JP4995476B2 - Cultivation method to improve sugar content of solanaceous plants - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a cultivation method for improving the sugar content of a solanaceous plant, and particularly to a cultivation method for improving the sugar content of a solanaceous plant that is irradiated with light of a specific wavelength.

  In recent years, in order to improve the productivity of plants, cultivation methods in which plants are irradiated using artificial light have been tried. For example, in the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, a long-day plant is continuously irradiated with far-red light having an emission wavelength of 700 to 800 nm so as to be equal to or higher than a predetermined photon flux density in a time zone in which sunlight is not irradiated. This promotes the flowering of long-day plants and the growth of plant height. In the method disclosed in Patent Document 2, the nutrient component content of a plant is adjusted by adjusting the intensity of blue light, red light, and far red light contained in a light source that irradiates the plant.

In addition, in the method disclosed in Patent Document 3, the edible part of the plant is increased by irradiating the growing plant with far-red light having an emission wavelength of 700 to 760 nm. In the method disclosed in Patent Document 4, after the first cropping process of flowering, fruiting, and harvesting is completed, the dormancy breaker is sprayed on the grapes grown in the greenhouse without heating. And supplemented with artificial light to achieve the second phase of the year.
JP 2005-95132 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-205777 JP 08-275681 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-155395

  However, the cultivation methods described in these patent documents focus on improving the productivity of plants, and have the disadvantage that they cannot be applied to the production of plant quality, particularly high-sugar plant fruits.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a method for cultivating a solanaceous plant having a fruit having a high sugar content.

Cultivation method for improving the sugar content of the Solanaceae according to the present invention, compared Solanaceae, between hours 1 to 3 from sunset, a specific wavelength is irradiated with light containing far-red light longer than 750nm following 720nm It is characterized by that.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor first investigated the environmental conditions of Hamamatsu City and Hokkaido Yoichi Town, which produces high-quality tomatoes in Japan, and the morning and evening light in Yoichi Town is red. It turns out that it contains a lot of light. Accordingly, the inventors of the present application paid attention to this red light and further investigated and studied the influence of the wavelength range, irradiation timing, and irradiation time on the fruit sugar content of solanaceous plants. As a result, the eggplant family is irradiated with light containing at least one of red light having a specific wavelength of 600 to 700 nm and far red light having a specific wavelength of 700 to 750 nm from sunset (that is, supplemented). The present inventors have found that the sugar content of plant fruits can be improved and have completed the present invention.

  Here, red light having a specific wavelength of 600 to 700 nm is light that contributes to photosynthesis of solanaceous plants higher than light of other wavelengths. Further, far-red light having a specific wavelength of 700 to 750 nm is light that acts on germination and morphology of plant seeds. Therefore, it is considered that by complementing with light of these specific wavelengths, solanaceous plants can efficiently carry out photosynthesis and produce fruits with a high sugar content. Moreover, it is thought that performing the irradiation for 1 to 3 hours from sunset can accumulate the photosynthesis product of a solanaceous plant in a fruit effectively, and can obtain the fruit of higher sugar content.

  Here, “sunset” means the moment when the upper side of the sun touches the horizon (that is, the horizon).

In the cultivation method for improving the sugar content of a solanaceous plant according to the present invention, the solanaceous plant is preferably a tomato. In this case, a high sugar content tomato fruit is obtained.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the cultivation method of the solanaceous plant which has a fruit of high sugar content can be provided.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present embodiment, a case where the solanaceous plant is a tomato will be described.

  Drawing 1 is a lineblock diagram showing the cultivation device using the cultivation method of the solanaceous plant concerning an embodiment. The cultivation apparatus 1 shown in this figure includes a cultivation room 12 that forms a space for housing tomatoes 10, an irradiation light source 16 installed in the cultivation room 12, a sensor 14 that detects sunlight, and a control unit. 18.

  The cultivation room 12 is a room for cultivating the tomato 10 in a state where light from the outside such as sunlight is transmitted, and is composed of, for example, transparent vinyl or glass having light permeability.

  The irradiation light source 16 emits artificial light including at least one of red light having a specific wavelength of 600 to 700 nm and far red light having a specific wavelength of 700 to 750 nm. As the irradiation light source 16, a semiconductor laser or a light emitting diode (LED) having excellent monochromaticity and light emission rate is used. For example, the irradiation light source 16 is composed of an LED that emits red light with a specific wavelength of 600 to 700 nm and an LED that emits far red light with a specific wavelength of 700 to 750 nm. Emits the light.

  It is preferable that a plurality of such irradiation light sources 16 are arranged so that each of the tomatoes 10 is irradiated sufficiently uniformly. Therefore, the irradiation light source 16 is not limited to the upper direction of the tomato 10 as shown in FIG. 1, and the tomato 10 is irradiated in the horizontal direction or below so as to uniformly irradiate the entire tomato 10 and not to block sunlight. It may be provided in a direction or the like. Moreover, when installing the irradiation light source 16, in order to prevent the high temperature failure of the tomato 10 resulting from the irradiation light source 16, it is necessary to adjust the distance of the tomato 10 and the irradiation light source 16 suitably.

  The sensor 14 is set to detect, for example, sunlight incident on the cultivation room 12 and transmit the detected detection signal to the control unit 18. In this embodiment, although the sensor 14 is arrange | positioned inside the cultivation room 12, it is the exterior of the cultivation room 12, Comprising: You may install in the place which hits sunlight.

  The control unit 18 analyzes the detection signal transmitted from the sensor 14 and determines whether it is sunset based on the analysis result. When it is determined that it is sunset, a control signal is transmitted to the irradiation light source 16 to turn on the irradiation light source 16 continuously or intermittently for a predetermined time.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the control part 18 is set so that the irradiation intensity and irradiation time of the light emitted from the irradiation light source 16 may be changed, for example. In this case, the irradiation intensity and irradiation time of light can be adjusted according to the variety of tomato, cultivation conditions, growth conditions, etc., and it becomes possible to produce the fruit of tomato 10 having a stable high sugar content.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the entire process of the tomato cultivation method according to the present embodiment. Hereinafter, the cultivation method of the tomato 10 which concerns on this embodiment according to FIG. 2 is demonstrated.

  The cultivation method of the tomato which concerns on this embodiment irradiates the light which contains at least any one of the red light of specific wavelength 600-700 nm and the far-red light of specific wavelength 700-750 nm for 1-3 hours from the sunset per day. It is a characteristic, and other irrigation, fertilization, etc. are performed under the same conditions as the cultivation method of tomatoes in a normal greenhouse.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the sensor 14 detects sunlight that has been incident on the cultivation room 12 at all times, and transmits the detected detection signal to the control unit 18 (step S <b> 20). For example, the control unit 18 analyzes the change in the intensity of sunlight in the detection signal transmitted from the sensor 14, and determines whether it is sunset based on the analysis result (step S21). And when it is judged that it is sunset, the control part 18 transmits a control signal to the irradiation light source 16, and at least any one of the red light of specific wavelength 600-700 nm and the far-red light of specific wavelength 700-750 nm The irradiation light source 16 is turned on so as to continuously output artificial light including the above for 1 to 3 hours (step S22).

According to the present embodiment, red light having a specific wavelength of 600 to 700 nm and far red light having a specific wavelength of 700 to 750 nm are more effective in contributing to the photosynthesis of solanaceous plants and photosynthesis products than light of other wavelengths. Since it is light that is highly effective to accumulate in fruits, tomato 10 can efficiently perform photosynthesis by irradiating light of these specific wavelengths for 1 to 3 hours from sunset, and fruits with high sugar content Is obtained. Moreover, the cultivation method which concerns on this embodiment can anticipate the effect which increases the yield of a fruit compared with a normal cultivation method.
[Example]

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2]
(Example 1)
First, tomato seedlings (variety: House Momotaro) were subjected to red light supplementation with a specific wavelength of 680 nm under fully controlled cultivation conditions using artificial light as shown in FIG. Specifically, after turning off the main light source, the tomato seedlings were irradiated with red light having a specific wavelength of 680 nm under the supplementary conditions shown in FIG. The total light intensity shown in FIG. 4 is the intensity of light emitted from the main light source. In Example 1, the light intensity of the red light supplement was 20 to 30 μmol · m ⁻² · s ^−1, which was about 1/20 of the illumination light in terms of the photosynthetic effective radiant flux PPF.

(Example 2)
For tomato seedlings of the same varieties as in Example 1, supplementing with a fluorescent lamp was performed under the same cultivation conditions and supplementary conditions as in Example 1 (see FIGS. 3 to 5).
(Comparative Example 1)
Targeting tomato seedlings of the same variety as in Example 1, supplementing with blue light having a specific wavelength of 465 nm was performed under the same cultivation conditions and supplementary conditions as in Example 1 (see FIGS. 3 to 5).
(Comparative Example 2)
For tomato seedlings of the same varieties as in Example 1, no supplemental light was performed under the same cultivation conditions as in Example 1 (see FIGS. 3 to 5).

  The tomato 1 fruits of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were harvested in order from the one that reached the best harvest time, and the Brix (%) sugar content meter (Takemura Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. The sugar content was measured using a total of TN-1α).

  As a result, in the case of Example 1 (red light supplementation), the tomato fruit having the highest sugar content has been obtained. In the case of Example 1 and Example 2 (fluorescent lamp supplementation including red light), Compared to the cases of Comparative Example 1 (blue light supplement) and Comparative Example 2 (non-complementary light), the average sugar content of the harvested fruits was high, and the percentage of fruits having a sugar content of 9 degrees or more was 50% or more. (See FIGS. 6 and 7).

  From these results, it was demonstrated that single red light or light containing red light is effective in obtaining tomato fruits having a high sugar content.

[Example 3 and Comparative Example 3]
In addition, for 10 tomato seedlings (variety: Reika), supplemented with far-red light (using far-red LEDs) with a specific wavelength of 735 nm under the same cultivation conditions and supplementary conditions as in Example 1 above (Examples) 3) and non-complementary light (Comparative Example 3) were performed, and the sugar content of the tomato fruit harvested in the same manner as in Example 1 was measured.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, in the case of Example 3 (complementary light by far-red light), it was confirmed that the average sugar content of the harvested fruits was higher than that of Comparative Example 3 (non-complementary light). did it. Further, the ratio of the fruit having a sugar content of 9 or more was about 18% in Example 3, whereas it was 0 in Comparative Example 3 (see FIG. 9). As a result, in the case of supplementing with far-red light, it was proved that it was effective in improving the sugar content of tomato fruits as in the case of red supplementing light.

[Example 4 and Comparative Example 4]
Moreover, Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 were performed in order to investigate the influence of red light supplementation on the yield of tomato fruits.

  First, tomato seedlings (variety: Reika) with 7 or 8 true leaves developed are planted in a cultivation bed in an unheated glass greenhouse in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture until mid-August. Irrigation and fertilizer were performed appropriately and cultivation management was performed. In order to prevent the temperature in the greenhouse from rising excessively, a black chill was placed on the upper part of the greenhouse during the day of fine weather. For this reason, the light intensity of sunlight during the day was lower than usual, regardless of midsummer cultivation.

Example 4
The above 10 tomato plants were irradiated for 1 hour from sunset from late April to mid-August using red light with a specific wavelength of 680. The irradiation light source was attached to the top of the tomato, and the light intensity was about 10 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ .
(Comparative Example 4)
No supplementary light was applied to the above 10 tomato strains.

  The tomato fruits of Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 were harvested sequentially from those that had reached the appropriate harvest time, and the individual weight of the fruits was investigated.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 10, in the case of Example 4 (red light supplemented light), both the individual weight of fruit and the yield per strain increased compared to the case of Comparative Example 4 (non-complementary light supplemented). It was seen. Thereby, it was confirmed that red light supplementation has an effect of increasing the yield of tomato fruit.

It is a block diagram which shows the cultivation apparatus using the cultivation method of the solanaceous plant concerning embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the whole process of the cultivation method of the tomato which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows the light source of Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples 1, 2. It is a figure which shows the cultivation conditions of a tomato. It is a figure which shows the light supplement conditions of a tomato. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of each supplementary light, non-complementary light, and the average sugar content of a tomato fruit. It is a figure which shows the relationship between each supplementary light, non-complementary light, and sugar content distribution of a tomato fruit. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the far-red light supplementary light, non-complementary light, and the average sugar content of a tomato fruit. It is a figure which shows the relationship between far-red light supplementation, non-complementary light, and sugar content distribution of a tomato fruit. It is a figure which shows the relationship between red light supplementary light, non-complementary light, tomato individual weight, and the harvest amount per strain | stump | stock.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cultivation apparatus, 10 ... Tomato, 12 ... Cultivation room, 14 ... Sensor, 16 ... Irradiation light source, 18 ... Control part.

Claims (2)

To Solanaceae, cultivation method for improving inter hours 1-3 sunset, a specific wavelength is irradiated with light containing long 750nm following far-red light from 720 nm, the sugar content of Solanaceae, wherein .   The cultivation method for improving the sugar content of a solanaceous plant according to claim 1, wherein the solanaceous plant is a tomato.

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