JP5041811B2 - H2の燃料としての使用によるガスから液体におけるco2の減少 - Google Patents
H2の燃料としての使用によるガスから液体におけるco2の減少 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5041811B2 JP5041811B2 JP2006541196A JP2006541196A JP5041811B2 JP 5041811 B2 JP5041811 B2 JP 5041811B2 JP 2006541196 A JP2006541196 A JP 2006541196A JP 2006541196 A JP2006541196 A JP 2006541196A JP 5041811 B2 JP5041811 B2 JP 5041811B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 145
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 142
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 129
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 128
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
- C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G63/00—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G63/02—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4043—Limiting CO2 emissions
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/02—Gasoline
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Description
P−CO2≦22/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
(式中、E−O2は無水基準で過剰酸素のモルパーセントを表す)により表されるようにすることを含む。
本発明において、水素はGTL設備から回収され、GTL設備における少なくとも1個の炉において燃料として使用される。使用される水素は、合成ガス流、合成ガス転換装置からの未反応ガス流、炭化水素質生成物の品質向上に使用される水素化処理装置/水素化分解装置に関連するガス流、芳香族生成物を製造するのに使用される改質器に関連するガス流、それらの組合せ、等を含むがそれらに限定されないGTL法における任意の数の源から、回収することが出来る。水素の回収は、吸着、吸収(圧力変動吸着(PSA)および置換パージサイクル(DPC))、極低温分離、膜分離、それらの組合せ、等を含むがそれらに限定されない種々な従来の水素回収方法を用いて、行うことが出来る。合成ガスまたはテールガスからH2を回収するには一つ以上の回収方法が必要であるかもしれないが、改質器またはC3+生成物品質向上装置からの副生物ガスは大量のCOまたはCO2を含有しないであろうから、重質炭化水素(C6+)の凝縮以外はいかなる回収方法をも必要としないであろう。更に、本発明の方法では回収水素を使用することが望ましいけれども、代りの源から得た水素で回収水素を補充しまたは置換えることも可能である。
nCO+2nH2 → nH2O+CnH2n+2
(式中、CnH2n+2は、例えば、オレフィンおよびパラフィンのような典型的フィッシャー・トロプシュ反応生成物を表す)により決定されるように、約2.0である。該反応により生成する副生物の水の量は著しい。例えば、モル比を重量比に換算すると、水対CH2炭化水素の相対重量パーセントは56%/44%であることが分る。
1.メタンのスチームリフォーミング:CH4+H2O → CO+3H2
2.乾式リフォーミング、即ち、CO2とメタンとの間の反応:
CH4+CO2 → 2CO+2H2 および
3.酸素を用いた部分酸化:CH4+1/2O2 → CO+2H2
CH4+O2 → CO2+2H2
および
CH4+2O2 → CO2+2H2O
CO+H2O → CO2+H2
P−CO2≦22/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
好ましくは、
P−CO2≦16/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
(式中、E−O2は該炉から発生する煙道ガスにおける過剰酸素のモルパーセントを表す)により表される。
C6H14 → C6H6+4H2
水素 25
一酸化炭素 23
二酸化炭素 35
メタン 14
C2+ 3
計 100
N2 0.75
CO2 0.25
過剰O2 x
過剰O2に関連するN2 3.76x(3.76=79/21)
全モル数 1+4.76(x)
E−O2/100 = x/(1+4.76x)
E−O2の項でxを解くと、以下の方程式を生ずる。
x = (E−O2/100)/1−4.76(E−O2/100)
xに対するこの値を用いると、全モル数は以下の通りである。
全モル数 = (1+4.76(E−O2/100))/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
E−O2の函数として煙道ガス中のCO2のパーセント(P−CO2)を解くと、以下の方程式を生ずる。
P−CO2 = 25/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
もしも充分な水素を煙道ガスに加えてその水素含量を約40%に上げると、煙道ガス組成は以下の通りとなるであろう。
P−CO2 = 22/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
もしも充分な水素を煙道ガスに加えてその水素含量を約60%に上げると、煙道ガス組成は以下の通りとなるであろう。
P−CO2 = 16/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
P−CO2≦22/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
より好ましくは、以下の式、
P−CO2≦16/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
により表されるように、煙道ガス35におけるCO2のモルパーセントを減少させる作用をする。
Claims (20)
- GTL設備からのCO2排出物質を減少させる方法であって、
a) 分子状酸素を含む気体酸化剤を用いた部分酸化反応によりメタン含有供給原料から合成ガスを形成し、
b) 該合成ガスをC3+液体生成物を含有する炭化水素質流に転換し未反応ガスを回収し、
c) 該C3+液体生成物を分離してナフサを得、
d) 該ナフサを改質して副生物水素含有ガス流を生成し、
e) 工程b)で合成ガスが転換される前に工程a)で形成された該合成ガスから、及び/又は、工程d)で生成された該副生物水素含有ガス流から、水素に富むガス流を回収し、そして
f) 該GTL設備における少なくとも1個の炉において該水素に富むガス流および該未反応ガスを含む水素に富む燃料を燃焼して、回収された水素に富むガス流を用いることなしに該未反応ガスを燃焼することに比べて該設備が発生するCO2排出物質を減少させる、
ことを特徴とする前記方法。 - 該GTL設備がフィッシャー・トロプシュ設備である、請求項1の方法。
- 該合成ガスが5モルパーセント以下の窒素を含む、請求項1の方法。
- 該GTL設備からのCO2排出物質が、該GTL設備における燃料として回収水素を使用しなかった場合よりも、少なくとも15%少ない、請求項1の方法。
- 該GTL設備からのCO2排出物質が、該GTL設備における燃料として回収水素を使用しなかった場合よりも、少なくとも30%少ない、請求項4の方法。
- 該GTL設備からのCO2排出物質が、該GTL設備における燃料として回収水素を使用しなかった場合よりも、少なくとも50%少ない、請求項5の方法。
- 水素対炭素化学量論比が2.0よりも低い炭化水素質生成物を該C 3+ 液体生成物から単離する工程をさらに備える、請求項1の方法。
- 該水素対炭素化学量論比が1.90よりも低い、請求項7の方法。
- 該水素に富む燃料を使用した該少なくとも1個の炉の様式を、該炉に拡大されたガス供給ラインを設けること、該炉に拡大されたバーナーノズルを設けること、該炉の対流帯域加熱を増加させること、又はそれらの組合せにより、変化させる、請求項1の方法。
- 該水素に富む燃料がモル基準で少なくとも40%の水素を含む、請求項1の方法。
- 該水素に富む燃料がモル基準で少なくとも60%の水素を含む、請求項10の方法。
- GTL設備からのCO2排出物質を減少させる方法であって、
a) 分子状酸素を含む気体酸化剤を用いた部分酸化反応によりメタン含有供給原料から合成ガスを形成し、
b) 該合成ガスをC3+液体生成物を含有する炭化水素質流に転換し未反応ガスを回収し、
c) 該C3+液体生成物を分離してナフサを得、
d) 該ナフサを改質して副生物水素含有ガス流を生成し、
e) 工程b)で合成ガスが転換される前に工程aで形成された該合成ガスから、及び/又は、工程d)で生成された該副生物水素含有ガス流から水素に富むガス流を回収し、そして
f) 該GTL設備における少なくとも1個の炉において該水素に富むガス流および該未反応ガスを含む水素に富む燃料を燃焼して、該炉から発生する煙道ガスにおけるCO2のモルパーセントが無水基準で以下の式、
P−CO2≦22/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
(式中、P−CO 2 はCO 2 のモルパーセントを表し、E−O2は無水基準で該炉から発生する煙道ガスにおける過剰酸素のモルパーセントを表し、並びにE−O 2 は2〜5モルパーセントの範囲内である)により表されるようにする、
ことを特徴とする前記方法。 - 該炉からの煙道ガスにおけるCO2のモルパーセントが無水基準で以下の式、
P−CO2≦16/(1−4.76(E−O2/100))
により表される、請求項12の方法。 - 該GTL設備がフィッシャー・トロプシュ設備である、請求項12の方法。
- 該合成ガスが5モルパーセント以下の窒素を含む、請求項12の方法。
- 水素対炭素化学量論比が2.0よりも低い炭化水素質生成物を該C 3+ 液体生成物から単離する工程をさらに備える、請求項12の方法。
- 該水素対炭素化学量論比が1.90よりも低い、請求項16の方法。
- 該水素に富む燃料を使用した該少なくとも1個の炉の様式を、該炉に拡大されたガス供給ラインを設けること、該炉に拡大されたバーナーノズルを設けること、該炉の対流帯域加熱を増加させること、又はそれらの組合せにより、変化させる、請求項12の方法。
- 該水素に富む燃料がモル基準で少なくとも40%の水素を含む、請求項12の方法。
- 該水素に富む燃料がモル基準で少なくとも60%の水素を含む、請求項19の方法。
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US10/720,674 US6890962B1 (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2003-11-25 | Gas-to-liquid CO2 reduction by use of H2 as a fuel |
PCT/US2004/035608 WO2005054164A1 (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2004-10-26 | Gas-to-liquid co2 reduction by use of h2 as a fuel |
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JP5654343B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2015-01-14 | ビーピー ケミカルズ リミテッドBp Chemicals Limited | 気相プロセス流のオンライン分析方法 |
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