JP5015170B2 - 熱エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する素子 - Google Patents
熱エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5015170B2 JP5015170B2 JP2008545743A JP2008545743A JP5015170B2 JP 5015170 B2 JP5015170 B2 JP 5015170B2 JP 2008545743 A JP2008545743 A JP 2008545743A JP 2008545743 A JP2008545743 A JP 2008545743A JP 5015170 B2 JP5015170 B2 JP 5015170B2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002772 conduction electron Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017115 AlSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018054 Ni-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018481 Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018885 Pt—Au Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004688 Ti-V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010968 Ti—V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000313 electron-beam-induced deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/142—Energy conversion devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J45/00—Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
- Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
- Thin Film Transistor (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Description
L=k*r/T+S2 (1)
Claims (22)
- 伝導帯と、前記伝導帯の底の局在化状態と、フェルミ面と、確率増幅とを有する金属を含んでいるソースであって、前記金属の前記局在化状態における十分な量の電子が前記金属の前記フェルミ面にまで励起されるようにされた、ソースと、
前記ソースに接し、禁制帯を有する層と、
前記層を介して前記ソースと接続されているコレクタと、
を備えており、
前記金属の前記局在化状態が前記禁制帯と整列している、電流源。 - 前記金属は、不規則金属を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の電流源。
- 前記金属は、複数の異なる金属を含み、前記異なる金属の原子がランダムに配置されている、請求項2に記載の電流源。
- 前記金属は、純粋な遷移金属を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の電流源。
- 前記金属は不純物を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の電流源。
- 前記金属が非遷移金属を含む場合には、前記不純物が周期律表において前記非遷移金属と同列となる物質であり、前記金属が遷移金属を含む場合には、前記不純物が周期律表において前記遷移金属と同列又は右側の列となる物質である、請求項5に記載の電流源。
- 前記金属は鉛を含み、前記不純物はビスマスを含んでいる、請求項5に記載の電流源。
- 前記ソースに対し実質的に垂直な磁界を印加するための磁界源を更に備えており、前記金属は実質的に不規則性ではない、請求項1に記載の電流源。
- 前記ソースに対し磁界と平行でない向きの交番電界を印加するための電界源をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の電流源。
- 前記電界源は前記層からなっており、前記層は、高密度の光学活性な局在化フォノンモードを有している、請求項9に記載の電流源。
- 前記層はバッファを更に備え、前記バッファは金属、半導体、又は絶縁体の内の少なくとも1つを含んでおり、前記バッファと前記コレクタとの間にフィルタが更に設けられている、請求項1に記載の電流源。
- 前記バッファの厚さは、約10〜50Åである、請求項11に記載の電流源。
- 基板を更に備えており、前記基板の上には複数の構造体が形成され、各構造体が前記ソースと、前記フィルタと、前記コレクタとを備えている、請求項1に記載の電流源。
- 前記金属は非遷移金属を含み、前記確率増幅が前記金属の物理表面の100Å以内に生成される、請求項1に記載の電流源。
- 伝導帯と、前記伝導帯の底の局在化状態と、フェルミ面と、確率増幅とを有する金属を含んでいるソースであって、前記金属の前記局在化状態における十分な量の電子が前記金属の前記フェルミ面にまで励起されるようにされた、ソースと、
前記ソースに接し、禁制帯を有するバッファであって、帯電したキャリアが通過するのを許容するのに十分な厚さを有するバッファと、
前記バッファに接している半導体フィルタと、
前記フィルタに接しているコレクタと、
を備えており、
前記金属の前記局在化状態が前記バッファの前記禁制帯と整列している、電流源。 - 前記金属は、不規則金属を含んでいる、請求項15に記載の電流源。
- 前記金属は、複数の異なる金属を含み、前記異なる金属の原子が不規則に配置されている、請求項16に記載の電流源。
- 前記金属は、純粋な遷移金属を含んでいる、請求項15に記載の電流源。
- 前記金属は不純物を含んでおり、前記金属が非遷移金属からなる場合には、前記不純物が、周期律表において前記非遷移金属と同列となる物質であり、前記金属が遷移金属からなる場合には、前記不純物が、周期律表において前記遷移金属と同列又は右側の列となる物質である、請求項15に記載の電流源。
- 前記ソースに対し実質的に垂直な磁界を印加するための磁界源と、前記ソースに対し磁界と平行でない向きの交番磁界を印加するための電界源と、を更に備えており、前記金属は実質的に不規則性ではない、請求項15に記載の電流源。
- 前記バッファは、高密度の光学活性な局在化フォノンモードを有し、前記電界源は前記バッファを含む、請求項20に記載の電流源。
- 基板を更に備え、前記基板の上には複数の構造体が形成され、各構造体が前記ソースと、前記バッファと、前記フィルタと、前記コレクタを備えている、請求項21に記載の電流源。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US75057505P | 2005-12-14 | 2005-12-14 | |
US60/750,575 | 2005-12-14 | ||
US11/336,354 US8053947B2 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-01-20 | Device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy |
US11/336,354 | 2006-01-20 | ||
PCT/US2006/047403 WO2007070524A2 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-12 | Device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009520359A JP2009520359A (ja) | 2009-05-21 |
JP5015170B2 true JP5015170B2 (ja) | 2012-08-29 |
Family
ID=38122376
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008545743A Expired - Fee Related JP5015170B2 (ja) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-12 | 熱エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する素子 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US8053947B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1979957A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5015170B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101173333B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101375422B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2006326558B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0619846A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2633028C (ja) |
EA (1) | EA015843B1 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1128990A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2008007786A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007070524A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8053947B2 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2011-11-08 | Kriisa Research, Inc. | Device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy |
JP2012090358A (ja) * | 2008-06-16 | 2012-05-10 | Norio Akamatsu | 電界効果発電装置 |
EP2311094B1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2014-01-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Multi-layer reconfigurable switches |
RU2507642C2 (ru) * | 2012-05-10 | 2014-02-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Энергия" | Тепловой химический источник тока |
US10559864B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2020-02-11 | Birmingham Technologies, Inc. | Nanofluid contact potential difference battery |
CN104796038B (zh) * | 2015-02-27 | 2017-03-15 | 东南大学 | 一种基于荷电团簇迁移的动能‑电能转换装置 |
CN105206736B (zh) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-12-08 | 山东大学 | 一种高优值系数的高温合金热电材料及其制备方法 |
WO2017038988A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-04 | 2017-03-09 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 熱電発電素子及びそれを含む熱電発電モジュール、並びにそれを用いた熱電発電方法 |
US10439123B2 (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2019-10-08 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Apparatus, systems, and methods for generating thermopower |
US11942879B2 (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2024-03-26 | Calagen, Inc. | Cooling module using electrical pulses |
US11996790B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2024-05-28 | Calagen, Inc. | Producing electrical energy using an etalon |
US20230041405A1 (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-09 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Characterizing defects in semiconductor layers |
WO2024076440A1 (en) * | 2022-10-04 | 2024-04-11 | Kriisa United Llc | Semiconductor heat management |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3169200A (en) | 1962-06-22 | 1965-02-09 | Fred N Huffman | Thermotunnel converter |
US3402074A (en) * | 1963-03-22 | 1968-09-17 | Texas Instruments Inc | Energy converter |
US3333140A (en) * | 1963-07-29 | 1967-07-25 | Texas Instruments Inc | Thermionic device |
JP3388841B2 (ja) * | 1993-09-17 | 2003-03-24 | 株式会社ワイ・ワイ・エル | 熱発電装置 |
US5644184A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-07-01 | Thermodyne, Inc. | Piezo-pyroelectric energy converter and method |
US5780954A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-07-14 | Davis; Edwin D. | Thermionic electric converters |
JP4167761B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-14 | 2008-10-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール |
US6396191B1 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 2002-05-28 | Eneco, Inc. | Thermal diode for energy conversion |
US6489704B1 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 2002-12-03 | Eneco, Inc. | Hybrid thermionic energy converter and method |
US6779347B2 (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2004-08-24 | C.P. Baker Securities, Inc. | Solid-state thermionic refrigeration |
US6946596B2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2005-09-20 | Kucherov Yan R | Tunneling-effect energy converters |
JP4939928B2 (ja) | 2003-03-13 | 2012-05-30 | マイクロパワー グローバル リミテッド | 半導体エネルギー変換器 |
US8053947B2 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2011-11-08 | Kriisa Research, Inc. | Device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy |
-
2006
- 2006-01-20 US US11/336,354 patent/US8053947B2/en active Active - Reinstated
- 2006-12-12 BR BRPI0619846-5A patent/BRPI0619846A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-12 AU AU2006326558A patent/AU2006326558B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-12-12 JP JP2008545743A patent/JP5015170B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-12 WO PCT/US2006/047403 patent/WO2007070524A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-12 CA CA2633028A patent/CA2633028C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-12 KR KR1020087014932A patent/KR101173333B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-12 MX MX2008007786A patent/MX2008007786A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-12-12 CN CN2006800528020A patent/CN101375422B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-12 EP EP06847569A patent/EP1979957A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-12 EA EA200801502A patent/EA015843B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-08-03 HK HK09107081.6A patent/HK1128990A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2011
- 2011-09-23 US US13/242,639 patent/US8581469B2/en active Active - Reinstated
-
2013
- 2013-10-16 US US14/055,158 patent/US20140060603A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007070524A3 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
EA015843B1 (ru) | 2011-12-30 |
JP2009520359A (ja) | 2009-05-21 |
KR20080075887A (ko) | 2008-08-19 |
US8581469B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
US8053947B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 |
CA2633028C (en) | 2012-12-11 |
CN101375422B (zh) | 2010-06-23 |
AU2006326558B2 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
MX2008007786A (es) | 2009-03-04 |
EP1979957A2 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
EA200801502A1 (ru) | 2008-10-30 |
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AU2006326558A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
KR101173333B1 (ko) | 2012-08-14 |
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US20120012147A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
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