JP4964673B2 - Improvement of fruit coloring and prevention of fruit ripening - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for improving fruit coloring and preventing fruit ripening in grape cultivation.
That is, the present invention relates to a method for preventing fruit ripening that tends to occur in the first and middle stages of fruit ripening in Fujimine trees, in order to improve the coloration of fruits in Pione trees and Fujiki trees.

  In general, magnesium is an essential element for fruit tree growth and fruit production, but it is not clear what effect will occur if this element is given in excess. In the warmer southwestern part of Japan, maturity is improved by applying physiological stress to trees given that heavy rain in June and July causes excessive growth of leaves and leaves and adversely affects fruit maturity. It is possible that

By the way, in Non-Patent Document 1, the industrially produced magnesium chloride and bittern composition liquid is given to the muscat of Alexandria tree and Olympia tree in the maturity stage, and the effect on the fruit maturation is examined. Has been reported.
According to this non-patent document, the present inventors have already adjusted the magnesium concentration to be 50 times and 100 times that of normal liquid fertilizer and gave it to Muscat of Alexandria tree. It was also found that coloring can be promoted 50 times in the Olympia tree, which is a red grape.

J.ASEV Jpn. Vol.16, No.3, pp.140-141 (2005)

As described above, conventionally, when a large amount of magnesium chloride or “bitter liquor” is applied to vines, there is a known tendency for aroma components to increase in Muscat trees and to improve coloration in Pione trees. However, in the present invention, 1) What kind of magnesium agent is applied in order to stably improve fruit growth in the agricultural field, 2) Which growth stage is most effective at the beginning of growth, and 3) It is also effective if given as a solid magnesium agent, not mixed, and 4) If magnesium is applied to the same tree for 2 consecutive years, magnesium will not accumulate in harmful levels, and 5) at the mature stage It was an issue to verify whether there was a possibility of being effective in measures to prevent the ripening of Fuji Kazuki, who frequently produces berries.
At this time, it was made into the subject also to examine the influence at the time of using the component containing magnesium and calcium obtained from seawater, deep sea water, or its concentrated water as a magnesium component.

The present invention basically has the following configuration.
Bittern from deep sea water, and applied to the soil of the vineyard grape varieties mature metaphase from Yohate life and magnesium chloride and / or active ingredients magnesium sulfate is Pione tree, or Fujiminori trees, fruit maturation A fruit fruit quality improving agent for soil fertilization, which promotes and improves the coloration to prevent fruit coloring and cracking .

As the water-soluble magnesium component and calcium component used in the present invention, those obtained from ore or the like can be used, but those obtained by concentrating seawater are preferably used.
In general, a concentrated solution and bitter juice obtained by desalinating seawater contains trace mineral components in addition to magnesium and calcium. Therefore, in the present invention, these concentrated water and bitter juice are appropriately dissolved in water and used. It is good.

  Deep-sea water has been drawn up in various locations in Japan since 1989, when pumping was started for the first time in Japan at Cape Muroto, Kochi Prefecture, by a land-type deep water intake facility. It is widely known that deep ocean water has characteristics such as eutrophication, cleanliness, and low-temperature stability, and in recent years, product development using deep ocean water has been actively conducted. In addition, a balanced supply of minerals, focusing on the fact that it can be easily consumed as drinking water in everyday life by using deep ocean water that is rich in nutrients, contains a lot of minerals, and has a lower raw material price than pharmaceuticals. Since the importance as a source has also increased, intensive research has also been conducted on the effects of deep-sea water components on plant growth from this point of view, and in particular, the possibility of application to fruit production. However, the results are not always satisfactory.

In the present invention, by actually applying a magnesium component to each tree and examining it, it was possible to establish a growth condition of the tree that is effective for stable fruit growth and confirm the effect.
In the present invention, in order to stably improve fruit growth in the agricultural field, what kind of magnesium component is most effective when it is started at which growth stage, solid magnesium instead of mixing with liquid fertilizer It is effective even if given as an ingredient, and magnesium does not accumulate at a harmful level in the soil even if applied to the same tree for 2 consecutive years. As a result of verifying the possibility of being effective, it was found that a magnesium component was applied to vineyard soil to improve fruit ripening and to improve fruit coloring and prevent fruit ripening.

According to the present invention, in either Fujiki or Pione trees, when a large amount of magnesium chloride, bittern liquor or deep-sea water-derived magnesium chloride is given, the coloration of the fruit is improved. Giving a large amount of magnesium effectively improves fruit ripening.
On the other hand, in Fuji Yuki, it is a major problem in cultivation that fruit is likely to be ripened in the first and middle stages of fruit ripening, but as a result of the present invention, the pione tree and / or Fuji Yuki tree is in the middle to mature stage. It showed a tendency to increase the tear resistance of persimmon skin by applying a magnesium component. This is expected to reduce cracking by administration of bittern liquor or magnesium chloride derived from deep sea water even in bad weather (heavy rain or continuous rainfall) at that time.
Even when a large amount of magnesium agent having the above effect is administered, there is no tendency to accumulate particularly large amounts of magnesium and chlorine in the soil, and at least it has no harmful effect on the growth and fruit quality of vines. Judged not.
As described above, it was confirmed that the administration of the magnesium agent in the present invention to the vineyard only had a positive effect on the fruit quality, and no negative effect including soil chemistry occurred. Moreover, the same effect can be obtained when applied to nuclear fruits such as peaches.

〔Example〕
Hereinafter, a method of applying a large amount of magnesium to the vineyard soil of the present invention to improve fruit coloration and improving fruit coloration and preventing fruit ripening will be specifically described by way of examples. It is not limited to.

[Confirmation of the effect of "Nigiri liquid" application time on pione tree]
We used 21 7-year-old Pione trees that have been cultivated in the rain-proof house.
As the bittern liquid, seawater was removed from sodium chloride and the Mg concentration was adjusted to contain 950 mg / 100 ml of Mg.
Normal seedless fruit processing: perform (first GA (gibberellic acid) 25 ppm, 2 round GA25ppm), fruit set level was adjusted to leaf area 1 m ² / fruit 1 kg.
Add 464 ml of bittern liquor (shigari bitter gourd) once every two weeks to general liquid fertilizer (Otsuka liquid fertilizer No. 1 + 2; N = 60 ppm included; 5 L / tree) given once a week (Mg concentration is normal liquid fertilizer) (Enhanced to 900 ppm). This bittern application process
A. 4 times from June 5 to the early maturity (July 17)
B. 4 times from July 3rd to mid-mature (15th August)
C. 3 wards given 4 times from August 1 of the maturity start to harvest (September 7)
D. Untreated section. Five trees were used in each ward.
Six fruit bunches of average size and color are collected from each tree during the harvest period, 10 fruit berries are sampled from each fruit bun, coloring degree (according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Color Chart), grain weight, sugar content of fruit juice, titrated acid , PH, and anthocyanin content of pericarp were measured.
As a result, as shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1, the size of the fruit was smaller in the administration group from June compared to the non-administration group, but the coloring and sugar content were from June and July. The administration group was higher. There was no difference in acid content.
From this, the administration of bittern juice to Pione tree is remarkable when it is carried out from June, and it does not have much effect on the enlargement of the grain, but it is clearly positive for maturation.

The alphabet in the table is for identifying the significant difference test.
Indicates that there is a significant difference between numerical values that do not have the same alphabet.

[Confirmation of the effect of application of bittern solution containing calcium or magnesium sulfate on the pione tree]
The same as in Example 1 except that the “bittern solution” for the pione tree in Example 1 is changed to bittern solution containing calcium (Mg 1000 mg / 100 ml and Ca 330 mg / 100 ml) or magnesium sulfate (Mg 9.7 g / 100 g). The examination was conducted under the conditions of
As a result, even when the bittern solution containing calcium and magnesium sulfate were applied, the same result as that obtained when the “bittern solution” was applied was obtained.

[Confirmation of the influence of magnesium chloride on Fujiki]
Using an 8th-year-old Satoshi Fujiki (H-shaped branch, main branch length 4m) of the economic garden (rain prevention house), in the range of 2x2m of the stock,
360 g of magnesium chloride agent (Soft Wafer C)
A. Three times from June 15th to mid-mature (August 5th)
B. Three wards to give from July 10 in early maturity to late maturity (August 15),
C. Three districts without treatment. In addition to examining the coloration of the skin over time from the middle maturity, we sampled 3 fruits from the average 3 fruit bunches in each section and measured the tensile strength of the equator skin (5 × 5m) with a Tensilon measuring device. did. In the harvest period (August 21), 4 fruit bunches were collected from each section, and the degree of coloring (according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries color chart), grain weight, sugar content of juice, titrated acid, pH, amino acids, and anthocyanin content of the peel were measured. . From the peel peeled by hand, a section of the equator portion of the fruit granule of 5 × 5 mm was FAA-fixed, and as a paraffin section by a conventional method, stained with Alcian blue, and then encapsulated with a cover glass using a patch (Eukit). The preparation was photographed under a microscope, and the epidermis, subepidermis, and total thickness were measured on a monitor screen.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 2 and Table 2, when it was administered to Fuji Yuki from June, the ripening of the fruits progressed and it was harvested one week earlier than the other sections. At this point, the fruit grains were smaller than the July administration group and the non-administration group, but the coloring and sugar content were the highest. However, as shown in Table 3, the amino acid content was generally lower in the magnesium agent-treated section. When the untreated area was harvested after 1 week, the coloration and sugar content were slightly improved, but tended to be inferior to the fruit of the applied area from June.
On the other hand, as a result of measuring the strength (tensile resistance) of the peel, it was found that the peel strength at the early and middle stages where tears are likely to occur tends to be stronger in the magnesium chloride-treated group than in the non-treated group ( Table 4). As a result of observing the thickness of the pericarp under a microscope (FIG. 3), the subepidermis was slightly thicker in the administration group from June, and the thickness of the skin peeled off by hand was also thicker (Table 5).

The alphabet in the table is for identifying the significant difference test.
Indicates that there is a significant difference between numerical values that do not have the same alphabet.

The alphabet in the table is for identifying the significant difference test.
Indicates that there is a significant difference between numerical values that do not have the same alphabet.

As a result of the above confirmation test, it was confirmed that administration of magnesium chloride to Fuji Yuki had a clear effect on the improvement and promotion of fruit maturation when it was conducted from June. However, there were few amino acids having a positive effect on the taste, such as alanine and arginine which are sweet amino acids, and glutamic acid which is an umami component in this treatment group.
However, this difference in level does not have a clear influence on the taste, but the positive effect due to the high sugar content is considered to have a greater effect.
In the treatment area, the skin became thicker and the strength against pulling increased, so it is considered to be highly resistant to ripening that is likely to occur in the case of heavy rain in the middle stage of maturity.

[Confirmation of effect of continuous application of bittern juice on pione tree]
An 8 year-old Pione tree (H-shaped branch, main branch length 4 m) that was treated with "garlic liquid" in 2005 in an economic garden (partial cover), bitten once every three weeks from July 10 in the early maturity 11 L (Mg; 104.5 g) of the solution was dissolved in 120 L of water and given a total of 3 times. Only the same amount of water was given to the control group that was not administered in the previous year.
At harvest time (September 7), an average of 4 fruit bunches are collected from each tree, and the coloring, grain weight, sugar content of juice, titrated acid, pH, amino acid, and anthocyanin content of the peel are measured by the MAFF color chart. did.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 4 and Table 6, in the trees to which the bittern solution was administered since 2005, the coloration and sugar content of the granules were superior and the acid decrease tended to be faster than the untreated trees.
However, as shown in Table 3, the content of amino acids in the application group was lower than that in the non-application group, as in the case of Fuji Yuki. The effect of this low amino acid on taste is not clear as described above.
In any case, the effectiveness of the magnesium agent of the present invention is clear since an accelerating effect on fruit ripening, especially coloring, was obtained for two consecutive years.

The alphabet in the table is for identifying the significant difference test.
Indicates that there is a significant difference between numerical values that do not have the same alphabet.

[Confirmation of the influence of magnesium chloride and bittern solution on soil chemistry]
The pione tree which continuously applied the bittern liquor of Example 1 for 2 years and the cultivation soil (depth 5 cm and 20 cm) of Fuji Kashiwagi where the magnesium chloride agent of Example 3 was applied three times from June or July, Sampling three times from the early maturity to the harvest period, and measuring the pH (exudate with an equal amount of water) and EC (electric conductivity: 5 times the amount of exudate of water) of raw soil, as well as chlorine, potash, Calcium, magnesium, manganese and nitrate N were measured.
As a result, as shown in Table 7, the pione tree soil to which the bittern solution was administered for two consecutive years was not much different from the non-administration zone, except that the Cl concentration of the topsoil was slightly higher in April this year. Magnesium concentration was only slightly accumulated in September of the second year.
However, none of them reached the harmful concentration and there is no problem.
In addition, as for the soil of Fuji Yuki, to which magnesium chloride was applied from June or July, accumulation of chlorine and magnesium was observed in the June start zone as shown in Table 8. However, the harmful concentration of chlorine is 0.07%, which is about one-tenth of that, and there is no problem.
The reason why no significant accumulation of magnesium and chlorine was observed despite administration of a considerably large amount of magnesium chloride is considered that these components were easily washed away by water such as irrigation. Since there is no problem even if it is continued for 2 years, it is presumed that there will be no problem even if it is applied for many years if it is this amount of magnesium chloride.

[Conclusion of Examples 1 to 5]
Vineyards have improved coloration of the fruit when given either magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, or bittern liquid in either Fuji Itsuki (tested in one garden) or Pione tree (tested in two gardens). It is judged that a large amount of magnesium applied to soil has an effect of improving fruit ripening. Although its plant physiological mechanism is unknown, it is presumed that it exerts a moderate stress effect on the roots.
On the other hand, in Fuji Yuki, the fact that fruit tends to occur in the first and middle stages of fruit ripening is a major problem in cultivation, but as a result of this test, administration of bittern liquid has the ability to break the peel of Fuji Yuki. Showed a tendency to increase. This is expected to reduce cracking by administration of bittern liquid even in the case of bad weather (heavy rain or continuous rainfall) at that time.
Even when a large amount of magnesium agent having the above effect is administered, there is no tendency to accumulate particularly large amounts of magnesium and chlorine in the soil, and at least it has no harmful effect on the growth and fruit quality of vines. Judged not.
From the above, administration of this magnesium preparation to vineyards has a positive effect on fruit quality, but negative effects, including soil chemistry, do not occur.

[Confirmation of use effect of magnesium chloride derived from deep sea water]
Examination of application using magnesium chloride derived from deep ocean water in place of the magnesium chloride agent applied to the pione tree in Example 1 and the Fuji tree in Example 3 was conducted. Example 1 and Example The same conclusion as 3 was obtained.

[Effect of continuous application of bittern liquor derived from deep ocean water]
As a result of examining the effect of continuous application similar to that in Example 4 using magnesium chloride derived from deep sea water instead of “bitter liquor” in Example 4, the same result as “bitter liquor” was obtained.

[Effect of magnesium chloride derived from deep sea water on soil chemistry]
In the same manner as in Example 5 using magnesium chloride derived from deep sea water in place of “boiled liquor” and magnesium chloride agent, the effect of application on soil chemistry was investigated. As a result, the same conclusions as those of “bittern solution” and magnesium chloride in Example 5 were obtained.

[Effects of timing of magnesium sulfate from deep ocean water]
Examination of the application of the same amount of magnesium sulfate derived from deep sea water in place of the magnesium chloride applied to the pione tree in Example 1 and the Fujimine tree in Example 3 revealed that Example 1, Example 3 and The same conclusion as in Example 6 was obtained.

[Conclusion of Examples 5 to 9]
Application of magnesium chloride derived from deep ocean water to pione and fuji trees improved the coloration of the fruit. It is judged to have an effect of improving the quality.
In addition, administration of magnesium chloride solution derived from deep ocean water tended to increase the tear resistance of the persimmon skin of Fujisaki tree. This means that even in the case of bad weather at that time (heavy rain or continuous rainfall), administration of the present magnesium chloride is expected to reduce crushing as in the case of the bittern solution.
Even when a large amount of magnesium chloride derived from deep ocean water having the above effects is administered, there is no tendency to accumulate particularly large amounts of magnesium and chlorine in the soil as in the case of “garlic liquid” and magnesium chloride. There are no harmful effects on tree growth or fruit quality.
From the above, administration of magnesium component to the vineyard has a positive effect on fruit quality, but it is considered that there is no negative effect including soil chemistry.

Start time of bittern juice and fruit bunches of Pione tree (harvest time) Magnesium chloride (starting in June, starting in July) Cross-sectional structure of skin Pione fruit bunch (harvest season)

Claims (1)

Bittern from deep sea water, and applied to the soil of the vineyard grape varieties mature metaphase from Yohate life and magnesium chloride and / or active ingredients magnesium sulfate is Pione tree, or Fujiminori trees, fruit maturation A fruit fruit quality improving agent for soil fertilization, which promotes and improves the coloration to prevent fruit coloring and cracking .