JP4969373B2 - Pest control agent - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pest control agent comprising natural enemy microorganisms, and in particular, in the field of agriculture and horticulture, using a natural enemy microorganism that can control pests and plant pathogens effectively over a long period of time with low toxicity. And a pest control method using the same.

  In recent years, as a natural enemy microorganism against insects, mites, or plant pathogens, Ascersonia, Verticillium, Entomophthora, Hirsutella, Metahizium, Neozygites, Paecilomyces, Beauveria, and the like Viruses such as bacteria belonging to; and granule disease virus (GV), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) are widely known and studied as pest control agents, some of which are biological pesticides Has already been put to practical use.

  In addition, viruses such as Trichoderma filamentous fungi; Bacillus genus bacteria; and viruses such as zucchini macular mosaic virus, which have low or no phytopathogenicity per se but are bactericidal or growth-inhibitory against other phytopathogenic fungi Researched as disease control agents, some of which have already been put into practical use as biological pesticides.

  However, these microorganisms are less effective than general chemical pesticides, are slow-acting, and often need to be treated repeatedly, especially under conditions where pests or phytopathogenic fungi have already occurred frequently. There are problems such as not being.

  On the other hand, it is known that reduced starch saccharified products are effective in controlling pests such as spider mites, aphids, whiteflies, thrips, and powdery mildew in vegetables, flowers and fruit trees (see Patent Document 1). ). Reduced starch saccharification has a fast-acting effect by suppressing the behavior of insect pests, death from suffocation and the growth of phytopathogenic fungi by adhesive force, and makes resistance to pests and phytopathogenic fungi difficult to develop, There is a drawback in that the residual effect is poor and a long-term effect cannot be expected so much.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-131001

  An object of the present invention is to provide a pest control agent using a natural enemy microorganism that has low toxicity, is fast-acting and can effectively control pests and plant pathogens over a long period of time, and a pest control method using the same. Is to provide.

  As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by using natural enemy microorganisms in combination with a reduced starch saccharified product, and have completed the present invention.

  Thus, the present invention provides a pest control agent comprising a combination of at least one natural enemy microorganism selected from natural enemy filamentous fungi, natural enemy bacteria and natural enemy virus, and reduced starch saccharified product.

  The present invention also provides a pest control method comprising applying at least one natural enemy microorganism selected from natural enemy filamentous fungus, natural enemy bacteria and natural enemy virus and reduced starch saccharified product to a pest or a habitat thereof. It is to provide.

  According to the present invention, plant pests can be controlled extremely effectively. In particular, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a remarkable effect that the effect is rapidly manifested and the effect is sustained over a long period of time. Further, according to the present invention, an excellent effect can be expected even at a low dose. Furthermore, the present invention uses natural reduced microorganism saccharified products used as natural enemy microorganisms and foods and food additives in nature, so it is environmentally friendly and has extremely high safety, quick action and sustained effect. It is extremely effective in the pest and plant disease control scenes that need to be used.

  Hereinafter, the pest control agent of the present invention and the pest control method using the same will be described in more detail.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In the present invention, as the natural enemy filamentous fungi, insecticidal filamentous fungi that are parasitic on pests widely found in nature can be used, and specifically, for example, Aschersia aleirodis, Verticillium lecanii, Entomophthora auraicae, E. coli. maimaiga, E .; muscae, Hirsutella
Thompsonii, Metarhizium anisopliae, Monacrosporium phytophagum, Neozygites floridana, Paecilomyces fumoroseus, P. et al. tenuipos, Beauveria bassiana, B. et al. and the like. Among these, Beauveria bassiana that parasitizes minute pests such as spider mites, aphids, whiteflies and thrips is preferred. Also, bactericidal or growth-inhibiting filamentous fungi can be used, and specific examples thereof include Trichoderma atrovide (Trichoderma atrobide). As natural enemy filamentous fungi, the cells of the above filamentous fungi can be used directly, or those obtained by drying spores can be used. Accordingly, in this specification, the term “natural enemy filamentous fungus” is used to include filamentous fungus bodies, dried spores and the like.

Examples of natural enemy bacteria that can be used in the present invention include the Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai strain, the kurstaki strain, and Japanensis.
Examples include insecticidal bacteria such as the BuiBui strain; the Semadara strain of Bacillus poppyliae. Among these, Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai strains that parasitize lepidopterous pests such as Spodoptera litura, Shirothyomojiyotou, and weevil, or Bacillus thuringiensis parasitic on lepidopterous pests such as white-tailed moth, Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai The subspecies Kurstaki line (Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki) is preferred. Bactericidal or growth-inhibiting bacteria can also be used, and examples thereof include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus simplex, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. These natural enemy bacteria are usually used in the form of live spores, or crystal toxins produced by these natural enemy bacteria can also be used. Therefore, in this specification, the term “natural enemy bacteria” is used to include not only live spores but also crystal toxins produced by bacteria.

  Furthermore, natural enemy viruses that can be used in the present invention include granulovirus (GV), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (Cypovirus) (Cypovirus) of the genus Baculovirus. And insecticidal viruses such as CPV). Among these, granule virus (GV) effective for controlling Chamonaki (Homona magnanima) and Chanokakumonmonami (Adoxophys honmai) is preferable. Also, bactericidal or growth-inhibiting viruses can be used, and examples thereof include a zucchini macular mosaic virus attenuated strain. As these natural enemy viruses, the above-mentioned virus embedding bodies can be used directly, or an embedding body fluid roughly purified from a diseased dead body can be used. Therefore, in this specification, “natural enemy viruses” are used. The word is a collective term for these.

  The natural enemy filamentous fungus, natural enemy bacteria, and natural enemy virus described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the type of pest to be controlled.

  In the present invention, the reduced starch saccharified product used in combination with the natural enemy microorganism is produced, for example, by liquefying starch with α-amylase or acid and then partially hydrolyzing with an enzyme such as β-amylase. The saccharified solution produced by catalytic reduction under hydrogen pressure by a method known per se can be mentioned, but is not limited to this, and one produced by microbial fermentation or the like should be used. You can also. In addition, as the reduced starch saccharified product, those that are generally marketed for food use under the name of reduced starch saccharified product or reduced maltose starch syrup can be used. Specifically, for example, Mitsubishi Shoji Foodtech Co., Ltd. Examples thereof include PO-10, PO-20, PO-30, PO-40, and amalty syrup (all are trade names).

  The above-mentioned PO-10, which is one of the reduced starch saccharified products that can be suitably used in the present invention, is a dextrose equivalent reduced to less than 12 dextrin, and its sugar composition is generally sorbitol 0.1. ˜2% by weight, hydrogenated disaccharide 0.1 to 5% by weight, hydrogenated trisaccharide 0.15% by weight, hydrogenated polyol having a polymerization degree (DP) of 20 or more, 50 to 80% by weight, and the remaining degree of polymerization 4 -19 hydrogenated polyol, and the above PO-30 is obtained by reducing a starch saccharified product consisting of monosaccharide, disaccharide and oligosaccharide, and its sugar composition is generally 3 to 6% by weight of sorbitol, The hydrogenated disaccharide is 13 to 19% by weight, the hydrogenated trisaccharide is 14 to 19% by weight, and the hydrogenated polyol having a polymerization degree (DP) of 4 or more is 60 to 66% by weight.

  Further, the above-mentioned amalty syrup, which is also referred to as reduced maltose starch syrup, which is a reduced starch saccharified product that can be suitably used in the present invention, is obtained by reducing commercially available maltose starch syrup, and its sugar composition is generally 1 to 4% by weight of sorbitol, 75 to 80% by weight of hydrogenated disaccharide, 10 to 17% by weight of hydrogenated trisaccharide, and 6 to 12% by weight of hydrogenated polyol having a degree of polymerization (DP) of 4 or more.

  In the present invention, a natural enemy microorganism selected from natural enemy filamentous fungus, natural enemy bacteria and natural enemy virus and a reduced starch saccharified product can be premixed and formulated as a mixture, or the natural enemy microorganism and reduced starch saccharified product can be separately prepared. It can be formulated as a single agent, diluted with water as needed at the time of use, mixed and applied, or each can be applied sequentially without mixing.

Natural enemy microorganisms and reduced starch saccharified products can also be used as pest control agents as they are without using a formulation auxiliary agent. However, normally, natural enemy microorganisms and / or reduced starch saccharified products are further added to surfactants. , Other formulation adjuvants, oils, emulsions,
It is preferable to use it as a pest control agent after it is formulated into a wettable powder, granular wettable powder, flowable agent such as suspension in water / emulsion in water, powder, granule, microcapsule and the like. The concentration of the active ingredient in these preparations varies depending on the dosage form, but can generally be in the range of about 0.01 to about 95% by weight.

In addition, the relative proportion of natural enemy microorganisms and reduced starch saccharified product in the pest control agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but generally, natural enemy fungi are as spores for 100 parts by weight of reduced starch saccharified product, Within the range of 1.7 × 10 ^{10 to} 1.1 × 10 ¹⁵ , preferably 1.8 × 10 ^{12 to} 5.3 × 10 ¹⁴ , natural enemy bacteria are 0.1% as live spores and produced crystal toxins. ~ 66 parts by weight, preferably 1 ~ 33 parts by weight, natural enemy virus is 8.3 × 10 ^{4 to} 3.3 × 10 ¹¹ as an embedded body, preferably 1.0 × 10 ^{6 to} 2.2 × A range of 10 ¹¹ is appropriate.

  Examples of the surfactant include alkylbenzene sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, lignin sulfonate, polystyrene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate salt, fatty acid salt, and isobutylene-maleic acid copolymer salt. Anionic surfactants such as polycarboxylic acid metal salts, styrene-maleic acid copolymer salts and polyacrylates; silicone surfactants, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers -Nonionic surfactants such as tellurium, polyoxyethylene styrylphenyl ether polymer, polyoxyethylene alkylamine; and cationic surfactants such as alkylamine salts, tetraalkylammonium salts, and trialkylbenzylammonium salts . Moreover, an amphoteric surfactant etc. can also be used as needed.

  Examples of the other formulation adjuvants include, for example, antifoaming agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, stabilizers, antifreezing agents, humectants, wetting agents, suspending agents, spreading agents, antibacterial and antifungal agents, water Etc.

  As the preparation form of the pest control agent of the present invention, a flowable agent such as a suspension in water and an emulsion in water is particularly preferable. This flowable agent such as a suspension in water / emulsion in water contains, for example, 5 to 30% by weight of a surfactant and a supplement for formulation (20% to 90% by weight of the total amount of natural enemy microorganisms and reduced starch saccharified product). For example, it can be prepared by adding 1 to 20% by weight of an antifoaming agent, an antifreezing agent, a humectant, water, etc.) and dispersing in water.

  In addition, the pest control agent of the present invention is prepared by using a commercially available natural enemy filamentous fungus product, natural enemy bacterial product, natural enemy virus product and / or reduced starch saccharified product and mixing them in advance or at the time of use. Also good. Examples of commercially available products that can be used include Botanigard ES (Arista Life Science Co., Ltd., registered trademark), Zentari granule wettable powder (Arista Life Science Co., Ltd., registered trademark), and Makaki Natural enemy (Arista Life Science Co., Ltd.). , Registered trademark), Ecopita liquid (Kyotomo Agri Co., Ltd., registered trademark) and the like.

  According to the present invention, pests can be controlled by applying at least one natural enemy microorganism selected from natural enemy filamentous fungus, natural enemy bacteria and natural enemy virus and reduced starch saccharified product to the harmful organism or its habitat. it can. At that time, it is convenient to apply the natural enemy microorganism and the reduced starch saccharified product after appropriately diluting with water. The application concentration and the application amount can be varied over a wide range depending on conditions such as the type of pests to be controlled, the growth stage of the pests, and weather conditions.

In the case of natural enemy filamentous fungi, the application concentration is generally 1.6 × 10 ^{4 to} 3.2 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml, preferably 1.6 × 10 ^{6 to} 3.2 × 10 ⁸ cells / ml. In the range of ml, in the case of natural enemy bacteria, as live spores and produced crystal toxins, generally 1 to 5000 ppm, preferably 5
In the range of ~ 1000 ppm, in the case of natural enemy virus, as an embedded body, generally 5.0 × 10 ^{2 to} 1.0 × 10 ¹⁰ pieces / ml, preferably 5.0 × 10 ^{4 to} 1.0 × 10 ⁷ pieces The reduced starch saccharified product can be applied at a concentration of generally 50 to 100,000 ppm, preferably 300 to 60,000 ppm.

The application rate is generally 1.6 × 10 ⁸ to 1.6 × 10 ¹⁵ cells / ml, preferably 1.6 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1.6 as the number of spores in the case of natural enemy filamentous fungi per are. × 10 ¹³ cells / ml, in the case of natural enemy bacteria, generally 0.01 to 200 g, preferably 0.05 to 50 g, as live spores and produced crystal toxins, and in the case of natural enemy viruses, generally 5.0 × 10 ^{5 to} 5.0 × 10 ¹⁴ pcs / ml, preferably 5.0 × 10 ^{7 to} 5.0 × 10 ¹¹ pcs / ml, and the reduced starch saccharified product is generally 1 to It can be 10,000 g, preferably 3 to 3000 g.

  In the present invention, the natural enemy microorganisms and reduced starch saccharified product are sprayed onto pests, pest habitats, plants to be protected from pests using sprayers such as power sprayers, shoulder sprayers, and hand sprayers as necessary. Can be done. In application, other insecticides, acaricides, fertilizers, fungicides, plant growth regulators and the like that do not substantially adversely affect natural enemy microorganisms can be used in combination.

  Examples of target pests that can be controlled using the pest control agent of the present invention include mite-type pests such as spider mites (acarid mites, apple spider mites, urticae mites, kanzawa spider mites, etc.), mite mites (acarid mites, tomato spider mites, etc.) Hemiptera pests such as whiteflies (such as whitefly whitefly, silver leaf whitefly, tobacco whitefly), aphids (such as cotton aphids, peach aphids), stink bugs (such as the chamomilea and the stink bugs); Pests of the order Lepidopterous insects such as Coleoptera (Lepidoptera, Tephritidae); Lepidopterous insects, such as Coleoptera, Coleoptera, etc .; Parting etc.) Coleoptera pests such as and the like. Examples of plant pathogens that can be controlled include powdery mildew (cucumber, watermelon, parsley, strawberry, etc.), gray mold (cucumber, grape, grape), rust (wheat, leek), etc. It is done.

  Examples of plants to be protected from these pests and phytopathogenic fungi include fruit trees such as mandarin oranges, apples, pears, peaches, grapes, figs and sugar beet; tea; sugar beet such as eggplant, cucumber, tomato, spinach, cabbage and parsley Fruit and vegetables such as strawberries, melons and watermelons; flower trees such as roses, chrysanthemums, carnations, cherry blossoms and camellia; ornamental plants such as begonia.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a test example demonstrate this invention further more concretely, this invention is not limited only to these Examples and a test example.

Example 1
Reduced starch saccharified product PO-30 (solid content concentration 70%) 85.71% by weight, dialkyl sulfosuccinate ester salt / propylene glycol / water combination product 2.50% by weight, alkyl polyglycoside 3.0% by weight, coconut fatty acid A flowable agent is obtained by mixing and dispersing Boberia Bassiana at a ratio of 1.6 × 10 ¹⁰ spores to 1 g of a mixture of 0.5% by weight and 8.29% by weight of water.

Example 2
Reduced starch saccharified product PO-30 (solid content concentration 70%) 85.71% by weight, dialkyl sulfosuccinate ester salt / propylene glycol / water mixture 2.50% by weight, palm fatty acid 0.5% by weight and water 11. A flowable agent is obtained by mixing and dispersing Boberia Bassiana at a ratio of 1.6 × 10 ¹⁰ spores to 1 g of a 29% by weight mixture.

Example 3
Reduced starch saccharified product PO-30 (solid content concentration: 70%) 85.71% by weight, dialkyl sulfosuccinate ester salt / propylene glycol / water combination product 2.5% by weight, alkyl polyglycoside 3.0% by weight, glycerin 2 A flowable agent is obtained by mixing and dispersing at a ratio of 1.6 × 10 ¹⁰ spores of Boberia Bassiana to 1 g of a mixture of 0.5% by weight, 0.5% by weight of coconut fatty acid and 5.79% by weight of water.

Test example 1
About 150 ml of each reagent supply shown in Table 1 below was sprayed per ward using a dry cell type sprayer on the peach aphid naturally occurring in the pot planted eggplant in the acrylic house (1 ward 1 pot 3 Regime). The number of adult peach aphid larvae was examined on 5 leaves marked just before spraying and 4, 7 and 14 days after spraying. The results are also shown in Table 1.

The following reagents were used.
A: Solution containing 60% by weight of reduced starch saccharified product (Kyotomo Agri Co., Ltd., Ecopita Solution)
B: Emulsion containing 1.6 × 10 ¹⁰ beauberia bassiana spores / ml (
Arita Life Science Co., Ltd., Botaniguard ES).

  As is clear from Table 1 above, according to the present invention, when Boberia bassiana, which is a natural enemy filamentous fungus, and reduced starch saccharified product are used in combination (Example 1), each control agent alone (A or B) is used. Was effective in controlling peach aphid, and a sufficient control effect was observed even at low doses.

Test example 2
About 150 ml of each reagent supply shown in Table 2 below was sprayed on the white fly that had naturally occurred in the pot-planted eggplant in the acrylic house using a dry cell type sprayer (one pot, one pot, three continuous systems) ). The number of whitefly white larvae was examined on 5 leaves marked immediately before spraying and 4, 7 and 14 days after spraying. The results are shown in Table 2. The reagent reagent and the concentration are the same as in Test Example 1.

  As apparent from Table 2 above, according to the present invention, when Boberia bassiana, which is a natural enemy filamentous fungus, and reduced starch saccharified are used in combination (Example 1), when each control agent is used alone (A Or compared with B), it was extremely effective for controlling white lice from immediately after spraying to 14 days after spraying, and a high control effect was observed even at low doses.

Claims (6)

  A pest control agent comprising a combination of at least one natural enemy microorganism selected from natural enemy filamentous fungi, natural enemy bacteria and natural enemy viruses, and reduced starch saccharified product.   The pest control agent according to claim 1, wherein the natural enemy filamentous fungus is an insecticidal filamentous fungus.   The pest control agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the natural enemy filamentous fungus is Beauveria bassiana.   A pest control method comprising applying at least one natural enemy microorganism selected from natural enemy filamentous fungus, natural enemy bacteria and natural enemy virus and a reduced starch saccharified product to a pest or a habitat thereof. The method for controlling pests according to claim 4, wherein the method is applied by diluting the natural enemy fungi with water so that the number of spores is 1.6 × 10 ^{6 to} 3.2 × 10 ⁸ cells / ml. .   The method for controlling pests according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the reduced starch saccharified product is diluted with water so as to have a concentration within a range of 300 to 60000 ppm.