JP5036938B2 - Organic waste combined treatment apparatus including combination of biogas production apparatus and biodiesel production apparatus, and organic waste treatment method using the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combined organic waste processing apparatus including a combination of a biogas generating apparatus and a biodiesel generating apparatus, and a processing method using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a biogas generator that generates biogas from organic waste, and vegetable oil such as rapeseed oil and palm oil, used waste cooking oil, and oil and fat such as animal oil into biodiesel fuel and glycerin. Combined with a biodiesel generator that converts, this enables operation with only the electric power generated in the system without using external electricity, and production of valuable materials such as biodiesel fuel and, if desired, biogas. It relates to an apparatus and a method enabling it.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Of total 490 million tons of waste generated in the country, 280 million tons, or 60%, is organic (biological) waste. Most of them are incinerated and landfilled, but methods for reusing them for fertilizers, building materials, etc. are being studied. However, the current situation is that each has its own problems and is not widely used. For example, when these organic wastes are reused as organic fertilizers such as compost and liquid fertilizer, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are fertilizers, is excessive with respect to the Japanese farmland area. Recyclable waste cannot be returned to farmland. In addition, there are other problems such as the content and concentration of fertilizing ingredients are not constant. Therefore, a biogas generating apparatus that can convert organic waste into biogas containing methane gas as a main component is drawing attention. On the other hand, biodiesel fuel mainly composed of fatty acid methyl or fatty acid ethyl (hereinafter referred to as “fatty acid methyl”) obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil or recycled cooking oil with methanol or ethanol (hereinafter referred to as “methanol”). The technology to make is in Europe and America.
[0003]
Biogas generation technology is an anaerobic fermentation of organic waste at room temperature (about 15-20 ° C) to 60 ° C, and the organic waste is converted into biogas mainly composed of methane gas by the action of anaerobic bacteria. It is something to change. The obtained biogas is used as a power generation fuel, a steam generation fuel in a boiler, or the like. In some cases, large-scale biogas generators sell the obtained power to electric power companies, but medium- and small-scale biogas generators have high hurdles for selling power and efficient operation of surplus power. The current situation is not done.
[0004]
Biodiesel production technology involves the transesterification of animal and vegetable oils and fats in the presence of a catalyst such as an alkali catalyst, for example, an alkali catalyst, to remove glycerin, a by-product, and to produce diesel fuel (such as light oil) containing fatty acid methyl as the main component. In order to distinguish it from diesel fuel, it will be referred to as biodiesel fuel hereinafter). Usually, about 95% biodiesel fuel and 5% glycerin are obtained with respect to 100% of animal and vegetable oil raw materials. Among biodiesel, at least methyl fatty acid is registered as a pure fuel or fuel additive by the US Environmental Protection Agency, and is approved as a commercially legal fuel. It is also certified as an alternative fuel by the bureau.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, it is difficult to efficiently operate surplus power with a small-scale biogas generator. For this reason, when the power in the system cannot be consumed, excess methane gas is usually burned and exhausted.
[0006]
On the other hand, biodiesel generators have been tried to be introduced locally and collectively, but have not yet been recognized nationwide. The major cause is the high cost of collecting and operating waste cooking oil. Another cause is that glycerin, which is a by-product of biodiesel, contains impurities, so it cannot be reused as it is. This is because it cannot be countered, and at present it must be disposed of as waste.
[0007]
Accordingly, the present invention provides an organic waste combined treatment apparatus including a combination of a biogas generation apparatus and a biodiesel generation apparatus that can not only process waste cooking oil and organic waste at low cost but also produce valuable materials. And to provide a method.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, an organic waste combined treatment apparatus including a combination of a biogas generating apparatus and a biodiesel generating apparatus according to the present invention is (1) biogas that generates methane gas from organic waste by methane fermentation. A generator, (2) a power generator that generates electricity and heat using at least a part of the methane gas as fuel, (3) a biodiesel generator that converts animal and vegetable oils and fats into biodiesel fuel and glycerin, (4) Means for increasing the amount of methane gas produced by introducing glycerin, which is a by-product generated from the biodiesel generator, into the biogas generator ; and (5) at least part of electricity and heat generated by the power generator. Means for introducing into the biodiesel generator and / or the biogas generator. .
[0009]
By providing means for introducing electricity and heat generated from the methane gas as fuel into the biodiesel generator, the electricity and heat can be used efficiently. In addition, by providing means for introducing glycerin, which is a by-product generated from the biodiesel generator, into the biogas generator, it is possible to effectively use by-product glycerin that has been discarded without being purified so far. it can.
[0010]
In the above apparatus configuration, the animal and vegetable oils and fats are preferably vegetable oils because of their mass availability and ease of handling. Moreover, it is preferable that the said animal and vegetable fats and oils are unused oil and / or used oil. The power generator preferably uses at least methane gas or methane gas and biodiesel fuel as fuel. Furthermore, the biodiesel production amount of the biodiesel generator is preferably 0.5 tons / day or more.
[0011]
A method for treating organic waste using an organic waste combined treatment apparatus including a combination of a biogas generation apparatus and a biodiesel generation apparatus of the present invention,
The methane fermentation bio gas generator from organic waste with producing methane gas, the animal and vegetable oils and fats is converted into biodiesel and glycerin in biodiesel generator, the biogas production device together with the organic waste the glycerin supplied by increasing the production of methane gas, causing electrical and heat power generation apparatus at least a portion of the Metan'ogasu as a fuel, wherein at least a portion of the electrical and thermal biodiesel generator and / or the biogas production It supplies to an apparatus, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram showing a first embodiment of a combined organic waste processing apparatus including a combination of a biogas generating apparatus and a biodiesel generating apparatus according to the present invention.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 1, vegetable oil is introduced into the biodiesel generator 1 through the vegetable oil inflow path 11. The biodiesel fuel and glycerin produced by the biodiesel production device 1 are led out via the lead-out paths 12 and 13, respectively. On the other hand, the organic waste is introduced into the biogas generation apparatus 2 through the organic waste introduction path 21. The produced methane gas (the main component of the produced biogas) and the digestive juice are led out via the lead-out paths 22 and 23, respectively. Methane gas is introduced into the power generation device 3 through the path 24 to generate power and generate heat. Electricity is supplied to the biodiesel generator 1 and the biogas generator 2 through the path 31. On the other hand, heat is also supplied to the biodiesel generator 1 and the biogas generator 2 through the path 32.
[0014]
In the present invention, glycerin generated by the biodiesel generator 1 is introduced into the biogas generator 2 through the path 25. As a result, the amount of methane gas produced can be increased, and the power and heat required for the entire system can be covered. In the apparatus of the present invention, organic waste and vegetable oil can be processed to produce valuable methane gas and biodiesel fuel without receiving external power supply.
[0015]
FIG. 2 is a schematic system diagram showing a second embodiment of the combined organic waste processing apparatus including the combination of the biogas generating apparatus and the biodiesel generating apparatus of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the power generation device 3 is configured so that biodiesel fuel can be used as fuel in addition to methane gas, and the biodiesel fuel is supplied to the power generation device 3 via the path 33. Other parts are the same as those in the first embodiment.
[0016]
In the apparatus of the second embodiment, the power generation apparatus 3 can continuously generate power using biodiesel fuel instead of methane gas during the stop period of the biogas generation apparatus 2 due to startup, maintenance, etc. Can meet the power demand within.
[0017]
In the present invention, vegetable oils and fats refer to oils and fats that can be collected from plants such as rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil and castor oil. In the present invention, unused oil and fat, so-called fresh vegetable oil and fat can be used, and waste cooking oil such as tempura waste oil can also be used. In the present invention, animal fats can also be used.
[0018]
Organic waste refers to waste composed mainly of easily decomposable organic matter such as manure, organic sludge, food residue, garbage, and pruned branches.
[0019]
The biodiesel production apparatus 1 used by this invention is not specifically limited, A well-known thing can be used. However, it is preferable that the daily biodiesel fuel production is 0.5 tons or more. When the amount of biodiesel fuel produced is less than 0.5 tons / day, the amount of electricity generated by the biodiesel generator 1 itself does not decrease so much, whereas the amount of glycerin produced is insufficient, The amount of increase cannot be obtained sufficiently. As a result, the electric power in the system cannot be covered only with the electric power obtained by the power generation device 3. More preferable biodiesel fuel production is 1 ton / day or more.
[0020]
The biogas generating apparatus 2 used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a known one can be used. In addition, the biogas production | generation apparatus here refers to the apparatus normally required for methane fermentation, and shall not include the power generation apparatus and the digestive liquid processing equipment. In general, the biogas generating device 2 includes a pretreatment device, a methane fermentation tank, a digestive juice storage tank, a methane gas holder, and the like. The pretreatment device comprises solid-liquid separation means such as precipitation, filtration and dehydration. The methane fermentation tank may be a single tank or may be composed of two tanks connecting a hydrolysis tank and a fermentation tank. The methane fermentation temperature can be appropriately selected from room temperature (about 15 to 20 ° C.) to 60 ° C. depending on conditions such as the type of organic waste used.
[0021]
Although the well-known thing can be used for the electric power generating apparatus 3 used by this invention, it can generate electric power at least using methane gas. As described in the second embodiment, this power generator is preferably one that can use at least methane gas and biodiesel fuel, that is, a so-called dual fuel engine. The heat generated from the power generation device 3 refers to the amount of heat released into the cooling water and / or exhaust gas of the power generation device 3.
[0022]
Although the present invention has been described with reference to examples, the present invention is not limited to these examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0023]
For example, the digestive liquid which is a waste liquid is discharged | emitted with methane gas from a biogas production | generation apparatus, The water treatment apparatus which processes a digestive liquid can be further provided in this apparatus. In Japan, there are few places where digestive juice can be used as fertilizer, and a water treatment facility is required to release it. Along with the regulation of nitrate nitrogen, not only is the equipment expensive to process digestive fluid containing a large amount of nitrogen, but it also requires a large amount of power, so the power generated from methane gas may be insufficient. Come out. Therefore, in most regions except Hokkaido, where digestive juice can be used, digestive juice treatment problems are preventing the spread of biogas generators. In the apparatus of the present invention, the power generated by the glycerin generated from the biodiesel generator 1 can be used to cover the power of the water treatment apparatus with the internal power of the system.
[0024]
In addition, if the amount of heat generated from the power generation device 3 is insufficient with respect to the demand of the entire system, an auxiliary heating device using methane gas and / or biodiesel fuel generated in the system as fuel may be provided.
[0025]
Furthermore, if there is a surplus in the power generated from the power generation device 3, a power selling device for selling power can be provided to sell the power to the outside.
[0026]
The method of processing organic waste using the combined organic waste processing apparatus including the combination of the biogas generating apparatus and the biodiesel generating apparatus of the present invention is a method for treating animal and vegetable oils and fats with biodiesel generating apparatus and biodiesel fuel and glycerin. Convert to The obtained glycerin is supplied to a biogas generator together with organic waste to generate methane gas. Electricity and heat are generated by a power generator using at least a part of the methane gas as fuel, and at least a part of the electricity and heat is supplied to the biodiesel generator.
[0027]
【Example】
Example 1
The model calculation regarding the electric consumption of the organic waste combined treatment apparatus containing the combination of the biogas production | generation apparatus and biodiesel production | generation apparatus shown in FIG. 3 was performed. Household garbage is used as the organic waste, and the treatment amount is 20 tons / day for household waste and 2.5 tons / day for waste cooking oil.
[0028]
(1) Biogas generation amount and power generation amount The biogas (containing 60% methane gas) generation amount of household garbage adopts the average value of literature values and is set to 35 m ³ / ton. Therefore, the amount of biogas generated from household garbage is 35 × 20 = 700 m ³ / day. For glycerin, the amount of glycerin generated from 2.5 tons / day of waste cooking oil is 2.5 × 0.05 = 0.125 tons / day. Since the amount of biogas generated from glycerin is 1300 m ³ / ton from the experimental value, the amount of biogas generated by glycerin per day is about 160 m ³ / day. In total, the total biogas generation is 700 + 160 = 860m ³ / day. Since the average amount of biogas required to generate 1 KWh of power is 0.5 m ³ , the amount of power generated by biogas is 860 / 0.5 = 1720 KWh / day.
[0029]
(2) Power consumption The required power of each device is as follows. Biodiesel generator 1: 480 KWh / day, biogas generator 2: 50 KWh / day, water treatment device 4: 720 KWh / day. In total, the power consumption of all biogas plants is 1250 KWh / day.
[0030]
(3) Power balance When power consumption is subtracted from the amount of power generation, the power balance is 1720-1250 = + 470KWh / day.
[0031]
【Effect of the invention】
According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained:
(1) Organic waste and waste cooking oil can be treated with electric power and heat generated in the system;
(2) It is possible to efficiently operate electric power drawn from methane gas obtained by processing organic waste;
(3) By-product glycerin generated from the biodiesel generator can be effectively used as it is.
(4) can be obtained bio-diesel fuel and methane gas of any valuable materials;
(5) Since it can be operated without receiving power from outside, biodiesel fuel can be produced at low operating costs;
(6) Collecting household garbage and waste cooking oil at the same time can greatly reduce the cost of collecting waste cooking oil;
(7) Since the entire system is operated with natural energy, it leads to reduction of carbon dioxide.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram showing a first embodiment of a combined organic waste processing apparatus including a combination of a biogas generating apparatus and a biodiesel generating apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic system diagram showing a second embodiment of an organic waste combined treatment apparatus including a combination of a biogas generation apparatus and a biodiesel generation apparatus according to the present invention.
3 is a schematic system diagram showing an example of a combined organic waste processing apparatus including a combination of the biogas generating apparatus and the biodiesel generating apparatus according to the present invention in Example 1. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Biodiesel production | generation apparatus 11 ... Vegetable oil inflow path | route 12 ... Biodiesel fuel derivation | leading-out path | route 13 ... Glycerin derivation | leading-out path 2 ... Biogas production | generation apparatus 21 ... Organic waste introduction | transduction path 22 ... Methane gas derivation | leading-out path 23 ... 3. Power generation device 31 ... Electric path 32 ... Heat source path 4 ... Water treatment device

Claims (6)

An organic waste combined treatment apparatus including a combination of a biogas generation apparatus and a biodiesel generation apparatus, (1) a biogas generation apparatus that generates methane gas from organic waste by methane fermentation ; (2) A power generation device that generates electricity and heat using at least a part of methane gas as fuel; (3) a biodiesel generator that converts animal and vegetable oils and fats into biodiesel fuel and glycerin; and (4) a sub-generation generated from the biodiesel generator. Means for increasing the amount of methane gas produced by introducing glycerin as a product into the biogas generator , and (5) at least part of electricity and heat generated in the power generator and / or the biodiesel generator and / or An organic waste combined treatment apparatus comprising means for introducing into a biogas generation apparatus 2. The organic waste combined treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power generation apparatus is capable of using biodiesel fuel as a power generation fuel in addition to methane gas .  The organic waste combined treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the animal and vegetable oils and fats are vegetable oils.  The organic waste combined treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the animal and vegetable fats and oils are unused oil and / or used oil.  The organic waste combined treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the biodiesel production amount of the biodiesel generator is 0.5 tons / day or more. A method for treating organic waste using a combined organic waste treatment device including a combination of a biogas production device and a biodiesel production device,
Methane gas is generated from organic waste by methane fermentation in a biogas generator, and animal and vegetable oils and fats are converted into biodiesel fuel and glycerin by a biodiesel generator, and the glycerin together with organic waste is converted into the biogas generator. Increase the amount of methane gas generated by supplying it, generate electricity and heat in the power generation device using at least part of this methane gas as fuel, and generate at least part of the electricity and heat in the biodiesel generator and / or biogas generation A method comprising supplying to an apparatus.

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