be measured.

  The difference between the swallowing motion measuring device 100 and the swallowing motion measuring device 1 is in the pressure sensor 110 as described below. FIG. 6 shows a pressure sensor mounting tool 130 for mounting the pressure sensor to the neck. The pressure sensor mounting tool 130 includes a plastic sensor fixing tool 131 having a chin rest 131a and a sensor mounting part 131b, a urethane foam 132 fixed to the sensor mounting part 131b, and a mounting band 134 attached to the sensor fixing part. Have. Four pressure sensors s1, s2, s3, and s4 are fixed in the longitudinal direction at the center of the front surface of the urethane foam 132, and double-sided adhesive tape 133 is attached to both sides thereof.

The chin mounting table 131a is pivotally supported by a shaft 131c with respect to the sensor mounting portion 131b so that the angle of the plane of the chin supporting table 131a can be finely adjusted.
This is because the thyroid cartilage is very different from the person that it protrudes greatly to the person who is hardly conspicuous, especially in the case where the thyroid cartilage is not conspicuous, the output of each sensor may not be clearly obtained . In such a case, the thyroid cartilage may become clear when the head is slightly bent backwards and the throat is pushed forward, and this angle adjustment is used to maintain this state during continuous swallowing. FIG. 7 shows a state in which the pressure sensor wearing tool 130, the electromyograph 112, and the vibration pickup 113 are attached to the subject when the swallowing movement is measured using the swallowing movement measuring apparatus 100 according to the present invention.

As shown in the figure, the pressure sensor is mounted on the front neck using the pressure sensor mounting tool 130 shown in FIG. 6, but the pressure sensors s1, s2, s3 and s4 attached to the urethane foam are attached. Apply to the front neck. In this case, the lowest sensor s1 is placed on the thyroid cartilage and fixed to the double-sided adhesive tape 133 on the front surface of the urethane foam at that position. Further, in this state, the wearing band 134 is used to fix to the neck. Then, the subject's chin is placed on the chin rest 131a. By attaching as described above, the angle formed by the jaw and the neck can be fixed. This is because if the head is moved during the measurement and the angle formed by the jaw and the neck changes, the relative position between the thyroid cartilage and the pressure sensor shifts, making measurement impossible.
Further, the position of the chin is adjusted by interposing a low-resilience urethane foam having an appropriate thickness between the chin and the chin rest 131a. Further, as shown in the drawing, a rubber band is attached to the chin mounting table 131a so that the surface of the chin mounting table 131a can be fixed so as to engage with the ear.

In addition, the surface electrode 112 for the electromyograph is attached to the front part of the cervical abdominal muscle, and the indifferent electrode (reference electrode) is attached to the earlobe. In addition, the vibration pickup 113 is attached to the neck of a part located beside the cricoid cartilage.
(Experimental example)
With each sensor and detector attached as described above, the subject was allowed to continuously drink commercially available natural water as a sample, and a measurement experiment of the swallowing movement measuring device was performed. 8 to 10 show measurement data captured by the pressure sensor, myoelectric meter, and vibration pickup, respectively. The drinking time is about 10 seconds.

  From the output from the pressure sensor in FIG. 8, it can be seen that changes in the outputs of the four sensors s1, s2, s3, and s4 appear periodically. This represents the vertical movement of the pharynx (thyroid cartilage) that occurs when the beverage is continuously squeezed.

  FIG. 9 shows the output from the myoelectric meter, and the movement of the suprahyoid muscle group appears periodically. In addition, although two series of signals appear, this shows two series of signals from the electromyographs attached to the left and right, and shows peaks that appear in the same period.

  FIG. 10 shows an output waveform from the vibration pickup. Similarly, swallowing sounds are periodically detected.

  Here, the relationship between the swallowing motion and the outputs of the pressure sensors s1, s2, s3, and s4 will be described with reference to FIG. 11 and FIG. 8 described above.

  The movement of the thyroid cartilage when swallowing an object is linked to the lid (the epiglottis) that switches between the trachea and the esophagus, and when the object is swallowed, the thyroid cartilage rises (trachea → esophagus) and then returns to its original position. Return (esophagus-> trachea). Since the movement of the thyroid cartilage changes the protruding state of the throat skin, the movement of the thyroid cartilage can be detected by the output of the pressure sensor attached to the skin.

  FIG. 11 schematically shows the outputs of the pressure sensors s1, s2, s3, and s4 aligned in the vertical direction in relation to the movement of the thyroid cartilage. Before the start of swallowing, the top of the thyroid cartilage is at the position of the sensor s1 (FIG. 11a), and the output of s1 is in the highest state. At this time, since a part of the thyroid cartilage also corresponds to the sensor s2, an output of s2 is also generated, but its level is lower than s1. Then, when swallowed, the thyroid cartilage rises (FIG. 11b), and the output peak sequentially moves to the sensors s2, s3, and s4. Then, when drinking continuously (continuous swallowing exercise), the thyroid cartilage moves within the range of the arrow in FIG. 11b. In this embodiment, during continuous swallowing, the thyroid cartilage moves between the sensors s2 to s4, and the output peaks of the sensors appear sequentially according to the movement. The output change of the pressure sensors s1 to s4 described above varies depending on the attachment state of the detector to the thyroid cartilage, but changes to a situation where each sensor sequentially generates an output peak according to the movement of the thyroid cartilage during swallowing exercise. There is no.

  From the above experiment, it was found that the swallowing motion when the beverage is swallowed continuously can be electrically measured. In the swallowing movement measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, since the pressure sensor is attached to the pressure sensor mounting tool 130 having the above-described structure, the position of each sensor does not shift even when swallowing continuously. The change of the signal can be accurately measured, and therefore the swallowing movement can be accurately measured.

  Next, using the above-described continuous swallowing movement measuring device, thyroid cartilage, suprahyoid muscle activity amount and swallowing sound when a drink is continuously swallowed are measured, and the measurement results are considered.

  In general, when drinking a drink, for example, when the drink is water, juice, or beer, everyone feels that there is a difference in throat and ease of drinking depending on the type, but this is objective. There is still no probable method for evaluating it. The present inventors considered the objective evaluation of the drink throat, ease of swallowing, and drinkability by using the above-described swallowing movement measuring device.

  First, natural water, juice, and beer are selected as beverage samples, and these are continuously swallowed by a plurality of (10 subjects) using the above-described swallowing movement measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and the thyroid cartilage vertical movement time is selected. The measurement data of period, suprahyoid muscle activity, and swallowing sound time period were obtained and analyzed.

  First, the force applied to the muscle when drinking beer (upper hyoid muscle group muscle activity amount) is known from the measured value of the myoelectric meter. FIG. 12 shows the average value of muscle activity of 10 subjects of each drink. From this graph, the average value of muscle activity of water is smaller than that of juice and beer, and between water and juice and between water and beer. A significant difference was observed. In other words, when you drink juice or beer, you can see that your muscles are stronger than when you drink water.

  This means that it is easier to drink if the amount of muscle activity in the suprahyoid muscle is smaller. From this point of view, it can be said that beer and juice are harder to drink than water. On the other hand, this difficulty of drinking represents the active movement of the suprahyoid muscle group muscles, and may be one of the factors in establishing the indicators of "clean feeling" and "feeling of sensation" There is.

  Next, FIG. 13 shows the result of examining the average value of the swallowing sound time period (period in which the peak in FIG. 10 appears) obtained from the vibration pickup. Significant differences were observed between water and juice, and water and beer, and it was confirmed that the swallowing sound period was shorter when drinking juice and beer than when drinking water. In other words, it was suggested that the sound of “gokugoku” sounds better when drinking beer and juice than water.

  The frequent occurrence of a squeaky sound when drinking beverages continuously leads to the feeling of drinking beer while squeaking the throat, for example, “beer tastes over the throat” Therefore, there is a possibility that it can be one of the data that objectively represents the “feeling over the throat” of beer.

  FIG. 14 shows the results of examining the relationship between the thyroid cartilage vertical period obtained based on the measurement data from the pressure sensor and the type of beverage. Here, sensory evaluation of “ease of drinking” was performed on 10 subjects for water, juice, and beer (the order was given in the order of easy drinking), and the relationship between the order and the thyroid cartilage time period was shown. Is.

  The ranking of sensory evaluation was 1st for water, 2nd for juice, and 3rd for beer. Comparing the ease of swallowing of this sensory test with the thyroid cartilage up-and-down time period, the thyroid cartilage up-and-down time period evaluated as 3rd was the longest, and a significant difference was recognized from the 1st and 2nd samples. Therefore, there is a possibility that this thyroid cartilage time period can be one of the factors in establishing an index of “ease of drinking” of a beverage.

  As described above, the continuous swallowing movement measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment uses this to accurately measure the movement of the thyroid cartilage, the movement of the suprahyoid muscles and the swallowing sound when drinking beverage continuously. Moreover, by applying these measurement data to the evaluation and diagnosis of the subject's swallowing movement, it is possible to contribute to the diagnosis of the subject's swallowing ability and the evaluation and development of food and beverages.

In the above example, natural water, juice, and beer were selected as beverage samples, and the movement of the suprahyoid muscle group muscles, the swallowing sound period, and the thyroid cartilage time period were examined. As a sample, the results of experiments conducted with different types of sparkling alcoholic beverages will be described. As effervescent alcoholic beverages, beer A (beverage A), beer B (beverage B), and beer-like alcoholic beverage (beverage C) were selected as samples, and first, the characteristics of each sample were determined by sensory inspection.
15A and 15B show the results of sensory evaluation performed on 10 subjects for each sample of beverages A, B, and C. FIG. That is, in FIG. 15A, each subject evaluates each drink for “a refreshing feeling over the throat”, “an exhilarating feeling over the throat”, “you can drink a lot”, and “you can drink the amount”. As a result, the evaluation was made by assigning points in the stage from -2 points to +2 points. FIG. 15B is a result of the same evaluation for “easy to drink”, “like another cup”, and “feels good”.

From the sensory test results of FIGS. 15A and 15B, the characteristics of each beverage are summarized as follows.
About beverage A:
According to the sensory test results, the evaluations of “refreshing feeling over the throat”, “exhilarating feeling over the throat”, “drinkable”, “easy to drink” are negative. On the other hand, “having a drink” is the highest evaluation among the samples. That is, it can be said that it is a rich and rich type among sparkling alcoholic beverages.

About beverage B:
Among these three samples, “ease of drinking”, “refreshing feeling over the throat”, “exhilarating feeling over the throat”, “drinking comfortably”, etc. are higher than beverage A. . However, “drinking response” is clearly higher than beverage C although it does not reach beverage A. In other words, it has become clear that there is a moderate balance between the conflicting factors of ease of drinking and drinking response.

About beverage C:
The evaluation regarding the ease of drinking such as “easy to drink”, “fresh feeling over the throat”, “splendid feeling over the throat”, “can drink and drink”, “want to drink another” is the highest among the three samples. On the other hand, “there is a drinking response” was lower than beverages A and B. This revealed that the sample was characterized as a sparkling alcoholic beverage that was refreshing and light and easy to drink.
Next, for each sample having different characteristics as described above, the movement of the suprahyoid muscle group muscle, the swallowing sound time period, and the thyroid cartilage vertical time period in 10 subjects who participated in the sensory test were examined.

  FIG. 16 represents the average value of the amount of exercise of the suprahyoid muscle group for each of the beverages A, B, and C. From the graph, when drinking, beverages A, B, and C were ordered in descending order of the amount of activity in the throat muscles. A large amount of movement of the suprahyoid muscle group is predicted to be related to “there is a drinking response” which is the item of the sensory test, or conversely “ease of drinking”. It was found that there is an interesting relationship between the evaluation of “there is a drinking response” and the evaluation of “ease of drinking” of beverage C and the momentum of the suprahyoid muscle group.

  FIG. 17 shows the average value of the swallowing sound time period obtained from the vibration pickup. As described with reference to FIG. 13, this swallowing sound time period indicates that the shorter swallowing sound time period flows smoothly through the throat when drinking a beverage, and is predicted to be “easy to drink”. Looking at the measurement data, there is no significant difference in the data of beverages A, B, and C. However, beverage A that has “drinking response” is large, and beverage C that has been evaluated as “easy to drink” by the sensory test. Is estimated to be related to the data with the smallest value.

  FIG. 18 shows the results of examining the thyroid cartilage up-and-down time period obtained based on the measurement data of the pressure sensor. As shown in the graph, the cycle of the beverage C (beer-like alcoholic beverage) is the shortest and the difference from the beverage B is small, but the beverage A has the longest value. The data is expected to be able to evaluate the smoothness of the movement of the throat, and it is assumed that the shorter the time period, the more smoothly the beverage flows through the throat. There is an interesting relationship with the data that “the beverage B (beer) has the longest cycle” and the beverage C that is “easy to drink” has the shortest cycle.

  As described above, conventionally, it can be one of the indexes that objectively express the evaluation method of a drink sensed sensuously such as “drinking response”, “feeling over the throat”, “ease of drinking” as numerical data. There is a possibility that it can be used as an index for beverage development and beverage quality display.

  The continuous swallowing movement measuring device of the above embodiment describes an example in which the movement of the throat in the swallowing movement is picked up using a plurality of pressure sensors. Next, a non-contact sensor is used instead of the pressure sensor. A second embodiment for measuring the movement of the throat of the swallowing movement using a small reflective optical sensor will be described.

  First, a swallowing movement measuring system using a reflective optical sensor used in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  The swallowing movement measurement system includes a sensor unit 210 including a reflective optical sensor, a control circuit unit 220, and a data processing unit 230. As shown below, this system generates light from the optical sensor in response to the output pulse from the pulse generation circuit of the control circuit unit, detects the light reflected by the reflecting surface at the light receiving unit of the optical sensor, and The intensity of light is detected and amplified by a voltage detection circuit, input to a personal computer via an A / D converter, and the distance from the sensor reflection surface is calculated from the detected voltage, and is displayed and analyzed.

  The sensor unit 210 includes a light emitting element 11 and a light receiving element 212, and is configured to irradiate light to be measured with a light emitting element and to receive light reflected by the measuring part with the light receiving element. In this embodiment, an infrared light emitting diode (LED) is used as the light emitting element.

  The control circuit unit 220 includes a pulse generation circuit 221 and a detection circuit 222. A pulse generator circuit 221 generates a rectangular wave with an astable multivibrator and inputs it with a monostable multivibrator to generate a periodic pulse with a period of 10 ms and a width of 0.1 ms. The current circuit is driven to cause the light emitting element (LED) to emit light.

  The detection circuit 222 includes a detection voltage detection circuit for the output voltage of the light receiving element (phototransistor), and includes a sample hold circuit, a low-pass filter (LPF) for removing noise components, and a non-inverting amplification circuit for amplifying the detection voltage. ing.

  The sample hold circuit samples the phototransistor output when the drive pulse is 1, and holds it when it is 0. The sample pal and noise components due to the primary LPF are removed from the signal. The cut-off frequency was 140 Hz.

  The data processing unit 230 includes an A / D converter 231 and a personal computer 232.

  The output voltage detected by the detection circuit is sent to the data processing unit 230 and sent to the personal computer 232 via the A / D converter 231 for processing.

  20 and 21 show the experimental results of examining the characteristics of the reflective light sensor 210 used in this example. The graph of FIG. 20 shows the relationship between the distance and the output voltage of the sensor when the distance between the sensor and the reflecting surface is changed. As can be seen from the graph, the output voltage decreases rapidly as the distance increases, but increases beyond that. The output was minimized when the distance was around 1 mm.

From the output voltage characteristic, the characteristic suitable for measuring the distance between the sensor reflecting surfaces is a stable changing portion of the distance between the sensor reflecting surfaces to the output voltage characteristic, that is, the output voltage characteristic having a distance between the sensor reflecting surfaces of less than 1 mm, or the sensor. It can be seen that it is appropriate to use the output voltage characteristics when the distance between the reflecting surfaces is 5 mm or more and 15 mm or less. In the case of the measurement according to the present invention, an optical sensor is attached to the front neck as described later, and swallowing movement is measured in a non-contact manner. It can be seen that it is impossible to use voltage characteristics.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the distance between the sensor thyroid cartilages is set to a minimum of about 5 mm, and the stable characteristic portion of the output voltage characteristic of FIG. 20 having the distance between the sensor reflecting surfaces of 5 mm to 15 mm is used. Assuming this state, FIG. 21 shows output voltage characteristics of a portion where the distance of the sensor reflection surface is 5 mm or more and 15 mm or less. FIG. 21 is a characteristic curve with the horizontal axis representing the output voltage and the vertical axis representing the distance between the sensor reflecting surfaces.

  Next, a swallowing movement measuring apparatus for mounting and measuring the above-described optical sensor on a human larynx will be described.

  FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a reflective optical sensor 210 used in the present embodiment, and is shown together with wirings connected to electrodes of a light emitting element and a light receiving element.

  FIG. 23 shows a sensor fixing plate 251 of the optical sensor mounting tool 250 for mounting the optical sensor shown in FIG. 22 on the front neck.

  FIG. 24 shows the entire optical sensor mounting device 250. The optical sensor mounting device 250 fixes the sensor fixing plate 251 and the reflective optical sensor 210 mounted in alignment therewith, and the sensor fixing plate 251 to the front neck. Band 252 for the purpose. The sensor fixing plate 251 is a hard plate that does not bend. Pads 253 made of plastic having flexibility are attached to both sides of the optical sensor 210 on the sensor fixing plate 251. When the optical sensor mounting device 250 is mounted on the larynx, the pad 253 keeps the optical sensor 210 at a certain distance from the laryngeal surface, that is, in a non-contact state and is mounted on the larynx in a stable state. Is to do. In addition, a light-blocking urethane foam 254 is fixed to the pad 253 along the optical sensor row so as to prevent external light from entering the optical sensor 251.

  In this embodiment, twelve optical sensors 210 are used. As described with reference to FIG. 19, each optical sensor 210 is connected to the wiring from the control circuit unit 220, and the obtained output voltage received by the light receiving element 212 is sent to the data processing unit.

  FIG. 25 shows a state where the optical sensor wearing tool 250 shown in FIG. 24 is actually attached to the front neck of the subject. When mounting the sensor mounting device 250 on the larynx, as shown in FIG. 26, the row of the optical sensors 210 is just aligned with the position of the larynx, and the bottom of the 12 optical sensors are It is mounted so as to be located in the vicinity of the larynx. In this case, as described above, the distance between the optical sensor and the thyroid cartilage is set so that a distance of 5 mm is generated in a normal state.

  In this state, the beverage was drunk continuously in the same manner as in the example described above, and the output value of each photosensor was observed. FIG. 26A shows the position of the larynx before swallowing, and FIG. 26B shows the state where the position of the larynx after swallowing has risen.

  FIG. 27 shows changes over time in the outputs of the twelve optical sensors when the beverage is continuously drunk ((a) to (c)). In the figure, (a) shows the state before the start of swallowing, and shows that the distance between the sensor and the reflecting surface, that is, the front neck, is the smallest at the position indicated by the arrow. It shows that it is located.

  Next, (b) shows the state after the start of swallowing, and the closest point between the sensor and the larynx has moved to the position of the arrow. That is, it can be seen that the result of moving upward as the larynx swallows is shown. Further, (c) shows a state in which the larynx is located at the uppermost position after the start of swallowing. Furthermore, when drinking a drink continuously, the change of (b)-(c) of FIG. 25 will be observed repeatedly.

  From the above measurement results, the swallowing movement measuring device using the reflective optical sensor of the present embodiment can perform the ability and evaluation of the swallowing movement of the subject as in the swallowing movement measuring apparatus using the pressure sensor described above. It becomes possible.

  In this example, measuring the swallowing movement without contact using an optical sensor eliminates pressure on the neck caused by wearing the measuring device on the neck, and measures swallowing movement in a more natural state. It becomes possible to do. Further, since each sensor is attached to a fixed plate and does not come into contact with the larynx, the sensor itself does not move with swallowing movement, so that the position of the sensor is stable and measurement can be performed with high accuracy.

  Needless to say, the swallowing movement measuring apparatus using the above-described optical sensor can also be used in combination with a myoelectric meter or a vibration pick detecting means, as in the above-described embodiment. Moreover, even if it is a continuous swallowing exercise | movement measuring apparatus provided with any one among said each test | inspection means, it does not deviate from the main point of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Swallowing movement measuring apparatus 110 Measurement part 111 Pressure sensor 112 Myoelectric meter electrode 113 Vibration pick-up 114,115,116 Amplifier 120 Analysis part 121 A / D converter 122 Personal computer 130 Pressure sensor mounting tool 131 Pressure sensor fixing tool 131a Jaw mounting Table 131b Sensor mounting part 132 Urethane foam 133 Double-sided adhesive tape 200 Swallowing movement measurement system 210 Sensor part 211 Light emitting element 212 Light receiving element 220 Control control part 230 Data processing part 250 Optical sensor mounting device 251 Sensor fixing plate 253 Pad

Claims (4)

A plurality of reflective photosensors arranged along the vertical movement direction of thyroid cartilage when food is swallowed, and a sensor mounting tool for fixing the reflective photosensors to a subject's front neck at a predetermined interval With
The said sensor mounting tool is provided with the fixed plate which fixes the said reflection type optical sensor, and the holding | maintenance band which hold | maintains the said fixed plate in a test subject's front neck part, The continuous swallowing movement measuring apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.   The continuous swallowing movement measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reflective optical sensor includes a light emitting element including an infrared light emitting diode and an infrared detection phototransistor. The reflective optical sensor arranged and fixed on the fixing plate has a pad that provides a predetermined interval between the mounting portion and both sides along both sides of the arrangement direction and blocks external light. The continuous swallowing movement measuring device described. An optical sensor mounting tool that supports the reflective optical sensor and arranges the reflective optical sensor along the vertical movement direction of the thyroid cartilage, and the lowest sensor of the reflective optical sensor is positioned in the vicinity of the thyroid cartilage of the subject. And a distance between the reflective optical sensor and the front neck surface based on an output signal from each reflective optical sensor when the subject swallows the beverage continuously. The step of grasping, the step of reading the change in the position of the portion where the distance is minimum, and the vertical movement of the subject's thyroid cartilage when the beverage is swallowed continuously based on the movement cycle of the portion of the minimum Continuous swallowing movement measurement method to measure.