JP5056219B2 - Snow and snow adhesion prevention device for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Snow and snow adhesion prevention device for railway vehicles Download PDF

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JP5056219B2
JP5056219B2 JP2007180729A JP2007180729A JP5056219B2 JP 5056219 B2 JP5056219 B2 JP 5056219B2 JP 2007180729 A JP2007180729 A JP 2007180729A JP 2007180729 A JP2007180729 A JP 2007180729A JP 5056219 B2 JP5056219 B2 JP 5056219B2
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snow
ice
ultrasonic
skirt portion
adhesion
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JP2009018604A (en
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一雄 加藤
秀樹 里和
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Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、走行時に鉄道車両の車体への氷雪の付着を防止する鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置に関する。 The present invention, at the time of about the ice and snow antiadhesive equipment for railway vehicles to prevent the adhesion of snow and ice to the vehicle body of the railway vehicle running.

降雪地帯において、例えば、盛岡から秋田に向けて新幹線（登録商標）が在来線を走行する場合などレール上に積もった雪が、車輪荷重により溶融し水滴となったものが繰り返してスカート部や床下構造部などに付着する。そして、外気温度の低下、高速走行時の冷却作用により氷結し、さらに、この部分に大気中の雪、車体通過時に舞い上がった路線上の雪が付着し、成長していく。
特に、車輪前後のスカート部の内面に付着した氷雪は、場合によっては車輪近傍まで成長することがある。
そして、在来線に乗り入れた新幹線（登録商標）が盛岡から東京に向かう途中の気温の上昇により車体に付着した氷雪が自然落下すると、大きな氷雪片である場合には線路上のバラスト（砕石）を跳ね上げ、床下構造部に損傷を与える。特に、対向車両に遭遇した際の風圧で氷雪が落下する確率が高く、対向車両に損傷を与えるなど極めて危険な状態が起きる。
このような氷雪の車体への付着を防止するため、ゴムなどの弾性材料を使用し弾性材料を拡縮する技術が提案されているが、重量の点で問題があり採用されるに至っていない。
実公昭６３−１０３７８ In a snowfall area, for example, when the Shinkansen (registered trademark) travels on a conventional line from Morioka to Akita, the snow accumulated on the rail is melted by the wheel load into water droplets, and the skirt and floor Adhere to the structure. Then, it freezes due to the lowering of the outside air temperature and the cooling action during high-speed driving, and further, snow in the atmosphere and snow on the route that has risen when passing through the vehicle body adhere to this part and grow.
In particular, ice and snow adhering to the inner surfaces of the skirt portions before and after the wheel may grow to the vicinity of the wheel in some cases.
And if the snow and ice attached to the car body naturally falls due to the temperature rise on the way from Morioka to Tokyo when the Shinkansen (registered trademark) entered the conventional line, ballast (crushed stone) on the railroad track if it is a big ice piece Will cause damage to the underfloor structure. In particular, there is a high probability that ice and snow will fall due to the wind pressure when encountering an oncoming vehicle, resulting in a very dangerous situation such as damage to the oncoming vehicle.
In order to prevent such ice and snow from adhering to the vehicle body, a technique has been proposed in which an elastic material such as rubber is used to expand and contract the elastic material, but there is a problem in terms of weight, and it has not been adopted.
Jikosho 63-10378

そのため、車体に付着した氷雪が成長し走行に支障を来たしたり、自然落下した際の危険が大きいなどと判断された場合、予め多数の作業員を確保しておき、最寄の駅の空きレーンに車体を引き込み、決められた時間内でへらなどを用いて車体を傷めないように人力で氷雪を削り落とす作業がなされているのが現状である。
そしてこの作業は、車両に通電された状態であるため危険な作業となり、予め多数の作業員を確保しておかなければならないことからコストがかさみ、列車運行に遅れを来たす不具合があった。
本発明は前記事情に鑑み案出されたものであって、本発明の目的は、鉄道車両の車体への氷雪の付着を防止し、作業員による氷雪の剥離作業を省略でき、列車運行の遅れを防止できる鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置を提供することにある。 Therefore, if it is judged that ice and snow attached to the vehicle body will grow and hinder driving, or if it is judged that there is a large danger when it falls naturally, a large number of workers will be secured in advance and the nearest lane at the nearest station The current situation is that the car body is pulled in and the ice and snow are manually scraped off with a spatula within a predetermined time so as not to damage the car body.
This work is a dangerous work because the vehicle is energized, and a large number of workers must be secured in advance, resulting in a high cost and a delay in train operation.
The present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to prevent the adhesion of ice and snow to the body of a railway vehicle, and to eliminate the work of removing snow and snow by an operator, and to delay the train operation. It can be prevented to provide an ice and snow antiadhesive equipment for railway vehicles.

前記目的を達成するため本発明は、走行時に車体を構成する壁部への氷雪の付着を防止する鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置であって、前記車体を構成する壁部で前記氷雪が付着される面と反対に位置する面に、超音波を放射して前記壁部を超音波振動させる複数の超音波振動子が互いに間隔をおいて設けられ、車輪の周囲を囲むように前記車体にスカート部が設けられ、前記スカート部は前記車輪の前方および後方に臨む内面を有し、前記超音波振動子は前記内面と反対に位置する前記スカート部の外面に取着され、前記超音波の周波数は２０ＫＨｚ〜５０ＫＨｚであり、前記超音波の出力は２００Ｗ〜１５００Ｗであり、前記超音波振動子は、千鳥状に２００ｃｍ ２ 〜４００ｃｍ ２ の範囲に１個の割合で設けられ、前記各超音波振動子に供給する駆動電流の位相を揃えることで、複数の超音波振動子の超音波の波形を同期させ前記スカート部の外面を大きく波打たせて振動させることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an ice / snow adhesion preventing apparatus for a railway vehicle which prevents adhesion of ice / snow to a wall part constituting the vehicle body during traveling, wherein the ice / snow adheres to the wall part constituting the vehicle body. that the surface and the surface located on the opposite, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers to ultrasonic vibration of the wall portion to emit ultrasonic waves at intervals provided et al are each other, to the vehicle body so as to surround the periphery of the wheel A skirt portion is provided, the skirt portion has an inner surface facing the front and the rear of the wheel, and the ultrasonic transducer is attached to an outer surface of the skirt portion positioned opposite to the inner surface, and the ultrasonic wave frequency is 20 kHz to 50 kHz, the output of the ultrasonic wave is 200W～1500W, the ultrasonic transducer is provided at a ratio of one in the range of 200cm 2 ~400cm 2 in a zigzag pattern, wherein each ultrasonic Used for vibrator It is to align the phase of the drive current, and characterized in that to synchronize a plurality of ultrasonic wave of the ultrasonic vibrator to vibrate largely corrugate the outer surface of the skirt portion.

本発明によれば、車体の壁部を超音波振動させることにより、壁部に対する氷雪の付着を防止し、作業員による氷雪の剥離作業を省略でき、列車運行の遅れを防止できる。   According to the present invention, by ultrasonically vibrating the wall portion of the vehicle body, adhesion of ice and snow to the wall portion can be prevented, and the work of removing snow and snow by an operator can be omitted, and delays in train operation can be prevented.

以下、本発明の鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置を図面にしたがって説明する。
図１は鉄道車両の車輪部分の説明図、図２（Ａ）はスカート部の拡大斜視図、（Ｂ）はスカート部の側面図を示す。
鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置１２は、走行時、車体を構成する壁部（壁板）への氷雪の付着を防止するものである。
鉄道車両の車輪は、その前後左右が車体のスカート部１４により覆われており、走行時に、車輪の前方および後方に臨むスカート部１４の内面１４Ａに多くの氷雪が付着するため、本実施の形態では、スカート部１４の内面１４Ａと反対に位置する外面１４Ｂに鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置１２が設けられている。なお、鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置１２を設ける箇所は、スカート部１４に限定されず、車体に付着した氷雪を剥離したいその他の箇所に設けるなど任意である。 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a railway vehicle ice / snow adhesion preventing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a wheel portion of a railway vehicle, FIG. 2 (A) is an enlarged perspective view of a skirt portion, and (B) is a side view of the skirt portion.
The railway vehicle ice / snow adhesion preventing device 12 prevents adhesion of ice / snow to a wall (wall plate) constituting the vehicle body during traveling.
The wheel of the railway vehicle is covered with the skirt portion 14 of the vehicle body at the front, rear, left and right, and a lot of ice and snow adheres to the inner surface 14A of the skirt portion 14 facing the front and rear of the wheel during traveling. Then, the ice / snow adhesion preventing device 12 for railway vehicles is provided on the outer surface 14B located opposite to the inner surface 14A of the skirt portion 14. In addition, the location where the railway vehicle ice / snow adhesion preventing device 12 is provided is not limited to the skirt portion 14, and may be arbitrarily provided, for example, at other locations where the snow / ice adhered to the vehicle body is desired to be peeled off.

鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置１２は、超音波振動子１６を備えている。
超音波振動子１６は、車輪の前方および後方に臨むスカート部１４の内面１４Ａとは反対の面であるスカート部１４の外面１４Ｂに互いに間隔をおいて複数取着されている。
超音波振動子１６は、ケース１６０２と、超音波放射面１６０４とを有し、このような振動子として、様々な市販品が使用可能であり、大きさは何れも指先程度であり、例えば、多賀電気株式会社や本多電子株式会社の市販品が使用可能である。
超音波振動子１６は、その超音波放射面１６０４を外面１４Ｂに当て付けて（密着させて）取着されている。
この取着には、外面１４Ｂに形成された雌ねじに、ケース１６０２の先端外周の雄ねじを螺合することで行ってもよく、あるいは、接着剤を用いた接着でもよい。
本実施の形態では、超音波振動子１６は、スカート部１４の外面１４Ｂに千鳥状に２００ｃｍ２〜４００ｃｍ２程度の範囲に１個の割合で設けられている。 The ice / snow adhesion preventing device 12 for a railway vehicle includes an ultrasonic transducer 16.
A plurality of ultrasonic transducers 16 are attached to the outer surface 14B of the skirt portion 14, which is the surface opposite to the inner surface 14A of the skirt portion 14 facing the front and rear of the wheel, at intervals.
Ultrasonic transducer 16 includes a case 1602, and a ultrasonic radiating surface 1604, and such a vibrator, a variety of commercially available, any size is about fingertip, For example, commercially available products from Taga Electric Co., Ltd. and Honda Electronics Co., Ltd. can be used.
The ultrasonic transducer 16 is attached with its ultrasonic radiation surface 1604 applied (adhered to) the outer surface 14B.
This attachment may be performed by screwing the external thread on the outer periphery of the case 1602 into the internal thread formed on the outer surface 14B, or may be performed using an adhesive.
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer 16 is provided at a rate of one per 200cm 2 ~400cm 2 approximately in the range in a staggered manner on the outer surface 14B of the skirt portion 14.

超音波振動子１６には、配線１６１０を介して超音波振動子１６に超音波発生用の駆動電流の供給遮断を行なう超音波発振機が接続され、スイッチを操作員が操作することにより超音波発振機から超音波振動子１６への駆動電流の供給遮断が行われる。
また、前記超音波発振機に動作用の電源を供給する電源装置が設けられ、前記電源装置は車両走行用の電力から前記電源を生成している。
本実施の形態では、超音波振動子１６によって発生される超音波の周波数は、２０ＫＨｚ〜５０ＫＨｚ程度となり、かつ、超音波の出力は２００Ｗ〜１５００Ｗ程度となるように超音波振動子１６に供給される駆動電流が調整されている。
超音波の周波数が、２０ＫＨｚ〜５０ＫＨｚ程度だとスカート部１４の内面１４Ａへの氷雪の付着を防止する上で有利となり、超音波の周波数が２０ＫＨｚ未満だと、可聴周波数帯域となり、騒音発生の面で不利があり、５０ＫＨｚを超えると振動による機材、音波発生装置（振動子）の耐久性の面で不利がある。
また、超音波の出力が２００Ｗ〜１５００Ｗ程度だと、スカート部１４の内面１４Ａへの氷雪の付着を防止する上で有利となり、２００Ｗ未満だと、エネルギーが弱く、氷雪付着防止の面で不利があり、１５００Ｗを超えると、音波発生装置（振動子）そのものが大きくなり過ぎ、氷雪付着防止に必要とされる以上の過大電力を消費し、装置のサイズの面で不利がある。
また、超音波発振機による超音波振動子１６への駆動電流の供給に際して、各超音波振動子１６に供給する駆動電流の位相を揃えることで、複数の超音波振動子１６の超音波の波形（信号）を同期させ大きく振動させる（波打たせる）などするようにしてもよい。 An ultrasonic oscillator that cuts off the supply of driving current for generating ultrasonic waves is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 16 via the wiring 1610, and the ultrasonic transducer 16 is operated by operating the switch. The supply of drive current from the oscillator to the ultrasonic transducer 16 is cut off.
Further, a power supply device that supplies power for operation to the ultrasonic oscillator is provided, and the power supply device generates the power supply from electric power for vehicle travel.
In the present embodiment, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 16 is about 20 KHz to 50 KHz, and the output of the ultrasonic wave is supplied to the ultrasonic vibrator 16 so as to be about 200 W to 1500 W. The drive current is adjusted.
If the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is about 20 KHz to 50 KHz, it is advantageous for preventing the attachment of ice and snow to the inner surface 14A of the skirt portion 14, and if the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is less than 20 KHz, it becomes an audible frequency band, and the surface of noise generation If the frequency exceeds 50 KHz, there is a disadvantage in terms of durability of the equipment and the sound wave generator (vibrator) due to vibration.
Further, if the output of the ultrasonic wave is about 200 W to 1500 W, it is advantageous for preventing the attachment of ice and snow to the inner surface 14A of the skirt portion 14, and if it is less than 200 W, the energy is weak and there is a disadvantage in terms of preventing the attachment of ice and snow. Yes, if it exceeds 1500 W, the sound wave generator (vibrator) itself becomes too large and consumes excessive electric power more than necessary to prevent the adhesion of ice and snow, which is disadvantageous in terms of the size of the apparatus.
In addition, when the drive current is supplied to the ultrasonic transducers 16 by the ultrasonic oscillator, the phases of the drive currents supplied to the ultrasonic transducers 16 are aligned so that the ultrasonic waveforms of the plural ultrasonic transducers 16 are obtained. (Signal) may be synchronized and greatly vibrated (wavy).

また、本実施の形態では、超音波振動子１６が取り付けられるスカート部１４の部分は、吸音性を高めるための小孔が多数形成された複数のアルミ合金製板（パンチングメタル）２４で構成されている。
各アルミ合金製板２４の一方の面がスカート部１４の内面１４Ａを構成し、他方の面がスカート部１４の外面１４Ｂを構成し、各アルミ合金製板の他方の面に複数の超音波振動子１６が取り付けられることで１つのユニットが形成される。
そして、このユニット化されたものをボルトにより車体のフレームに取り付け、このようにしてスカート部１４と共に鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置１２が車体に組みつけられることになる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the portion of the skirt portion 14 to which the ultrasonic transducer 16 is attached is constituted by a plurality of aluminum alloy plates (punching metal) 24 in which a large number of small holes for enhancing sound absorption are formed. ing.
One surface of each aluminum alloy plate 24 constitutes the inner surface 14A of the skirt portion 14, the other surface constitutes the outer surface 14B of the skirt portion 14, and a plurality of ultrasonic vibrations are formed on the other surface of each aluminum alloy plate. One unit is formed by attaching the child 16.
Then, the unitized product is attached to the frame of the vehicle body with bolts, and the ice / snow adhesion preventing device 12 for a railway vehicle is assembled to the vehicle body together with the skirt portion 14 in this way.

なお、鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置１２が取着された面と反対の面、すなわち、氷雪が付着される壁部の面（スカート部１４の内面１４Ａ）に、摩擦係数の小さいフッ素樹脂などによりコーティングを施したり、超高分子量ポリエチレン（ＵＨＭＷＰＥ）による皮膜を形成するなど、自己潤滑性を高めるための表面処理を施すと、除氷雪効能が高まり、氷雪の付着を防止する上で有利となる。
In addition, the surface opposite to the surface on which the railway vehicle ice / snow adhesion preventing device 12 is attached, that is, the wall surface (the inner surface 14A of the skirt portion 14) to which the ice / snow adheres is made of a fluororesin having a small friction coefficient. Applying a surface treatment for improving self-lubricating properties, such as coating or forming a film of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), increases the deicing snow effect and is advantageous in preventing the adhesion of ice snow.

本実施の形態では、降雪地帯の気温や降雪の状況に応じ氷雪の付着が想定される場合に、超音波振動子１６を駆動すると、超音波振動子１６から超音波が放射されスカート部１４が超音波振動される。
そして、スカート部１４が超音波振動されていることから、スカート部１４の内面１４Ａに向けて飛散された氷雪は内面１４Ａに付着して成長しにくく、内面１４Ａから剥落され、スカート部１４の内面１４Ａへの氷雪の付着が防止される。
したがって、本実施の形態によれば、超音波振動を利用して車両の壁部への氷雪の付着を防止でき、作業員による氷雪の剥離作業を省略してコストダウンを図り、また、列車運行の遅れを防止する上で極めて有利となる。 In the present embodiment, when the attachment of ice / snow is assumed according to the temperature of the snowfall area or the snowfall situation, when the ultrasonic vibrator 16 is driven, the ultrasonic wave is emitted from the ultrasonic vibrator 16 and the skirt portion 14 is moved. It is vibrated ultrasonically.
Since the skirt portion 14 is ultrasonically vibrated, the ice and snow scattered toward the inner surface 14A of the skirt portion 14 adheres to the inner surface 14A and hardly grows, and is peeled off from the inner surface 14A. The adhesion of ice and snow to 14A is prevented.
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the attachment of ice and snow to the vehicle wall using ultrasonic vibration, to reduce the cost by eliminating the work of peeling ice and snow by the worker, and to train operation This is extremely advantageous in preventing the delay.

鉄道車両の車輪部分の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the wheel part of a railway vehicle. （Ａ）はスカート部１４の拡大斜視図、（Ｂ）はスカート部１４の側面図である。(A) is an enlarged perspective view of the skirt part 14, and (B) is a side view of the skirt part 14.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１２……鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置、１４……スカート部、１６……超音波振動子。   12... Snow and snow adhesion prevention device for railway vehicles, 14... Skirt, 16.

Claims (2)

走行時に車体を構成する壁部への氷雪の付着を防止する鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置であって、
前記車体を構成する壁部で前記氷雪が付着される面と反対に位置する面に、超音波を放射して前記壁部を超音波振動させる複数の超音波振動子が互いに間隔をおいて設けられ、
車輪の周囲を囲むように前記車体にスカート部が設けられ、
前記スカート部は前記車輪の前方および後方に臨む内面を有し、
前記超音波振動子は前記内面と反対に位置する前記スカート部の外面に取着され、
前記超音波の周波数は２０ＫＨｚ〜５０ＫＨｚであり、
前記超音波の出力は２００Ｗ〜１５００Ｗであり、
前記超音波振動子は、千鳥状に２００ｃｍ ２ 〜４００ｃｍ ２ の範囲に１個の割合で設けられ、
前記各超音波振動子に供給する駆動電流の位相を揃えることで、複数の超音波振動子の超音波の波形を同期させ前記スカート部の外面を大きく波打たせて振動させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置。 An ice / snow adhesion preventing apparatus for railway vehicles that prevents adhesion of ice / snow to the walls constituting the vehicle body during traveling,
A plurality of ultrasonic transducers that radiate ultrasonic waves and ultrasonically vibrate the wall portion are provided at intervals on a surface of the wall portion that constitutes the vehicle body that is opposite to the surface to which the ice and snow are attached. et al is,
A skirt portion is provided on the vehicle body so as to surround the wheel,
The skirt portion has an inner surface facing the front and rear of the wheel,
The ultrasonic transducer is attached to the outer surface of the skirt portion located opposite to the inner surface,
The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 KHz to 50 KHz,
The output of the ultrasonic wave is 200W-1500W,
The ultrasonic transducer is provided at a ratio of one in the range of 200cm 2 ~400cm 2 in a zigzag pattern,
By aligning the phase of the drive current supplied to each of the ultrasonic transducers, the ultrasonic waveforms of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers are synchronized to vibrate the outer surface of the skirt part greatly,
The apparatus for preventing adhesion of snow and ice for railway vehicles according to claim 1. 前記氷雪が付着される面に、自己潤滑性を高めるための表面処理が施されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の鉄道車両用氷雪付着防止装置。 The surface to which the ice and snow are attached is subjected to a surface treatment for enhancing self-lubricity.
The apparatus for preventing adhesion of snow and ice for railway vehicles according to claim 1.
JP2007180729A 2007-07-10 2007-07-10 Snow and snow adhesion prevention device for railway vehicles Expired - Fee Related JP5056219B2 (en)

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JPS6053669U (en) * 1983-09-22 1985-04-15 財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 Snow accretion prevention structure for body-mounted railway vehicles
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JPH06299732A (en) * 1993-04-12 1994-10-25 Masao Kanazawa Roof snow remover
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JP4234369B2 (en) * 2002-08-02 2009-03-04 日本車輌製造株式会社 Snow prevention device for sliding door for vehicle
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JP2009018616A (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-29 Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The Device and method for melting ice and snow accreted on railroad vehicle
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JP2009029242A (en) * 2007-07-26 2009-02-12 Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The Ice/snow removal device for railway vehicle, and ice/snow removal method for railway vehicle

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