JP4360931B2 - Longevity improver containing choline salt and brown algae extract - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shelf life improving agent that improves fruit quality.

Choline salt has been conventionally used as a plant growth promoter for promoting the enlargement of garlic, coloring and improving sugar content of sweet potatoes, and promoting the enlargement of peaches. In addition, choline salts are known to have an effect of inhibiting the ripening of fruits for peanuts, but the degree thereof is not sufficient, and for other fruits, etc., they are essentially plant growth promoters. Therefore, the effect of suppressing the decrease in fruit hardness due to over-ripening is not known.
On the other hand, brown algae extract extracted from brown algae using a hydrophilic solvent is known as a nitrate nitrogen concentration reducing agent that reduces the nitrate nitrogen concentration of the crop to be harvested without reducing the fertilizer of the nitrogenous fertilizer. There is (for example, Patent Document 1). According to Patent Document 1, the effect of increasing the sugar content of harvested crops and improving the texture and taste is explained by using a nitrate nitrogen concentration reducing agent together with a conventional fertilizer of nitrogen-based fertilizer. .
However, as described above, the plant growth promoter usually promotes the ripening of the fruit, and when the choline salt and the brown algal extract are used alone, the action of suppressing the ripening of the fruit is Not known, except for certain fruits, so far, it does not reduce fruit ripening, especially fruit hardness, and enhances fruit quality such as fruit sugar content, fruit color improvement, fruit weight etc. Was not known.

Patent Publication No. 2793583

  The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that choline salt and brown algae extract are not used when used alone, respectively, by using a choline salt and brown algae extract having a plant growth promoting action together. It was found that an effect can be obtained. That is, it has been found that the combined use of choline salt and brown algae extract can significantly improve the fruit quality such as sugar content, fruit skin tone improvement, fruit weight, etc., while synergistically greatly suppressing fruit softening. The present invention has been made based on such novel findings.

That is, the present invention relates to a shelf life improving agent containing a choline salt and a hydrophilic solvent extract of brown algae as active ingredients.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The shelf life improving agent of the present invention contains a choline salt and a brown algal extract as active ingredients.
The choline salt used in the shelf life improving agent of the present invention may be an inorganic acid salt or an organic acid salt. Preferable representative examples of the inorganic salt of choline include, for example, hydrochloride, phosphate, polyphosphate, sulfate, nitrate, silicate, borate, carbonate and the like. These choline salts are readily available on the market by those skilled in the art. Preferable representative examples of the organic acid salt of choline include, for example, formate, acetate, propionate, lactate, tartrate, citrate and the like. These choline salts may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. In particular, hydrochloride (choline chloride), phosphate, and acetate are most preferable. The physical properties of some choline salts are exemplified below.

Choline salt product of
Choline chloride 75% aqueous solution Specific gravity 1.095 (25 ℃) pH7.0
Choline phosphate Melting point 200 ~ 205 ° C
Choline bitartrate mp 149-153 ° C
(Tartrate)
Choline dihydrogen citrate melting point 105 ~ 107.5 ℃
(Citrate)
The choline salt is suitably used in an amount of, for example, 1 to 50% by mass, preferably 3 to 25% by mass, based on the mass of the shelf life improving agent of the present invention.

The brown algae used for preparing the brown algae extract used in the present invention may be of any kind as long as it is a plant species belonging to the brown algae. Preferable examples of brown algae include kombu, kajime, wakame, arame, hijiki, hondawala, lessonia, dabilia, echronia and the like. Among these, it is preferable to use lessonia as brown algae.
As the hydrophilic solvent used when preparing the brown algal extract used in the present invention, a neutral hydrophilic solvent is suitable. Examples of such a hydrophilic solvent include water, monovalent alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, and amyl alcohol, glycerin, polyvalents such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and 1,3-butylene glycol. Examples include alcohols, acetonylmethanol, acetone, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and the like. A hydrophilic solvent may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.

The brown algae extract is prepared by extracting brown algae with a hydrophilic solvent. Although the extraction method is not particularly limited, for example, a typical method is preferably extracting brown algae in a hydrophilic solvent. The extraction temperature is suitably from room temperature to, for example, 60 ° C., preferably 25 to 50 ° C.
The hydrophilic solvent is suitably used in an amount of, for example, 1 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 3 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the brown algae.
In the extraction, it is preferable to subdivide brown algae in order to increase extraction efficiency. Moreover, after extraction, the brown algae are separated from the hydrophilic solvent. Separation can be easily performed by, for example, filtration, centrifugation, or the like.
The obtained brown algae extract can be used as it is, but the hydrophilic solvent may be distilled off in order to increase the concentration of the extract. In particular, when the hydrophilic solvent is water, it can be used as it is.

  In the shelf life improver of the present invention, the combination ratio of choline salt and brown algae extract is the type of choline salt and brown algae extract used, the type of shelf life improver, the type of target cultivated plant In general, it is appropriate that the brown algae extract is 0.5 to 200 times by mass, preferably 1 to 50 times by mass with respect to the mass of the choline salt. When one side is too much or too little than the other, the synergistic action of both agents by the combined use of choline salt and brown algae extract cannot be expected.

  The shelf life improver of the present invention is preferably used as a wettable powder or liquid, but can also be used as an emulsion, powder, granule, tablet or the like. These preparations are prepared by a conventional method. For example, the wettable powder and powder are prepared by mixing a choline salt and brown algae extract, for example, a bulking agent such as talc, bentonite, and clay, a spreading agent, and various auxiliary agents as desired. The liquid preparation is prepared by dissolving the spreading agent in water together with the choline salt and brown algae extract. These preparations are usually prepared in advance in, for example, a factory or a work place, but may be prepared, for example, immediately before application in a field. In addition, each of the choline salt and the brown algae extract can be separately formulated as described above, diluted with water at the time of use, mixed and used.

  The concentrations of the choline salt and brown algae extract in the shelf life improving agent of the present invention are not particularly limited, but in general field spraying, for example, in the case of a liquid or emulsion for foliar spraying, usually, The concentration of the choline salt is preferably 5 to 600 mg / L, preferably 20 to 300 mg / L in terms of choline chloride, and the dilution rate of the brown algae extract is generally 200 to 2000 times, preferably 300 to 1000 times is appropriate.

  If the concentrations of the choline salt and brown algal extract as active ingredients are too low in the shelf life improver of the present invention, it is necessary to use a large amount of the preparation, which is inconvenient for transportation and spraying. On the other hand, if the amount of the preparation is reduced for the purpose of facilitating transportation, spraying, etc., the expected effect of promoting plant growth tends not to be exhibited. On the other hand, if the concentration of these active ingredients is too high, it will be difficult to evenly spread the shelf life improving agent of the present invention, and depending on the amount of spraying, the risk of occurrence of phytotoxicity tends to increase. However, the risk of phytotoxicity caused by uneven spraying due to the formulation being too high is avoided by spraying with a microsprayer such as a microsprayer using high pressure and a microsprayer using a sprayer. can do. Therefore, in the case of spraying with a microdispersing device, the concentration of these active ingredients can be about 10 times or more of the above.

  Various surfactants are used as spreading agents and emulsifiers. As a suitable representative example of the surfactant, for example, as the nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ester, polyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester, sorbitan alkyl ester, etc. Preferred examples of the anionic surfactant include alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate, and aryl sulfonate, and examples of the cationic surfactant include laurylamine. And alkylmethyldihydroxyethylammonium salt, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, polyoxyethylene Such as alkylamines are suitably Examples of the amphoteric surface active agent, and lauryl betaine, stearyl betaine, etc. imidazolinium betaine is preferably used. Surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Preferable representative examples of the adjuvant include polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, gum arabic, polyvinyl acetate, gelatin, casein, sodium alginate, and tragacanth gum. Furthermore, the shelf life improving agent of the present invention may be mixed with liquid fertilizer, bactericides, preservatives (eg, acetic acid, etc.), insecticides, herbicides, etc., or may be used in combination without mixing.
The shelf life improving agent of the present invention can be suitably applied to, for example, fruit trees such as apples, mandarin oranges, oysters, none, peas, and peaches, and sugar beets such as strawberry, melon, watermelon, and tomato.

The application time of the shelf life improving agent of the present invention may vary depending on the type and area of the cultivated plant to be applied. For example, in the case of fruit trees such as mandarin oranges, apples, oysters, and none, it is generally immediately after falling. Preferably, the period from the juvenile stage to the harvest period is suitable. In particular, when it is used for the purpose of improving the quality and shelf life of peas, it is preferably sprayed once to 5 times on the foliage from June to July. It is preferable that the interval between each application is substantially equal.
The choline salt and brown algae extract may be formulated separately and then applied separately. In this case, it is preferable to apply both agents substantially simultaneously, but each agent can also be applied at intervals. In the latter case, the subsequent second preparation should be applied while the first preparation applied first remains, but the period during which the first preparation remains may vary depending on the weather and the like. Therefore, in order to ensure the synergistic effect due to the combined use of both agents, the interval between each agent application is limited to about 2 days at most, unless it is bad weather such as heavy rain and strong wind, and within 1 day at most. preferable.

The application amount of the shelf life improving agent of the present invention may vary depending on the type of formulation, the type of target cultivated plant, the purpose of application, etc., but per 10 are, the choline salt is usually 0.5 to 500 g, preferably 1 to 300 g is appropriate, and the brown algae extract is usually 100 to 3000 g, preferably 200 to 2000 g. The amount used may be applied all at once, or may be divided and applied.
When the application amount of the shelf life improving agent is too small, it is difficult to show the expected action of the agent. On the other hand, if the application amount of the foliar spray is too large, the effect of increasing the amount is not expected so much, but the risk of occurrence of phytotoxicity tends to increase.

  The shelf life improving agent of the present invention mutually enhances the respective effects of the choline salt and the brown algae extract by the synergistic action of the choline salt and the brown algae extract. For example, when applied to mandarin oranges, apples, oysters, oysters, or none, the sugar content of the fruit is remarkably increased and the color of the skin is improved while suppressing softening of the fruit. Similarly, the sugar content of fruits such as strawberries, melons, watermelons, and tomatoes is increased, and the coloring of the skin is improved. Therefore, the shelf life of these fruits is greatly improved.

  In the following, the shelf life improving agent of the present invention and the method of using the same will be described in more detail with reference to examples and test examples. However, the scope of the present invention is limited by these examples and test examples. It is not a thing.

(Example 1)
15 kg of dried brown algae (variety: Lessonia) was cut into chips of about 5 mm square, 45 kg of water was added, and the mixture was extracted by stirring at 40 ° C. for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the brown algae were separated by filtration, insoluble matters were removed, and a brown algae extract was obtained. This brown algal extract was mixed with the components shown in the following table to prepare the shelf life improving agent of the present invention. Acetic acid was used as a preservative.

Ingredient Mass part Brown algae extract 82
50% choline phosphate 14
90% acetic acid 4

(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, a brown algal extract was prepared, and the components shown in the following table were mixed to prepare the shelf life improving agent of the present invention.

Ingredient Mass part Brown algae extract 88
50% choline acetate 8
90% acetic acid 4

(Example 3)
In the same manner as in Example 1, a brown algal extract was prepared, and the components shown below were mixed to prepare the shelf life improving agent of the present invention.

Component Mass part
Brown algae extract 45
50% choline phosphate 55

The obtained liquid was diluted 500 to 1000 times with water when used.

(Test Example 1)
Otou (variety: Sato Nishiki, 9 to 11 years old, rain-proof cultivation), choline phosphate single treatment zone, brown algae extract single treatment zone, and choline phosphate-brown algae extract combined treatment (the present invention) ) 3 treatment zones in the zone and 4 test zones in the non-treatment zone. In each treatment zone, twice on June 11 (from the beginning of coloring) to June 17th, choline phosphate solution (choline phosphate concentration 140 ppm), brown algae extract (500 times brown algae extract dilution factor) solution, And choline phosphate-brown algae extract (choline phosphate concentration 140 ppm and brown algae extract 500 times) were sprayed on the leaf surface at a rate of 500 L per 10 ares. Twenty fruits were randomly harvested from the expected height on June 25 during the harvest period, and the fruit weight, coloring index, sugar content and acidity were investigated. Table 1 shows the results of the quality survey on the citrus fruit. In addition, the fruit was left on the tree even after the harvest period, and 20 fruits were randomly harvested from the expected height on June 30 and July 5, and the number of soft fruits (the number of fruit) was investigated. . The results are shown in Table 2.

着色指数：１（着色２０％以下）〜５（着色８０％以上） Table 1 Effect on Otou (variety: Sato Nishiki)

Coloring index: 1 (coloring 20% or less) to 5 (coloring 80% or more)

Table 2 Transition of soft fruit ratio

  From the results shown in Table 1 and Table 2, in the combined treatment with choline phosphate-brown algae extract, the peel color of peas was significantly improved and the sugar content was greatly improved while significantly suppressing the softening of fruits. And it turns out that acidity and fruit weight did not reduce substantially.

(Test Example 2)
For oysters (variety: early-born Tone, 20 to 25-year-old), the choline phosphate single treatment zone, the brown algae extract single treatment zone, and the choline phosphate-brown algae extract combined treatment (invention) zone There were 3 treatment zones and 4 test zones of no treatment zone. In each treatment area, on September 5, choline phosphate solution (choline phosphate concentration 690 ppm), brown algae extract (brown algae extract dilution factor 400 times) solution, and choline phosphate-brown algae extract (choline phosphate concentration) Each of 690 ppm and brown algae extract 400 times) was sprayed on the leaf surface at a rate of 600 L per 10 ares. The skin color (color chart value) of 20 fruits was randomly examined from the expected height on September 19 immediately before harvest and on October 2 of the harvest period. In addition, the harvest was carried out from the skin color (color chart value) equatorial part 3.0, fruit top part 5.0 or more. In addition, the choline phosphate-brown algae extract (invention) section had finished harvesting the whole fruit as of October 2, and therefore, the skin color could not be measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
Harvested on September 30 and after degassing of carbon dioxide (25 ° C., 16 hours), 30 fruits were stored at 25 ° C., and the number of soft fruits was examined on the 3rd, 6th and 9th days. The results are shown in Table 4.

着色：平種無用カラーチャート値（監修農林省果樹試験場、販売日本園芸農業協同組合連合会） Table 3 Coloring effects on oysters (variety: early-born Tone)

Coloring: Flat-type useless color chart value (supervised Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Japan Horticultural Agricultural Cooperative Federation)

Table 4 Transition of soft fruit ratio

  From the results shown in Table 3 and Table 4, in the choline phosphate-brown algae extract combined treatment (invention) section, the pericarp color was improved while the softening of the persimmon fruit was improved, and the early harvest rate was greatly improved. I understand that.

(Test Example 3)
Apple (variety: Jonagold, 15-year-old) tree, 3 treatment zones of choline acetate single treatment zone, brown algae extract single treatment zone, and choline acetate-brown algae extract combined treatment zone (invention), and There were 4 test zones in the untreated zone. In each treatment section, September 6 (one month before the scheduled start date of harvest), choline acetate solution (choline acetate concentration 150 ppm), brown algae extract (brown algae extract dilution factor 500 times) solution and choline acetate-brown algae extraction Each product (choline acetate concentration 150 ppm and brown algae extract 500 times) was sprayed on the leaf surface at a rate of 500 L per 10 ares. Ten fruits were randomly harvested from the expected height on October 6 during the harvest period, and the fruit weight, coloring index, sugar content and hardness were examined. Table 5 shows the results of an apple fruit quality survey.
Further, 20 fruits of each fruit group were stored at room temperature, and the symptoms of hardness and oiliness were investigated after 1 week and 2 weeks. Table 6 shows the results of hardness, and Table 7 shows the results of oil rising.

着色指数：ふじ用（表面色）カラーチャート指数監修農林省果樹試験場、販売日本園芸農業協同組合連合会）
硬度：ＰＥＮＥＴＲＯＭＥＴＲＯ ＦＴ３２７を使用し測定。硬度は、ポンド単位で表示される。熟成の程度が評価される。この値が大きいほど、硬度が高く、熟成度が小さいことを示す。 Table 5 Effects on apples (variety: Jonagold)

Coloring index: Fuji (surface color) supervised by color chart index Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Japan Horticultural Agricultural Cooperative Federation)
Hardness: measured using PENETROMETRO FT327. Hardness is displayed in pounds. The degree of aging is evaluated. The larger this value, the higher the hardness and the lower the maturity.

Table 6 Changes in hardness

油上がり症指数：０（油上がり症無し）〜５（油上がり症甚大）
この特性は、果実表面に、油分がブリードする程度を評価するものである。 Table 7 Changes in oil symptom

Oil swell index: 0 (no oil spill) to 5 (oil swell)
This characteristic evaluates the degree to which oil content bleeds on the fruit surface.

  From the results shown in Tables 5 to 7, in the choline acetate-brown algae extract combined treatment (invention) section, the apple skin color was remarkably improved while the softening of the apple fruit was prevented, and the sugar content, fruit weight It can be seen that does not substantially decrease. When the hardness is 11.0 or less, it is said to be a “boke apple”, but it can be seen that the period until reaching a boke apple is significantly increased by using the shelf life improving agent of the present invention.

Claims (1)

A fruit shelf life improving agent comprising a choline salt and an extract of brown algae using a hydrophilic solvent.