KR100970936B1 - Gasification Process for The Residue from Bio-diesel Refinery by using Gasifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for gasifying a biodiesel refining residue, and more particularly, to a method for combustible gasification of a residue or waste oil containing glycerin generated in a biodiesel refining process using a gasifier.

In particular, the gasification method receives a high concentration of flammable gas from waste oil or glycerin which is disposed of, such as to increase the amount of combustible gas produced by adjusting the mixing ratio of the fuel and the oxidant supplied to replace heavy oil or gas fuel, thereby saving fuel and It is about how to reduce the cost.

The present invention relates to a gasification method of a biodiesel refining residue using a gasifier, comprising: an oxidant mixing process of mixing a fuel, which is a biodiesel refining residue, with an oxidant in a burner; A gasification reaction process of supplying fuel to the combustion chamber inside the gasifier through the burner and allowing gasification reaction at a high temperature of 900 to 1100 ° C .; The gas generated by the gasification reaction is passed through a cooling chamber in which the water is fresh water to remove impurities, and the filtered solids are separated and collected by a hopper.

Biodiesel, Glycerin, Gasification, Oxidizer, Combustible Gas

Description

Gasification Process for The Residue from Bio-diesel Refinery by using Gasifier

The present invention relates to a method for gasifying a biodiesel refining residue, and more particularly, to a method for combustible gasification of a residue or waste oil containing glycerin generated in a biodiesel refining process using a gasifier.

In particular, the gasification method receives a high concentration of flammable gas from waste oil or glycerin which is disposed of, such as to increase the amount of combustible gas produced by adjusting the mixing ratio of the fuel and the oxidant supplied to replace heavy oil or gas fuel, thereby saving fuel and It is about how to reduce the cost.

Concerns about resource depletion and environmental pollution caused by excessive use of fossil fuels are increasing, and the concept of "sustainable development", which coexists with nature and develops steadily, has become a hot topic, and environmental pollution and warming problems are centered on developed countries. In order to solve this problem, policies are being enacted to strengthen regulations on the use of fossil fuels and to spread the spread of renewable energy with high environmental friendliness.

In Korea, where most of the energy depends on imports, it is essential to establish long-term energy supply and demand policies and fundamentally develop clean alternative energy to reduce energy import dependence as much as possible to maintain national security and sustainable economic growth.

Bio-energy produced from biomass represented by plants among the various renewable energy sources studied above has the advantage of excellent storage properties as energy having a form of gas, liquid, solid, etc. It can be used as fuel. Bioenergy is absorbed by plants when carbon dioxide, which is the main raw material of bioenergy, grows, and is recognized by the international community as CO₂-neutral energy that does not contribute to the increase of CO2 concentration in the air. It is very active and is expected to continue to increase in the future.

A representative example of the bioenergy is biodiesel, which currently accounts for about 75% of the bio liquid fuels produced in Europe. The biodiesel refers to vegetable oils (palm oil, rice bran, waste edible oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, etc.) added with alcohol and a catalyst to allow ester reaction to be carried out. .

In more detail, the biodiesel is prepared by the process of screening materials, milking, purification, biodiesel synthesis, glycerin extraction, biodiesel purification, the extracted glycerin is discarded in the energyization process It is used in the field. However, the glycerin reacts with steam at a high temperature to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, and thus, by using this principle, it is possible to produce flammable gas, which can finally bring about diversification of bioenergy production. Therefore, there is a need for a study that can increase the amount of combustible gas production using the glycerin.

Gasification method of the biodiesel purification residues using the gasifier of the present invention for solving the above problems,

A gasification method of a biodiesel refining residue using a gasifier, comprising: an oxidant mixing step of mixing a fuel, which is a biodiesel refining residue, with an oxidant in a burner; A gasification reaction process of supplying fuel to the combustion chamber inside the gasifier through the burner and allowing gasification reaction at a high temperature of 900 to 1100 ° C .; The gas generated by the gasification reaction is passed through a cooling chamber in which the water is fresh water to remove impurities, and the filtered solids are separated and collected by a hopper.

As described in detail above, the gasification method of the biodiesel refining residue using the gasifier of the present invention,

Glycerin or waste oil, which is a residue from the biodiesel refining process, is put into the gasifier for combustion, and mixed with an oxidizing agent at a constant ratio to facilitate combustion, as well as promoting pyrolysis at a high temperature. To increase the production of flammable gases such as carbon monoxide, and methane.

In addition, a similar production effect can be obtained by adding general air as an oxidant in addition to oxygen, and by adjusting the mixing ratio of the fuel and the oxidant supplied to increase the yield of flammable gas, such as high concentration from waste oil or glycerin which is disposed of. By receiving flammable gas, it is possible to provide a useful way to replace heavy oil or gas fuel, thereby saving fuel and reducing costs.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the gasifier 10 used in the manufacturing method of the present invention is equipped with a burner 20 at an upper end as shown in FIG. 1A, and has an upper combustion chamber 30 and a lower cooling chamber 40 therein. It is configured separately. The combustion chamber 30 receives a fuel in which an oxidant is mixed with fuel supplied from a fuel tank and burns it to generate a combustible gas by performing a gasification reaction at a high temperature. In this case, the fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 30 may be further mixed with the steam through the steam manufacturing apparatus 90 as described with reference to FIG. 1B to facilitate the gasification reaction.

In addition, the cooling chamber 40 is fresh water so that the syngas generated in the upper combustion chamber 30 passes through the water and is discharged to the outside.

Here, the combustion chamber 30 and the cooling chamber 40 are configured to separate the flow path by the double partition 50 formed of the tubular body, so that the synthesis gas generated during combustion moves along the flow path formed in the double partition. More specifically, between the combustion chamber 30 and the cooling chamber 40, a tapered portion 31 protruding from the inner circumferential surface of the chamber to the center is formed, and the inner partition of the double partition walls, which are two cylindrical bodies having different diameters, is formed in the tapered portion. 51 is attached to allow the combustible gas and other substances generated in the upper combustion chamber 30 to be introduced. In addition, the outer partition 52 having a large diameter is formed so as to be positioned below the tapered portion 31 at a predetermined distance so that the lower ends of the inner partition 51 and the outer partition 52 are formed on different layers.

The double bulkhead 50 having the above-described structure is formed to be locked by the fresh water in the cooling chamber 40 so that the gaseous components introduced through the inner bulkhead are pushed by the pressure and pushed to both sides from the bottom of the inner bulkhead. Flies In addition, as the pressing force is lowered, the gas component is again raised along the inner surface of the outer partition 52 and is collected in the upper space of the cooling chamber and discharged to the outside of the gasifier through the discharge pipe 60 connected thereto. In addition, particulate components such as unreacted material and slag are settled in the fresh water of the cooling chamber 40 is collected in the lower hopper 70.

The gasification method according to the present invention using the gasifier is preceded by a process (P1) of mixing a fuel composed of glycerin, the residue of biodiesel refining, with an oxidant, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

The oxidant is to facilitate the combustion in the combustion chamber in the gasifier. The oxidant may be used by directly mixing air in addition to the oxygen generally used. In the case where oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent, it is preferable to mix and use 0.7 to 1.0 weight ratio of oxidizing agent with respect to fuel 1, and when using air as the oxidizing agent, it is preferable to mix and use 1.8 to 2.4 weight ratio of oxidizing agent with respect to fuel 1. When supplying below the set value, there is a problem that combustion does not occur well. When supplying above the value, it is preferable to use the mixture within the above range because the combustion efficiency is not increased.

The fuel mixed at the above ratio is gasified in the combustion chamber (P2). The process is a process in which fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber inside the gasifier through a burner, and the gasification reaction is performed under high temperature and high pressure so that combustion gas and steam react to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which are combustible gases.

At this time, the combustion chamber is 1-2 ton / day It is preferable that the injection rate of the fuel supplied at the capacity is 40 to 45 kg / h so that the formation rate of the combustible gas is high. In addition, the combustion temperature is preferably maintained to 900 ~ 1100 ℃ to form a high rate of generation of flammable gas.

The supplied fuel itself contains a large amount of water to produce a combustible gas by reacting with the moisture contained in the combustion, but in order to further improve the reactivity, the fuel is a whole process of the oxidant mixing process before the fuel supply to the combustion chamber. Steam supply process (P4) for supplying steam to the may be further made.

The fuel is subjected to the gasification reaction in the combustion chamber, the synthesis gas including hydrogen generated at this time to remove the foreign matter through the filtering process (P3) to receive hydrogen and other flammable gas of improved purity.

For example, the synthesis gas generated in the combustion chamber is supplied to the lower cooling chamber, where gas and particle components are separated while passing through a double partition wall partially submerged in fresh water of the cooling chamber. That is, while the heavy bulk material such as the residues and unreacted substances remaining after the combustion reaction passes through the double bulkheads, it is settled and collected in the hopper, and the syngas passes through the bottom of the inner bulkhead of the double bulkhead and rises along the flow path between the outer bulkheads. The syngas collected in the upper space of the cooling chamber is collected by the refining process to produce a combustible gas such as hydrogen. In addition, the synthesis gas may improve the purity of the synthesis gas collected on the upper side of the cooling chamber by the alkali metal such as K, Na is dissolved in the fresh water in the process of passing through the fresh water of the cooling chamber.

Example

Combustible gas was produced using a gasifier using the residue after biodiesel purification as a fuel.

At this time, the industrial analysis and the elemental analysis of the fuel are shown in Table 1.

Fuel to the combustion chamber was fed at a rate of 40 to 45 kg / h.

As described above, air or oxygen was supplied to the fuel to be supplied as an oxidant, and the oxidant / fuel ratio was changed to enter the combustion chamber and combusted.

Experimental Example 1 Oxygen was used as the oxidizing agent, and the mixing ratio of oxygen / fuel was gradually increased from 0.7 to 1.2, and the composition ratio of the generated synthesis gas was measured and shown in FIG. 3. .

As shown, the composition ratio of carbon dioxide increases as the ratio of hydrogen and methane decreases as the mixing ratio of oxygen increases. It can be seen that the conversion rate to combustible gas is reduced because a lot of gas components are burned according to the excess oxygen supply. Therefore, the mixing ratio of oxygen / fuel is preferably supplied at 0.7 to 1.0.

4 shows the calculated amount of syngas generated during the experiment, the temperature of the combustion chamber during combustion, the cold gas efficiency and the carbon conversion amount.

As indicated, the amount of syngas generated was highest in the mixing ratio range of 0.7 to 1.0. At this time, the temperature of the combustion chamber was about 1000 ° C. and gradually increased. It can be inferred that the combustible gas is burned and the mixing ratio of the combustible gas is reduced. In addition, it can be seen that the cold gas efficiency gradually decreases, and the carbon conversion is slightly increased.

Therefore, when oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent, it is preferable to form an oxygen / fuel mixture ratio of 0.7 to 1.0. At this time, the amount of syngas generated is 2300 ~ 2500 kcal / Nm ³ It can be seen that the temperature of the combustion chamber is 950 ~ 1050 ℃, the cold gas efficiency is 50 ~ 65%, the carbon conversion amount is 80 ~ 95%.

Experimental Example 2 -Air was used as the oxidizing agent, and the air / fuel mixing ratio was 1.4, 1.6, 1.9, 2.6, and repeated several times. The composition ratio of the generated synthesis gas was measured and shown in FIG.

As indicated, it can be seen that the amount of gas generated according to each mixing ratio is maintained at about the same level, and in the case of CH ₄ , the air / fuel mixture ratio of 1.8 to 2.4 is gradually lowered. Therefore, it can be seen that the most combustible gas is received when the air / fuel mixture ratio is set at 1.8 to 2.4.

6 shows the gasification experiments with different air / fuel mixture ratios, and calculated and displayed the amount of syngas generated at this time, the combustion chamber temperature during combustion, the cold gas efficiency and the carbon conversion amount.

As indicated, the syngas calorific value and the combustion chamber temperature are shown to be greatest when the mixing ratio is 1.9, and the highest combustion chamber temperature is inferred that the fuel is optimally atomized at the mixing ratio and the most combustion gas is generated. can do. In addition, as the cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion are gradually increased, the ratio is slowly progressing in the vicinity of the mixing ratio 1.9. In the case of using air as described above, the most combustible gas can be received under the condition of 1.9 of the tested air / fuel mixture ratio.

When using air as the oxidizing agent, it is preferable to set the air / fuel mixture ratio to 1.8 to 2.4 to receive the most combustible gas. At this time, the amount of syngas generated is 1700 ~ 1900 kcal / Nm ³ The temperature of the combustion chamber is 950 ~ 1100 ℃, the cold gas efficiency is 50 ~ 65%, it can be seen that the carbon conversion amount is 65 ~ 75%.

In addition, the above-mentioned example is only an example to demonstrate this invention. Therefore, it is obvious that the ordinary skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains uses the partial change with reference to the detailed description.

1A and 1B are schematic diagrams showing a gasifier.

2a and 2b are flow charts of a gasification method according to the present invention.

3 is a graph showing the synthesis gas composition ratio during the gasification reaction according to the oxygen / fuel mixture ratio.

Figure 4 is a graph showing the amount of syngas generated according to the oxygen / fuel mixture ratio, combustion chamber temperature, cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion amount.

5 is a graph showing the synthesis gas composition ratio during the gasification reaction according to the air / fuel mixture ratio.

Figure 6 is a graph showing the amount of syngas generated according to the air / fuel mixture ratio, combustion chamber temperature, cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion amount.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: gasifier

20: burner

30: combustion chamber

31: taper part

40: cooling chamber

50: double bulkhead

51: inner partition 52: outer partition

60: discharge pipe

70: Hopper

80: fuel tank

90: steam production equipment

P1: Oxidizer Mixing Process

P2: gasification process

P3: Filtering Process

P4: Steam Supply Process

Claims (6)

In the gasification method of the biodiesel purification residues using a gasifier, An oxidant mixing process (P1) for mixing the fuel, which is a residue of biodiesel refining, with the oxidant in a burner; A gasification reaction process (P2) for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber inside the gasifier through the burner, and performing gasification reaction at a high temperature of 900 to 1100 ° C; The gas produced by the gasification reaction is passed through a cooling chamber in which water is fresh water to remove impurities, and the filtered solids are collected through a hopper to separate the collected solids into a hopper (P3). Gasification of residues. The method of claim 1, Before the oxidant mixing process, the method for gasification of the biodiesel refining residue, characterized in that the steam supply process (P4) for supplying steam to the fuel to facilitate the gasification reaction of the fuel is performed in advance. The method of claim 1, Oxygen is used in the oxidizing agent mixing process (P1), and the mixing ratio of the fuel and oxygen that is the oxidizing agent is a gasification method of the biodiesel refining residue, characterized in that the mixed ratio of 0.7 to 1.0 by weight of the oxidizing agent relative to fuel 1. The method of claim 1, The oxidant in the oxidant mixing process (P1) is air is used, the mixing ratio of the fuel and the air oxidant is used in the gas mixture of the biodiesel refining residue, characterized in that the mixing ratio of 1.8 to 2.4 by weight of the oxidant. delete The method of claim 1, The fuel is a gasification method of the biodiesel refining residue, characterized in that the remaining glycerin purified biodiesel.

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