JP4993013B2 - Disc recording medium, recording method, recording apparatus, reproducing method, and reproducing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a disk recording medium such as an optical disk, a disk manufacturing method for manufacturing the disk recording medium, a disk drive device for the disk recording medium, and a playback method, and in particular, a disk with tracks wobbled as a pregroove. It is about.

As a technique for recording / reproducing digital data, optical disks (including magneto-optical disks) such as CD (Compact Disk), MD (Mini-Disk), and DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) are used as recording media. There is data recording technology. An optical disk is a generic term for recording media that irradiate laser light onto a disk in which a thin metal plate is protected with plastic, and read signals by changes in reflected light.
The optical disc includes, for example, a read-only type as known as CD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, MD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD + RW, DVD -There is a type in which user data can be recorded as known in RAM and the like. In the recordable type, data can be recorded by using a magneto-optical recording method, a phase change recording method, a dye film change recording method, or the like. The dye film change recording method is also called a write-once recording method, and can be recorded only once and cannot be rewritten. On the other hand, the magneto-optical recording method and the phase change recording method can rewrite data and are used for various purposes such as recording of various content data such as music, video, games, application programs and the like.

In order to record data on a recordable disc such as a magneto-optical recording method, a dye film change recording method, a phase change recording method, etc., a guide means for tracking the data track is required. Grooves (grooves) are formed in advance as pregrooves, and the grooves or lands (cross-section plateau-like portions sandwiched between the grooves and the grooves) are used as data tracks.
Further, it is necessary to record address information so that data can be recorded at a predetermined position on the data track, but this address information may be recorded by wobbling (meandering) the groove.

That is, a track for recording data is formed in advance as a pregroup, for example, and the side wall of this pregroup is wobbled corresponding to the address information.
In this way, the address can be read from the wobbling information obtained as reflected light information at the time of recording and reproduction. Data can be recorded and reproduced.
By adding address information as a wobbling groove in this way, for example, it becomes unnecessary to provide an address area discretely on a track and record an address as, for example, pit data. Recording capacity can be increased.
The absolute time (address) information expressed by such a wobbling groove is called ATIP (Absolute Time In Pregroove) or ADIP (Adress In Pregroove).

By the way, especially for a rewritable disc, there is a circumstance that it is desired to ship after recording various kinds of information as information at the time of shipment on the producer side. (Information at the time of shipment: pre-recorded information written in advance before shipping the disc)
As the shipping information, it is desired to record disk information indicating recording conditions on the disk, for example, a recording linear velocity and a recommended value of laser power, and system information for excluding hacked equipment.
These pieces of shipping information are required to have high reliability, a certain amount of data, and not tampered with.

The reason why high reliability is required is that, for example, unless the disc information is accurately obtained as shipping information, the optimum recording condition cannot be obtained by the user side device.
When recording content data, it is conceivable to encrypt the data from the viewpoint of copyright protection, but if the key used for encryption cannot be obtained accurately from the system information, the encrypted data is decrypted. This is because the content cannot be used and the encryption at the time of recording the content data cannot be performed.
For these reasons, disk information and system information recorded as shipping information are required to have higher reliability than user data to be recorded and reproduced.

Further, the shipping information has a certain amount of data due to the following circumstances.
For example, when updating the master key of the system when hacked and considering the model unit of the system (product) as the exclusion unit, in order to update the master key, the master key must be set for each unit. A certain amount of information is required as a bundle of key information for identification. For this reason, the system information is information having a relatively large data size.
Also, considering the possibility of defects (scratches and dirt) on the disc, it is necessary from the above point of view that the information at the time of shipment can be read accurately. For this reason, the disc information and system information are multiplexed and written. (Same data is recorded multiple times). Naturally, the amount of data as shipping information has to be large.

  Regarding falsification prevention, for example, system information such as for excluding a device hacked as described above is meaningless unless falsification is prevented. If tampering is not firmly prevented, it cannot function as system information.

  Regarding the shipping time information as the pre-recorded information, it is considered that these conditions must be satisfied, and a suitable recording method as the shipping time information is required.

As a method for prerecording shipping information on a disc, it is known to form embossed pits on the disc.
However, in consideration of high-density recording / reproducing on an optical disc, the pre-recording method using embossed pits is inconvenient.
In the case of recording / reproducing with high density on an optical disc, it is necessary to reduce the depth of the groove. In a disc in which grooves and embossed pits are produced simultaneously by a stamper, it is very difficult to make the depths of the grooves and embossed pits different. For this reason, the depth of the embossed pits must be the same as the depth of the grooves.
However, when the depth of the emboss pit becomes shallow, there is a problem that a signal with good quality cannot be obtained from the emboss pit.

For example, a laser diode with a wavelength of 405 nm and an objective lens with NA = 0.85 are used as an optical system, and a track pitch is 0.32 μm and a linear density is 0.12 μm / bit on a disk with a cover (substrate) thickness of 0.1 mm. By recording and reproducing the phase change mark (phase change mark), it is possible to record and reproduce a capacity of 23 GB (gigabytes) on an optical disk having a diameter of 12 cm.
In this case, the phase change mark is recorded / reproduced on a groove formed in a spiral shape on the disc. However, in order to suppress media noise for higher density, the groove depth is about 20 nm, that is, Λ / 13 to λ / 12 is preferable for the wavelength λ.
On the other hand, in order to obtain a good quality embossed pit signal, the depth of the embossed pit is preferably λ / 8 to λ / 4. Was not obtained.
Under such circumstances, a method for pre-recording shipping information in place of embossed pits has been demanded.

  In view of these circumstances, the present invention provides a novel disk recording medium using a prerecording method suitable for increasing the capacity and improving the recording / reproducing performance as a disk recording medium, and a disk manufacturing method for manufacturing the same, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a disk drive device and a playback method.

For this reason, the disc recording medium of the present invention includes a recording / reproduction area in which user data can be recorded / reproduced by a rewritable or additionally writable recording method and pre-address information recorded by groove wobbling can be reproduced, and a groove And a read-only area in which pre-recorded information recorded by wobbling can be reproduced, and the user data is recorded using the first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure The user data has a recording unit of 498 frames, in which frames as run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after 496 frames, and the 496 frames are 31 frames with frame numbers 0 to 30. Is divided into 16 units, and each of the above 496 frames The head places the frame sync, the above-mentioned run-shall place a different second frame sync from the first frame sync and first frame sync besides beginning.

The recording method of the present invention includes a recording / reproduction area in which user data can be recorded / reproduced by a rewritable or additionally writable recording method and pre-address information recorded by groove wobbling, and recording can be performed by groove wobbling. The pre-recorded information can be reproduced, and the user data is recorded using the first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure, The user data has a recording unit of 498 frames in which frames for run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after 496 frames, and the 496 frames are 16 units with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as units. Each frame of the 496 frames is divided into Place the tank, the said run-to the disk recording medium to place a different second frame sync from the first frame sync and first frame sync in non-initial recording method for recording data When recording the user data in the recording / reproducing area with respect to a recording apparatus provided with head means for performing recording / reproducing by irradiating the track formed by the groove with the laser, the first modulation method is used. In addition, a frame as a run-in and run-out for linking is added before and after 496 frames with respect to a track formed by the groove, and a recording unit is 498 frames. The frame is divided into 16 frames with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30, and the above 496 frames. At the beginning of each frame of, placing the frame sync, the above-mentioned run-and to execute recording to place different second frame sync and first frame sync and first frame sync besides beginning.

The recording apparatus of the present invention includes a recording / reproduction area in which user data can be recorded and reproduced by a rewritable or additionally writable recording method and pre-address information recorded by groove wobbling, and recording can be performed by groove wobbling. The pre-recorded information can be reproduced, and the user data is recorded using the first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure, The user data has a recording unit of 498 frames in which frames for run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after 496 frames, and the 496 frames are 16 units with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as units. Each frame of the 496 frames is divided into Place the tank, the said run-to the disk recording medium to place a different second frame sync from the first frame sync and first frame sync in other than the head, in recording apparatus for recording data A head means for performing recording and reproduction by irradiating the track formed by the groove with a laser; a wobbling extraction means for extracting a signal related to wobbling of the track from the reflected light signal; and reproduction of the recording and reproduction area. Pre-address information demodulating means for demodulating the wobbling-related signal extracted by the wobbling extracting means, and the wobbling-related signal extracted by the wobbling extracting means at the time of reproduction of the reproduction-only area. Pre-recorded information demodulating means for performing demodulation; When recording the user data in the recording / reproducing area, recording is performed using the first modulation method, and as a run-in and run-out for linking before and after 496 frames with respect to the track formed by the groove. 498 frames are added as recording units, and the 496 frames are divided into 16 frames with 31 frames having frame numbers 0 to 30 as a unit, and a frame sync is placed at the head of each frame of the 496 frames. In the run-in, frames as link-in run-in and run-out are added before and after 496 frames with respect to the track formed by the groove that arranges two different frame syncs other than the head. The recording unit is 498 frames. The frame number 0 to 30 is divided into 16 units, and a frame sync is arranged at the head of each frame of the 496 frames, and the first frame sync and the first frame other than the head are arranged in the run-in . Control means for controlling the head means so as to arrange a second frame sync different from the frame sync.

The reproduction method of the present invention comprises a recording / reproduction area in which user data can be recorded / reproduced by a rewritable or additionally writable recording method and pre-address information recorded by groove wobbling can be reproduced, and recorded by groove wobbling. The pre-recorded information can be reproduced, and the user data is recorded using the first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure, The user data has a recording unit of 498 frames in which frames for run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after 496 frames, and the 496 frames are 16 units with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as units. Each frame of the 496 frames is divided into Place the tank, the above-mentioned run-as reproduction method for a disk recording medium to place a different second frame sync from the first frame sync and first frame sync in addition the top at the time of reproduction of the recording area A signal relating to the wobbling of the track and a signal relating to the user data are extracted from the reflected light signal when the laser irradiation is performed on the track formed by the groove, and the extracted signal relating to the wobbling is extracted. Demodulates and decodes pre-address information, and demodulates the extracted signal related to the user data with respect to the first modulation method and error correction processing for the first error correction block using the error correction code To reproduce the user data.

The reproducing apparatus of the present invention is capable of recording / reproducing user data in a rewritable or additionally writable recording method and recording / reproducing area in which pre-address information recorded by groove wobbling can be reproduced, and recording by groove wobbling. The pre-recorded information can be reproduced, and the user data is recorded using the first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure, The user data has a recording unit of 498 frames in which frames for run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after 496 frames, and the 496 frames are 16 units with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as units. Each frame of the 496 frames is divided into Place the tank, the above-mentioned run-as playback method for a playback apparatus for playing a disc recording medium to place a different second frame sync from the first frame sync and first frame sync in other than the head, said groove Head means for irradiating a track formed by laser to obtain a reflected light signal, wobbling extracting means for extracting a signal related to wobbling of the track from the reflected light signal, and relating to the user data from the reflected light signal User data signal extracting means for extracting a signal, pre-address information demodulating means for demodulating the wobbling-related signal extracted by the wobbling extracting means during reproduction of the recording / reproducing area, and reproduction of the recording / reproducing area Is extracted by the user data extraction means User data demodulating means for demodulating the signal related to the user data with respect to the first modulation method, and pre-demodulating the signal related to the wobbling extracted by the wobbling extracting means at the time of reproduction of the reproduction-only area Recorded information demodulating means, and at the time of reproduction of the recording / reproducing area, from a reflected light signal when laser irradiation is performed on a track formed by the groove, a signal related to the wobbling of the track, and the user data A signal is extracted, the pre-address information is decoded by demodulating the extracted signal related to the wobbling, and the demodulation of the first modulation scheme is performed on the extracted signal related to the user data, and the error correction code The first error correction block by The user data is reproduced by performing error correction processing on the lock.

As understood from the above description, according to the present invention, as the first data, the second data, and the third data, as the user data while using the optimum recording method, modulation method, and recording density, respectively. In addition to realizing a write-once or rewritable disc capable of recording a large capacity of the first data, it is possible to appropriately record shipping information as third data.
That is, there is an effect that the third data, that is, information at the time of shipment as pre-recorded information can be recorded as information that has an appropriate data capacity and cannot be tampered with while maintaining high reliability.
Further, in the case of the disk according to the present invention, the influence on the device / circuit to be used is small on the disk drive apparatus side, the configuration can be simplified, and the cost is not greatly increased.

More specifically, the following effects can be mentioned.
The same error correction code is used for the first data and the third data. For this reason, the third data and the first data can use the same hardware for the ECC processing, and the cost reduction and the simplification of the configuration of the disk drive device can be promoted.
In addition, the first data has the first error correction block structure, and the third data has the second error correction block structure. It can be a correction block structure.
In particular, the recording density of the third data is made lower than the recording density of the first data, and the number of correction codes in the first error correction block is a multiple of m, so that the second error correction is performed. The number of correction codes in the block is n / m of the number of correction codes in the first error correction block, and the number of data in the second error correction block is n of the number of data in the first error correction block. By setting it to / m, it is possible to make the error correction block convenient for each of the first and third data with an appropriate error correction block structure.

The first error correction block includes a first frame structure, a first sub-block structure including a first correction code (for example, LDC), and a second frame including a second correction code (for example, BIS). The second error correction block includes a second frame structure, a third sub-block structure including the first correction code (LDC), and the second correction code (BIS). ), A suitable error correction block is realized for each of the first data and the third data using the same error correction code. it can.
Particularly in this case, the recording density of the third data is set to be lower than the recording density of the first data, and the number of codes of the first correction code constituting the first sub-block is a multiple of m. The number of codes of the first correction code constituting the third sub-block is set to n / m of the number of codes of the correction code of the first sub-block, and the second correction code constituting the second sub-block 1 is a multiple of p, and the code number of the second correction code constituting the fourth sub-block is q / p of the code number of the correction code of the second sub-block. An appropriate error correction block structure can be set for each of the third data, which can be convenient for error correction processing.
In these cases, “m” is optimally a power of “2”, and “n” is optimally “1”.

The reproduction-only area is an area in which the third data is recorded by groove wobbling. For this reason, it is not necessary to record the third data by the embossed pits. And since it is not necessary to form an emboss pit, the depth of a groove can be made shallow. That is, without considering the reproduction characteristics of the emboss pits, the groove depth can be set to an optimum state for high-density recording, and can be appropriate for high-density recording.
On the disk drive side, the third data can be reproduced (extracted from the wobble information) in the reproduction system of the same wobble channel as the second data (ADIP address information).

Further, the recording density of the third data by the wobbling groove is made lower than the recording density of the first data, so that even a wobbling signal that is disadvantageous in terms of SNR can be reproduced with high quality.
The third data is recorded by biphase modulation such as FM code modulation. As a result, the signal band can be narrowed and the SNR can be improved. Further, both the PLL and the detection circuit can be configured with simple hardware.
Alternatively, even when the third data has the same modulation method as the first data, the demodulation system circuit configuration can be shared, and the simplification of the disk drive device can be promoted.
The third data includes address information. As a result, the disk drive device can appropriately perform the access / reproduction operation based on the address in the reproduction-only area.

It is explanatory drawing of the groove of the disk of embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the area structure of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the wobbling system of the groove of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the ECC block and data frame structure of the phase change mark of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the ECC block structure of the phase change mark of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the frame structure of RUB of the phase change mark of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the modulation system of ADIP information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the address block with respect to RUB of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the sync part of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the sync bit pattern of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the data part of the disc of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the ADIP bit pattern of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the ECC structure of ADIP information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the modulation system of the prerecorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the ECC block and data frame structure of the prerecorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the ECC block structure of the pre-recorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the frame structure of the cluster of the prerecorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the frame structure of the cluster of the prerecorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the data sequence conversion of the LDC subblock of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the data sequence conversion of the LDC subblock of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the data sequence conversion of the LDC subblock of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the BIS subblock structure of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the data sequence conversion of the BIS subblock of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the data sequence conversion of the BIS subblock of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the data sequence conversion of the BIS subblock of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the frame structure by the data of the LDC subblock and BIS subblock of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the ECC block and data frame structure of the prerecorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the frame structure of the cluster of the prerecorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the frame structure of the cluster of the prerecorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the frame sync of the pre-recorded information of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the frame sync arrangement | positioning of the prerecorded information of embodiment. 1 is a block diagram of a disk drive device according to an embodiment. It is a block diagram of a wobble circuit of the disk drive device of the embodiment. It is a block diagram of the cutting apparatus which manufactures the disk of embodiment.

Hereinafter, an optical disk as an embodiment of the present invention will be described, and a disk drive device (recording / reproducing apparatus) and a manufacturing method corresponding to the optical disk will be described in the following order.
The optical disc of this embodiment belongs to the category of discs recently developed, for example, called DVR (Data & Video Recording).
1. 1. Outline of the present invention in an embodiment corresponding to a DVR disk 2. Physical characteristics of the disc 3. ECC block structure of user data 4. ADIP address Pre-recorded information (shipment information)
6). 6. Disk drive device Disc manufacturing method 8. Modified example

1. Summary of the Present Invention in Embodiments Corresponding to DVR Discs First, correspondence relations between words according to the present invention (claims) and words used for explanation as embodiments corresponding to a DVR system will be shown. Of course, the meaning of the words in each claim of the present invention is not limited to the meaning of the corresponding words in the embodiments.

First data: User data (main data that is the main target of recording / playback and recorded by phase change marks)
Second data: ADIP (pre-address information recorded by the wobbling groove in the recording / reproducing area)
Third data: Shipping information (pre-recorded information recorded by the wobbling groove in the read-only area)
First modulation scheme: RLL (1, 7) PP scheme Second modulation scheme: MSK modulation scheme Third modulation scheme: biphase modulation scheme Correction code: LDC (Long Distance Code) and BIS (burst indicating subcode)
First correction code: LDC
Second correction code: BIS
Error correction block: ECC block using LDC and BIS First and third sub-blocks: LDC sub-block Second and fourth sub-blocks: BIS sub-block

A data block of data (user data) based on a phase change mark in DVR is composed of actual data, that is, a sub-block of user data and a sub-block of additional / control information (user control data) for user data. Address information in the data other than the pre-address information as ADIP is also included as this additional / control information.
As will be described in detail later, an error correction code required for each sub-block is used to ensure the error correction capability of the entire data block.
That is, an LDC sub-block is configured by LDC as an error correction code for user data, and a BIS sub-block is configured by BIS as an error correction code for user control data.
The data frame is composed of data from the LDC sub-block and the BIS sub-block.
Here, since it is not desirable that the data of the same frame is carried on the same error correction code, the number of data in the frame is equal to or more than the interleave number of each error correction code, that is, the sum of the number of codes. Reduce the number of data.

Similarly, the data block of the shipping information includes a sub-block consisting of pre-recorded data as actual data as shipping information and a sub-block consisting of pre-recorded control data consisting of additional / control information for shipping information. Constitute.
In order to ensure the error correction capability of the entire data block, an error correction code necessary for each sub-block is used. That is, in this example, an LDC sub-block is configured by LDC as an error correction code for pre-recorded data as actual shipping information, and a BIS sub-block by BIS as an error correction code for pre-recorded control data. A block is constructed.
In the shipping information block, the data frame is composed of data from the LDC sub-block and the BIS sub-block, and the number of data in the frame is approximately equal to the number of interleaves of each error correction code, that is, the sum of the number of codes. The number of data is less than that.

  That is, the error correction code of the sub-block of actual data as user data and pre-recorded data is the same (LDC), and the error correction code of the sub-block of additional / control information as user control data and pre-recorded control data is Same (BIS).

In this method, a sub-block consisting of actual data in a block of user data is composed of m error correction codes (LDCs).
When the recording density of pre-recorded data as shipping information is reduced, the user data and pre-recorded data blocks are made different in size. A block is composed of n / m error correction codes (LDC).
In this case, it is desirable that the number of valid data in the sub-blocks composed of actual data in the user data block is a multiple of a power of 2 (for example, 2048 bytes).
In addition, it is desirable that the number of valid data in sub-blocks made up of actual data in the pre-recorded data block which is shipping time information is also a multiple of a power of 2 (eg, 2048 bytes).
When EDC or the like is added, it may not be a power of 2. However, the number of effective data in a sub-block consisting of actual data in one block of user data and a sub-block consisting of actual data in one block at shipping information In order for both the effective data numbers to be multiples of the effective data numbers of powers of 2, the above m must be a power of 2.
Further, if the number of valid data in one block of user data and the number of valid data in one block at shipping information are both powers of 2, that is, n = 1, data access is facilitated.

A sub-block consisting of additional / control information in a block of user data is composed of p error correction codes (BIS).
When changing the block size of user data and shipping information as the recording density of shipping information is reduced, q / p error correction of sub-blocks consisting of additional / control information in the shipping information block It consists of a code (BIS).
Since these are additional / control information for data, p does not need to be a power of 2 and does not need to be q = 1.

Since the read-only area in which the shipping information is recorded is preliminarily formed with a stamper, address information can be recorded simultaneously as data in the shipping information. Then, the disk drive device can be accessed using the address information.
A sync pattern and sync ID are provided in a part of the frame of the shipping information, and an address unit number is provided in a part of the certain frame.
That is, in the DVR system, a sync pattern and a sync ID are provided in a part of the data corresponding to the sub-block consisting of actual data in the shipping information frame, and the additional / control information in the shipping information frame is used. An address unit number is provided in a part of data corresponding to the sub-block.
Since pre-address data (ADIP) is pre-recorded in the recording / playback area where user data is recorded, it can be accessed with a minimum sync pattern, but the sync pattern, sync ID, and address unit number can be set. There is no problem even if it is provided.

For user data, a linking frame called run-in / run-out is required before and after a cluster serving as a rewrite unit for linking. The run-in includes an APC operation area for laser power control, a PLL pull-in VFO pattern, a sync pull-in sync pattern, and a GAP area with the previous cluster. The runout is a postamble pattern, a GAP area, or the like.
However, since recording is not performed in the read-only area where the shipping information is recorded, the APC area, GAP, and the like are not necessary. In addition, since a data string including synchronization information and address information is continuously formed by a stamper, a PLL pull-in VFO pattern is unnecessary, and frame synchronization, synchronization by frame number, and address synchronization can be performed without run-in. You can hang it.
In addition, since the subsequent cluster starts immediately, the data sequence is continuous, and no postamble is required, that is, no run-out is required. be able to.

2. Physical Characteristics of Disc Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be specifically described.
First, physical characteristics and a wobbling track in the disk according to the embodiment will be described.

The optical disk of this example belongs to the category of recently developed disks called, for example, DVR (Data & Video Recording), and particularly has a new wobbling system as the DVR system.
The optical disc of this example is an optical disc that records data by the phase change method, and the disc size is 120 mm in diameter. The disc thickness is 1.2 mm. In other words, these are the same as CD (Compact Disc) type discs and DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) type discs in terms of external appearance.

The laser wavelength for recording / reproducing is 405 nm, and so-called blue laser is used. The NA of the optical system is 0.85.
The track pitch of the track on which the phase change mark (phase change mark) is recorded is 0.32 μm and the linear density is 0.12 μm.
The user data capacity is about 23 GB.

Data recording is a groove recording system. That is, a track by a groove (groove) is formed in advance on the disk, and recording is performed on this groove.
As schematically shown in FIG. 1A, on the disk, a groove GV is formed in a spiral shape from the innermost circumference side to the outermost circumference side. As another example, the grooves GV can be formed concentrically.
The disk is driven to rotate by the CLV (constant linear velocity) method to record and reproduce data, but the groove GV is also set to CLV. Therefore, the wobbling wave number of the groove per track increases as it goes to the outer periphery side of the disk.

Such a groove GV is formed by wobbling (meandering) as shown in FIG. 1B to express a physical address.
That is, the left and right side walls of the groove GV meander corresponding to a signal generated based on an address or the like.
A land L is formed between the groove GV and the adjacent groove GV, and data is recorded in the groove GV as described above. That is, the groove GV becomes a data track. It is also conceivable to record data on the land L using the land L as a data track, or to use both the groove GV and the land L as data tracks.

FIG. 2 shows the layout (area configuration) of the entire disc.
As an area on the disc, a lead-in zone, a data zone, and a lead-out zone are arranged from the inner peripheral side.
If you look at the area structure related to recording and playback. The inner circumference side of the lead-in zone is a PB zone (reproduction-only area), and the outer circumference side of the lead-in zone to the lead-out zone is an RW zone (recording / reproduction area).

The lead-in zone is located inside a radius of 24 mm. A radius of 22.3 to 23.1 mm is set as a prerecorded data zone.
In the pre-recorded data zone, shipping time information (pre-recorded information) is recorded in advance by wobbling a groove formed in a spiral shape on the disk. This is reproduction-only information that cannot be rewritten, that is, the prerecorded data zone becomes the PB zone (reproduction-only area).

In the lead-in zone, a test write area and a defect management area are provided at a radius of 23.1 to 24 mm.
The test write area is used for test writing when setting recording / playback conditions for phase change marks such as laser power during recording / playback.
The defect management area records and reproduces information for managing defect information on the disc.

A radius of 24.0 to 58.0 mm is a data zone. The data zone is an area where user data is actually recorded and reproduced by phase change marks.
A radius of 58.0 to 58.5 mm is a lead-out zone. The lead-out zone is provided with a defect management area similar to the lead-in zone, and is used as a buffer area so that overrun may occur during seek.
A radius of 23.1 mm, that is, from the test write area to the lead-out zone is an RW zone (recording / reproducing area) where the phase change mark is recorded / reproduced.

  FIG. 3 shows the tracks in the RW zone and the PB zone. 3A shows groove wobbling in the RW zone, and FIG. 3B shows groove wobbling in the PB zone.

In the RW zone, address information (ADIP) is previously formed by wobbling a groove formed in a spiral shape on the disk for tracking.
Information is recorded / reproduced by a phase change mark in the groove in which the address information is formed.
As shown in FIG. 3A, a groove in the RW zone, that is, a groove track on which ADIP address information is formed has a track pitch TP = 0.32 μm.
A recording mark by a phase change mark is recorded on this track, but the phase change mark is an RLL (1, 7) PP modulation method (RLL: Run Length Limited, PP: Parity preserve / Prohibit rmtr (repeated minimum transition runlength)). ) And the like are recorded at a linear density of 0.12 μm / bit and 0.08 μm / ch bit.
If the 1ch bit is 1T, the mark length is 2T to 8T, and the shortest mark length is 2T.
The address information has a wobbling period of 69T and a wobbling amplitude WA of about 20 nm (pp).

The address information and the phase change mark are configured so that their frequency bands do not overlap with each other, thereby preventing each detection from being affected.
The CNR (carrier noise ratio) of address information wobbling is 30 dB after recording when the bandwidth is 30 KHz, and the address error rate is 1 × 10 − including the effect of movement (disk skew, defocus, disturbance, etc.). 3 or less.

On the other hand, the track by the groove in the PB zone of FIG. 3B has a wider track pitch and a larger wobbling amplitude than the track by the groove of the RW zone of FIG.
That is, the track pitch TP = 0.35 μm, the wobbling period is 36 T, and the wobbling amplitude WA is approximately 40 nm (pp). A wobbling period of 36T means that the recording linear density of pre-recorded information is higher than the recording linear density of ADIP information. Further, since the phase change mark is 2T at the shortest, the recording linear density of the prerecorded information is lower than the recording linear density of the phase change mark.
No phase change mark is recorded on this PB zone track.

  The wobbling waveform is formed in a sine wave shape in the RW zone, but can be recorded in a sine wave shape or a rectangular wave shape in the PB zone.

If the signal quality is about 50 dB CNR when the bandwidth is 30 KHz, the phase change mark can be recorded / reproduced with ECC (error correction code) added to the data so that the symbol error rate after error correction is 1 × 10 −16 or less It is known that it can be used for data recording and reproduction.
The wobble CNR for the ADIP address information is 35 dB when the phase change mark is not recorded when the bandwidth is 30 KHz.
As address information, this level of signal quality is sufficient by performing interpolation protection based on so-called continuity discrimination, etc., but for pre-recorded information recorded in the PB zone, CNR 50 dB or more equivalent to the phase change mark I want to ensure the signal quality. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, in the PB zone, a groove physically different from the groove in the RW zone is formed.

First, by widening the track pitch, crosstalk from the adjacent track can be suppressed, and CNR can be improved by +6 dB by doubling the wobble amplitude.
Furthermore, CNR can be improved by +2 dB by using a rectangular wave as a wobble waveform.
In addition, the CNR is 43 dB.
The difference between the wobble recording bands of the phase change mark and the prerecorded data zone is wobble 18T (18T is half of 36T); phase change mark 2T, and 9.5 dB is obtained in this respect.
Therefore, the CNR as prerecorded information is equivalent to 52.5 dB, and even if -2 dB is estimated as crosstalk from the adjacent track, it is equivalent to CNR 50.5 dB. That is, the signal quality is substantially the same as that of the phase change mark, and it is sufficiently appropriate to use the wobbling signal for recording / reproducing prerecorded information.

3. ECC block structure of user data An ECC block structure of user data recorded by a phase change mark in the RW zone (recording / reproducing area) will be described with reference to FIG.

  The data block of user data is composed of 32 sectors. This data block is composed of a sub-block based on user data and a sub-block based on user control data.

As shown in FIG. 4, the sub-block based on user data is 64 Kbytes, that is, a unit of 2048 bytes × 32 sectors.
An EDC (error detection code) of 4 bytes per sector is added to this data unit to form a data frame of 2052 bytes × 32 sectors.
Further, it is scrambled into a scrambled data frame.
Reed-Solomon encoding is performed to form a data block of 216 rows (rows) × 304 columns (colum). Furthermore, 32 rows of parity are added to form an LDC (Long Distance Code) sub-block. LDC is a correction code having a large inter-code distance. The LDC sub-block is an RS (248, 216, 33) × 304 block.
An LDC cluster (496 rows × 152 columns) is configured from the LDC sub-blocks.

FIGS. 5A and 5B show the state of encoding from the sub-block to the LDC sub-block by user data.
The user data 64 KB shown in FIG. 5A is ECC encoded as shown in FIG. That is, the main data adds 4B EDC (error detection code) for one sector 2048B, and encodes LDC for 32 sectors. LDC is an RS (reed solomon) code of RS (248, 216, 33), code length 248, data 216, and distance 33. There are 304 code words.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, a sub-block based on user control data is a unit of 32 units of 18 bytes each. The address unit number is a unit of 16 addresses of 9 bytes each.
These 720 bytes are a unit of encoding.
That is, the 720 bytes are Reed-Solomon encoded to form an access block of 30 rows × 24 columns.
Then, 32 rows of parity are added to this to constitute a BIS (burst indicating subcode) sub-block. BIS is a subcode for indicating the position of a burst error on the optical disc.
The BIS sub-block is an RS (62, 30, 33) × 24 block. A BIS cluster (496 rows × 3 columns) is constructed from the BIS sub-blocks.

FIGS. 5C and 5D show the state of encoding from 720 bytes as user control data and address unit number to the BIS sub-block.
That is, the BIS sub-block is ECC-encoded as shown in FIG. 5D with respect to the 720B data shown in FIG. That is, the RS (62, 30, 33), code length 62, data 30, and distance 33 RS (reed solomon) code. There are 24 codewords.

As shown in FIG. 4, the LDC cluster and the BIS cluster, which are recording / reproducing units, are each composed of 496 (rows) data frames, and one frame is 152 bytes for the LDC cluster and 3 bytes for the BIS cluster.
Accordingly, one frame as a data frame is 152 + 3 = 155 bytes. As shown in the figure, a 155-byte data frame is configured by alternately arranging 38-byte LDC and 1-byte BIS.
The 496 rows of this 155-byte data frame, that is, 496 frames are ECC blocks.

  Each data frame is subjected to RLL (1, 7) PP modulation, and dcc (a bit for making DC free) and a frame sync are added at that time to form a recording frame. In this case, the data modulated from the data frame is divided so that the first group is 25 bits and the remaining 27 groups are 45 bits, and 1-bit dcc is inserted after each group, and the head 20 A bit frame sync is inserted into a recording frame of 1288 bits (converted to 1932 channel bits by RLL (1, 7) PP modulation). (In RLL (1, 7) PP modulation, 2 data bits are converted into 3 channel bits.)

Such a recording frame has a data structure recorded on a track in the RW zone of the disc.
The recording density is considered to be about 0.08 μm per channel bit of RLL (1, 7) PP modulation in DVR.

The BIS uses a code having a much better correction capability than the LDC code, and almost all are corrected. That is, a code having a distance of 33 with respect to the code length 62 is used.
Therefore, the BIS symbol in which an error is detected can be used as follows.
When decoding ECC, BIS is decoded first. In the data frame structure of FIG. 4, when two adjacent BISs (or frame syncs) are in error, the data 38B sandwiched between them is regarded as a burst error. An error pointer is added to each data 38B. The LDC uses this error pointer to correct the pointer erasure.
As a result, the correction capability can be improved as compared with correction using only LDC.
The BIS includes address information and the like. This address is used when there is no address information by a wobbling groove in a ROM type disk or the like.

FIG. 6 shows a frame structure in cluster units.
As described above, an 155-byte data frame (1932 channel bit recording frame) is composed of 496 rows, that is, 496 frames, to form an ECC block. Frames as run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after these 496 frames, and 498 frames form a cluster as a recording unit block (RUB).

  As described above, 16 addresses are added as the address unit number, but the portion of the 496 frame LDC cluster excluding run-in and run-out is divided into 16 units with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as a unit. Then, 16 addresses (address unit numbers 0 to 15) are assigned to each.

4). ADIP Address Next, an ADIP address recorded as a wobbling groove in the RW zone will be described.
FIG. 7 shows a method using MSK (minimum shift keying) modulation, which is one of FSK modulation, as a method for modulating an ADIP address in which a groove is wobbled.

The detection length of data is in units of 2 wobble sections. Note that one wobble section is one period section of wobble with a carrier frequency.
As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, data such as addresses is differentially encoded in units of one wobble before recording.
In other words, in the pre-coded data after differential encoding before recording, one wobble period of rising and falling edges of data “1” is “1”.
In the MSK stream obtained by MSK modulating such precode data, as shown in FIG. 7C, when the precode data is “0”, the carrier is cosωt or −cosωt, and the precode data is “1”. Then, it becomes cos1.5ωt or −cos1.5ωt which is 1.5 times the frequency of the carrier.
As shown in the figure, the carrier period is 69 ch if the 1 channel bit length of phase change data to be recorded / reproduced is 1 ch.

One data bit of ADIP using MSK modulation corresponds to 56 wobble periods, and one wobble period corresponds to 69 channel bits of RLL (1, 7) PP modulation used for user data as described in FIG. Equivalent to.
Accordingly, the recording density of ADIP data bits is 1/2576 compared to user data of RLL (1, 7) PP modulation.

In the case of this example, one RUB (recording unit block: recording cluster) which is a recording unit of the user data described above includes three addresses as ADIP addresses.
This is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, RUB (recording cluster) is a recording unit as 498 frames obtained by adding run-in and run-out for linking to 496 frames as ECC blocks of data.
In the section corresponding to one RUB as shown in FIG. 8A, ADIP includes three address blocks.
One address block is formed from 83 bits.

FIG. 8B shows the configuration of one address block. The 83-bit address block is composed of an 8-bit sync part (synchronization signal part) and a 75-bit data part.
In the 8 bits of the sync part, 4 units of sync blocks are formed by monotone bits (1 bit) and sync bits (1 bit).
In the 75 bits of the data part, 15 units of ADIP blocks are formed by monotone bits (1 bit) and ADIP bits (4 bits).

The monotone bit, the sync bit, and the ADIP bit are each formed by 56 wobble periods. An MSK mark for bit sync is arranged at the head of these bits.
In the monotone bit, a wobble with a carrier frequency is continuously formed following the MSK mark. Although the sync bit and the ADIP bit will be described later, the sync bit and the ADIP bit are formed with a wobble by an MSK modulation waveform following the MSK mark.

First, the configuration of the sync part will be described with reference to FIG.
As can be seen from FIGS. 9A and 9B, the 8-bit sync part is formed of four sync blocks (sync block “0” “1” “2” “3”). Each sync block is 2 bits.

The sync block “0” is formed by a monotone bit and a sync “0” bit.
The sync block “1” is formed by a monotone bit and a sync “1” bit.
The sync block “2” is formed of a monotone bit and a sync “2” bit.
The sync block “3” is formed by a monotone bit and a sync “3” bit.

In each sync block, a monotone bit is a waveform in which a single frequency wobble representing a carrier is continuous as described above, and this is shown in FIG. In other words, during the 56 wobble period, an MSK mark as a bit sync bs is added to the head, followed by a single frequency wobble.
In FIGS. 10A to 10E, the MSK mark pattern is shown in the lower part of the wobble amplitude.

As described above, there are four types of sync bits from sync “0” bit to sync “3” bit.
Each of these four types of sync bits has a wobble pattern as shown in FIGS. 10B, 10C, 10D, and 10E.

The sync “0” bit in FIG. 10B has a pattern in which there is an MSK mark after 16 wobble sections and an MSK mark after 10 wobble sections following the MSK mark as the bit sync bs.
The sync “1” bit to sync “3” bit are patterns in which the position of the MSK mark is shifted backward by 2 wobble sections.
That is, the sync “1” bit in FIG. 10C has a pattern in which there is an MSK mark after the 18 wobble period, and an MSK mark after the 10 wobble period after the MSK mark as the bit sync bs.
The sync “2” bit in FIG. 10D has a pattern in which the MSK mark as the bit sync bs is followed by the MSK mark after 20 wobble sections and the MSK mark after the 10 wobble sections.
The sync “3” bit in FIG. 10E has a pattern in which there is an MSK mark after the 22 wobble section, and an MSK mark after the 10 wobble section, following the MSK mark as the bit sync bs.

  Each sync pattern is a unique pattern for a monotone bit and an ADIP bit described below. In this way, four patterns of sync bits are arranged in each sync block, and if the disk drive device can detect any one of the four patterns of sync units from the sync part section, synchronization is achieved. Have been able to.

Next, the structure of the data part in the address block will be described with reference to FIG.
As can be seen from FIGS. 11A and 11B, the data part is formed of 15 ADIP blocks (ADIP blocks “0” to “14”). Each ADIP block is 5 bits.

Each 5-bit ADIP block is composed of 1 monotone bit and 4 ADIP bits.
In each ADIP block, as in the case of the sync block, the monotone bit has a waveform in which the MSK mark as the bit sync bs is arranged at the head in the 56 wobble period, and the wobble of the carrier frequency continues, which is shown in FIG. This is shown in (a).

Since 4 ADIP bits are included in one ADIP block, address information is formed by 15 ADIP blocks with 60 ADIP bits.
Patterns “1” and “0” as ADIP bits are shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 12B, the wobble waveform pattern when the value as the ADIP bit is “1” is the MSK mark behind the 12 wobble section following the MSK mark as the bit sync bs arranged at the head. Is arranged.
As shown in FIG. 12C, the wobble waveform pattern when the value as the ADIP bit is “0” is the MSK mark behind the 14 wobble section following the MSK mark as the bit sync bs arranged at the head. Is arranged.

  As described above, MSK modulation data is recorded in the wobbling groove, and the address format as ADIP information recorded in this way is as shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 shows an error correction method for ADIP address information.
ADIP address information has 36 bits, and a parity of 24 bits is added thereto.
36-bit ADIP address information consists of 3 bits for layer recording (layer no.bit 0 to layer no.bit2) and 19 bits for RUB (recording unit block) (RUB no.bit 0 to layer no.bit 18). 2 bits (address no.bit 0, address no.bit1) are used for three address blocks for one RUB.
In addition, 12 bits are prepared as AUX data such as disc ID in which recording conditions such as recording / reproducing laser power are recorded.

The ECC unit as the address data is a unit of 60 bits in total as described above, and is composed of 15 nibbles (1 nibble = 4 bits) of Nibble0 to Nibble14 as shown.
The error correction method is a nibble-based Reed-Solomon code RS (15, 9, 7) with 4 bits as one symbol. That is, the code length is 15 nibbles, the data is 9 nibbles, and the parity is 6 nibbles.

5. Pre-recorded information (shipment information)
FIG. 14 shows a modulation method of prerecorded information (shipment information) for forming a wobbling groove in the prerecorded data zone.
For the modulation, for example, FM code modulation is used as a biphase modulation method.
FIG. 14A shows the data bits, FIG. 14B shows the channel clock, FIG. 14C shows the FM code, and FIG. 14D shows the wobble waveform vertically.
One bit of data is 2ch (2-channel clock), and when the bit information is “1”, the FM code has a frequency that is ½ of the channel clock.
When the bit information is “0”, the FM code is represented by a frequency that is ½ of the bit information “1”.
As the wobble waveform, the FM code may be directly recorded as a rectangular wave, but may be recorded as a sinusoidal waveform as shown in FIG.

  Note that the FM code and the wobble waveform may be patterns having opposite polarities to those shown in FIGS. 14C and 14D and patterns shown in FIGS. 14E and 14F.

In the FM code modulation rule as described above, the FM code waveform and the wobble waveform (sinusoidal waveform) when the data bit stream is “10110010” as shown in FIG. As shown in (i).
In the case of corresponding to the patterns shown in FIGS. 14E and 14F, the patterns are as shown in FIGS. 14J and 14K.

The ECC block structure of the shipping information will be described with reference to FIG.
The data block of shipping information is composed of two sectors. This data block is composed of sub-blocks based on actual shipping information (pre-recorded data) and sub-blocks based on control data (pre-recorded control data) related to shipping information.

As shown in FIG. 15, the sub-block based on pre-recorded data is a unit of 4K bytes, that is, 2048 bytes × 2 sectors.
An EDC (error detection code) of 4 bytes per sector is added to this data unit to form a data frame in units of 2052 bytes × 2 sectors.
Further, it is scrambled into a scrambled data frame.
Then, Reed-Solomon coding is performed to form a data block of 216 rows (rows) × 19 columns (colum). Furthermore, 32 rows of parity are added to form an LDC (Long Distance Code) sub-block. The LDC sub-block is an RS (248, 216, 33) × 19 block.
An LDC cluster (248 rows × 19 columns) is configured from the LDC sub-block.

FIGS. 16A and 16B show the state of encoding from the sub-block to the LDC sub-block by pre-recording.
The user data 4KB shown in FIG. 16A is ECC encoded as shown in FIG. That is, prerecorded data adds 4B EDC (error detection code) for one sector 2048B, and encodes LDC for two sectors. LDC is an RS (reed solomon) code of RS (248, 216, 33), code length 248, data 216, and distance 33. There are 19 code words.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 15, a sub-block based on pre-recorded control data is a unit of 2 units of 24 bytes each. The address unit number is a unit of 8 addresses of 9 bytes each.
These 120 bytes are a unit of encoding.
That is, these 120 bytes are Reed-Solomon encoded to form an access block of 30 rows × 4 columns.
Then, 32 rows of parity are added to this to constitute a BIS (burst indicating subcode) sub-block.
The BIS sub-block is an RS (62, 30, 33) × 4 block. A BIS cluster (248 rows × 1 column) is constructed from the BIS sub-blocks.

FIGS. 16C and 16D show the state of encoding from 120 bytes as the prerecorded control data and the address unit number to the BIS sub-block.
That is, the BIS sub-block is ECC-encoded as shown in FIG. 16D with respect to the 120B data shown in FIG. That is, the RS (62, 30, 33), code length 62, data 30, and distance 33 RS (reed solomon) code. There are 4 code words.

As shown in FIG. 15, the LDC cluster and the BIS cluster are each composed of 248 (row) data frames, and one frame has 19 bytes for the LDC cluster and 1 byte for the BIS cluster.
Therefore, one frame as a data frame is 19 + 1 = 20 bytes. For example, as shown in the drawing, after a 1-byte BIS is arranged at the head, a 19-byte LDC is arranged to form a 20-byte data frame.
248 rows of the 20-byte data frame, that is, 248 frames are ECC blocks.

Each data frame is subjected to biphase modulation, and a frame sync is added to form a recording frame. In this case, the data modulated from the data frame has an 8-bit frame sync inserted at the head of the data frame 20 bytes (160 bits), and has a 336 channel bit structure by biphase modulation.
In the case of biphase modulation, since there is no DC component, it is not necessary to add dcc.

Such a recording frame has a data structure of shipping information recorded as a wobbling groove in the PB zone of the disc.
As described with reference to FIG. 2, pre-recorded information as shipping information is recorded in an area having a radius of 22.3 to 23.1 mm as a PB zone of a 12 cm diameter disk.
Considering that one block as data of shipping information in the above format is inserted in this PB zone so as not to exceed one round of the disk, the channel bit density is relaxed to about 1.72 μm.
That is, the data bit recording density is relaxed to about 1/28 as compared with the user data of the RLL (1, 7) PP system, and the signal S / N can be earned.

Further, BIS uses a code that has a much better correction capability than the LDC code, and almost all are corrected. Therefore, the BIS symbol in which an error is detected can be used as follows.
When decoding ECC, BIS is decoded first. When two adjacent BISs are in error, the data 19B sandwiched between them is regarded as a burst error. An error pointer is added to each data 19B. The LDC uses this error pointer to correct the pointer erasure.
As a result, the correction capability can be improved rather than the correction only by the LDC.

  The BIS includes address information and the like. In the prerecorded data zone, prerecorded information is recorded by the wobbling groove, and therefore there is no address information by the wobbling groove, so the address in this BIS is used for access.

As can be seen from FIG. 15 (FIG. 16) and FIG. 4 (FIG. 5), the same code is adopted as the ECC format for the user data by the phase change mark and the shipping time information.
This is because the ECC decoding process of the shipping information (pre-recorded information) can be executed by a circuit system that performs the ECC decoding process at the time of reproducing the user data by the phase change mark, and the efficiency of the hardware configuration as a disk drive device is improved. It means that you can plan.

FIG. 17 shows a frame structure in cluster units.
As described above, an ECC block is composed of 248 rows, that is, 248 frames, in a 20-byte data frame (336 channel bit recording frame). Before and after these 248 frames, frames as run-in and run-out for linking are added, and 250 frames form one cluster.

  Further, as described above, eight addresses are added as the address unit number, but the portion of 248 frames excluding run-in and run-out is divided into eight in units of 31 frames of frame numbers 0-30. Addresses (address unit numbers 0 to 7) are assigned to each address.

FIG. 17 shows an example in which a linking frame is added in accordance with the cluster structure of user data. By combining with the cluster structure of user data, it is convenient in terms of circuit configuration as a decoding processing system of the disk drive device.
However, if such a point does not become a problem, it is not necessary to match the user data cluster structure.
That is, since the shipping information is information for reproduction only and is not rewritten, a linking frame is not necessary.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, an example in which no linking frame is provided and 248 frames are one cluster is also conceivable.

Here, with respect to the LDC sub-block and the BIS sub-block, data string conversion such as interleaving will be described with reference to FIGS.
In these figures, conversion of LDC sub-blocks is shown in FIGS. 19 to 21, conversion of BIS sub-blocks is shown in FIGS. 22 to 25, and conversion when data of LDC sub-blocks and BIS sub-blocks is recorded on a disk. This is shown in FIG.

FIG. 19 shows a state in which pre-recorded data “C (g, h)” as actual shipping information data is converted into the memory “D (i, j)”.
Using the unit “g” and prerecorded data “h” in the range of 0 ≦ g <2, 0 ≦ h <2052,
i = (g × 2052 + h)% 216
j = (g × 2052 + h) / 216
It is expressed. “/” Indicates the quotient of division and “modulo” of “%” division.
C (g, 2048) to C (g, 2051) are EDC (error check codes) for C (g, 0) to C (g, 2047).
The (2052 × 2) -byte prerecorded data with EDC shown in FIG. 15 is obtained from the memory D (i, j) with 0 ≦ i ≦ 215 and 0 ≦ j ≦ 18 as shown in FIG. ). “0,0” to “1,2051” shown in the figure indicate pre-recorded data “C (g, h)”.

FIG. 20 shows the pre-recorded data expanded on the memory as described above as a code on the memory D (i, j). i is a code number and j is a byte.
A range of 216 to 247 as an i value shown as a shaded portion is a parity of 32 rows to be added.

FIG. 21 shows how data on the memory D (i, j) as shown in FIG. 20 is converted to a position b (s, t, u) on the disk. s is an AUN (address unit number), t is a frame, and u is a byte.
The conversion formula is s, t, u in the range of 0 ≦ s <8, 0 ≦ t <31, 1 ≦ u <20,
i = (s × 31 + t)
j = (s × 31 + t + u−1)% 19
It is expressed.

Next, FIGS. 22 to 25 show conversion of pre-recorded control data as addition / control information for shipping time information data.
FIG. 22 shows information to be entered in the BIS subblock.
As described above, the BIS information is composed of address information and prerecorded control data.

An address field in BIS is shown in FIG. As an address, there are 8 address fields (# 0 to # 7) in one ECC block.
One address field is composed of 9 bytes. For example, the address field # 0 is composed of 9 bytes from 0-0 to 0-8.
An address value indicating an ECC block address called AUN (address unit number) is arranged in MSB 4 Byte of each address field.
In the fifth byte of each address field, an address field number is arranged in the lower 3 bits (3 Lsbit).
Further, the parity for each address field is arranged in the lower 4 bytes of each address field.

On the other hand, prerecorded control data in BIS is two units (# 0, # 1) in one ECC block as shown in FIG.
One unit of pre-recorded control data is composed of 24 bytes. For example, unit # 0 is composed of 24 bytes from 0-0 to 0-23.
This pre-recorded control data is reserved for use in future systems.

FIG. 23 shows how address information I (s, v) and prerecorded control data U (g, h) in the BIS sub-block are converted into the memory B (i, j).
As address information I (s, v), s is AUN (# 0 to # 7), and v is address data (bytes (0 to 8)).
For the pre-recorded control data U (g, h), g is a unit (# 0, # 1), and h is data (bytes (0-23)).

The conversion formula uses s and v in the range of 0 ≦ s <8, 0 ≦ v <9,
i = ((s × 31 + v)% 31) × 2 + ((s × 31 + v) / 124)
= (v% 31) × 2 + (s / 4)
j = (s × 31 + v)% 4
The address information is interleaved and expanded in the range of 18 rows of 0 ≦ i ≦ 17 on the memory.

In addition, using unit “g” and pre-recorded control data “h” in the range of 0 ≦ g <2, 0 ≦ h <24,
i = (g × 24 + h)% 12 + 18
j = (g × 24 + h) / 12
The prerecorded control data is expanded in the range of 12 rows of 18 ≦ i ≦ 29 on the memory.

FIG. 24 shows the address information and prerecorded control data developed on the memory as described above as codes on the memory B (i, j). i is a code number and j is a byte.
A range of 30 to 61 as an i value shown as a shaded portion is a parity of 32 rows to be added.

FIG. 25 shows how data on the memory B (i, j) as shown in FIG. 24 is converted to a position b (s, t, u) on the disk. s is an AUN (address unit number), t is a frame, and u is a byte.
The conversion formula is s, t, u in the range of 0 ≦ s <8, 0 ≦ t <31, u = 0,
i = ((s × 31 + t)% 31) × 2 + ((s × 31 + t) / 124)
= (t% 31) × 2 + (s / 4)
j = (s × 31 + t)% 4
It is expressed.

The data b (s, t, u) for FIG. 21 converted for the LDC sub-block and the data for FIG. 25 converted for the BIS sub-block together form a frame as shown in FIG. 26 and recorded on the disc. Will be.
In addition, although the data conversion about shipping time information was described, these conversion rules are applied similarly about user data.

In the above example, the example in which the ECC block is configured in units of 4 KB of pre-recorded data with respect to the shipping information has been described. However, for example, an example in which the ECC block is configured in units of 8 KB is also conceivable.
The ECC block structure in units of 8 KB of prerecorded data will be described with reference to FIG.

In this case, the data block of the shipping information is composed of 4 sectors.
Therefore, the sub-block of pre-recorded data is a unit of 8K bytes, that is, 2048 bytes × 4 sectors.
An EDC (error detection code) of 4 bytes per sector is added to this data unit to form a data frame of 2052 bytes × 4 sectors.
Further, it is scrambled into a scrambled data frame.
Then, Reed-Solomon encoding is performed to form a data block of 216 rows (rows) × 38 columns (colum). Furthermore, 32 rows of parity are added to form an LDC (Long Distance Code) sub-block. The LDC sub-block is an RS (248, 216, 33) × 38 block. The code word is 38.
An LDC cluster (496 rows × 19 columns) is configured from the LDC sub-blocks.

On the other hand, a sub-block based on pre-recorded control data is a unit of 4 units of 24 bytes each. The address unit number is a unit of 16 addresses of 9 bytes each.
These 240 bytes are a unit of encoding.
That is, these 240 bytes are Reed-Solomon encoded to form an access block of 30 rows × 8 columns.
Then, 32 rows of parity are added to this to constitute a BIS (burst indicating subcode) sub-block. The code word is 8.
The BIS sub-block is an RS (62, 30, 33) × 8 block. A BIS cluster (496 rows × 1 column) is constructed from the BIS sub-blocks.

Each of the LDC cluster and the BIS cluster is composed of 498 (row) data frames, and one frame has 19 bytes for the LDC cluster and 1 byte for the BIS cluster.
Therefore, one frame as a data frame is 19 + 1 = 20 bytes. For example, as shown in the drawing, after a 1-byte BIS is arranged at the head, a 19-byte LDC is arranged to form a 20-byte data frame.
The 496 rows of the 20-byte data frame, that is, 496 frames are ECC blocks.

Each data frame is subjected to biphase modulation, and a frame sync is added to form a recording frame. In this case, the data modulated from the data frame has an 8-bit frame sync inserted at the head of the data frame 20 bytes (160 bits), and has a 336 channel bit structure by biphase modulation.
In the case of biphase modulation, since there is no DC component, it is not necessary to add dcc.

Such a recording frame has a data structure of shipping information recorded as a wobbling groove in the PB zone of the disc.
As described with reference to FIG. 2, pre-recorded information as shipping information is recorded in an area having a radius of 22.3 to 23.1 mm as a PB zone of a 12 cm diameter disk.
Considering that one block as data of shipping information in the above format is inserted into this PB zone so as not to exceed one round of the disk, the channel bit density is relaxed to about 0.86 μm.
That is, the data bit recording density can be relaxed to about 1/14 compared to the user data of the RLL (1, 7) PP system, and the signal S / N can be earned.
In this case as well, the same code is adopted as the ECC format for the user information by the phase change mark and the shipping time information for the shipping time information.

FIG. 28 shows a frame structure in cluster units.
As described above, an ECC block is composed of 496 rows, that is, 496 frames, in a 20-byte data frame (336 channel bit recording frame). Before and after these 496 frames, frames as run-in and run-out for linking are added, and 498 frames form one cluster.

  Also, as described above, 16 addresses are added as address unit numbers, but the portion of 496 frames excluding run-in and run-out is divided into 16 units of 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30, and 16 Addresses (address unit numbers 0 to 15) are assigned to each address.

FIG. 28 shows an example in which a linking frame is added in accordance with the cluster structure of user data. By combining with the cluster structure of user data, it is convenient in terms of circuit configuration as a decoding processing system of the disk drive device.
In this case, however, it is not always necessary to match the cluster structure of user data. That is, since the shipping time information is read-only information and is not rewritten, a linking frame is not necessary.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 29, an example in which no linking frame is provided and 496 frames are one cluster is also conceivable.

FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 show the frame sync in the example of the ECC block configuration in units of 4 KB or 8 KB in the shipping information as described above.
As shown in FIG. 30, there are seven types of frame syncs FS0 to FS6 as frame syncs FS. Each of the frame syncs FS0 to FS6 uses a pattern as an out-of-rule of FM code modulation, 8 channel bits of the sync body “11001001”, and 8 channel bits of a sync ID for each of the seven types of frame syncs FS0 to FS6 The total of 16 channel bits.

When the sync ID is represented by a data bit, for example, the frame sync FS0 is represented by 3 bits of “000” and 1 bit of parity (0 in this case), which is FM code modulated to “10101010”.
Similarly, other sync IDs are represented by 3 bits of data bits and 1 bit of parity, and are FM code modulated.
As a result, the code distance of the bit data becomes 2 or more, and even if there is a 1-bit error, it is not determined as another sync ID.
The frame sync FS is recorded after NRZI conversion at the time of recording.

FIG. 31 shows frame sync mapping.
As described above, in the case of 4 KB unit, 248 frames of one ECC block is divided into eight 31-frame address frames.
In the case of 8 KB unit, 496 frames of one ECC block are divided into 16 address frames of 31 frames.
That is, in any case, it is divided in units of 31 frames.

Each frame has a frame number from 0 to 30. For the frame number “0”, FS0 is used as a special frame sync that is not used for other frame syncs. With this frame sync FS0, the head of the address frame can be found and address synchronization can be performed.
In the frame numbers “1” to “30”, frame syncs (FS1 to FS6) are arranged in the order shown in FIG. Depending on the order in which the frame syncs are arranged, the head of the address frame can be specified even if the head frame sync FS0 cannot be specified.

6). Disc Drive Device Next, a disc drive device capable of recording / reproducing corresponding to the above disc will be described.
FIG. 32 shows the configuration of the disk drive device.
In FIG. 32, a disk 100 is the disk of this example described above.

The disk 100 is loaded on a turntable (not shown) and is driven to rotate at a constant linear velocity (CLV) by the spindle motor 2 during a recording / reproducing operation.
The ADIP information embedded as wobbling of the groove track in the RW zone on the disc 100 is read by the optical pickup 1. Further, pre-recorded information embedded as wobbling of the groove track in the PB zone is read out.
At the time of recording, user data is recorded as a phase change mark on the track in the RW zone by the optical pickup, and at the time of reproduction, the phase change mark recorded by the optical pickup is read out.

In the pickup 1, a laser diode serving as a laser light source, a photodetector for detecting reflected light, an objective lens serving as an output end of the laser light, and a laser recording light are irradiated onto the disk recording surface via the objective lens. An optical system (not shown) for guiding the reflected light to the photodetector is formed.
The laser diode outputs a so-called blue laser having a wavelength of 405 nm. The NA by the optical system is 0.85.

In the pickup 1, the objective lens is held so as to be movable in the tracking direction and the focus direction by a biaxial mechanism.
The entire pickup 1 can be moved in the disk radial direction by the thread mechanism 3.
The laser diode in the pickup 1 is driven to emit laser light by a drive signal (drive current) from the laser driver 13.

Reflected light information from the disk 100 is detected by a photo detector, converted into an electric signal corresponding to the amount of received light, and supplied to the matrix circuit 4.
The matrix circuit 4 includes a current-voltage conversion circuit, a matrix calculation / amplification circuit, and the like corresponding to output currents from a plurality of light receiving elements as photodetectors, and generates necessary signals by matrix calculation processing.
For example, a high frequency signal (reproduction data signal) corresponding to reproduction data, a focus error signal for servo control, a tracking error signal, and the like are generated.
Further, a push-pull signal is generated as a signal related to groove wobbling, that is, a signal for detecting wobbling.

  The reproduction data signal output from the matrix circuit 4 is supplied to the reader / writer circuit 5, the focus error signal and tracking error signal are supplied to the servo circuit 11, and the push-pull signal is supplied to the wobble circuit 8.

The reader / writer circuit 5 performs binarization processing on the reproduction data signal, reproduction clock generation processing by PLL, etc., reproduces the data read as the phase change mark, and supplies it to the modulation / demodulation circuit 6.
The modem circuit 6 includes a functional part as a decoder during reproduction and a functional part as an encoder during recording.
At the time of reproduction, as a decoding process, a run-length limited code is demodulated based on the reproduction clock.
The ECC encoder / decoder 7 performs ECC encoding processing for adding an error correction code at the time of recording and ECC decoding processing for error correction at the time of reproduction.
At the time of reproduction, the data demodulated by the modulation / demodulation circuit 6 is taken into an internal memory, and error detection / correction processing and deinterleaving processing are performed to obtain reproduction data.
The data decoded up to the reproduction data by the ECC encoder / decoder 7 is read based on an instruction from the system controller 10 and transferred to an AV (Audio-Visual) system 20.

The push-pull signal output from the matrix circuit 4 as a signal related to groove wobbling is processed in the wobble circuit 8. The push-pull signal as ADIP information is MSK demodulated in the wobble circuit 8, demodulated into a data stream constituting an ADIP address, and supplied to the address decoder 9.
The address decoder 9 decodes the supplied data, obtains an address value, and supplies it to the system controller 10.
The wobble circuit 8 generates a clock by PLL processing used for the wobble signal obtained as a push-pull signal, and supplies it to each unit as an encode clock at the time of recording, for example.

Further, as a push-pull signal output from the matrix circuit 4 as a signal related to the wobbling of the groove, a push-pull signal as pre-recorded information from the PB zone is subjected to band pass filter processing and FM code demodulation processing in the wobble circuit 8. This is performed and supplied to the reader / writer circuit 5. Then, after waveform shaping as an FM code stream, ECC decoding / deinterleaving is performed by the ECC encoder / decoder 7 to extract data as prerecorded information. The extracted shipping time information (pre-recorded information) is supplied to the system controller 10.
The system controller 10 can perform various setting processes and copy protection processes based on the read prerecorded information.
In addition, the system controller 10 instructs the wobble circuit 8 to switch processing for the demodulation of ADIP information and the demodulation of shipping information by the control signal CT.

FIG. 33 shows a configuration example of the wobble circuit 8.
The push-pull signal P / P from the matrix circuit 4 is supplied to the PLL unit 64 via the band pass filter 61. The PLL unit 64 binarizes the wobbling carrier component extracted by the bandpass filter 61, for example, and then performs PLL processing to reproduce the clock CLK based on the wobble.
However, as explained in FIG. 3, the wobbling period of the RW zone is 69T, and the wobbling period of the PB zone is 36T. That is, the wobbling carrier frequency differs between the RW zone and the PB zone.
Therefore, the system controller 10 switches the pass band of the bandpass filter 61 between the recording / reproducing of the RW zone and the reproducing of the PB zone by the control signal CT.
As a result, the clock CLK generated by the PLL unit 64 has a frequency corresponding to a wobble with a period of 69T during RW zone recording / reproduction, and a frequency corresponding to a wobble with a period of 36T during PB zone reproduction.

  The push-pull signal P / P is supplied to the MSK demodulator 65 after the carrier frequency and a frequency component of 1.5 times the carrier frequency are extracted by the band pass filter 61. The MSK demodulator 65 performs MSK demodulation by, for example, multiplying or filtering an MSK modulated wave and a carrier component, and obtains demodulated data as an ADIP address. As described above, the demodulated data is supplied to the address decoder 9 and decoded as an ADIP address value. MSK demodulation is performed based on a clock CLK having a frequency corresponding to a wobble with a period of 69T.

  The push-pull signal P / P is extracted by the band-pass filter 61 from the biphase modulation (FM modulation) signal component and demodulated by the FM code demodulation unit 66. The demodulated signal is supplied to the reader / writer circuit 5. The FM code demodulation is performed based on a clock CLK having a frequency corresponding to a wobble with a period of 36T.

The system controller 10 switches and controls the frequency of the clock CLK by supplying the control signal CT to the wobble circuit 8 as described above. That is, at the time of reproducing the PB zone of the disc 100, the FM code demodulating unit 66 performs demodulation, thereby reading the shipping information.
On the other hand, at the time of reproducing the RW zone, the operation of the MSK demodulator 65 is executed, and the ADIP address is read.

In the disk drive device of FIG. 32, recording data is transferred from the AV system 20 during recording, but the recording data is sent to a memory in the ECC encoder / decoder 7 and buffered.
In this case, the ECC encoder / decoder 7 performs error correction code addition, interleaving, subcode addition, and the like as an encoding process of the buffered recording data. That is, encoding to the ECC block described in FIG. 4 is performed.
The ECC-encoded data is subjected to RLL (1-7) PP modulation in the modulation / demodulation circuit 6 and supplied to the reader / writer circuit 5.
As described above, the clock generated from the wobble signal is used as the reference clock for the encoding process during recording.

The recording data generated by the encoding process is subjected to a recording compensation process by the reader / writer circuit 5 and fine adjustment of the optimum recording power and adjustment of the laser drive pulse waveform with respect to the recording layer characteristics, laser beam spot shape, recording linear velocity, etc. Etc. are sent to the laser driver 13 as a laser drive pulse.
The laser driver 13 applies the supplied laser drive pulse to the laser diode in the pickup 1 to perform laser emission driving. As a result, pits (phase change marks) corresponding to the recording data are formed on the disc 100.

  The laser driver 13 includes a so-called APC circuit (Auto Power Control), and the laser output is not dependent on temperature or the like while monitoring the laser output power by the output of the laser power monitoring detector provided in the pickup 1. Control to be constant. The target value of the laser output at the time of recording and reproduction is given from the system controller 10, and the laser output level is controlled to be the target value at the time of recording and reproduction.

The servo circuit 11 generates various servo drive signals for focus, tracking, and sled from the focus error signal and tracking error signal from the matrix circuit 4 and executes the servo operation.
That is, the focus drive signal and the tracking drive signal are generated according to the focus error signal and the tracking error signal, and the focus coil and tracking coil of the biaxial mechanism in the pickup 1 are driven. As a result, the pickup 1, the matrix circuit 4, the servo circuit 11, the tracking servo loop and the focus servo loop by the biaxial mechanism are formed.

  The servo circuit 11 executes a track jump operation by turning off the tracking servo loop and outputting a jump drive signal in response to a track jump command from the system controller 10.

  The servo circuit 11 generates a thread drive signal based on a thread error signal obtained as a low frequency component of the tracking error signal, access execution control from the system controller 10, and the like, and drives the thread mechanism 3. Although not shown, the thread mechanism 3 includes a mechanism including a main shaft that holds the pickup 1, a thread motor, a transmission gear, and the like, and a required slide of the pickup 1 by driving the thread motor in accordance with a thread drive signal. Movement is performed.

The spindle servo circuit 12 performs control to rotate the spindle motor 2 at CLV.
The spindle servo circuit 12 obtains the clock generated by the PLL processing for the wobble signal as the current rotational speed information of the spindle motor 2, and compares it with predetermined CLV reference speed information to generate a spindle error signal. .
At the time of data reproduction, the reproduction clock (clock serving as a reference for decoding processing) generated by the PLL in the reader / writer circuit 5 becomes the current rotational speed information of the spindle motor 2 and is used as a predetermined CLV. A spindle error signal can also be generated by comparing with the reference speed information.
The spindle servo circuit 12 outputs a spindle drive signal generated according to the spindle error signal, and causes the spindle motor 2 to perform CLV rotation.
Further, the spindle servo circuit 12 generates a spindle drive signal in response to a spindle kick / brake control signal from the system controller 10, and also executes operations such as starting, stopping, acceleration, and deceleration of the spindle motor 2.

Various operations of the servo system and the recording / reproducing system as described above are controlled by a system controller 10 formed by a microcomputer.
The system controller 10 executes various processes according to commands from the AV system 20.

  For example, when a write command (write command) is issued from the AV system 20, the system controller 10 first moves the pickup 1 to an address to be written. Then, the ECC encoder / decoder 7 and the modulation / demodulation circuit 6 perform the encoding process as described above on the data transferred from the AV system 20 (for example, video data of various systems such as MPEG2 or audio data). Then, recording is executed by supplying the laser drive pulse from the reader / writer circuit 5 to the laser driver 13 as described above.

For example, when a read command for transferring certain data (MPEG2 video data or the like) recorded on the disc 100 is supplied from the AV system 20, seek operation control is first performed for the instructed address. That is, a command is issued to the servo circuit 11 to cause the pickup 1 to access the address specified by the seek command.
Thereafter, operation control necessary for transferring the data in the designated data section to the AV system 20 is performed. That is, data reading from the disk 100 is performed, decoding / buffering and the like in the reader / writer circuit 5, the modulation / demodulation circuit 6, and the ECC encoder / decoder 7 are executed, and the requested data is transferred.

When recording / reproducing data using these phase change marks, the system controller 10 controls access and recording / reproducing operations using the ADIP address detected by the wobble circuit 8 and the address decoder 9.
At this time, the system controller 10 instructs the ECC encoder / decoder 7 to perform error correction decoding on the ECC block having the structure described with reference to FIG.

Further, at a predetermined time such as when the disc 100 is loaded, the system controller 10 reads out the shipping time information (prerecorded information) recorded as a wobbling groove in the PB zone of the disc 100.
In that case, seek operation control is first performed for the purpose of the PB zone. That is, a command is issued to the servo circuit 11 to cause the pickup 1 to access the innermost circumference of the disk.
Thereafter, a reproduction trace by the pickup 1 is executed to obtain a push-pull signal as reflected light information, and a decoding process by the wobble circuit 8, the reader / writer circuit 5 and the ECC encoder / decoder 7 is executed, and prerecorded information is obtained. Get playback data.
At this time, the system controller 10 instructs the ECC encoder / decoder 7 to perform error correction decoding on the ECC block having the structure described with reference to FIG. 15 (or FIG. 27).
The system controller 10 performs laser power setting, copy protection processing, and the like based on the prerecorded information read out in this way.

  At the time of reproducing the pre-recorded information in the PB zone, the system controller 10 controls access and reproduction operations using the address information included in the BIS cluster as the read pre-recorded information.

In the example of FIG. 22, the disk drive device 30 connected to the AV system 20 is used. However, the disk drive device of the present invention may be connected to, for example, a personal computer.
Furthermore, there may be a form that is not connected to other devices. In that case, an operation unit and a display unit are provided, and the configuration of the interface portion for data input / output is different from that in FIG. That is, it is only necessary that recording and reproduction are performed in accordance with a user operation and a terminal unit for inputting / outputting various data is formed.
Of course, there are various other configuration examples. For example, examples of a recording-only device and a reproduction-only device are also possible.

7). Disc Manufacturing Method Next, a method for manufacturing the above-described disc of this example will be described.
The disc manufacturing process is roughly divided into a so-called master process (mastering process) and a disc forming process (replication process). The master process is a process until the completion of a metal master (stamper) used in the disc making process, and the disc making process is a process for mass-producing an optical disc as a duplicate using the stamper.

Specifically, in the master process, so-called cutting is performed in which a photoresist is applied to a polished glass substrate, and pits and grooves are formed on the photosensitive film by exposure with a laser beam.
In the case of this example, groove cutting is performed by wobbling based on pre-recorded information in the portion corresponding to the PB zone on the innermost circumference side of the disk, and wobbling based on the ADIP address in the portion corresponding to the RW zone. Groove cutting is performed.

The prerecorded information to be recorded is prepared in a preparation process called premastering.
When the cutting is completed, after performing a predetermined process such as development, information is transferred onto the metal surface by, for example, electroforming, and a stamper necessary for copying the disk is created.
Next, using this stamper, the information is transferred onto a resin substrate by, for example, an injection method, and after a reflective film is formed thereon, processing such as processing into a required disk form is performed to obtain a final product. Complete.

For example, as shown in FIG. 33, the cutting device includes a prerecorded information generation unit 71, an address generation unit 72, a switching unit 73, a cutting unit 74, and a controller 70.
The prerecorded information generating unit 71 outputs prerecorded information prepared in the premastering process.
The address generator 72 sequentially outputs values as absolute addresses.

  The cutting unit 74 includes an optical unit (82, 83, 84) that performs cutting by irradiating a laser beam onto the photoresist glass substrate 101, and a substrate rotation / transfer unit 85 that rotationally drives and slides the glass substrate 101. The cutting position can be discriminated from the PB zone or the RW zone from the position of the signal processing unit 81 that converts the input data into recording data and supplies it to the optical unit and the position of the substrate rotation / transfer unit 85. It has a sensor 86.

As the optical unit, for example, a laser light source 82 composed of a He—Cd laser, a modulation unit 83 that modulates light emitted from the laser light source 82 based on recording data, and a modulated beam from the modulation unit 83 is condensed. A cutting head portion 84 for irradiating the photoresist surface of the glass substrate 101 is provided.
The modulation unit 83 includes an acousto-optic type optical modulator (AOM) that turns on and off the light emitted from the laser light source 82, and an acousto-optic type that deflects the light emitted from the laser light source 82 based on the wobble generation signal. An optical deflector (AOD) is provided.

  The substrate rotation / transfer unit 85 includes a rotation motor that rotates the glass substrate 101, a detection unit (FG) that detects the rotation speed of the rotation motor, and a slide motor that slides the glass substrate 101 in the radial direction. And a servo controller for controlling the rotation speed of the rotary motor and slide motor, the tracking of the cutting head portion 84, and the like.

For example, the signal processing unit 81 adds, for example, an error correction code or the like to prerecorded information or address information supplied via the switching unit 73 to form input data, or formatting processing data. A modulation signal generation process is performed in which a predetermined arithmetic process is performed to form a modulation signal.
Based on the modulation signal, drive processing for driving the optical modulator and the optical deflector of the modulator 83 is also performed.

In the cutting unit 74, when cutting, the substrate rotation / transfer unit 85 drives the glass substrate 101 to rotate at a constant linear velocity, and a spiral track is formed at a predetermined track pitch while rotating the glass substrate 71. Slide as you go.
At the same time, the light emitted from the laser light source 82 is converted into a modulated beam based on the modulation signal from the signal processing unit 81 via the modulation unit 83 and is irradiated onto the photoresist surface of the glass substrate 71 from the cutting head unit 84. As a result, the photoresist is exposed based on data and grooves.

The controller 70 controls execution of the cutting operation of the cutting unit 74 and controls the prerecorded information generation unit 71, the address generation unit 72, and the switching unit 73 while monitoring the signal from the sensor 86.
At the start of cutting, the controller 70 sets the slide position of the substrate rotation / transfer unit 85 as the initial position so that the cutting head 84 starts laser irradiation from the innermost side with respect to the cutting unit 74. Then, CLV rotation driving of the glass substrate 101 and slide transfer for forming a groove with a track pitch of 0.35 μm are started.
In this state, pre-recorded information as shipping information is output from the pre-recorded information generating unit 71 and supplied to the signal processing unit 81 via the switching unit 73. Further, the laser output from the laser light source 82 is started, and the modulation unit 83 modulates the laser beam based on the modulation signal from the signal processing unit 81, that is, the FM code modulation signal of the pre-recorded information, and outputs the laser beam to the glass substrate 101. Perform groove cutting.
As a result, the groove cutting as shown in FIG. 3B described above is performed in the region corresponding to the PB zone.

After that, when the controller 70 detects from the signal of the sensor 86 that the cutting operation has advanced to a position corresponding to the PB zone, the controller 70 switches the switching unit 73 to the address generating unit 72 side and sequentially converts the address values from the address generating unit 72. Instruct to generate.
In addition, the slide transfer speed is reduced in the substrate rotation / transfer section 85 so as to form grooves with a track pitch of 0.32 μm.

As a result, the address information is supplied from the address generation unit 72 to the signal processing unit 81 via the switching unit 73. The laser light from the laser light source 82 is modulated by the modulation unit 83 based on the modulation signal from the signal processing unit 81, that is, the MSK modulation signal of the address information, and the groove cutting on the glass substrate 101 is executed by the modulation laser light. Is done.
As a result, the groove cutting as shown in FIG. 3A described above is performed in the region corresponding to the RW zone.
When the controller 70 detects from the signal of the sensor 86 that the cutting operation has reached the end of the lead-out zone, the controller 70 ends the cutting operation.

By such an operation, exposure portions corresponding to the wobbling grooves as the PB zone and the RW zone are formed on the glass substrate 101.
Thereafter, development, electroforming, and the like are performed to produce a stamper, and the above-described disk is produced using the stamper.

8). Modifications The disk of the embodiment, the disk drive device corresponding to the disk, and the disk manufacturing method have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples, and various modifications can be considered within the scope of the gist. It is what

  In the above example, the user data is recorded as the phase change mark. However, the user data recording method may be any method that can be rewritten or additionally written. For example, the present invention can be applied to a disk or a disk drive device that supports a recording system such as a magneto-optical recording system or a dye change system.

  Further, although the bi-phase modulation is used for the shipping information, the shipping information may be the same modulation method as the user data. For example, according to the above example, since the user data is in the RLL (1, 7) PP system, it is conceivable that the shipping information is also modulated in the RLL (1, 7) PP system.

  1 pickup, 2 spindle motor, 3 thread mechanism, 4 matrix circuit, 5 reader / writer circuit, 6 modulation / demodulation circuit, 7 ECC encoder / decoder, 8 wobble circuit, 9 address decoder, 10 system controller, 11 servo circuit, 12 spindle servo Circuit, 13 laser driver, 20 AV system, 70 controller, 71 pre-recorded information generating unit, 72 address generating unit, 73 switching unit, 74 cutting unit, 100 disc

Claims (5)

A recording / playback area in which the user data can be recorded and played back by a rewritable or additionally writable recording method and the pre-address information recorded by groove wobbling can be played back
A pre-recorded area where pre-recorded information recorded by groove wobbling can be played, and
The user data is recorded using a first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure,
The above user data has a recording unit of 498 frames in which frames as run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after 496 frames,
The 496 frames are divided into 16 frames with 31 frames having frame numbers 0 to 30 as units.
Disc recording medium in which a frame sync is arranged at the head of each frame of the 496 frames, and a first frame sync and a second frame sync different from the first frame sync are arranged in the run-in in addition to the head . Recording / playback area in which pre-address information recorded by recording / playback of user data and groove wobbling can be played back by a rewritable or additionally writable recording method, and pre-recorded information recorded by groove wobbling The user data is recorded using the first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure, and the user data is 496 frames. Frames as run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after the 498 frames as recording units, and the 496 frames are divided into 16 frames with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as the unit. A frame sync is placed at the beginning of each frame, and the above The burn-to the disk recording medium to place a different second frame sync from the first frame sync and first frame sync in other than the head and a recording method for recording data,
For a recording apparatus provided with head means for performing recording and reproduction by irradiating the track formed by the groove with laser.
At the time of recording the user data in the recording / reproducing area, recording is performed using the first modulation method, and run-in / run-out for linking is performed before and after 496 frames with respect to the track formed by the groove. 498 frames are added as recording units, and the 496 frames are divided into 16 frames with 31 frames having frame numbers 0 to 30 as a unit, and a frame sync is placed at the head of each frame of the 496 frames. A recording method in which recording is executed so that a second frame sync different from the first frame sync and the first frame sync other than the head is arranged in the run-in. Recording / playback area in which pre-address information recorded by recording / playback of user data and groove wobbling can be played back by a rewritable or additionally writable recording method, and pre-recorded information recorded by groove wobbling The user data is recorded using the first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure, and the user data is 496 frames. Frames as run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after the 498 frames as recording units, and the 496 frames are divided into 16 frames with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as the unit. A frame sync is placed at the beginning of each frame, and the above The burn-to the disk recording medium to place a different second frame sync from the first frame sync and first frame sync in other than the head and a recording apparatus for recording data,
A head means for performing recording and reproduction by irradiating a laser on a track formed by the groove;
Wobbling extraction means for extracting a signal related to wobbling of the track from the reflected light signal;
Pre-address information demodulating means for demodulating the wobbling-related signal extracted by the wobbling extracting means during reproduction of the recording / reproducing area;
Pre-recorded information demodulating means for demodulating a signal related to the wobbling extracted by the wobbling extracting means at the time of reproduction of the reproduction-only area;
At the time of recording the user data in the recording / reproducing area, recording is performed using the first modulation method, and run-in / run-out for linking is performed before and after 496 frames with respect to the track formed by the groove. 498 frames are added as recording units, and the 496 frames are divided into 16 frames with 31 frames having frame numbers 0 to 30 as a unit, and a frame sync is placed at the head of each frame of the 496 frames. In the run-in, frames as link-in run-in and run-out are added before and after 496 frames with respect to the track formed by the groove that arranges two different frame syncs other than the head. The recording unit is 498 frames, and the above 496 frames are Is divided into 16 to 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as a unit, at the beginning of each frame of the 496 frames, places the frame sync, the above-mentioned run-first frame sync and first besides the top Control means for controlling the head means so as to arrange a second frame sync different from the frame sync of
Recording device. Recording / playback area in which pre-address information recorded by recording / playback of user data and groove wobbling can be played back by a rewritable or additionally writable recording method, and pre-recorded information recorded by groove wobbling The user data is recorded using the first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure, and the user data is 496 frames. Frames as run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after the 498 frames as recording units, and the 496 frames are divided into 16 frames with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as the unit. A frame sync is placed at the beginning of each frame, and the above The burn-as reproduction method for a disk recording medium to place a different second frame sync from the first frame sync and first frame sync in non-initial
When playing back the recording / playback area,
A signal relating to the wobbling of the track and a signal relating to the user data are extracted from the reflected light signal when the laser beam is applied to the track formed by the groove, and the signal relating to the extracted wobbling is demodulated. To decode the pre-address information and perform demodulation for the first modulation scheme on the extracted signal related to the user data and error correction processing on the first error correction block by the error correction code A playback method in which the user data is played back. Recording / playback area in which pre-address information recorded by recording / playback of user data and groove wobbling can be played back by a rewritable or additionally writable recording method, and pre-recorded information recorded by groove wobbling The user data is recorded using the first modulation method and has a first error correction block structure, and the user data is 496 frames. Frames as run-in and run-out for linking are added before and after the 498 frames as recording units, and the 496 frames are divided into 16 frames with 31 frames of frame numbers 0 to 30 as the unit. A frame sync is placed at the beginning of each frame, and the above The burn-as playback method for a playback apparatus for playing a disc recording medium to place a different second frame sync from the first frame sync and first frame sync in non-initial
A head means for obtaining a reflected light signal by irradiating a laser on a track formed by the groove;
Wobbling extraction means for extracting a signal related to wobbling of the track from the reflected light signal;
User data signal extracting means for extracting a signal related to the user data from the reflected light signal;
Pre-address information demodulating means for demodulating the wobbling-related signal extracted by the wobbling extracting means during reproduction of the recording / reproducing area;
User data demodulation means for demodulating the signal related to the user data extracted by the user data extraction means with respect to the first modulation method at the time of reproduction of the recording / reproduction area;
Pre-recorded information demodulating means for demodulating a signal related to the wobbling extracted by the wobbling extracting means at the time of reproduction of the reproduction-only area;
When playing back the recording / playback area,
A signal relating to the wobbling of the track and a signal relating to the user data are extracted from the reflected light signal when the laser beam is applied to the track formed by the groove, and the signal relating to the extracted wobbling is demodulated. To decode the pre-address information and perform demodulation for the first modulation scheme on the extracted signal related to the user data and error correction processing on the first error correction block by the error correction code A playback device for performing playback of the user data.

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