JP5005138B2 - High-temperature wet heat treatment equipment - Google Patents

High-temperature wet heat treatment equipment Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP5005138B2
JP5005138B2 JP2001252890A JP2001252890A JP5005138B2 JP 5005138 B2 JP5005138 B2 JP 5005138B2 JP 2001252890 A JP2001252890 A JP 2001252890A JP 2001252890 A JP2001252890 A JP 2001252890A JP 5005138 B2 JP5005138 B2 JP 5005138B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
steam
temperature
water vapor
steam discharge
heat treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2001252890A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2003062445A (en
Inventor
洋一 加藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hisaka Works Ltd
Original Assignee
Hisaka Works Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hisaka Works Ltd filed Critical Hisaka Works Ltd
Priority to JP2001252890A priority Critical patent/JP5005138B2/en
Publication of JP2003062445A publication Critical patent/JP2003062445A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP5005138B2 publication Critical patent/JP5005138B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は水蒸気を加熱手段として用いてバイオマス廃棄物やプラスチック類等の被処理材料を高温湿熱処理する高温湿熱処理装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
食品関連工場、各種醸造工場あるいは農業や漁業や農水産物関連企業等からでるバイオマス廃棄物の再利用は時代の要請である。バイオマス原料に関してはこれらの原料を一般に180℃以上の水蒸気を用いて加熱する高温湿熱処理をすることで短時間に加水分解反応或いは酸化反応等による改質が生じると言われている。例えば、植物系のバイオマス原料を例にとれば、この処理により植物性繊維素(セルロース)の糖化が生じる。この糖化改質したものは自然発酵しやすく肥料や飼料として有効なものになる。
【0003】
また、化学合成品であるプラスチック類等の廃棄物の減容処理や更に再利用についても同様であり、高温湿熱処理により加水分解が生じるものがあり、その場合には、元々のプラスチック原料である高分子化合物のモノマー乃至はオリゴマーとして回収できるためケミカルリサイクルやサーモリサイクルが可能になる。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この様に、各種の廃棄物原料にとって水蒸気を用いる高温湿熱処理は再利用を図るために極めて有効な手段であるが、これまでこの高温湿熱処理を合理的に行える方法と装置が無かった。
【0005】
この水蒸気による高温湿熱処理にとって、極めて重要な点は処理時間を短縮することである。処理時間を短縮することは、生産性の向上やエネルギーコストの低廉化の点で有効である。また、処理時間が長くなると分解や改質が過剰に行われたり、焦げ臭が発生したりする。また、水蒸気を用いて加熱する高温湿熱処理においては、被処理材料の加熱が伝熱作用により外層部から進行するため、被処理材料を均一に加熱することが難しかった。即ち、被処理材料の外層部分は過分解や焦げが生じ易く、被処理材料の内層部分は分解や改質が不十分である場合があった。
【0006】
そこで、本発明は、短時間でかつ均一に高温湿熱処理を行う高温湿熱処理装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載の高温湿熱処理装置は、処理槽と、前記処理槽内に設けられ、周面が共に通気性を有する外筒と内筒の2重筒で構成され、前記内筒は前記外筒の中心部に底部を貫通して固定的に配設され、前記外筒の底面、前記内筒の上面及び前記外筒の底部から外部に露出した内筒部分を気密性の壁面で構成した処理容器と、前記外筒と内筒で囲まれた領域であって被処理材料を充填する材料充填領域と、前記内筒の内側に形成され、前記材料充填領域に充填された被処理材料を通過した水蒸気が排出される蒸気排出領域と、前記内筒の上端に覆い被さるキャップ部と、前記被処理材料の上面を押える蓋部とを有し、前記材料充填領域に充填した前記被処理材料を上から自重で押える押え蓋と、前記処理槽内の前記処理容器の周囲に加熱用の水蒸気を導入する蒸気導入配管と、前記蒸気排出領域から水蒸気を連続的に排出する蒸気排出配管とを備え、前記水蒸気による高温湿熱処理で前記被処理材料の容積が減ると、前記蓋部が前記被処理材料の上面に追随して降下するとともに、前記キャップ部が前記内筒の前記被処理材料の上面から突出した部分に覆い被さりながら降下するようにし、前記押え蓋によって前記被処理材料を通過してない水蒸気が前記内筒内の蒸気排出領域に流入しないようにしたことを特徴とする。
【0008】
なお、被処理材料には、建築廃材や間伐材等の粉砕木材、木材チップ、大鋸屑、粉砕古紙、植物系繊維、籾殻や、これらの幾つかを配合した複合材料が含まれる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態に係る高温湿熱処理装置を図面に基づいて説明する。
【0010】
この高温湿熱処理装置を示す図1において、1は水蒸気加熱処理槽としての処理槽、2は被処理材料8を充填する処理容器、3は蒸気導入配管、4は蒸気排出配管である。
【0011】
この高温湿熱処理装置は、被処理材料8を充填した処理容器2を処理槽1内に載置し、蒸気導入配管3から高温高圧に加熱した水蒸気を処理槽1に供給するとともに、被処理材料8に水蒸気を通過させ、被処理材料8を通過した水蒸気を蒸気排出配管4を通して連続的に排出する。このように高温高圧に加熱した水蒸気を連続的に被処理材料8に通過させることにより、被処理材料8に対して早期かつ均一に高温湿熱処理を行っている。以下、この高温湿熱処理装置を詳細に説明する。
【0012】
処理槽1は、図1に示すように、略円筒形状の容器を縦置きに設置したもので、上面に開閉可能な蓋11を取り付けたものである。
【0013】
処理槽1の底部には蒸気排出配管4の接続部27と、処理槽1の底部に溜まった水を排出するドレン管13が取り付けてある。蒸気排出配管4の接続部27は、処理槽1の底部の真中に立設しており、処理槽1の底部の内側面と蒸気排出配管4の接続部27の外側面との間に半径方向に延在したリブ12で支持されている。
【0014】
処理槽1の上部には、圧力計15と安全弁16とドレン管17を備え、処理槽1内が所定の圧力以上になったときに、安全弁16を開放して処理槽1を減圧する安全装置18が配設されている。処理槽1には蒸気導入配管3が接続されて高温高圧の加熱用の水蒸気が導入されるようになっている。
【0015】
処理容器2は、被処理材料8を充填する容器であって、処理槽1の上部の蓋11を開けて、処理槽1の上部からクレーン(図示省略)で吊上げて処理槽1へ出し入れするようになっている。
【0016】
処理容器2は有底円筒形状の外筒21と、外筒21の中心部に底部を貫通して固定的に配設した内筒22を備えた2重筒で構成されている。外筒21と内筒22の周面21a、22aは共に、通気性を有する壁面で構成されている。かかる周面21a、22aは、例えば、被処理材料8が漏れない程度の大きさの通気孔が多数形成されたパンチングメタルプレートで構成することができる。外筒21の底面21b、内筒22の上面22b及び内筒22の外筒21の外部に露出している部分22cは、気密性のある壁面で構成されている。処理容器2の外筒21と内筒22で囲まれた領域は被処理材料8を充填する充填領域23になり、内筒22の内側の領域は、充填領域23に充填された被処理材料8を通過した水蒸気が排出される蒸気排出領域24になる。
【0017】
処理容器2には、充填領域23に充填した被処理材料8を上から自重で押える押え蓋25が、被処理材料8を充填した後で載せされる。押え蓋25は、内筒22に覆い被さるキャップ部25aと、被処理材料8の上面を押える蓋部25bとを備えている。高温湿熱処理で被処理材料8の容積が減ると、蓋部25bが被処理材料8の上面に追随して降下するとともに、キャップ部25aが内筒22の被処理材料8の上面から突出した部分に覆い被さりながら降下するようになっている。この押え蓋25により、被処理材料8を通過してない水蒸気が内筒22内の蒸気排出領域24に流入しないようになっている。
【0018】
処理容器2の内筒22の底部には、処理槽1の底面に配設された蒸気排出配管4の接続部27に接続するための接続部26が構成されている。内筒22の接続部26は、蒸気排出配管4の接続部27と一対の構造であって、気密性を確保した状態で水蒸気の排気を行うことができる構造になっている。
【0019】
例えば、内筒22の接続部26と蒸気排出配管4の接続部27は、それぞれ対面状態で合致するフランジ26a、27aを形成すると共に、両者のフランジ26a、27aの接合面にそれぞれシール部材28を装着した構造になっている。処理容器2は、処理槽1に収容する際に、蒸気排出配管4の接続部27に内筒22の接続部26を押し付けた状態で固定することにより、処理容器2の内筒22と蒸気排出配管4を気密性を確保した状態で接続している。
【0020】
蒸気導入配管3は、高温高圧の水蒸気の供給源(図示省略)から、処理槽1内に高温高圧の水蒸気を導入する配管であって、圧力計31と、手動弁32と、自動弁33と、制御装置34とを備えている。圧力計31は処理槽1に導入する水蒸気の圧力を測定するためのものである。手動弁32は水蒸気の導入量を手動調節するためのものである。自動弁33は、高温湿熱処理工程中に水蒸気の導入量を自動調節するためのものである。制御装置34は処理槽1内に取り付けたセンサ(温度センサ)35で温度を測定し、処理槽1内の温度が所定の温度になるように、自動弁33の開放量を調節するものである。なお、制御装置は34は、上記のように処理槽1内の温度を基に水蒸気の供給量を調節するものでもよいが、処理槽1内に圧力センサを取り付けて、処理槽1内の圧力が所定の圧力になるように、自動弁33の開放量を調節して水蒸気の供給量を調節するようにしてもよい。また、温度による制御と圧力による制御を併用して、温度と圧力の両方を基に自動弁33の開放量を調節して水蒸気の供給量を調節するようにしてもよい。なお、蒸気導入配管3は処理槽1内に水蒸気を拡散供給できるようになっている。
【0021】
蒸気排出配管4は、上述したように、処理槽1内において、処理容器2の内筒22の接続部26に接続される接続部27が配設されており、この接続部27から処理槽1の外部に水蒸気を連続的に排出する配管である。蒸気排出配管4には、温度センサ41と、自動弁42と、手動弁43と、熱交換器44が取り付けてある。温度センサ41は蒸気排出配管4内の温度を測定するものである。自動弁42は、高温湿熱処理工程中に水蒸気を自動的に排出するためのものである。手動弁43は水蒸気の排出量を手動調節するためのものである。熱交換器44は冷却水が流れる冷却水配管45を備えており、蒸気排出配管4を通って排出される水蒸気と冷却水配管45を流れる冷却水との間で熱交換を行い水蒸気を水に変換して排出するものである。
【0022】
以下、この高温湿熱処理装置の使用方法を説明する。
【0023】
まず、材料充填工程において、処理槽1の上部の蓋11を開けて処理容器2を取り出し、処理容器2の充填領域23に被処理材料8を充填し、図1に示すように、処理容器2を処理槽1に戻して蓋11を閉じる。
【0024】
次に、高温湿熱処理工程に移行する。高温湿熱処理工程では蒸気導入配管3より処理槽1内に高温高圧の加熱用の水蒸気を導入すると共に、蒸気排出配管4から水蒸気を排出し、処理槽1内の水蒸気の温度が所定の加熱温度になるように、制御装置34で水蒸気の供給量を調節しながら行う。
【0025】
この時、高温高圧の水蒸気が導入される処理槽1内は蒸気排出配管4内よりも圧力が高くなっている。この差分圧力により、処理槽1内の水蒸気は、処理容器の外側から処理容器2内の外筒21と内筒22の間の充填領域23に充填された被処理材料8を通過して、内筒22の内側の蒸気排出領域24に排出され、蒸気排出領域24から蒸気排出配管4に流れて蒸気排出配管4を通って外部に排出されるようになる。即ち、蒸気導入配管3から導入され、処理容器2の充填領域23の外周側から被処理材料8を通過して、充填領域23の内周側の蒸気排出配管4に排出される水蒸気の流路が形成され、加熱用の水蒸気が連続的にどんどん被処理材料8を通過していく。これにより、処理容器2の充填領域23に充填された被処理材料8全体に早期かつ均一高温湿熱処理が施される。
【0026】
また、処理槽1に取り付けた温度センサ35と蒸気排出配管4に取り付けた温度センサ41により、処理槽1内の水蒸気の温度と蒸気排出配管4内の水蒸気の温度をそれぞれ比較測定することができる。この処理槽1内の水蒸気の温度と蒸気排出配管4内の水蒸気の温度が略同じ温度になれば、被処理材料8を通過する際に水蒸気の熱エネルギが減少しないことになるから、被処理材料8が均一に所定の温度に加熱されたことになる。したがって、この処理槽1内の水蒸気の温度と蒸気排出配管4内の水蒸気の温度が略同じ温度になった段階で、高温湿熱状態を確認できるから、適切な高温室熱処理が可能になる。
【0027】
この装置によれば、被処理材料8を早期かつ均一に高温湿熱処理を施すことができる。
【0028】
以上、本発明の実施形態に係る高温湿熱処理装置について説明したが、被処理材料8が粘土状や微粉末状など水蒸気が通気し難い状態のものである場合には、被処理材料8に通気性改善材料を配合して、被処理材料8の通気性を改善すると良い。通気性改善材料には、例えば、大鋸屑や、被処理材料と同じ材料で粒状になっているもの等が含まれる。被処理材料8に通気性改善材料を配合することにより、被処理材料8に水蒸気が通過し易い状態になり、被処理材料8の早期かつ均一な高温室熱処理が可能になる。
【0029】
次に、本発明の参考例1に係る高温湿熱処理装置を説明する。
【0030】
この高温湿熱処理装置を示す図2において、51は水蒸気加熱処理槽としての処理槽、52は成形用金型としての処理容器、53は蒸気導入配管、54は蒸気排出配管である。
【0031】
処理槽51は、図3に示すように、略円筒形状の容器を縦置きに設置したもので、上面に開閉可能な蓋61を取り付けたものである。処理槽51には、所定の高さに処理容器52を載置する載置部62がある。処理槽51の載置部62よりも上側の領域には、蒸気導入配管53から高温高圧に加熱された水蒸気が供給されるようになっており、処理槽51の底部には蒸気排出配管54の水蒸気流入口63が設けてある。また、処理槽51の上部には、圧力計65と安全弁66とドレン管67を備え、処理槽51内が所定の圧力以上になったときに、安全弁66を開放して処理槽51を減圧する安全装置68が配設されている。
【0032】
処理容器52は、被処理材料8を充填するための容器で、処理槽51内の載置部62に載置される。処理容器52は、処理槽51の上部の蓋61を開けて、処理槽51の上部からクレーン(図示省略)で吊上げて処理槽51内に出し入れできるようになっている。
【0033】
処理容器52の底面は、通気性を有する仕切板69になっている。処理容器52を載置する処理槽51の載置部62は、中央に開口部62aが形成された円盤状の部材で、処理槽51内の所定の高さの位置に配設されている。処理容器52が処理槽51の載置部62に載置されると、処理槽51の載置部62と処理容器52の仕切板69により処理槽51が上下に仕切られるようになっている。この処理容器52の仕切板69より上の領域は被処理材料8の充填領域52aになり、処理槽1の処理槽51の載置部62と処理容器52の仕切板69より下側の領域は、蒸気排出領域51aになる。
【0034】
蒸気導入配管53は、高温高圧の水蒸気の供給源(図示省略)から、処理槽51内に高温高圧の水蒸気を導入する配管であって、実施形態の蒸気導入配管3と同様に、圧力計71と、手動弁72と、自動弁73と、制御装置74と、センサ(温度センサ)75を備えている。蒸気導入配管53の機能は、実施形態の蒸気導入配管3と同じであるので重複する説明を省略する。
【0035】
蒸気排出配管54は、上述したように、処理槽51の底部に水蒸気流入口63が設けてあり、この水蒸気流入口63から処理槽51の外部に水蒸気を排出する配管が配設されている。蒸気排出配管54には、実施形態の蒸気排出配管4と同様に、温度センサ81と、自動弁82と、手動弁83と、熱交換器84と、冷却水配管85が取り付けてある。蒸気排出配管54の機能は、実施形態の蒸気排出配管4と同じであるので重複する説明を省略する。また、この実施形態では、蒸気排出配管54に処理槽51の底部に溜まった水を排出するドレン管86が取り付けてある。
【0036】
以下、この高温湿熱処理装置の使用方法を説明する。
【0037】
まず、材料充填工程において、処理槽51の上部の蓋61を開けて処理容器52を取り出す。そして、処理容器52に被処理材料8を充填し、図3に示すように、処理容器52を処理槽51に戻して蓋61を閉じる。
【0038】
次に、高温湿熱処理工程に移行する。高温湿熱処理工程では、実施形態の高温湿熱処理装置と同様に、蒸気導入配管53より処理槽1内に高温高圧の加熱用の水蒸気を導入すると共に、蒸気排出配管54から水蒸気を排出し、処理槽51内の水蒸気の温度が所定の加熱温度になるように、制御装置74で水蒸気の供給量を調節しながら行う。
【0039】
この時、高温高圧の水蒸気が導入される処理槽51内は蒸気排出配管54内よりも圧力が高くなっている。この差分圧力により、処理槽1内の水蒸気は、処理容器52の上側から処理容器52内に充填された被処理材料8を通過して、処理容器52の下側の蒸気排出領域51aに排出され、蒸気排出領域51aから蒸気排出配管54に流れて蒸気排出配管54を通って外部に排出されるようになる。即ち、蒸気導入配管53から導入され、処理容器52内に充填された被処理材料8を通過して、処理容器52の下側の蒸気排出領域51aから蒸気排出配管54に排出される水蒸気の流路が形成され、加熱用の水蒸気が連続的にどんどん被処理材料8を通過していく。これにより、処理容器52内に充填された被処理材料8全体に早期かつ均一に高温湿熱処理が施されるようになっている。
【0040】
また、実施形態の高温湿熱処理装置と同様、処理槽51に取り付けた温度センサ75と蒸気排出配管54に取り付けた温度センサ81により、処理槽51内の水蒸気の温度と蒸気排出配管54内の水蒸気の温度をそれぞれ比較測定することができる。この処理槽51内の水蒸気の温度と蒸気排出配管54内の水蒸気の温度が略同じ温度になれば、被処理材料8を通過する際に水蒸気の熱エネルギが減少しないことになるから、被処理材料8が均一に所定の温度に加熱されたことになる。
【0041】
この装置によれば、被処理材料を早期かつ均一に高温湿熱処理をすることができる。
【0042】
以上、本発明の参考例1に係る高温湿熱処理装置について説明したが、実施形態の高温湿熱処理装置と同様、被処理材料8が、粘土状等の水蒸気が通気し難い状態のものである場合は、被処理材料8に通気性改善材料を配合して、被処理材料8の通気性を改善すると良い。
【0043】
次に、本発明の参考例2に係る高温湿熱処理装置を説明する。
【0044】
この高温湿熱処理装置を示す図3において、101は水蒸気加熱処理槽としての処理槽、103は蒸気導入配管、104は蒸気排出配管である。
【0045】
処理槽101は、図3に示すように、略円筒形状の容器を縦置きに設置したもので、上部と底部にそれぞれ開閉可能な蓋111、112が取り付けられている。底部の蓋112の内面には、通気性を有する仕切板113が配設してある。処理槽101は、底部の蓋112を閉じた状態において、仕切板113の上側が被処理材料8を充填する充填領域114になり、仕切板113の下側が蒸気排出領域115になる。この高温湿熱処理装置は、処理容器が無く、処理槽101の上部の蓋111を開けて、処理槽101内に被処理材料8を直に充填するようになっている。
【0046】
処理槽101の底部には蒸気排出配管104の水蒸気流入口116が設けてあり、処理槽101の上部には、圧力計117と安全弁118とドレン管119を備え、処理槽101内が所定の圧力以上になったときに、安全弁118を開放して処理槽101を減圧する安全装置120が配設されている。
【0047】
蒸気導入配管103は、高温高圧の水蒸気の供給源(図示省略)から、処理槽101内に高温高圧の水蒸気を導入する配管であって、実施形態の蒸気導入配管3と同様に、圧力計121と、手動弁122と、自動弁123と、制御装置124と、センサ(温度センサ)125を備えている。蒸気導入配管103の機能は、実施形態の蒸気導入配管103と同じであるので重複する説明を省略する。
【0048】
蒸気排出配管104は、上述したように、処理槽101の底部に水蒸気流入口116が設けてあり、この水蒸気流入口116から処理槽101の外部に水蒸気を排出する配管が配設されている。蒸気排出配管104には、実施形態の蒸気排出配管4と同様に、温度センサ131と、自動弁132と、手動弁133と、熱交換器134と、冷却水配管135が取り付けてある。蒸気排出配管104の機能は、実施形態の蒸気排出配管4と同じであるので重複する説明を省略する。また、この実施形態では、処理槽101の底部が蓋112になっており、開閉可能な状態になっているので、蓋112の開閉を妨げないように、蒸気排出配管104は処理槽101の底部の蓋112に接続する部分104aが蛇腹状の変形可能な配管になっている。
【0049】
以下、この高温湿熱処理装置の使用方法を説明する。
【0050】
まず、材料充填工程において、処理槽101の上部の蓋111を開けて、図3に示すように、処理槽101に所定の高さまで被処理材料8を充填して蓋111を閉じる。
【0051】
次に、高温湿熱処理工程に移行する。高温湿熱処理工程では、実施形態の高温湿熱処理装置と同様に、蒸気導入配管103より処理槽101内に高温高圧に加熱した水蒸気を導入すると共に、蒸気排出配管104から水蒸気を排出し、処理槽101内の水蒸気の温度が所定の加熱温度になるように、制御装置124で水蒸気の供給量を調節しながら行う。
【0052】
この時、高温高圧の水蒸気が導入される処理槽101の上側の領域は蒸気排出配管104内よりも圧力が高くなっている。この差分圧力により、処理槽101内の水蒸気は、処理槽101内に充填された被処理材料8を通過して、処理槽101の下側の蒸気排出領域115に排出され、蒸気排出配管104を通って外部に排出されるようになる。即ち、蒸気導入配管103から導入され、処理槽101内に充填された被処理材料8を通過して、処理槽101の下側の蒸気排出領域115から蒸気排出配管104に排出される水蒸気の流路が形成され、加熱用の水蒸気が連続的にどんどん被処理材料8を通過していく。これにより、処理槽101内に充填された被処理材料8全体に早期かつ均一に高温湿熱処理が施される。
【0053】
また、実施形態の高温湿熱処理装置と同様、処理槽101に取り付けた温度センサ125と蒸気排出配管104に取り付けた温度センサ131により、処理槽101内の水蒸気の温度と蒸気排出配管104内の水蒸気の温度をそれぞれ比較測定することができる。この処理槽101内の水蒸気の温度と蒸気排出配管104内の水蒸気の温度が略同じ温度になれば、被処理材料8を通過する際に水蒸気の熱エネルギが減少しないことになるから、被処理材料8が均一に所定の温度に加熱されたことになる。
【0054】
被処理材料8は、高温湿熱処理が完了した後、処理槽101の下側の蓋112を開けて、処理槽101の下側から取り出せるようになっている。
【0055】
この装置によれば、被処理材料を早期かつ均一に高温湿熱処理をすることができる。
【0056】
以上、本発明の参考例2に係る高温湿熱処理装置について説明したが、実施形態の高温湿熱処理装置と同様、被処理材料8が、粘土状等で水蒸気が通気し難い状態のものである場合は、被処理材料8に通気性改善材料を配合して、通気性を改善すると良い。
【0057】
次に、本発明の参考例3に係る高温湿熱処理装置を説明する。
【0058】
この高温湿熱処理装置を示す図4において、151は水蒸気加熱処理槽としての処理槽、152は被処理材料8を充填する処理容器、153は蒸気導入配管、154は蒸気排出配管である。
【0059】
処理槽151は、図1に示すように、略円筒形状の容器を横置きに設置したもので、図中左側の側面に開閉可能な蓋161を取り付け、処理槽151の底に長手方向にローラ162のついたレール163を配設している。レール163は、処理容器152を載置するものであって、処理容器152をレール163に沿って移動させ、処理槽151の図中左側の側面から出し入れすることを容易にするものである。
【0060】
処理槽151内において、処理容器152が収容される領域の外側には、長手方向に多数の噴霧孔164aが形成された噴霧配管164が処理槽151の長手方向に延在している。
【0061】
処理槽151の上部には、圧力計165と安全弁166を備え、処理槽151が所定の圧力以上になったときに、安全弁166を開放して処理槽151を減圧する安全装置167が配設されている。また、処理槽151の下部にはドレン管168が設置されており、処理槽151の下部に溜まった水を排出するようになっている。また、処理槽151の右側面には蒸気排出配管154の接続部174が設置されている。
【0062】
次に、処理容器152は、被処理材料8の圧密固定処理を行うための成形用金型で、処理槽151のレール163上に載置されて処理槽151の左側の側面から出し入れが可能な状態になっている。
【0063】
処理容器152の底面よりも所定の高さの位置には、通気性を有する仕切板171が配設されている。
【0064】
仕切板171の上側の領域は被処理材料8を充填する充填領域になり、仕切板171の下側の空間は水蒸気の排出流路172になる。排出流路172の図中右側の側面には、蒸気排出配管154に接続するための接続部173が設けてある。排出流路172の接続部173は蒸気排出配管154の接続部174と一対の構造であって、気密性を確保した状態で水蒸気の排気を行うことができる構造になっている。
【0065】
例えば、排出流路172の接続部173と蒸気排出配管154の接続部174は、それぞれ対面状態で合致するフランジ173a、174aを形成すると共に、両者のフランジ173a、174aの接合面にそれぞれシール部材175を装着した構造とし、処理容器152を処理槽151のレール163に沿って図中右側に移動させ、蒸気排出配管154の接続部174に排出流路172の接続部173を押し付けた状態で処理容器152を固定することにより、気密性を確保した状態で処理容器152の排出流路172と蒸気排出配管154を接続する構造にすることができる。
【0066】
蒸気導入配管153は、高温高圧の水蒸気の供給源(図示省略)から、処理槽151内に高温高圧の水蒸気を導入する配管であって、実施形態の蒸気導入配管3と同様に、圧力計181と、手動弁182と、自動弁183と、制御装置184とを備えている。蒸気導入配管153の機能は、実施形態の蒸気導入配管3と同じであるので重複する説明を省略する。
【0067】
蒸気排出配管154は、上述したように、処理槽151内において、処理容器152の排出流路172の接続部173に接続される接続部174が配設されており、この接続部174から処理槽151の外部に水蒸気を排出する配管である。蒸気排出配管154には、実施形態の蒸気排出配管4と同様に、温度センサ191と、自動弁192と、手動弁193と、熱交換器194が取り付けてある。蒸気排出配管154の機能は、実施形態の蒸気排出配管4と同じであるので重複する説明を省略する。
【0068】
以下、この高温湿熱処理装置の使用方法を説明する。
【0069】
まず、材料充填工程において、処理槽151の左側の蓋161を開けて処理容器152を取り出し、処理容器152に被処理材料8を充填し、図1に示すように、処理容器152を処理槽151に戻して蓋161を閉じる。
【0070】
次に、高温湿熱処理工程に移行する。高温湿熱処理工程では、蒸気導入配管153より高温高圧の加熱用の水蒸気を導入すると共に、蒸気排出配管154から水蒸気を排出し、処理槽151内の温度が所定の加熱温度になるように、制御装置184で蒸気導入配管153から導入する水蒸気の導入量と蒸気排出配管154から排出する水蒸気の排出量を調節しながら行う。
【0071】
この時、高温高圧の水蒸気が導入される処理槽151内は蒸気排出配管154内よりも圧力が高くなっている。この差分圧力により、処理槽151内の水蒸気は、処理容器152内の被処理材料8を通過して、処理容器152の排出流路172に流出し、蒸気排出配管154を通って外部に排出されるようになる。即ち、蒸気導入配管153から導入され、被処理材料8を通過して蒸気排出配管154から排出される水蒸気の流路が形成され、水蒸気が連続的にどんどん被処理材料8を通過していくので、処理容器152内の被処理材料8全体が早期かつ均一に軟化温度に加熱される。
【0072】
また、処理槽151に取り付けた温度センサ185と蒸気排出配管154に取り付けた温度センサ191により、処理槽151内の温度と蒸気排出配管154内の温度をそれぞれ比較測定することができる。この処理槽151内の温度と蒸気排出配管154内の温度が略同じ温度になれば、被処理材料8を通過する際に水蒸気の熱エネルギが減少しないことになるから、被処理材料8が均一に軟化温度に加熱されたことになる。
【0073】
以上、本発明の参考例3に係る高温湿熱処理装置について説明したが、実施形態の高温湿熱処理装置と同様、被処理材料8が、粘土状等で水蒸気が通気し難い状態のものである場合は、被処理材料8に通気性改善材料を配合して、通気性を改善すると良い。
【0074】
以上、本発明に係る高温湿熱処理装置についての実施の形態を例示したが、本発明は上記の実施の形態に限定されるものではない。
【0075】
【発明の効果】
請求項1に記載の高温湿熱処理装置は、前記水蒸気による高温湿熱処理で前記被処理材料の容積が減ると、前記蓋部が前記被処理材料の上面に追随して降下するとともに、前記キャップ部が前記内筒の前記被処理材料の上面から突出した部分に覆い被さりながら降下するようにし、前記押え蓋によって前記被処理材料を通過してない水蒸気が前記内筒内の蒸気排出領域に流入しないようにすることができるので、水蒸気を無駄なく効率的に被処理材料に通すことができ、早期かつ均一に高温湿熱処理を施すことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の実施形態に係る高温湿熱処理装置を示す横断面図。
【図2】 本発明の参考例1に係る高温湿熱処理装置を示す横断面図。
【図3】 本発明の参考例2に係る高温湿熱処理装置を示す横断面図。
【図4】 本発明の参考例3に係る高温湿熱処理装置を示す横断面図。
【符号の説明】
1 処理槽
2 処理容器
3 蒸気導入配管
4 蒸気排出配管
8 被処理材料
11 蓋
12 リブ
13 ドレン管
15 圧力計
16 安全弁
17 ドレン管
18 安全装置
21 外筒
22 内筒
23 充填領域
24 蒸気排出領域
25 押え蓋
25a キャップ部
25b 蓋部
26 内筒の接続部
27 蒸気排出配管の接続部
26a 内筒の接続部のフランジ
27a 蒸気排出配管の接続部のフランジ
28 シール部材
31 圧力計
32 手動弁
33 自動弁
34 制御装置
35 センサ(温度センサ)
41 温度センサ
42 自動弁
43 手動弁
44 熱交換器
45 冷却水配管
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention uses steam as a heating means to heat treated materials such as biomass waste and plastics at high temperature and humidity.DoHigh temperature wet heatProcessing equipmentIt is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  Reuse of biomass waste from food-related factories, various brewery factories, agriculture, fisheries, agricultural and marine products-related companies is a request of the times. As for biomass raw materials, it is said that reforming by hydrolysis reaction or oxidation reaction occurs in a short time by performing high-temperature wet heat treatment in which these raw materials are generally heated using steam at 180 ° C. or higher. For example, when a plant-based biomass raw material is taken as an example, saccharification of plant fiber (cellulose) occurs by this treatment. This saccharification-modified product is easily fermented naturally and is effective as a fertilizer or feed.
[0003]
  The same applies to volume reduction and recycling of wastes such as plastics that are chemically synthesized products. Some of them may be hydrolyzed by high-temperature moist heat treatment, in which case they are the original plastic raw materials. Since it can be recovered as a monomer or oligomer of a polymer compound, chemical recycling and thermorecycling are possible.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  As described above, the high-temperature wet heat treatment using water vapor for various waste materials is an extremely effective means for reusing, but there has been no method and apparatus capable of rationally performing this high-temperature wet heat treatment.
[0005]
  A very important point for this high-temperature wet heat treatment with water vapor is to shorten the treatment time. Reducing the processing time is effective in improving productivity and reducing energy costs. Further, when the treatment time is prolonged, decomposition or modification is excessively performed, or a burning odor is generated. In addition, in the high-temperature wet heat treatment that uses water vapor, it is difficult to uniformly heat the material to be treated because the heat of the material to be treated proceeds from the outer layer portion due to the heat transfer action. In other words, the outer layer portion of the material to be processed is likely to be over-decomposed or burnt, and the inner layer portion of the material to be processed may be insufficiently decomposed or modified.
[0006]
  Therefore, the present invention provides a high-temperature wet heat that performs high-temperature wet heat treatment uniformly in a short time.Processing equipmentThe purpose is to provide.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The high-temperature wet heat treatment according to claim 1The apparatus is composed of a treatment tank and a double cylinder of an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, both of which are provided in the treatment tank and whose peripheral surfaces are air permeable. The inner cylinder penetrates the bottom of the center of the outer cylinder And a processing container configured by an airtight wall surface of the inner cylinder exposed to the outside from the bottom surface of the outer cylinder, the upper surface of the inner cylinder, and the bottom of the outer cylinder, and the outer cylinder, The area surrounded by the inner cylinder and filled with the material to be processed, and the steam that is formed inside the inner cylinder and through which the water vapor passed through the material to be processed filled in the material filling area is discharged A presser lid that has a discharge region, a cap portion that covers the upper end of the inner cylinder, and a lid portion that presses an upper surface of the material to be processed, and that presses the material to be processed filled in the material filling region with its own weight from above. And a steam introduction system for introducing steam for heating around the processing vessel in the processing tank. And a steam discharge pipe for continuously discharging water vapor from the steam discharge region, and when the volume of the material to be processed is reduced by the high-temperature wet heat treatment with the water vapor, the lid portion follows the upper surface of the material to be processed. The cap portion is lowered while covering the portion of the inner cylinder protruding from the upper surface of the material to be processed, and the water vapor that has not passed through the material to be processed by the presser lid is It is characterized by not flowing into the steam discharge area in the cylinder.
[0008]
  The treated materials include crushed wood such as building waste and thinned wood, wood chips, large sawdust, crushed waste paper, plant fibers, rice husks, and composite materials in which some of these are blended.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Hereinafter, the present inventionEmbodimentA high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
[0010]
  In FIG. 1 showing this high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus, 1 is a treatment tank as a steam heat treatment tank, 2 is a treatment container filled with a material 8 to be treated, 3 is a steam introduction pipe, and 4 is a steam discharge pipe.
[0011]
  This high-temperature moist heat treatment apparatus places a processing container 2 filled with a material to be processed 8 in a processing tank 1, supplies steam heated to a high temperature and high pressure from a steam introduction pipe 3 to the processing tank 1, and also processes the material to be processed. Water vapor is allowed to pass through 8, and the water vapor that has passed through the material to be treated 8 is continuously discharged through the steam discharge pipe 4. In this way, the steam heated to high temperature and pressure is continuously passed through the material 8 to be processed, so that the material 8 is subjected to high-temperature wet heat treatment at an early stage and uniformly. Hereinafter, this high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus will be described in detail.
[0012]
  As shown in FIG. 1, the processing tank 1 is a container in which a substantially cylindrical container is installed vertically, and a lid 11 that can be opened and closed is attached to the upper surface.
[0013]
  At the bottom of the treatment tank 1, a connection part 27 of the steam discharge pipe 4 and a drain pipe 13 for discharging water accumulated at the bottom of the treatment tank 1 are attached. The connection part 27 of the steam discharge pipe 4 is erected in the middle of the bottom of the treatment tank 1, and is radially between the inner side surface of the bottom part of the treatment tank 1 and the outer side surface of the connection part 27 of the steam discharge pipe 4. It is supported by a rib 12 extending to the surface.
[0014]
  At the top of the treatment tank 1, a pressure gauge 15, a safety valve 16 and a drain pipe 17 are provided, and when the pressure inside the treatment tank 1 exceeds a predetermined pressure, the safety valve 16 is opened to decompress the treatment tank 1. 18 is arranged. A steam introduction pipe 3 is connected to the treatment tank 1 so that high-temperature and high-pressure steam for heating is introduced.
[0015]
  The processing container 2 is a container for filling the material 8 to be processed, and the lid 11 on the upper part of the processing tank 1 is opened, and it is lifted from the upper part of the processing tank 1 by a crane (not shown) and put into and out of the processing tank 1. It has become.
[0016]
  The processing container 2 is constituted by a double cylinder provided with a bottomed cylindrical outer cylinder 21 and an inner cylinder 22 that is fixedly disposed through the bottom at the center of the outer cylinder 21. Both the peripheral surfaces 21a and 22a of the outer cylinder 21 and the inner cylinder 22 are configured by wall surfaces having air permeability. The peripheral surfaces 21a and 22a can be constituted by, for example, a punching metal plate in which a large number of ventilation holes having such a size that the material to be processed 8 does not leak are formed. A bottom surface 21b of the outer cylinder 21, an upper surface 22b of the inner cylinder 22, and a portion 22c of the inner cylinder 22 exposed to the outside of the outer cylinder 21 are constituted by airtight wall surfaces. The area surrounded by the outer cylinder 21 and the inner cylinder 22 of the processing container 2 is a filling area 23 filled with the material to be treated 8, and the area inside the inner cylinder 22 is the material to be treated 8 filled in the filling area 23. It becomes the steam discharge area | region 24 where the water vapor | steam which passed through is discharged | emitted.
[0017]
  On the processing container 2, a presser lid 25 that holds the processing material 8 filled in the filling region 23 with its own weight from above is placed after the processing material 8 is filled. Presser cover 25Inner cylinderCap part 25a covering 22;Material to be processed8 is provided with a lid portion 25b for pressing the upper surface of 8. When the volume of the material to be processed 8 is reduced by the high-temperature wet heat treatment, the lid portion 25b follows the upper surface of the material to be processed 8 and the cap portion 25a protrudes from the upper surface of the material 8 to be processed. It comes to descend while covering. The presser lid 25 prevents water vapor that has not passed through the material to be treated 8 from flowing into the steam discharge region 24 in the inner cylinder 22.
[0018]
  A connection portion 26 for connecting to the connection portion 27 of the steam discharge pipe 4 disposed on the bottom surface of the processing tank 1 is configured at the bottom of the inner cylinder 22 of the processing vessel 2. The connecting portion 26 of the inner cylinder 22 has a pair of structures with the connecting portion 27 of the steam discharge pipe 4, and is configured to be able to exhaust water vapor while ensuring airtightness.
[0019]
  For example, the connecting portion 26 of the inner cylinder 22 and the connecting portion 27 of the steam discharge pipe 4 form flanges 26a and 27a that match each other in a face-to-face state, and seal members 28 are respectively attached to the joint surfaces of the flanges 26a and 27a. It has a mounted structure. When the processing container 2 is accommodated in the processing tank 1, the inner tube 22 of the processing container 2 and the steam discharge are fixed by pressing the connecting portion 26 of the inner tube 22 against the connecting portion 27 of the steam discharge pipe 4. The pipe 4 is connected in a state where airtightness is ensured.
[0020]
  The steam introduction pipe 3 is a pipe for introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam into a treatment tank 1 from a high-temperature and high-pressure steam supply source (not shown), and includes a pressure gauge 31, a manual valve 32, an automatic valve 33, And a control device 34. The pressure gauge 31 is for measuring the pressure of water vapor introduced into the treatment tank 1. The manual valve 32 is for manually adjusting the amount of water vapor introduced. The automatic valve 33 is for automatically adjusting the amount of water vapor introduced during the high-temperature moist heat treatment process. The control device 34 measures the temperature with a sensor (temperature sensor) 35 attached in the processing tank 1, and adjusts the opening amount of the automatic valve 33 so that the temperature in the processing tank 1 becomes a predetermined temperature. . The control device 34 may adjust the supply amount of water vapor based on the temperature in the processing tank 1 as described above. However, a pressure sensor is attached in the processing tank 1 to adjust the pressure in the processing tank 1. The supply amount of water vapor may be adjusted by adjusting the opening amount of the automatic valve 33 so that the pressure becomes a predetermined pressure. Further, the control by temperature and the control by pressure may be used in combination, and the opening amount of the automatic valve 33 may be adjusted based on both the temperature and pressure to adjust the supply amount of water vapor. Note that the steam introduction pipe 3 can diffuse and supply water vapor into the treatment tank 1.
[0021]
  As described above, the steam discharge pipe 4 is provided with the connecting portion 27 connected to the connecting portion 26 of the inner cylinder 22 of the processing vessel 2 in the processing tank 1, and from the connecting portion 27 to the processing tank 1. This is a pipe for continuously discharging water vapor to the outside. A temperature sensor 41, an automatic valve 42, a manual valve 43, and a heat exchanger 44 are attached to the steam discharge pipe 4. The temperature sensor 41 measures the temperature in the steam discharge pipe 4. The automatic valve 42 is for automatically discharging water vapor during the high-temperature wet heat treatment process. The manual valve 43 is for manually adjusting the discharge amount of water vapor. The heat exchanger 44 includes a cooling water pipe 45 through which cooling water flows, and performs heat exchange between the water vapor discharged through the steam discharge pipe 4 and the cooling water flowing through the cooling water pipe 45 to convert the water vapor into water. It is converted and discharged.
[0022]
  Hereinafter, a method of using this high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus will be described.
[0023]
  First, in the material filling step, the lid 11 at the top of the treatment tank 1 is opened, the treatment container 2 is taken out, the material to be treated 8 is filled into the filling region 23 of the treatment container 2, and as shown in FIG. Is returned to the treatment tank 1 and the lid 11 is closed.
[0024]
  Next, the process proceeds to a high-temperature wet heat treatment step. In the high-temperature moist heat treatment step, high-temperature and high-pressure heating steam is introduced into the treatment tank 1 from the steam introduction pipe 3, and the steam is discharged from the steam discharge pipe 4, so that the temperature of the steam in the treatment tank 1 is a predetermined heating temperature. The control device 34 adjusts the supply amount of water vapor so that
[0025]
  At this time, the pressure in the treatment tank 1 into which high-temperature and high-pressure steam is introduced is higher than that in the steam discharge pipe 4. Due to this differential pressure, the water vapor in the processing tank 1 passes from the outside of the processing vessel through the material to be processed 8 filled in the filling region 23 between the outer cylinder 21 and the inner cylinder 22 in the processing vessel 2, The steam is discharged to the steam discharge region 24 inside the cylinder 22, flows from the steam discharge region 24 to the steam discharge pipe 4, and is discharged to the outside through the steam discharge pipe 4. That is, the flow path of water vapor introduced from the steam introduction pipe 3 and passing through the material 8 to be treated from the outer peripheral side of the filling region 23 of the processing container 2 and discharged to the steam discharge pipe 4 on the inner peripheral side of the filling region 23. The water vapor for heating continuously passes through the material to be treated 8. As a result, the entire material to be treated 8 filled in the filling region 23 of the processing container 2 is subjected to early and uniform high-temperature wet heat treatment.
[0026]
  Further, the temperature sensor 35 attached to the treatment tank 1 and the temperature sensor 41 attached to the steam discharge pipe 4 can compare and measure the temperature of water vapor in the treatment tank 1 and the temperature of water vapor in the steam discharge pipe 4, respectively. . If the temperature of the water vapor in the treatment tank 1 and the temperature of the water vapor in the vapor discharge pipe 4 become substantially the same temperature, the thermal energy of the water vapor does not decrease when passing through the material 8 to be treated. The material 8 is uniformly heated to a predetermined temperature. Therefore, since the temperature of the water vapor in the treatment tank 1 and the temperature of the water vapor in the steam discharge pipe 4 reach substantially the same temperature, the high-temperature moist heat state can be confirmed, so that appropriate high-temperature chamber heat treatment can be performed.
[0027]
  According to this apparatus, the material to be processed 8 can be subjected to high-temperature wet heat treatment early and uniformly.
[0028]
  As described above, the present inventionEmbodimentIn the case where the material 8 to be treated is in a state where it is difficult for water vapor to flow, such as clay or fine powder, an air permeability improving material is added to the material 8 to be treated. The air permeability of the material to be treated 8 should be improved. The air permeability improving material includes, for example, large sawdust and a granular material made of the same material as the material to be processed. By blending the material to be treated 8 with an air permeability improving material, water vapor easily passes through the material to be treated 8, and the material to be treated 8 can be subjected to early and uniform high-temperature chamber heat treatment.
[0029]
  Next, the present inventionReference example 1A high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described.
[0030]
  In FIG. 2 showing this high-temperature moist heat treatment apparatus, 51 is a treatment tank as a steam heat treatment tank, 52 is a treatment container as a molding die, 53 is a steam introduction pipe, and 54 is a steam discharge pipe.
[0031]
  As shown in FIG. 3, the processing tank 51 is a container in which a substantially cylindrical container is installed vertically, and a lid 61 that can be opened and closed is attached to the upper surface. The processing tank 51 has a mounting portion 62 for mounting the processing container 52 at a predetermined height. Steam that is heated to a high temperature and high pressure from a steam introduction pipe 53 is supplied to a region above the placement part 62 of the treatment tank 51, and a steam discharge pipe 54 is provided at the bottom of the treatment tank 51. A steam inlet 63 is provided. In addition, a pressure gauge 65, a safety valve 66, and a drain pipe 67 are provided in the upper part of the processing tank 51, and when the pressure in the processing tank 51 exceeds a predetermined pressure, the safety valve 66 is opened to decompress the processing tank 51. A safety device 68 is provided.
[0032]
  The processing container 52 is a container for filling the material to be processed 8, and is placed on the placement unit 62 in the processing tank 51. The processing container 52 is configured such that the upper cover 61 of the processing tank 51 is opened and the processing tank 51 is lifted from the upper part of the processing tank 51 by a crane (not shown) and taken into and out of the processing tank 51.
[0033]
  The bottom surface of the processing container 52 is a partition plate 69 having air permeability. The placement portion 62 of the treatment tank 51 on which the treatment container 52 is placed is a disk-shaped member having an opening 62a formed at the center, and is disposed at a predetermined height in the treatment tank 51. When the processing container 52 is placed on the placement part 62 of the processing tank 51, the processing tank 51 is vertically divided by the placing part 62 of the processing tank 51 and the partition plate 69 of the processing container 52. The region above the partition plate 69 of the processing container 52 is a filling region 52a of the material 8 to be processed, and the region below the placement portion 62 of the processing tank 51 of the processing tank 1 and the partition plate 69 of the processing container 52 is Thus, the steam discharge area 51a is obtained.
[0034]
  The steam introduction pipe 53 is a pipe for introducing high temperature / high pressure steam into the treatment tank 51 from a high temperature / high pressure steam supply source (not shown),EmbodimentSimilarly to the steam introduction pipe 3, a pressure gauge 71, a manual valve 72, an automatic valve 73, a control device 74, and a sensor (temperature sensor) 75 are provided. The function of the steam introduction pipe 53 isEmbodimentSince it is the same as the steam introduction pipe 3 of FIG.
[0035]
  As described above, the steam discharge pipe 54 is provided with the steam inlet 63 at the bottom of the processing tank 51, and a pipe for discharging steam from the steam inlet 63 to the outside of the processing tank 51 is provided. In the steam discharge pipe 54,EmbodimentAs with the steam discharge pipe 4, a temperature sensor 81, an automatic valve 82, a manual valve 83, a heat exchanger 84, and a cooling water pipe 85 are attached. The function of the steam discharge pipe 54 isEmbodimentSince this is the same as the steam discharge pipe 4, redundant description is omitted. In this embodiment, a drain pipe 86 for discharging water accumulated at the bottom of the processing tank 51 is attached to the steam discharge pipe 54.
[0036]
  Hereinafter, a method of using this high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus will be described.
[0037]
  First, in the material filling step, the lid 61 at the top of the processing tank 51 is opened and the processing container 52 is taken out. Then, the processing material 52 is filled in the processing container 52, and the processing container 52 is returned to the processing tank 51 and the lid 61 is closed as shown in FIG.
[0038]
  Next, the process proceeds to a high-temperature wet heat treatment step. In the high-temperature wet heat treatment process,EmbodimentIn the same way as in the high-temperature moist heat treatment apparatus, steam for high-temperature and high-pressure heating is introduced into the treatment tank 1 from the steam introduction pipe 53, and water vapor is discharged from the steam discharge pipe 54. The control device 74 adjusts the supply amount of water vapor so as to reach a predetermined heating temperature.
[0039]
  At this time, the pressure in the treatment tank 51 into which high-temperature and high-pressure steam is introduced is higher than that in the steam discharge pipe 54. Due to this differential pressure, the water vapor in the processing tank 1 passes from the upper side of the processing vessel 52 through the material to be processed 8 filled in the processing vessel 52 and is discharged to the vapor discharge region 51a on the lower side of the processing vessel 52. Then, the steam flows from the steam discharge area 51a to the steam discharge pipe 54 and is discharged to the outside through the steam discharge pipe 54. That is, the flow of water vapor that is introduced from the steam introduction pipe 53 and passes through the material to be treated 8 filled in the processing container 52 and is discharged from the steam discharge region 51a on the lower side of the processing container 52 to the steam discharge pipe 54. A path is formed, and steam for heating passes through the material 8 to be treated continuously. As a result, the entire material to be processed 8 filled in the processing container 52 is subjected to high-temperature wet heat treatment at an early stage and uniformly.
[0040]
  Also,EmbodimentAs in the high-temperature moist heat treatment apparatus, the temperature sensor 75 attached to the treatment tank 51 and the temperature sensor 81 attached to the steam discharge pipe 54 respectively change the temperature of the water vapor in the treatment tank 51 and the temperature of the water vapor in the steam discharge pipe 54. Comparative measurements can be made. If the temperature of the water vapor in the treatment tank 51 and the temperature of the water vapor in the steam discharge pipe 54 become substantially the same temperature, the thermal energy of the water vapor does not decrease when passing through the material 8 to be treated. The material 8 is uniformly heated to a predetermined temperature.
[0041]
  According to this apparatus, the material to be treated can be subjected to high-temperature wet heat treatment early and uniformly.
[0042]
  As described above, the present inventionReference example 1The high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus related toEmbodimentAs in the case of the high-temperature moist heat treatment apparatus, when the material to be treated 8 is in a state where water vapor such as clay is difficult to be ventilated, an air permeability improving material is blended in the material to be treated 8, and It is better to improve the air permeability.
[0043]
  Next, the present inventionReference example 2A high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described.
[0044]
  In FIG. 3 showing this high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus, 101 is a treatment tank as a steam heat treatment tank, 103 is a steam introduction pipe, and 104 is a steam discharge pipe.
[0045]
  As shown in FIG. 3, the processing tank 101 is a container in which a substantially cylindrical container is installed vertically, and lids 111 and 112 that can be opened and closed are attached to the upper part and the bottom part, respectively. On the inner surface of the bottom lid 112, a partition plate 113 having air permeability is disposed. In the state where the bottom lid 112 is closed, the upper side of the partition plate 113 becomes the filling region 114 in which the material 8 is filled, and the lower side of the partition plate 113 becomes the steam discharge region 115. This high-temperature moist heat treatment apparatus has no treatment container and has a lid on the top of the treatment tank 101.111And the processing material 8 is directly filled in the processing tank 101.
[0046]
  A steam inlet 116 of the steam discharge pipe 104 is provided at the bottom of the processing tank 101, and a pressure gauge 117, a safety valve 118, and a drain pipe 119 are provided at the top of the processing tank 101, and the inside of the processing tank 101 has a predetermined pressure. A safety device 120 that opens the safety valve 118 and depressurizes the processing tank 101 when the above is reached is provided.
[0047]
  The steam introduction pipe 103 is a pipe for introducing high temperature / high pressure steam into the treatment tank 101 from a high temperature / high pressure steam supply source (not shown),EmbodimentAs with the steam introduction pipe 3, a pressure gauge 121, a manual valve 122, an automatic valve 123, a control device 124, and a sensor (temperature sensor) 125 are provided. Steam introduction piping103The function ofEmbodimentSince this is the same as the steam introduction pipe 103 of FIG.
[0048]
  As described above, the steam discharge pipe 104 is provided with the water vapor inlet 116 at the bottom of the processing tank 101, and a pipe for discharging water vapor from the water vapor inlet 116 to the outside of the processing tank 101 is provided. In the steam exhaust pipe 104,EmbodimentSimilarly to the steam discharge pipe 4, a temperature sensor 131, an automatic valve 132, a manual valve 133, a heat exchanger 134, and a cooling water pipe 135 are attached. The function of the steam exhaust pipe 104 isEmbodimentSince this is the same as the steam discharge pipe 4, redundant description is omitted. Further, in this embodiment, the bottom of the processing tank 101 is a lid 112, which is openable and closable, so that the steam discharge pipe 104 does not hinder the opening and closing of the lid 112. A portion 104a connected to the lid 112 is a bellows-shaped deformable pipe.
[0049]
  Hereinafter, a method of using this high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus will be described.
[0050]
  First, in the material filling step, the lid 111 on the upper part of the processing tank 101 is opened, and as shown in FIG. 3, the processing tank 101 is filled with the material to be processed 8 to a predetermined height and the lid 111 is closed.
[0051]
  Next, the process proceeds to a high-temperature wet heat treatment step. In the high-temperature wet heat treatment process,EmbodimentAs in the high-temperature moist heat treatment apparatus, steam heated to high temperature and high pressure is introduced into the treatment tank 101 from the steam introduction pipe 103, and water vapor is discharged from the steam discharge pipe 104 so that the temperature of the water vapor in the treatment tank 101 is predetermined. The control device 124 adjusts the supply amount of water vapor so that the heating temperature is as follows.
[0052]
  At this time, the pressure in the upper region of the treatment tank 101 into which the high-temperature and high-pressure steam is introduced is higher than that in the steam discharge pipe 104. Due to this differential pressure, the water vapor in the processing tank 101 passes through the material to be processed 8 filled in the processing tank 101, and the steam discharge area on the lower side of the processing tank 101115And discharged to the outside through the steam discharge pipe 104. That is, the flow of water vapor that is introduced from the steam introduction pipe 103 and passes through the material to be treated 8 filled in the treatment tank 101 and discharged from the vapor discharge region 115 on the lower side of the treatment tank 101 to the vapor discharge pipe 104. A path is formed, and steam for heating passes through the material 8 to be treated continuously. As a result, the entire material to be processed 8 filled in the processing tank 101 is subjected to high-temperature wet heat treatment at an early stage and uniformly.
[0053]
  Also,EmbodimentAs in the high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus, the temperature sensor 125 attached to the treatment tank 101 and the temperature sensor 131 attached to the steam discharge pipe 104 respectively change the temperature of water vapor in the treatment tank 101 and the temperature of water vapor in the steam discharge pipe 104. Comparative measurements can be made. If the temperature of the water vapor in the treatment tank 101 and the temperature of the water vapor in the vapor discharge pipe 104 are substantially the same, the thermal energy of the water vapor does not decrease when passing through the material 8 to be treated. The material 8 is uniformly heated to a predetermined temperature.
[0054]
  The material 8 to be processed can be taken out from the lower side of the processing bath 101 by opening the lid 112 on the lower side of the processing bath 101 after the high-temperature wet heat treatment is completed.
[0055]
  According to this apparatus, the material to be treated can be subjected to high-temperature wet heat treatment early and uniformly.
[0056]
  As described above, the present inventionReference example 2The high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus related toEmbodimentAs in the case of the high-temperature moist heat treatment apparatus, when the material to be treated 8 is in the form of clay or the like and is in a state in which water vapor is difficult to pass, good.
[0057]
  Next, the present inventionReference example 3A high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described.
[0058]
  In FIG. 4 showing this high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus, 151 is a treatment tank as a steam heat treatment tank, 152 is a treatment container filled with the material 8 to be treated, 153 is a steam introduction pipe, and 154 is a steam discharge pipe.
[0059]
  As shown in FIG. 1, the processing tank 151 is a container in which a substantially cylindrical container is installed horizontally, and a lid 161 that can be opened and closed is attached to the left side surface in the figure, and a roller in the longitudinal direction is attached to the bottom of the processing tank 151. A rail 163 with 162 is provided. The rail 163 mounts the processing container 152, and makes it easy to move the processing container 152 along the rail 163 and put it in and out from the left side surface of the processing tank 151 in the drawing.
[0060]
  In the processing tank 151, a spray pipe 164 having a number of spray holes 164 a formed in the longitudinal direction extends in the longitudinal direction of the processing tank 151 outside the region in which the processing container 152 is accommodated.
[0061]
  A pressure gauge 165 and a safety valve 166 are provided above the processing tank 151, and a safety device 167 that opens the safety valve 166 and depressurizes the processing tank 151 when the processing tank 151 reaches a predetermined pressure or more is disposed. ing. In addition, a drain pipe 168 is installed in the lower part of the processing tank 151 so that water accumulated in the lower part of the processing tank 151 is discharged. Further, a connection part 174 of the steam discharge pipe 154 is installed on the right side surface of the processing tank 151.
[0062]
  Next, the processing container 152 is a molding die for performing the consolidation fixing process of the material 8 to be processed, and is placed on the rail 163 of the processing tank 151 and can be taken in and out from the left side surface of the processing tank 151. It is in a state.
[0063]
  A partition plate 171 having air permeability is disposed at a predetermined height from the bottom surface of the processing container 152.
[0064]
  The upper area of the partition plate 171 is a filling area for filling the material 8 to be processed, and the lower space of the partition plate 171 is a water vapor discharge channel 172. A connection portion 173 for connecting to the steam discharge pipe 154 is provided on the right side surface of the discharge channel 172 in the drawing. The connection portion 173 of the discharge flow path 172 has a pair of structures with the connection portion 174 of the steam discharge pipe 154, and is configured to be able to exhaust water vapor while ensuring airtightness.
[0065]
  For example, the connection portion 173 of the discharge flow path 172 and the connection portion 174 of the steam discharge pipe 154 form flanges 173a and 174a that match each other in a face-to-face state, and seal members 175 are formed on the joint surfaces of the flanges 173a and 174a, respectively. The processing container 152 is moved to the right side in the figure along the rail 163 of the processing tank 151, and the processing container 152 is pressed against the connection part 174 of the discharge channel 172 against the connection part 174 of the steam discharge pipe 154. By fixing 152, it is possible to connect the discharge flow path 172 and the steam discharge pipe 154 of the processing container 152 in a state where airtightness is ensured.
[0066]
  The steam introduction pipe 153 is a pipe for introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam into the treatment tank 151 from a supply source (not shown) of high-temperature and high-pressure steam,EmbodimentAs with the steam introduction pipe 3, a pressure gauge 181, a manual valve 182, an automatic valve 183, and a control device 184 are provided. The function of the steam inlet pipe 153 isEmbodimentSince it is the same as the steam introduction pipe 3 of FIG.
[0067]
  As described above, the steam discharge pipe 154 is provided with the connection portion 174 connected to the connection portion 173 of the discharge flow path 172 of the processing container 152 in the processing tank 151, and from the connection portion 174 to the processing tank. This is a pipe for discharging water vapor to the outside of 151. In the steam discharge pipe 154,EmbodimentSimilarly to the steam discharge pipe 4, a temperature sensor 191, an automatic valve 192, a manual valve 193, and a heat exchanger 194 are attached. The function of the steam discharge pipe 154 isEmbodimentSince this is the same as the steam discharge pipe 4, redundant description is omitted.
[0068]
  Hereinafter, a method of using this high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus will be described.
[0069]
  First, in the material filling step, the lid 161 on the left side of the processing tank 151 is opened, the processing container 152 is taken out, the processing container 152 is filled with the material 8 to be processed, and the processing container 152 is placed in the processing tank 151 as shown in FIG. Return to, and close the lid 161.
[0070]
  Next, the process proceeds to a high-temperature wet heat treatment step. In the high-temperature moist heat treatment process, steam for heating and heating at a high temperature and high pressure is introduced from the steam introduction pipe 153, and the steam is discharged from the steam discharge pipe 154 so that the temperature in the processing tank 151 becomes a predetermined heating temperature. The apparatus 184 adjusts the amount of water vapor introduced from the steam introduction pipe 153 and the amount of water vapor discharged from the steam discharge pipe 154.
[0071]
  At this time, the pressure in the treatment tank 151 into which high-temperature and high-pressure steam is introduced is higher than that in the steam discharge pipe 154. Due to this differential pressure, the water vapor in the processing tank 151 passes through the material 8 to be processed in the processing container 152, flows out into the discharge channel 172 of the processing container 152, and is discharged to the outside through the steam discharge pipe 154. Become so. That is, a flow path for water vapor introduced from the steam introduction pipe 153, passing through the material to be treated 8 and discharged from the steam discharge pipe 154 is formed, and the water vapor continuously passes through the material to be treated 8. The entire material 8 to be processed in the processing container 152 is heated to the softening temperature early and uniformly.
[0072]
  Further, the temperature sensor 185 attached to the treatment tank 151 and the temperature sensor 191 attached to the steam discharge pipe 154 can compare and measure the temperature in the treatment tank 151 and the temperature in the steam discharge pipe 154, respectively. If the temperature in the treatment tank 151 and the temperature in the steam discharge pipe 154 become substantially the same temperature, the thermal energy of the water vapor does not decrease when passing through the treatment material 8, so that the treatment material 8 is uniform. It was heated to the softening temperature.
[0073]
  As described above, the present inventionReference example 3The high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus related toEmbodimentAs in the case of the high-temperature moist heat treatment apparatus, when the material to be treated 8 is in the form of clay or the like and is in a state in which water vapor is difficult to pass, good.
[0074]
  As described above, high-temperature wet heat according to the present inventionProcessing equipmentAbout the embodimentIllustratedHowever, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
[0075]
【The invention's effect】
  The high-temperature wet heat treatment according to claim 1When the volume of the material to be treated is reduced by the high-temperature wet heat treatment with the water vapor, the apparatus follows the upper surface of the material to be treated, and the cap part is the material to be treated of the inner cylinder. The water vapor that does not pass through the material to be treated by the presser lid can be prevented from flowing into the vapor discharge region in the inner cylinder. Can be efficiently passed through the material to be processed without waste, and high-temperature wet heat treatment can be performed early and uniformly.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 of the present inventionEmbodimentThe cross-sectional view which shows the high-temperature-humidity heat processing apparatus which concerns on.
FIG. 2 of the present inventionReference example 1The cross-sectional view which shows the high-temperature-humidity heat processing apparatus which concerns on.
FIG. 3 of the present inventionReference example 2The cross-sectional view which shows the high-temperature-humidity heat processing apparatus which concerns on.
FIG. 4 of the present inventionReference example 3The cross-sectional view which shows the high-temperature-humidity heat processing apparatus which concerns on.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 treatment tank
2 processing container
3 Steam introduction piping
4 Steam exhaust piping
8 Material to be treated
11 lid
12 ribs
13 Drain pipe
15 Pressure gauge
16 Safety valve
17 Drain pipe
18 Safety devices
21 outer cylinder
22 inner cylinder
23 Filling area
24 Steam discharge area
25 Presser lid
25a Cap part
25b Lid
26 Inner tube connection
27 Steam exhaust piping connection
26a Flange of inner cylinder connection
27a Flange at the connection of the steam discharge pipe
28 Seal material
31 Pressure gauge
32 Manual valve
33 Automatic valve
34 Control unit
35 sensor (temperature sensor)
41 Temperature sensor
42 Automatic valve
43 Manual valve
44 heat exchanger
45 Cooling water piping

Claims (1)

処理槽と、前記処理槽内に設けられ、周面が共に通気性を有する外筒と内筒の2重筒で構成され、前記内筒は前記外筒の中心部に底部を貫通して固定的に配設され、前記外筒の底面、前記内筒の上面及び前記外筒の底部から外部に露出した内筒部分を気密性の壁面で構成した処理容器と、前記外筒と内筒で囲まれた領域であって被処理材料を充填する材料充填領域と、前記内筒の内側に形成され、前記材料充填領域に充填された被処理材料を通過した水蒸気が排出される蒸気排出領域と、前記内筒の上端に覆い被さるキャップ部と、前記被処理材料の上面を押える蓋部とを有し、前記材料充填領域に充填した前記被処理材料を上から自重で押える押え蓋と、前記処理槽内の前記処理容器の周囲に加熱用の水蒸気を導入する蒸気導入配管と、前記蒸気排出領域から水蒸気を連続的に排出する蒸気排出配管とを備え、前記水蒸気による高温湿熱処理で前記被処理材料の容積が減ると、前記蓋部が前記被処理材料の上面に追随して降下するとともに、前記キャップ部が前記内筒の前記被処理材料の上面から突出した部分に覆い被さりながら降下するようにし、前記押え蓋によって前記被処理材料を通過してない水蒸気が前記内筒内の蒸気排出領域に流入しないようにしたことを特徴とする高温湿熱処理装置。A treatment tank and a double cylinder of an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, both of which are provided in the treatment tank and whose peripheral surfaces are air permeable, are fixed to the center of the outer cylinder through the bottom. A processing vessel comprising an airtight wall surface of an outer cylinder exposed from the bottom surface of the outer cylinder, the upper surface of the inner cylinder and the bottom of the outer cylinder, and the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. A material-filled region that is surrounded and filled with a material to be treated; and a steam discharge region that is formed inside the inner cylinder and that discharges water vapor that has passed through the material to be treated filled in the material-filled region; A cap portion covering the upper end of the inner cylinder; and a lid portion for pressing the upper surface of the material to be processed; and a presser lid for pressing the material to be processed filled in the material filling region from above with its own weight; and a steam introduction pipe for introducing steam for heating the periphery of the processing chamber in the processing bath, prior to And a steam discharge pipe for continuously discharging the steam from the steam discharge region, the the volume of the material to be treated is reduced at high temperature wet heat treatment by the steam, drop the lid following the upper surface of the material to be treated In addition, the cap portion falls while covering the portion of the inner cylinder protruding from the upper surface of the material to be processed, and water vapor that has not passed through the material to be processed by the presser lid is contained in the inner cylinder. A high-temperature wet heat treatment apparatus characterized in that it does not flow into the steam discharge area .
JP2001252890A 2001-08-23 2001-08-23 High-temperature wet heat treatment equipment Expired - Fee Related JP5005138B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001252890A JP5005138B2 (en) 2001-08-23 2001-08-23 High-temperature wet heat treatment equipment

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001252890A JP5005138B2 (en) 2001-08-23 2001-08-23 High-temperature wet heat treatment equipment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2003062445A JP2003062445A (en) 2003-03-04
JP5005138B2 true JP5005138B2 (en) 2012-08-22

Family

ID=19081294

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2001252890A Expired - Fee Related JP5005138B2 (en) 2001-08-23 2001-08-23 High-temperature wet heat treatment equipment

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP5005138B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6676555B2 (en) * 2017-01-18 2020-04-08 日鉄日新製鋼株式会社 Method and apparatus for producing black plated steel sheet

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05228936A (en) * 1991-12-25 1993-09-07 Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd Treating method and regenerating method for coated plastic molded body
JP3541269B2 (en) * 1997-01-24 2004-07-07 日立造船株式会社 Waste plastic composite processing equipment
JP2001079843A (en) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-27 Tadano Ltd Method for reducing volume of foamed styrol and device therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2003062445A (en) 2003-03-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20180162762A1 (en) Method for ultra-dehydrating thickened or pasty biomass products, and equipment for implementing the method
GB2392677A (en) A method for preparing a homogenous cellulosic product from cellulosic waste materials
IS2510B (en) Method for conversion of polyolefinic waste into hydrocarbons and processing lines to carry out the process
JP5005138B2 (en) High-temperature wet heat treatment equipment
CN107739221A (en) A kind of garbage compost apparatus and system of intelligent and high-efficiency deodorization
CN109704529A (en) A kind of sludge hot hydrolysis device
CN107245435A (en) A kind of apparatus and method of the difficult biochemical biochemical coupling methane phase of organic solid waste pyrolysis
CN113634210B (en) Microwave hydrothermal treatment device and method for organic wastes
CN110467486A (en) A kind of automation integrated composting device
CN106277661A (en) A kind of method that mud dry distilling becomes charcoal
US8328991B2 (en) Thermal conversion of organic matter into usable by-products
JPH0438476B2 (en)
CN207709005U (en) A kind of coral powder hydrogenation system under hydrogen circulation
KR20220047900A (en) Utilization of Livestock Excreta Using Solid Fueling System
CN206351046U (en) A kind of sterilizing equipment decontaminating apparatus pair reactors
CN206124075U (en) Polypropylene foaming bead production is with holding material jar
DK2020580T3 (en) Process for reprocessing of silage
CN206428134U (en) A kind of roller fermentation tank for heat pump auxiliary sludge organism anhydration system
TWI745698B (en) Waste conversion device and operation method thereof
CN207130189U (en) A kind of environmental protection and energy saving Urotropine mother liquid automatic circulating system
CN212390375U (en) Garbage heating reaction furnace
CN210765047U (en) Fermentation device for producing organic fertilizer
RU2098481C1 (en) Domestic methane tank
CN112808168B (en) Composite heating hydrothermal reaction device and composite heating method thereof
CN215886849U (en) Kitchen waste treatment system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20080410

RD04 Notification of resignation of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424

Effective date: 20091111

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20110614

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20110808

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20120508

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20120523

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20150601

Year of fee payment: 3

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 5005138

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees