JP5052872B2 - Retaining wall construction method - Google Patents
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- JP5052872B2 JP5052872B2 JP2006325763A JP2006325763A JP5052872B2 JP 5052872 B2 JP5052872 B2 JP 5052872B2 JP 2006325763 A JP2006325763 A JP 2006325763A JP 2006325763 A JP2006325763 A JP 2006325763A JP 5052872 B2 JP5052872 B2 JP 5052872B2
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Retaining Walls (AREA)
Description
本発明は、板状や網状の高分子材料からなるストリップ材をはちの巣構造にしたハニカム状立体補強材に、充填材を充填したハニカム構造体を複数層積層して構築する擁壁の構築方法に関する。また前述のハニカム構造体と杭を組み合わせて、ハニカム構造体の各層間に一体性をもたせた擁壁の構築方法に関する。またハニカム構造体を複数層積層して構築する擁壁の排水に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for constructing a retaining wall constructed by laminating a plurality of honeycomb structures filled with a filler to a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having a honeycomb structure made of a strip material made of a plate-like or net-like polymer material. . The present invention also relates to a method for constructing a retaining wall in which the honeycomb structure and the pile described above are combined so that each layer of the honeycomb structure is integrated. The present invention also relates to drainage of a retaining wall constructed by laminating a plurality of honeycomb structures.
以前より板状や網状の高分子材料からなるストリップ材をはちの巣構造にしたハニカム状立体補強材は知られており、このハニカム状立体補強材に充填材を充填したハニカム構造体は（以下、ハニカム状立体補強材に充填材を充填した構造体を「ハニカム構造体」と記す）地盤の補強材、道路の路盤材、歩道の基礎材、仮設道路、擁壁の資材に利用されてきた。 A honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having a honeycomb structure made of a strip material made of a plate-like or net-like polymer material has been known, and a honeycomb structure in which this honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material is filled with a filler (hereinafter referred to as a honeycomb structure). A structure in which a filler is filled in a solid three-dimensional reinforcing material is referred to as a “honeycomb structure”). It has been used as a ground reinforcing material, a road base material, a sidewalk foundation material, a temporary road, and a retaining wall material.
さらに、ハニカム構造体を一定の高さまで複数層積層し擁壁として使用した構造体（以下、「ハニカム擁壁」と記す）もよく知られている（「特許文献１」、「非特許文献１」の「１１９ページ」）。また、下部のハニカム構造体に対して、その上に載せるハニカム構造体を下部よりも地山側に後退させることにより、階段状にハニカム構造体を形成して階段状の法面を作ることができる。その際、後退幅を調節することにより、構築する法面の勾配を調整することができる。 Further, a structure in which a plurality of honeycomb structures are laminated to a certain height and used as a retaining wall (hereinafter referred to as “honeycomb retaining wall”) is also well known (“Patent Document 1”, “Non-Patent Document 1”). "Page 119"). In addition, by lowering the honeycomb structure placed on the lower honeycomb structure to the natural ground side from the lower part, the honeycomb structure can be formed in a step shape to form a stepped slope. . At that time, the slope of the slope to be constructed can be adjusted by adjusting the receding width.
しかしハニカム構造体のみを用いて擁壁を構築する際には、あまり壁高の高い擁壁を構築することができなかった。なぜなら上下のハニカム構造体との間には結合要素が充填材の摩擦力のみしかなく、背面土圧や法面方向への力に対して強く対抗できず、ハニカム擁壁構造の一体性が弱かったからである。 However, when a retaining wall is constructed using only a honeycomb structure, it has not been possible to construct a retaining wall with a very high wall height. This is because the bonding element between the upper and lower honeycomb structures is only the frictional force of the filler, and it cannot strongly resist the back earth pressure or the force in the direction of the slope, and the integrity of the honeycomb retaining wall structure is weak. This is because the.
さらにハニカム擁壁は地山の上に載っているにすぎず、地山とハニカム擁壁の間の安定性は充填材と地山の摩擦力のみに依存していた。そのため擁壁の壁高を高くするとハニカム擁壁の安定性に問題があった。さらにハニカム擁壁の安定性に問題があったために、壁高を高くした場合にはハニカム擁壁の勾配を急峻にすることができなかった。 Furthermore, the honeycomb retaining wall only rests on the natural ground, and the stability between the natural ground and the honeycomb retaining wall depended only on the friction between the filler and the natural ground. Therefore, when the height of the retaining wall is increased, there is a problem in the stability of the honeycomb retaining wall. Further, there was a problem with the stability of the honeycomb retaining wall, so that when the wall height was increased, the gradient of the honeycomb retaining wall could not be made steep.
これらの問題を解決するために、「非特許文献２」の「１１９ページ、図−４．９ ジオシンセティックを用いる方法 （ｏ）」のようにハニカム擁壁とジオグリッドを併用して壁高の高い擁壁を施工する施工方法も考案された。この方法はハニカム擁壁を法面側に用い、その背後の地山方向にジオグリッドを敷設していく、というものである。ハニカム擁壁とジオグリッドを併用することにより、ハニカム擁壁にジオグリッドによるアンカー効果を付与し、また背面土圧をジオグリッドが引き受けることによりハニカム擁壁そのものにかかる土圧を軽減できる、というメリットがあった。 In order to solve these problems, as shown in “Non-Patent Document 2”, page 119, Figure-4.9 Method of using geosynthetic (o) ” A construction method for constructing high retaining walls was also devised. This method uses a honeycomb retaining wall on the slope side and lays a geogrid in the natural ground direction behind it. By using the honeycomb retaining wall and geogrid together, the geogrid anchor effect is given to the honeycomb retaining wall, and the earth pressure applied to the honeycomb retaining wall itself can be reduced by taking the earth pressure on the back surface. was there.
しかしハニカム擁壁とジオグリッドを併用する工法を用いると、ハニカム擁壁の背面にジオグリッドを敷設するスペースを確保するため、背面の地山をより多く掘削しなければならなかった。そのため、背面の地山を掘削できないなど、ジオグリッドを敷設するスペースを確保できないような場所にはこの工法を利用できず、このような場所においてはハニカム擁壁による壁高の高い擁壁を構築することは諦めなければならなかった。 However, when using a method that uses both the honeycomb retaining wall and geogrid, it was necessary to excavate more ground on the back to secure the space for laying the geogrid on the back of the honeycomb retaining wall. For this reason, this method cannot be used in places where it is not possible to secure a space for laying geogrids, such as when the back ground cannot be excavated. In such places, a high retaining wall with a honeycomb retaining wall is constructed. I had to give up to do.
一方、ハニカム状立体補強材は高分子製（樹脂製）であるため、ハニカム構造体のセル内に雨水・わき水等の水が溜まり、ハニカム擁壁が不安定化するという問題があった。この問題を解決しようと、特許文献２および特許文献３ではハニカム状立体補強材のストリップ材に孔を開けて、セル内の水を抜く工夫がなされた。しかし、この水抜き孔だけでは十分な排水ができず、特にハニカム状立体補強材に透水性の極めて小さい充填材（粘性土など）が充填されたハニカム構造体で構築されたハニカム擁壁では、セル内に溜まった水のために擁壁全体の崩壊に繋がるおそれもあった。 On the other hand, since the honeycomb-like three-dimensional reinforcing material is made of a polymer (made of resin), there is a problem that water such as rain water and side water accumulates in the cells of the honeycomb structure and the honeycomb retaining wall becomes unstable. In order to solve this problem, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 have been devised to make holes in the strip material of the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material to drain water in the cell. However, sufficient drainage is not possible only with this drain hole, especially in the honeycomb retaining wall constructed of a honeycomb structure in which a honeycomb-like three-dimensional reinforcing material is filled with a filler with extremely low water permeability (such as viscous soil), There was also a risk of the entire retaining wall collapsing due to water accumulated in the cell.
また、構築したハニカム擁壁とその背面地山または裏込め土部分（以下、「擁壁背面地山部」という）との間には一体性が得られず、ハニカム擁壁の天端部分とその擁壁背面地山部とが接する部分に亀裂が入る恐れがあった。さらにその亀裂に雨水等が侵入すると、亀裂が深く大きく成長し、ハニカム擁壁の安定性を脅かした。 In addition, there is no unity between the constructed honeycomb retaining wall and the back ground or backfill soil portion (hereinafter referred to as “retaining wall back ground”), and the top end portion of the honeycomb retaining wall There was a risk of cracks coming into contact with the back wall of the retaining wall. Furthermore, when rainwater or the like entered the crack, the crack grew deep and large, threatening the stability of the honeycomb retaining wall.
また、ハニカム擁壁天端を走った雨水等の水がハニカム擁壁法面側端部からハニカム擁壁法面部を伝って流下する際、擁壁天端端部を構成するハニカム構造体の角部に抵抗が発生し、流れる水のためにハニカム構造体セル内の充填材が流出する恐れがあった。 In addition, when water such as rain water that has run through the honeycomb retaining wall top end flows down from the honeycomb retaining wall slope end portion along the honeycomb retaining wall slope end portion, the corners of the honeycomb structure constituting the retaining wall top end portion As a result, resistance was generated in the portion, and the filler in the honeycomb structure cell might flow out due to the flowing water.
さらに、ハニカム擁壁を構築する場所が降雪地域の場合、積雪がハニカム擁壁天端の法面側端部から滑り落ち、それに伴ってハニカム状立体補強材の法面側部分がめくれ上がる恐れがあった。とりわけ、擁壁天端端部を構成するハニカム構造体の角部が滑り落ちる雪に引っかかり、それが被害を増大させる傾向にあった。 Furthermore, if the location where the honeycomb retaining wall is built is a snowfall area, snow may slide off from the edge of the honeycomb retaining wall top edge, and the slope-side part of the honeycomb solid reinforcing material may turn up accordingly. there were. In particular, the corners of the honeycomb structure constituting the top end of the retaining wall were caught by snow that slid, which tended to increase damage.
本発明の目的は、安定性が高く、排水性が良く、降雨や降雪にも強いハニカム状立体補強材を利用した擁壁を構築する方法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a retaining wall using a honeycomb three-dimensional reinforcing material that has high stability, good drainage, and is resistant to rainfall and snowfall.
本発明はこの課題を解決するためになされたものであり、請求項１記載の発明は、
板状または網状の高分子材料からなるストリップ材をはちの巣構造にしたハニカム状立体補強材に充填材を充填したハニカム構造体を複数層積層して構築する擁壁の構築方法であって、
当該擁壁を構成するハニカム構造体層を積層する工程が、
当該ハニカム状立体補強材に透水性の小さい充填材を充填したハニカム構造体層と、
当該ハニカム状立体補強材に透水性の大きい充填材を充填した透水性ハニカム構造体層とを積層する工程を含み、
当該擁壁を構築する過程で、少なくとも３層のハニカム構造体層を貫く杭を打ち込むことを特徴とする擁壁の構築方法
である。
The present invention has been made to solve this problem, and the invention according to claim 1
A method for constructing a retaining wall constructed by laminating a plurality of honeycomb structures filled with a filler in a honeycomb-like three-dimensional reinforcing material having a honeycomb structure made of a strip material made of a plate-like or net-like polymer material ,
The step of laminating the honeycomb structure layer constituting the retaining wall includes:
A honeycomb structure layer in which the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material is filled with a filler having a low water permeability;
Including a step of laminating a honeycomb structure layer filled with a highly permeable filler to the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material ,
In the process of constructing the retaining wall, a retaining wall construction method is characterized in that a pile penetrating through at least three honeycomb structure layers is driven .
請求項２記載の発明は、
前記透水性ハニカム構造体層が、ストリップ材に複数の孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材にきれいな砂、粗砂、礫、細礫、中礫、粗礫、砂利、砕石、割ぐり石、玉石、再生クラッシャーランから選ばれた少なくとも１つの充填材を充填した透水性ハニカム構造体層であり、当該透水性ハニカム構造体層を１層以上含むことを特徴とする請求項１記載の擁壁の構築方法である。
The invention according to claim 2
The water-permeable honeycomb structure layer is a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having a plurality of holes in a strip material, clean sand, coarse sand, gravel, fine gravel, medium gravel, gravel, gravel, crushed stone, quarry stone, cobblestone, The method for constructing a retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the retaining wall is a water-permeable honeycomb structure layer filled with at least one filler selected from regenerated crusher runs, and includes at least one water-permeable honeycomb structure layer. It is.
請求項３記載の発明は、透水性ハニカム構造体層の構築に用いるハニカム状立体補強材が、法面を形成する部分である法面部ストリップ材を除くストリップ材に複数の孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材であることを特徴とする請求項１または２のいずれかに記載の擁壁の構築方法である。
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material used for the construction of the water-permeable honeycomb structure layer has a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional structure having a plurality of holes in the strip material excluding the slope portion strip material which is a portion forming the slope. It is a reinforcing material, It is the construction method of the retaining wall in any one of Claim 1 or 2 .
請求項４記載の発明は、透水性ハニカム構造体層を擁壁の上部と中部と下部との少なくとも３カ所にそれぞれ１層以上設けることを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれかに記載の擁壁の構築方法である。
Invention according to claim 4, according to any one of claims 1, characterized in that provided at least three locations in each one or more layers of the upper and middle and bottom of the retaining wall of the water-permeable honeycomb structure layer 3 Retaining wall construction method.
請求項５記載の発明は、ハニカム構造体層を積層する工程が、透水性ハニカム構造体層の上に当該透水性ハニカム構造体層の奥行き以上の長さの吸出防止材を敷設し、さらに当該吸出防止材の上に透水性の小さいハニカム構造体層を積層することを含んでいる工程である請求項１から４のいずれかに記載の擁壁の構築方法である。
In the invention according to claim 5, in the step of laminating the honeycomb structure layer, a sucking prevention material having a length equal to or longer than the depth of the water permeable honeycomb structure layer is laid on the water permeable honeycomb structure layer. The method for constructing a retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the method includes a step of laminating a honeycomb structure layer having a low water permeability on the suction preventing material.
請求項６記載の発明は、擁壁上部から擁壁背面地山部上部にわたって両方にまたがるようにクラック抑制材としてジオテキスタイルを少なくとも１層敷設する工程を含む請求項１から５のいずれかに記載の擁壁の構築方法である。
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 including the step of laying at least one layer of geotextile as crack suppression member to span both over retaining wall rear locations crest top of the retaining wall upper Retaining wall construction method.
請求項７記載の発明は、クラック抑制材としてジオテキスタイルを少なくとも１層敷設する工程が、ジオテキスタイルの一方の端部が擁壁最上層のハニカム構造体層の１層下のハニカム構造体層の上に、もう一方の端部が擁壁背面地山部上部にそれぞれアンカーピンで固定する工程であることを特徴とする請求項１から６のいずれかに記載の擁壁の構築方法である。
In the invention according to claim 7, the step of laying at least one layer of the geotextile as a crack suppressing material is performed on the honeycomb structure layer below one of the honeycomb structure layers of the uppermost retaining wall at one end of the geotextile. The method for constructing a retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the other end is a step of fixing to the upper part of the retaining wall back ground portion with an anchor pin.
請求項８記載の発明は、擁壁天端の法面側端部に土嚢または植生土嚢を敷設する工程を含む請求項１から７のいずれかに記載の擁壁の構築方法である。
Invention of Claim 8 is the construction method of the retaining wall in any one of Claim 1 to 7 including the process of laying the sandbag or the vegetation sandbag in the slope side edge part of the retaining wall top.
請求項９記載の発明は、土嚢または植生土嚢を敷設する工程が、擁壁天端の法面側端部に土嚢または植生土嚢をアンカーピンで固定し、当該土嚢または植生土嚢の背面地山側の部分に充填材を充填する工程であることを特徴とする請求項１から８のいずれかに記載の擁壁の構築方法である。
In the invention according to claim 9, in the step of laying the sandbag or vegetation sandbag, the sandbag or vegetation sandbag is fixed to the slope side end of the retaining wall top with an anchor pin, a retaining wall construction method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the step of filling a filler in a portion.
請求項１０記載の発明は、請求項１から９のいずれかに記載の構築方法で構築した擁壁である。
A tenth aspect of the present invention is a retaining wall constructed by the construction method according to any one of the first to ninth aspects.
請求項１１記載の発明は、板状または網状の高分子材料からなるストリップ材をはちの巣構造にしたハニカム状立体補強材に透水性の小さい充填材が充填されたハニカム構造体層と、法面を形成する部分である法面部ストリップ材を除くストリップ材に複数の孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材にきれいな砂、きれいな砂と礫の混合土、粗砂、礫、細礫、中礫、粗礫、砂利、砕石、割ぐり石、玉石、再生クラッシャーランから選ばれた少なくとも１つの充填材が充填された透水性ハニカム構造体層とから構成される積層体であって、積層体を構成する３つ以上の層が杭で結合されていることを特徴とする擁壁である。
The invention according to claim 11 is a honeycomb structure layer in which a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having a honeycomb structure made of a strip material made of a plate-like or net-like polymer material is filled with a filler having a low water permeability, and a slope. A honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material that has a plurality of holes in the strip material excluding the slope part strip material that is the forming part, clean sand, clean sand and gravel mixed soil, coarse sand, gravel, fine gravel, medium gravel, coarse gravel, A laminate comprising a water permeable honeycomb structure layer filled with at least one filler selected from gravel, crushed stone, granite, cobblestone, and regenerated crusher run, and three or more constituting the laminate It is a retaining wall characterized by being connected by piles.
請求項１１記載の発明は、擁壁の上部と中部と下部との少なくとも３カ所にそれぞれ１層以上の透水性ハニカム構造体層があり、
透水性ハニカム構造体層の上に、当該透水性ハニカム構造体層の奥行き以上の長さの吸出防止材が敷設され、さらに当該吸出防止材の上に透水性の小さいハニカム構造体層が積層されており、
クラック抑制材としてのジオテキスタイルの一方の端部が、擁壁最上層のハニカム構造体層の１層下のハニカム構造体層の上に、もう一方の端部が擁壁背面地山部上部にそれぞれアンカーピンで固定され、
擁壁天端の法面側端部に土嚢または植生土嚢がアンカーピンで固定され、当該土嚢または植生土嚢の地山側の部分に充填材が充填されていることを特徴とする請求項１１記載の擁壁である。
The invention according to claim 11 has one or more permeable honeycomb structure layers in at least three locations of an upper portion, a middle portion, and a lower portion of the retaining wall,
On the water permeable honeycomb structure layer, a sucking prevention material having a length longer than the depth of the water permeable honeycomb structure layer is laid, and a honeycomb structure layer having a low water permeability is laminated on the sucking prevention material. And
One end of the geotextile as a crack suppression material is on the honeycomb structure layer one layer below the honeycomb structure layer of the uppermost retaining wall, and the other end is on the upper part of the backside of the retaining wall. Fixed with anchor pins,
The sandbag or vegetation sandbag is fixed with an anchor pin at a slope-side end of the retaining wall top, and a filler is filled in a ground-side portion of the sandbag or vegetation sandbag. Retaining wall.
本発明による、透水性の小さい充填材を充填したハニカム構造体層と透水層とを含む積層体を形成する工程と、積層体を構成する２つ以上の層を杭で結合させる工程とを含む擁壁の構築方法を利用することで、従来よりも安定性の高いハニカム擁壁を構築することができる。 The method includes a step of forming a laminate including a honeycomb structure layer filled with a low water-permeable filler and a water permeable layer, and a step of joining two or more layers constituting the laminate with a pile. By using the retaining wall construction method, it is possible to construct a honeycomb retaining wall that is more stable than the conventional one.
また上記ハニカム擁壁上部から擁壁背面地山部上部にわたって両方にまたがるようにクラック抑止材としてジオテキスタイルを敷設することで、擁壁背面と擁壁背面地山部との間に雨水等による浸食よって発生するクラックを抑えることでき、より安定性の高いハニカム擁壁を構築できる。 In addition, by laying geotextile as a crack suppression material so that it spans both from the upper part of the honeycomb retaining wall to the upper part of the retaining wall back surface, it is eroded by rain water between the retaining wall back surface and the retaining wall back surface ground part. The crack which generate | occur | produces can be suppressed and a more stable honeycomb retaining wall can be constructed | assembled.
さらに上記ハニカム擁壁天端の法面側端部に土嚢または植生土嚢を設置することで、雨水等の水による充填材の流出や、積雪によるハニカム状立体補強材の法面部のめくれを抑えることができ、より安定性の高いハニカム擁壁を構築できる。 Furthermore, by installing sandbags or vegetation sandbags at the slope side end of the honeycomb retaining wall top edge, it is possible to suppress the outflow of the filler due to rainwater and the like, and the turning of the sloped part of the honeycomb three-dimensional reinforcing material due to snow accumulation. And a more stable honeycomb retaining wall can be constructed.
安定性の高いハニカム擁壁を構築できることにより、壁高の高く、急峻な勾配のハニカム擁壁を構築することが可能である。 Since a highly stable honeycomb retaining wall can be constructed, a honeycomb retaining wall having a high wall height and a steep gradient can be constructed.
図１は、この発明の擁壁に利用するハニカム状立体補強材１の展張前の斜視図である。ハニカム状立体補強材１は、複数枚の高密度ポリエチレンのストリップ材２を一定間隔の結合部位４にて結合したものである。このハニカム状立体補強材１は展張方向５に展張してハニカム状のセル構造を形成する。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material 1 used for a retaining wall of the present invention before expansion. The honeycomb three-dimensional reinforcing material 1 is obtained by bonding a plurality of high-density polyethylene strip materials 2 at bonding sites 4 at regular intervals. The honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material 1 is stretched in the stretching direction 5 to form a honeycomb-shaped cell structure.
ハニカム状立体補強材１のストリップ材には排水性を向上させるために孔３を設けた方がよい。孔の大きさや形状はどのようなものでもよいが、特に大きさが１ｃｍ程度の円形のものがよい。さらに孔の数は多い方が良いが、多すぎるとストリップ材の強度が低下するため、ストリップ材の面積の４０％を越えない程度の数がよい。また孔の配置は直列でも千鳥配置でもよい。 The strip material of the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material 1 is preferably provided with holes 3 in order to improve drainage. The hole may have any size or shape, but a circular shape having a size of about 1 cm is particularly preferable. Furthermore, it is better that the number of holes is large, but if the number is too large, the strength of the strip material is lowered, so that the number should not exceed 40% of the strip material area. Further, the holes may be arranged in series or in a staggered manner.
図２は、この発明の擁壁に利用するハニカム状立体補強材１のうち、法面を形成する部分である法面部ストリップ材６を除くストリップ材に複数の孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材の展張前の斜視図である。ストリップ材に有する孔の径より粒度の細かい充填材をハニカム状立体補強材に充填し法面部を形成する場合、法面部からの土こぼれを防止するために法面部ストリップ材に孔のないハニカム状立体補強材を用いる。ただし、法面部ストリップ材内側のセルに不織布を張るなどの土こぼれ防止の対策を行えば、法面部ストリップ材に孔のあるハニカム状立体補強材を利用して法面部を形成することもできる。排水のためには法面部ストリップ材に孔があるほうがよい。 FIG. 2 shows a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having a plurality of holes in a strip material excluding a slope portion strip material 6 which is a portion forming a slope, of the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material 1 used for the retaining wall of the present invention. It is a perspective view before extension. When forming a sloped part by filling a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material with a filler having a particle size smaller than the diameter of the holes in the strip material, in order to prevent spilling from the sloped part, the honeycomb part without pores in the sloped part strip material Three-dimensional reinforcing material is used. However, if measures are taken to prevent spillage, such as applying a nonwoven fabric to the cells inside the slope strip material, the slope portion can be formed using a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having holes in the slope strip material. For drainage, it is better to have a hole in the slope strip material.
図３は、図１で示した、ストリップ材に孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材を展張した際の斜視図である。ハニカム状立体補強材１を展張すると、ハニカム状のセル７が形成される。セル７内に充填材８を充填して締め固めを行うことにより、剛性のあるハニカム構造体を形成させる。ストリップ材に孔があるとセル内の水が上下方向だけでなく、横方向にも移動可能となり、排水性が向上する。 FIG. 3 is a perspective view when the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having holes in the strip material shown in FIG. 1 is stretched. When the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material 1 is stretched, honeycomb-shaped cells 7 are formed. By filling the cells 7 with the filler 8 and compacting, a rigid honeycomb structure is formed. If there is a hole in the strip material, the water in the cell can move not only in the vertical direction but also in the horizontal direction, improving drainage.
図４は、図２で示した法面部ストリップ材６を除くストリップ材に孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材を展張した際の斜視図である。 FIG. 4 is a perspective view when a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having holes is stretched in the strip material excluding the slope portion strip material 6 shown in FIG.
図５はハニカム構造体９を積み上げた際の斜視図である。図４のハニカム構造体９を積み重ねて施工することにより、ハニカム擁壁を形成する。積み重ねは法面側のハニカム構造体端部を積み重ねるたびに各層ごと後退させることによりステップを形成し、その後退の度合いに応じて様々な法面勾配を形成することができる。 FIG. 5 is a perspective view when the honeycomb structures 9 are stacked. A honeycomb retaining wall is formed by stacking and constructing the honeycomb structure 9 of FIG. In the stacking, the step is formed by retreating each layer each time the end of the honeycomb structure on the slope side is stacked, and various slopes can be formed according to the degree of the retreat.
図６は、本発明を利用した際の透水層を有するハニカム擁壁（事例１）を構築する過程を示した断面図である。本事例の１層のハニカム構造体層の高さは１５ｃｍ程度である。本図は７層目のハニカム構造体層１０を構築した段階を示している。ハニカム構造体層を積層する過程で、ハニカム構造体層と次のハニカム構造体層の間に不織布１２を敷設する。 FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of constructing a honeycomb retaining wall (case 1) having a water permeable layer when the present invention is used. The height of the single honeycomb structure layer in this example is about 15 cm. This figure shows the stage where the seventh honeycomb structure layer 10 is constructed. In the process of stacking the honeycomb structure layers, the nonwoven fabric 12 is laid between the honeycomb structure layer and the next honeycomb structure layer.
不織布の敷設間隔は現場の状況に応じて適当な間隔で行われるが、一般的には高さ１ｍ程度の間隔で行われる。不織布の敷設長は、ハニカム構造体層の奥行きと同程度かそれよりも長ければよい。一般的に不織布の透水係数は１０―１ｃｍ／sec程度であり、その程度の透水性を有すればどのような不織布でもよい。その中でも不織布として最も良いのは、連続長繊維をスパンボンド法で成形したポリプロピレン製不織布である。なお一般的な透水係数の測定法としては、ＪＩＳ Ａ １２１８に提示されている方法がある。 The nonwoven fabric laying interval is performed at an appropriate interval according to the situation at the site, but is generally performed at an interval of about 1 m in height. The laying length of the non-woven fabric may be the same as or longer than the depth of the honeycomb structure layer. In general, the non-woven fabric has a water permeability coefficient of about 10 −1 cm / sec, and any non-woven fabric may be used as long as it has such a water permeability. Among them, the best nonwoven fabric is a polypropylene nonwoven fabric obtained by molding continuous long fibers by a spunbond method. As a general method for measuring the hydraulic conductivity, there is a method presented in JIS A 1218.
ハニカム状立体補強材に充填される充填材は、一般的には現場で発生した土砂であり透水性が小さい。透水性が小さい材料とは、一般的に透水係数が１０―３ｃｍ／sec以下のものをさす。透水性が小さい充填材が充填されたハニカム構造体層の中には水が溜まりやすく、擁壁内に水が溜まることは擁壁を不安定にする原因になる。ストリップ材に孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材を用いた場合でも、根本的な解決策にならない場合が多い。しかし、透水性が小さい充填材が充填されたハニカム構造体層の上に透水性の大きい不織布の層を設けると、主に擁壁上部から下部へ染み込んでくる水の縦方向の流れを擁壁の法面方向への横方向への流れに変えることができる。さらに、透水係数の大きい不織布を用いることで排水の絶対量を大きくできる。 The filler filled in the honeycomb three-dimensional reinforcing material is generally earth and sand generated on site and has low water permeability. The material having low water permeability generally refers to a material having a water permeability coefficient of 10 −3 cm / sec or less. Water tends to accumulate in the honeycomb structure layer filled with the filler having a low water permeability, and the accumulation of water in the retaining wall causes the retaining wall to become unstable. Even when a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having holes is used as the strip material, it is often not a fundamental solution. However, when a layer of non-woven fabric with high water permeability is provided on the honeycomb structure layer filled with a filler with low water permeability, the vertical flow of water that penetrates mainly from the upper part to the lower part of the retaining wall is retained. It can be changed to a flow in the lateral direction to the slope direction. Furthermore, the absolute amount of drainage can be increased by using a non-woven fabric having a large water permeability coefficient.
ハニカム構造体層と不織布の層との積層体を何層か積層した後、その上面から杭１１を打ち込む。杭は長いほうがよいが、ハニカム構造体層の高さの３倍以上の長さが好適である。最も良いのは１ｍ程度の杭である。打ち込む杭がハニカム構造体層を貫通し、地山まで食い込めばより安定したハニカム擁壁を構築できる。打ち込む杭の数は多い方が望ましいが、多すぎると既に敷設されたハニカム状立体補強材を損傷する恐れがあるため適度に調整する。 After stacking several layers of the honeycomb structure layer and the nonwoven fabric layer, the pile 11 is driven from the upper surface. The pile is preferably long, but a length that is at least three times the height of the honeycomb structure layer is suitable. The best is a pile of about 1m. A more stable honeycomb retaining wall can be constructed if the pile to be driven penetrates the honeycomb structure layer and digs into the ground. It is desirable that the number of piles to be driven in is large, but if it is too large, the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material already laid may be damaged.
杭の種類は、異型鉄筋やアンカーピン、コンクリート杭、鋼管杭、Ｈ鋼、木杭など様々なものを用いることができる。特に鋼鉄製の異型鉄筋やアンカーピン、鋼管杭が好適である。太い方がよいが、太すぎると杭打ちの際に既に敷設されたハニカム状立体補強材を巻き込む恐れがあるため、もっとも太くても直径１０ｃｍを超えない程度がよい。また杭の形状は中空であっても良い。 Various types of piles such as atypical reinforcing bars, anchor pins, concrete piles, steel pipe piles, H steel, and wooden piles can be used. In particular, steel deformed reinforcing bars, anchor pins, and steel pipe piles are suitable. A thicker one is better, but if it is too thick, there is a risk that a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material already laid will be involved in pile driving. Moreover, the shape of the pile may be hollow.
杭の材質は、金属や樹脂、コンクリート、木などがあげられるが、腐食したり腐敗したりしない材料がよい。また打設方法は、打撃法、ドリルによる方法、場所打ち杭などが上げられるが、どの方法を用いても良い。特にハンマー等による打撃法が好適である。 Pile materials include metal, resin, concrete, and wood, but materials that do not corrode or rot are good. Moreover, as a placing method, a striking method, a method using a drill, a cast-in-place pile, or the like can be raised, but any method may be used. Particularly, a hammering method is suitable.
図７は、本発明を利用した際の透水層を有するハニカム擁壁（事例１）の完成時の断面図である。ハニカム擁壁の最上層ハニカム構造体層とそのすぐ下のハニカム構造体層の間に、天端クラック防止のためにクラック抑制材１３を敷設する。クラック抑制材１３は一方の端部が、擁壁最上層のハニカム構造体層の１層下のハニカム構造体層の上に、もう一方の端部が擁壁背面地山部上部にそれぞれアンカーピンで固定し、ちょうどハニカム擁壁と擁壁背面地山部とをまたがるように敷設する。 FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a honeycomb retaining wall (case 1) having a water permeable layer when the present invention is used. A crack suppression material 13 is laid between the uppermost honeycomb structure layer of the honeycomb retaining wall and the honeycomb structure layer immediately below the uppermost honeycomb structure layer in order to prevent the top edge crack. One end of the crack suppression material 13 is an anchor pin on the honeycomb structure layer one layer below the honeycomb structure layer of the uppermost retaining wall, and the other end is an anchor pin on the upper part of the back surface of the retaining wall. And laying so as to straddle the honeycomb retaining wall and the back wall of the retaining wall.
クラック抑制材１３に用いられるのはジオテキスタイルであるが、クラック抑止効果があればどのようなジオテキスタイルでもよい。中でも特に良いのは、ポリオレフィン樹脂製のジオグリッドがよい。敷設するジオテキスタイルの奥行き方向の長さは長い方がよいが、好適なのは１ｍ程度である。 The geotextile used for the crack suppressing material 13 is any geotextile as long as it has a crack suppressing effect. Of these, a polyolefin resin geogrid is particularly preferable. The length of the geotextile to be laid in the depth direction is preferably long, but is preferably about 1 m.
最上層のハニカム構造体層の上の法面側端部に土嚢（植生土嚢）１４を置き、アンカーピン１５で固定する。土嚢設置後、その背面に充填材を充填して天端部を形成する。土嚢を設置すれば、天端を走った雨水等の水が法面側端部から法面部を伝って流下する際にハニカム擁壁上部のハニカム構造体充填材の流出を防止することができる。また、積雪が擁壁天端の法面側端部から滑り落ちる際のハニカム状立体補強材の法面側部分のめくれを抑えられる。土嚢は一般的なものでもよいが、植生土嚢であればさらに表面浸食を抑えることができ好適である。 A sandbag (vegetation sandbag) 14 is placed at the end on the slope side above the uppermost honeycomb structure layer, and fixed with anchor pins 15. After the sandbag is installed, the back is filled with a filler to form the top end. If a sandbag is installed, it is possible to prevent the honeycomb structure filler at the upper part of the honeycomb retaining wall from flowing out when water such as rain water that has run on the top edge flows down from the slope side end part along the slope part. In addition, it is possible to suppress turning of the slope side portion of the honeycomb three-dimensional reinforcing material when the snow slides down from the slope side end of the retaining wall top. The sandbag may be a general one, but a vegetation sandbag is preferable because it can further suppress surface erosion.
図８は、本発明を利用した際の透水層を有するハニカム擁壁（事例２）を構築する過程を示した断面図である。本図は２層目の透水性ハニカム構造体層１６を構築した段階を示している。本事例の１層のハニカム構造体層の高さは１５ｃｍ程度である。
事例２では、孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材に砕石などの透水性の良い充填材を充填した透水性ハニカム構造体層１６を排水層として設置する。ハニカム擁壁設置個所にハニカム構造体１層分の深さの根入れを作り、そこから２層分の透水性ハニカム構造体層１６を積層する。
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of constructing a honeycomb retaining wall (case 2) having a water permeable layer when the present invention is used. This figure shows a stage where the second water-permeable honeycomb structure layer 16 is constructed. The height of the single honeycomb structure layer in this example is about 15 cm.
In Case 2, a water-permeable honeycomb structure layer 16 in which a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having holes is filled with a filler having good water permeability such as crushed stone is installed as a drainage layer. A depth of one layer of the honeycomb structure is made at a location where the honeycomb retaining wall is installed, and a water permeable honeycomb structure layer 16 of two layers is laminated therefrom.
透水性ハニカム構造体層を構築するために孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材に充填する充填材は、透水係数が１０−３ｃｍ／secよりも大きいものを使用する。また、ストリップ材に有する孔の径より粒度の細かい充填材をハニカム状立体補強材に充填し法面部を形成する場合、法面部からの土こぼれを防止するために法面部ストリップ材に孔のないハニカム状立体補強材を用いる。ただし土こぼれ防止の対策を行えば、法面部ストリップ材に孔のあるハニカム状立体補強材を利用して法面部を形成することができる。 A filler having a water permeability coefficient larger than 10 −3 cm / sec is used as a filler to be filled in the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having pores in order to construct a water-permeable honeycomb structure layer. In addition, when forming a slope portion by filling a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material with a filler finer than the diameter of the holes in the strip material, there is no hole in the slope portion strip material to prevent spillage from the slope portion. A honeycomb three-dimensional reinforcing material is used. However, if measures are taken to prevent spillage, the slope portion can be formed using a honeycomb three-dimensional reinforcing material having holes in the slope portion strip material.
なお一般的な透水係数の測定法としては、ＪＩＳ Ａ １２１８に提示されている方法がある。透水係数が１０−３ｃｍ／secよりも大きい充填材としては、きれいな砂、きれいな砂と礫の混合土、粗砂、礫、細礫、中礫、粗礫、砂利、砕石、割ぐり石、玉石、再生クラッシャーランなどが挙げられるが、どれを用いても良い。この中でも特に充填材として最良なものは、砕石、割ぐり石、玉石である。また土質材料でなくても、透水係数が１０−３ｃｍ／secよりも大きい充填材であればどのようなものも利用できる。 As a general method for measuring the hydraulic conductivity, there is a method presented in JIS A 1218. As the filler having a permeability coefficient larger than 10 −3 cm / sec, clean sand, mixed soil of clean sand and gravel, coarse sand, gravel, fine gravel, medium gravel, gravel, gravel, crushed stone, quarry stone, Cobblestone, reclaimed crusher run, etc. are mentioned, any of which may be used. Among these, the best fillers are crushed stone, quarry stone, and cobblestone. Moreover, even if it is not a soil material, what kind of thing can be utilized if it is a filler whose water permeability is larger than 10 <-3 > cm / sec.
一般的に盛土構築において排水層を設ける場合、透水係数が１０−３ｃｍ／secよりも大きい材料で、層厚を３０ｃｍ程度にすることが行われている。ハニカム構造体の高さが１５ｃｍ程度の場合には、透水性ハニカム構造体層を２層ずつ設けると、それに相当する排水性能が得られる。ただし、透水係数が１０−３ｃｍ／secよりも大きい充填材を用いる場合には、２層にこだわる必要はない。 In general, when a drainage layer is provided in embankment construction, a layer having a water permeability coefficient larger than 10 −3 cm / sec and a layer thickness of about 30 cm is used. In the case where the height of the honeycomb structure is about 15 cm, the drainage performance corresponding to the water-permeable honeycomb structure layer can be obtained by providing two layers each. However, when using a filler having a water permeability coefficient larger than 10 −3 cm / sec, it is not necessary to stick to two layers.
透水性ハニカム構造体層１６の上にハニカム構造体層を積層する際には、透水性ハニカム構造体層１６の上に吸出防止材１７を敷設する。吸出防止材１７はハニカム構造体層の底部を包むように設置し、ハニカム構造体層から透水性ハニカム構造体層に粒度の細かい土が流れ込まないようにする。吸出防止材としては不織布が好適であるが、土の流入を防止できればどのようなものでもよい。ただし吸出防止材は土砂や粘土やシルトなどの固体成分の透過は遮断されるが、水などの液体成分は透過するものでなければならない。 When the honeycomb structure layer is laminated on the water permeable honeycomb structure layer 16, the suction preventing material 17 is laid on the water permeable honeycomb structure layer 16. The suction preventing material 17 is installed so as to wrap the bottom portion of the honeycomb structure layer so that fine-grained soil does not flow from the honeycomb structure layer into the water-permeable honeycomb structure layer. Non-woven fabric is suitable as the evacuation preventing material, but any material can be used as long as it prevents the inflow of soil. However, the anti-suction material should block the permeation of solid components such as earth and sand, clay and silt, but must be able to permeate liquid components such as water.
図９は、本発明を利用した際の透水層を有するハニカム擁壁（事例２）を構築する過程を示した断面図である。本図は７層目のハニカム構造体層１０を構築した段階を示している。 FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of constructing a honeycomb retaining wall (case 2) having a water permeable layer when the present invention is used. This figure shows the stage where the seventh honeycomb structure layer 10 is constructed.
透水性ハニカム構造体層を除くハニカム構造体層に充填される充填材は、一般的には現場で発生した土砂であり透水性が小さい。透水性が小さい材料とは、一般的に透水係数が１０―３ｃｍ／sec以下のものをさす。透水性が小さい充填材が充填されたハニカム構造体層の中には水が溜まりやすく、擁壁内に水が溜まることは擁壁を不安定にする原因になる。ストリップ材に孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材を用いた場合でも、根本的な解決策にならない場合が多い。 The filler filled in the honeycomb structure layer excluding the water permeable honeycomb structure layer is generally earth and sand generated in the field and has low water permeability. The material having low water permeability generally refers to a material having a water permeability coefficient of 10 −3 cm / sec or less. Water tends to accumulate in the honeycomb structure layer filled with the filler having a low water permeability, and the accumulation of water in the retaining wall causes the retaining wall to become unstable. Even when a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having holes is used as the strip material, it is often not a fundamental solution.
しかし、透水性が小さい充填材が充填されたハニカム構造体層の上に透水性の大きい透水性ハニカム構造体層を設けると、主に擁壁上部から下部へ染み込んでくる水の縦方向の流れを透水性ハニカム構造体層の設置個所で擁壁法面方向への横方向への流れに変えることができる。さらに透水係数の大きい充填材を用いることで排水の絶対量を大きくできる。 However, when a highly permeable honeycomb structure layer is provided on a honeycomb structure layer filled with a filler having a low permeability, the vertical flow of water that penetrates mainly from the upper part to the lower part of the retaining wall Can be changed to a lateral flow in the direction of the retaining wall slope at the place where the water-permeable honeycomb structure layer is installed. Furthermore, the absolute amount of drainage can be increased by using a filler having a large water permeability coefficient.
ハニカム構造体層からなる積層体を何層か積層した後、その上面から杭１１を打ち込む。杭は長いほうがよいが、ハニカム構造体層の高さの３倍以上の長さが好適である。最も良いのは１メートル程度の杭である。打ち込む杭がハニカム構造体層を貫通し、地山まで食い込めばより安定したハニカム擁壁を構築できる。打ち込む杭の数は、多い方が望ましいが、多すぎると既に敷設されたハニカム状立体補強材を損傷する恐れがあるため、適度に調整する。 After stacking several layers of the honeycomb structure layer, the pile 11 is driven from the upper surface. The pile is preferably long, but a length that is at least three times the height of the honeycomb structure layer is suitable. The best is a pile of about 1 meter. A more stable honeycomb retaining wall can be constructed if the pile to be driven penetrates the honeycomb structure layer and digs into the ground. It is desirable that the number of piles to be driven in is large, but if it is too large, there is a risk of damaging the already laid honeycomb three-dimensional reinforcing material.
杭の種類は、異型鉄筋やアンカーピン、コンクリート杭、鋼管杭、Ｈ鋼、木杭など様々なものを用いることができる。特に鋼鉄製の異型鉄筋やアンカーピン、鋼管杭が好適である。太い方がよいが、太すぎると杭打ちの際に既に敷設されたハニカム状立体補強材を巻き込む恐れがあるため、もっとも太くても直径１０センチメートルを超えない程度がよい。また杭の形状は中空であっても良い。 Various types of piles such as atypical reinforcing bars, anchor pins, concrete piles, steel pipe piles, H steel, and wooden piles can be used. In particular, steel deformed reinforcing bars, anchor pins, and steel pipe piles are suitable. Although thicker is better, if it is too thick, there is a risk that the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material already laid when pile driving will be involved. Therefore, even if it is the thickest, it should not exceed 10 centimeters in diameter. Moreover, the shape of the pile may be hollow.
杭の材質は、金属や樹脂、コンクリート、木などがあげられるが、腐食したり腐敗したりしない材料がよい。また打設方法は、打撃法、ドリルによる方法、場所打ち杭などが上げられるが、どの方法を用いても良い。特にハンマー等による打撃法が好適である。 Pile materials include metal, resin, concrete, and wood, but materials that do not corrode or rot are good. Moreover, as a placing method, a striking method, a method using a drill, a cast-in-place pile, or the like can be raised, but any method may be used. Particularly, a hammering method is suitable.
図１０は、本発明を利用した際の排水層を有するハニカム擁壁（事例２）の完成時の断面図である。透水性ハニカム構造体層は、ハニカム擁壁の上部と中部と下部の３カ所に設けると良い。さらに望ましくは、３カ所の透水性ハニカム構造体層をおのおの２層ずつ設けると良い。透水性ハニカム構造体層は多い方が排水効果にとってよく、その数は現場の状況に応じて適宜決定する。 FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the honeycomb retaining wall (case 2) having a drainage layer when the present invention is used at the time of completion. The water permeable honeycomb structure layer is preferably provided at three locations, ie, an upper portion, a middle portion, and a lower portion of the honeycomb retaining wall. More preferably, two layers of the water-permeable honeycomb structure layer are provided. A larger number of water-permeable honeycomb structure layers is better for the drainage effect, and the number thereof is appropriately determined according to the situation at the site.
ハニカム擁壁の最上層ハニカム構造体層とそのすぐ下のハニカム構造体層の間に、天端クラック防止のためにクラック抑制材１３を敷設する。クラック抑制材１３は一方の端部が、擁壁最上層のハニカム構造体層の１層下のハニカム構造体層の上に、もう一方の端部が擁壁背面地山部上部にそれぞれアンカーピンで固定し、ちょうどハニカム擁壁と擁壁背面地山部とをまたがるように敷設する。 A crack suppression material 13 is laid between the uppermost honeycomb structure layer of the honeycomb retaining wall and the honeycomb structure layer immediately below the uppermost honeycomb structure layer in order to prevent the top edge crack. One end of the crack suppression material 13 is an anchor pin on the honeycomb structure layer one layer below the honeycomb structure layer of the uppermost retaining wall, and the other end is an anchor pin on the upper part of the back surface of the retaining wall. And laying so as to straddle the honeycomb retaining wall and the back wall of the retaining wall.
クラック抑制材１３に用いられるのはジオテキスタイルであるが、クラック抑止効果があればどのようなジオテキスタイルでもよい。中でも特に良いのは、ポリオレフィン樹脂製のジオグリッドがよい。敷設するジオテキスタイルの奥行き方向の長さは長い方がよいが、好適なのは１ｍ程度である。 The geotextile used for the crack suppressing material 13 is any geotextile as long as it has a crack suppressing effect. Of these, a polyolefin resin geogrid is particularly preferable. The length of the geotextile to be laid in the depth direction is preferably long, but is preferably about 1 m.
最上層のハニカム構造体層の上の法面側端部に土嚢（植生土嚢）１４を置き、アンカーピン１５で固定する。土嚢設置後、その背面に充填材を充填して天端部を形成する。土嚢を設置すれば、天端を走った雨水等の水が法面側端部から法面部を伝って流下する際にハニカム擁壁上部のハニカム構造体充填材の流出を防止することができる。また、積雪が擁壁天端の法面側端部から滑り落ちる際のハニカム状立体補強材の法面側部分のめくれを抑えられる。土嚢は一般的なものでもよいが、植生土嚢であればさらに表面浸食を抑えることができ好適である。 A sandbag (vegetation sandbag) 14 is placed at the end on the slope side above the uppermost honeycomb structure layer, and fixed with anchor pins 15. After the sandbag is installed, the back is filled with a filler to form the top end. If a sandbag is installed, it is possible to prevent the honeycomb structure filler at the upper part of the honeycomb retaining wall from flowing out when water such as rain water that has run on the top edge flows down from the slope side end part along the slope part. In addition, it is possible to suppress turning of the slope side portion of the honeycomb three-dimensional reinforcing material when the snow slides down from the slope side end of the retaining wall top. The sandbag may be a general one, but a vegetation sandbag is preferable because it can further suppress surface erosion.
図１１は、本発明を利用した際の排水層を有するハニカム擁壁（事例３）の完成時の断面図である。事例３は、事例１と事例２の工法を併用したものである。ハニカム構造体の充填材が透水性の極めて小さい充填材（粘性土など）であったり、背面地山からの湧水があったり、施工箇所が雨量の多い地域であったりなど、排水性を特に要求される場所においてハニカム擁壁を構築する場合には、この併用工法を用いるとさらに排水性の良いハニカム擁壁を構築することができる。 FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view at the time of completion of a honeycomb retaining wall (case 3) having a drainage layer when the present invention is used. Case 3 is a combination of Case 1 and Case 2 methods. The honeycomb structure has a particularly low drainage, such as a filler with extremely low water permeability (such as cohesive soil), spring water from the back ground, and the construction site in a region with heavy rainfall. When a honeycomb retaining wall is constructed at a required location, a honeycomb retaining wall with better drainage can be constructed by using this combined construction method.
本発明の板状や網状の高分子材料からなるストリップ材をはちの巣構造にしたハニカム状立体補強材に充填材を充填したハニカム構造体を複数層積層して構築する擁壁の構築方法は、排水性が良く、安定性が高く、勾配の急峻で、壁高の高い構造物を構築することに利用できる。 A method for constructing a retaining wall constructed by laminating a plurality of honeycomb structures filled with a filler in a honeycomb-like three-dimensional reinforcing material having a honeycomb structure made of a strip material made of a plate-like or net-like polymer material according to the present invention It can be used to construct a structure with good properties, high stability, steep slope, and high wall height.
１ ハニカム状立体補強材
２ ストリップ材
３ 孔
４ 結合部位
５ 展帳方向
６ 法面部ストリップ材
７ セル
８ 充填材
９ ハニカム構造体
１０ ハニカム構造体層
１１ 杭
１２ 不織布
１３ クラック抑制材
１４ 土嚢（植生土嚢）
１５ アンカーピン
１６ 透水性ハニカム構造体層
１７ 吸出防止材
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Honeycomb-shaped solid reinforcement material 2 Strip material 3 Hole 4 Bonding part 5 Extension direction 6 Slope part 7 Cell 8 Filling material 9 Honeycomb structure 10 Honeycomb structure layer 11 Pile 12 Nonwoven fabric 13 Crack suppression material 14 Sandbag (vegetation soil bag) )
15 Anchor pin 16 Water-permeable honeycomb structure layer 17 Suction prevention material
Claims (12)
当該擁壁を構成するハニカム構造体層を積層する工程が、
当該ハニカム状立体補強材に透水性の小さい充填材を充填したハニカム構造体層と、
当該ハニカム状立体補強材に透水性の大きい充填材を充填した透水性ハニカム構造体層とを積層する工程を含み、
当該擁壁を構築する過程で、少なくとも３層のハニカム構造体層を貫く杭を打ち込むことを特徴とする擁壁の構築方法。 A method for constructing a retaining wall constructed by laminating a plurality of honeycomb structures filled with a filler in a honeycomb-like three-dimensional reinforcing material having a honeycomb structure made of a strip material made of a plate-like or net-like polymer material ,
The step of laminating the honeycomb structure layer constituting the retaining wall includes:
A honeycomb structure layer in which the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material is filled with a filler having a low water permeability;
Including a step of laminating a honeycomb structure layer filled with a highly permeable filler to the honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material ,
A method for constructing a retaining wall, wherein a pile penetrating at least three honeycomb structure layers is driven in the process of constructing the retaining wall.
ストリップ材に複数の孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材にきれいな砂、粗砂、礫、細礫、中礫、粗礫、砂利、砕石、割ぐり石、玉石、再生クラッシャーランから選ばれた少なくとも１つの充填材を充填した透水性ハニカム構造体層であり、
当該透水性ハニカム構造体層を１層以上含むことを特徴とする請求項１記載の擁壁の構築方法。 The water-permeable honeycomb structure layer is
At least one selected from clean sand, coarse sand, gravel, fine gravel, medium gravel, coarse gravel, gravel, crushed stone, quarry stone, cobblestone, reclaimed crusher run, honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material having a plurality of holes in the strip material A water permeable honeycomb structure layer filled with a filler,
The method for constructing a retaining wall according to claim 1, comprising at least one water-permeable honeycomb structure layer.
法面を形成する部分である法面部ストリップ材を除くストリップ材に複数の孔を有するハニカム状立体補強材であることを特徴とする請求項１または２のいずれかに記載の擁壁の構築方法。 The honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional reinforcing material used for the construction of the water-permeable honeycomb structure layer is
Retaining wall construction method as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a honeycomb solid reinforcing material having a plurality of holes in the strip material excluding legal face strip material is a portion forming a slope .
透水性ハニカム構造体層の上に、当該透水性ハニカム構造体層の奥行き以上の長さの吸出防止材が敷設され、さらに当該吸出防止材の上に透水性の小さいハニカム構造体層が積層されており、
クラック抑制材としてのジオテキスタイルの一方の端部が、擁壁最上層のハニカム構造体層の１層下のハニカム構造体層の上に、もう一方の端部が擁壁背面地山部上部にそれぞれアンカーピンで固定され、
擁壁天端の法面側端部に土嚢または植生土嚢がアンカーピンで固定され、当該土嚢または植生土嚢の地山側の部分に充填材が充填されていることを特徴とする請求項１１記載の擁壁。 There are one or more permeable honeycomb structure layers in at least three places, the upper part, the middle part, and the lower part of the retaining wall,
On the water permeable honeycomb structure layer, a sucking prevention material having a length longer than the depth of the water permeable honeycomb structure layer is laid, and a honeycomb structure layer having a low water permeability is laminated on the sucking prevention material. And
One end of the geotextile as a crack suppression material is on the honeycomb structure layer one layer below the honeycomb structure layer of the uppermost retaining wall, and the other end is on the upper part of the backside of the retaining wall. Fixed with anchor pins,
Sandbags or vegetation sandbags are anchored pins slope side end portion of the Yokabetentan of claim 11, wherein the filler part of the land the mountain side of the sandbags or vegetation sandbags is characterized in that it is filled Retaining wall.
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| JP5661962B1 (en) * | 2014-06-02 | 2015-01-28 | 中日本ハイウェイ・メンテナンス北陸株式会社 | Slope structure for road step |
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