JP2001278705A - Plant growth controlling agent and method for controlling plant growth - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant growth controlling agent and a method for controlling plant growth at least capable of stimulating the growth of a cultivated plant and/or improving the quality of the harvest. SOLUTION: One or more kinds of choline salts, and one or more kinds of water-soluble calcium salts are used at the same time.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant growth regulator and a method for regulating plant growth, and more particularly, to a plant growth regulator for cultivating plants that at least promotes growth and / or improves the quality of crops. And a method for regulating plant growth.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Choline salts have conventionally been used as plant growth promoters to promote the growth of garlic, to enhance the coloration and sugar content of the mother,
It has been used to promote thigh enlargement. On the other hand, the content and the required amount of calcium vary greatly depending on the type of plant. Calcium is contained abundantly in dicotyledonous plants and has a high demand, but monocotyledonous plants, especially plants of the Poaceae family, have a low content and low demand. Calcium plays an important role as calcium pectate constituting a cell wall, and plays a role similar to the skeleton in the human body. Therefore, once calcium is absorbed and used by plant tissues, it is difficult to transfer it to other tissues.

[0003] Currently, calcareous fertilizers recognized as slaked lime and carbonated lime are considered to be hardly absorbed even if they are sprayed on the leaves as they are. As a calcium agent for spraying leaves, water-soluble calcium chloride is well known, but there is a problem that phytotoxicity easily occurs. Calcium formate, calcium acetate, calcium propionate, calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and the like are known as foliar application calcium agents that have avoided this chemical injury.

[0004]

As described above, choline salts have been conventionally used as plant growth regulators because they are effective in promoting garlic hypertrophy, improving coloration and sugar content of garlic, and promoting thigh hypertrophy. It has been. However, choline salts do not always have sufficient plant growth promoting action for practical use, and further improvement is desired.

On the other hand, as a calcium agent for foliar application,
Water-soluble calcium salts such as calcium chloride, calcium formate, calcium acetate, calcium propionate, and calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate are widely known, but their effects are not necessarily sufficient in practical use. Improvement is desired.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors conducted field tests on cultivated plants using various compounds together with choline salts for the purpose of improving the action of choline salts on plant growth. As a result, by using the choline salt and the water-soluble calcium salt in combination, the synergistic action of the two results in a specifically high plant growth promoting action that was not seen when using the choline salt and the water-soluble calcium salt alone. In addition, the present invention has been found to exhibit the effect of improving the quality of harvested products, and in particular, has a remarkable effect on promoting the coloring of oranges, improving the sugar content, reducing floating skin, and reducing physiological fruit drop. The present invention has been achieved based on these findings.

That is, the first invention contains one or more choline salts and one or more water-soluble calcium salts as active ingredients, and at least promotes plant growth and / or harvests. It is a plant growth regulator characterized by improving the quality of products.

[0008] The second invention of the present invention is to use a combination of one or more choline salts and one or more water-soluble calcium salts as active ingredients to at least promote plant growth and / or harvest. This is a method for controlling plant growth, characterized by improving the quality of a product.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The choline salt used in the present invention is:
Any of an inorganic acid salt and an organic acid salt may be used. Preferred representative examples of the inorganic acid salt of choline include hydrochloride, phosphate, polyphosphate, sulfate, nitrate, silicate, borate, and carbonate. Preferred representative examples of the organic acid salts of choline include formate, acetate, propionate, lactate, tartrate, and citrate. Further, two or more of these choline salts can be used in combination. Above all, the hydrochloride (choline chloride) and the formate, acetate and propionate are most preferred. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the choline salt.

[0010]

[Table 1]

The water-soluble calcium salt used in the present invention may be either an inorganic acid salt or an organic acid salt. Preferred representative examples of the inorganic acid salts of calcium include calcium chloride, calcium sulfate and calcium nitrate. Preferred representative examples of the organic acid salts of calcium include calcium formate, calcium acetate, calcium propionate, and calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Among them, calcium formate, calcium acetate and calcium propionate are preferred because they have high solubility in water and little phytotoxicity to plants.

The ratio between the choline salt and the water-soluble calcium salt varies depending on the type of choline salt and the water-soluble calcium salt used, the type of dosage form, the type of the target cultivated plant, the purpose of application, and the like. I can't identify,
In practice, the water-soluble calcium salt is generally used in an amount of about 0.01 to 200 times by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 20 times by weight, based on the weight of the choline salt. If one is too much or the other is too little, a synergistic effect of both agents due to the combined use of the choline salt and the water-soluble calcium salt cannot be expected.

The plant growth regulator of the present invention is preferably used as a wettable powder or a liquid, but can also be used as an emulsion, a powder, a granule and a tablet. These preparations are prepared by a conventional method. For example, wettable powders and powders are prepared by mixing the active ingredient with fillers and additives such as talc, bentonite and clay, and, if desired, various adjuvants. Liquid preparations are prepared by dissolving the active ingredient and the additive in water. These preparations are usually prepared in advance in, for example, factories and workplaces, but may be prepared, for example, in a field immediately before application. Further, each of the choline salt and the water-soluble calcium salt can be separately formulated as described above, and diluted and mixed with water at the time of use, and used.

The concentrations of the choline salt and the water-soluble calcium salt in the plant growth regulator of the present invention are not particularly limited. However, in general field application, for example, in the case of a solution or emulsion for foliar application. Usually has a choline salt concentration of about 0.3 to 15 mmol / L (the same applies to liters or less), preferably about 1 to 10 mmol / L,
The concentration of the water-soluble calcium salt is about 0.1 to 70 mmol /
L, preferably about 1-20 mmol / L.

If the concentration of the active ingredient is too low, the amount of the preparation becomes large, and it becomes inconvenient to carry and spray. If the amount of the preparation is reduced to make it easier to carry and spray, the expected plant growth action is not exhibited. On the other hand, if the concentration of the active ingredient is too high, it is difficult to uniformly apply the active ingredient, and the risk of chemical damage increases depending on the amount of application. The danger of phytotoxicity caused by uneven application due to too thick a formulation can be avoided by, for example, spraying with a micro-spray device such as a micro-spray device using high pressure and a micro-spray device using a sprayer. it can. Therefore, in the case of spraying with a micro-spraying device, the concentration of the active ingredient can be about 10 times or more as described above.

Various surfactants are used as spreading agents and emulsifiers. Preferred representative examples of the surfactant include nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether,
Anionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ester, polyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester and sorbitan alkyl ester, such as alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate and aryl sulfonate; and cationic surfactant such as lauryl. Examples of amphoteric surfactants include amine, alkylmethyldihydroxyethylammonium salt, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, and polyoxyethylene alkylamine. These surfactants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Preferred representative examples of the adjuvant include polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, gum arabic, polyvinyl acetate, gelatin, casein, sodium alginate and tragacanth gum. Further, the plant growth regulator of the present invention, liquid fertilizer,
It can be used in combination with or without mixing with fungicides, insecticides and herbicides.

There are no particular restrictions on the plants to which the plant growth regulator of the present invention is applied, but fruit trees such as apples, tangerines, oysters, pears, and peaches and peaches, as well as onions, cabbage, cabbage, tomatoes and garlic. It is suitably applied to vegetables and the like. The method for applying the plant regulator of the present invention differs depending on the type of the cultivated plant to be applied and the type of preparation, and when the cultivated plant to be applied is, for example, a fruit tree, it is usually sprayed on a leaf surface or even a fruit (hereinafter, referred to as a fruit). In the case of vegetables, it is usually applied to leaves and stems (hereinafter referred to as foliage application).

The application time of the plant regulator of the present invention varies depending on the kind of the target cultivated plant, the purpose of application, the zone, and the like. For example, in the case of fruit trees such as tangerines, apples, oysters and pears, the period is generally immediately after flowering, preferably between the young stage and the harvest stage. In particular,
When used for the purpose of improving the quality of the orange fruit and reducing the floating of the orange, it is preferable to spray it once to five times from July to September. When used for the purpose of reducing bitter pits of apple fruit, it is preferable to spray once to five times between 40 and 80 days after full bloom.
Preferably, the intervals between each application are approximately equal.

The respective preparations of the choline salt and the water-soluble calcium salt can be applied separately. In this case, it is preferable to apply both agents substantially simultaneously,
Each agent can be applied at intervals. In the latter case, while the previously applied product (hereinafter referred to as the first agent) remains, the later product (hereinafter referred to as the second agent) must be applied, but the first agent remains. The period of time varies depending on the weather. Therefore, in order to ensure the synergistic effect of the combined use of both agents, the interval between application of each agent is limited to at most about 2 days at most, and not more than 1 day unless it is bad weather such as heavy rain and strong wind. preferable.

The application rate of the plant growth regulator of the present invention varies depending on the type of the preparation, the type of the target cultivated plant, the purpose of application, and the like, and cannot be specified unconditionally, but is converted to choline chloride as choline salt per are. And usually between 1 and 200
g, preferably about 5 to 100 g, as a water-soluble calcium salt, calculated as calcium chloride.
It is about 5 to 500 g, preferably about 5 to 200 g. This use amount may be applied all at once, or may be applied separately.

When the application amount of the plant growth regulator is too small, the expected plant growth regulating effect is not exhibited. On the other hand, if the application amount of the plant growth regulator is too large, the effect of increasing the amount is not only ineffective, but rather increases the risk of causing phytotoxicity.

[0023]

By using the plant growth regulator of the present invention, the effects of choline salt and water-soluble calcium salt can be enhanced by synergistic action of choline salt and water-soluble calcium salt. For example, application to tangerines, apples, oysters, and the like increases the sugar content of the fruit and improves the coloring of the pericarp. In addition, the physiological fruit drop and peel of oranges, bitter pits of apples, nectar without seeds, cracking of father and butt rot of tomatoes are reduced. In addition, physiological disorders such as core rot such as chopsticks, cabbage, and onions can be reduced. When a water-soluble calcium salt is sprayed, the skin color of tangerines, apples, and the like generally tends to be inferior due to the phytotoxicity. By spraying the agent of the present invention, the skin color is improved. In addition, it can promote the growth of not only fruit trees but also green onions, which are vegetables, and can promote the enlargement of garlic.

[0024]

EXAMPLES The plant growth regulator of the present invention and the plant growth adjusting method of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 13 parts by weight of choline nitrate, 40 parts by weight of calcium propionate, 5 parts by weight of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 2 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether and 40 parts by weight of talc were ground and uniformly mixed. A wettable powder was prepared. This wettable powder, when used, is 500-
It is diluted about 1000 times.

Example 2 10 parts by weight of 75% choline chloride, 13 parts by weight of calcium propionate, 2 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether and 1 part by weight of laurylmethyldihydroxyethylammonium chloride were mixed with 73 parts by weight of water and homogeneously mixed. To give a liquid (water solvent). This solution is diluted about 500 times with water when used.

Example 3 As shown in Table 2, in a tree of Unshu mandarin orange (variety: Nankan No. 20, 25 years old), as shown in Table 2, a treatment group for single use of choline acetate, a treatment group for single use of calcium propionate, and a choline acetate-propionate There were provided three treatment sections of the calcium acid combined treatment section and four test sections of the non-treatment section. In each treatment group, choline acetate solution (choline acetate concentration 550 ppm), calcium propionate solution (calcium propionate concentration 460 ppm) solution, and choline acetate-calcium propionate solution (acetic acid) were given three times at intervals of 15 days from August 12th. Choline concentration 550 ppm and calcium propionate concentration 46
0 ppm) each for 5 times per 10 ares
It was sprayed on leaves at a rate of 00L. Harvested on November 25 of the harvest season, the occurrence and degree of hulls were investigated for 200 fruits of each L and M grades, and then the fruit quality such as fruit weight, peel color, sugar content and citric acid concentration investigated. Table 2 shows the results of the floating skin and the quality of the fruits of the oranges.

[0028]

[Table 2]

In Table 2, the values in parentheses indicate the difference between each test section and the untreated section. The same applies to the following tables.

The results shown in Table 2 indicate that in the group treated with the combination of choline acetate and calcium propionate, the occurrence of floating of the fruit was remarkably reduced, the peel color was remarkably improved, and the sugar content was remarkably improved. The citric acid concentration was reduced, and the fruit weight was not substantially reduced, showing a remarkable synergistic effect of the combination of the two agents with the use of a choline salt and a water-soluble calcium salt.

Example 4 As shown in Table 3, apple (cultivar: Obayashi, 19-year-old) trees were treated with choline acetate alone, treated with calcium propionate alone, and combined with choline acetate-calcium propionate as shown in Table 3. Three treatment plots and four test plots of no treatment plot were provided. In each treatment area, 6 hits 30 days after flowering
The choline acetate solution (choline acetate concentration 200 ppm), the calcium propionate solution (calcium propionate concentration 500 ppm) and the choline acetate-calcium propionate solution (choline acetate concentration 200 ppm and propionic acid (A calcium concentration of 500 ppm) was sprayed onto the leaves at a rate of 500 L per 10 ares each time. Harvest 11
The fruits were harvested all at once on April 4, and the bitter pit occurrence rate and fruit weight of all the fruits were examined. Thereafter, the quality of the fruits, such as the ground color, hardness, sugar content, and malic acid concentration of the pericarp, were examined for 20 representative fruits. Table 3 shows the bitter pit incidence and fruit quality survey results.

[0032]

[Table 3] In Table 3, the ground color was evaluated as 5 on the best scale, and 1 on the worst scale.

The results in Table 3 show that in the group treated with choline acetate-calcium propionate, the rate of bitter pitting of apples was remarkably reduced, the hardness of the fruit was increased, and the sugar content was significantly improved. In addition, the fruit weight was not substantially reduced, indicating a remarkable synergistic effect of the combination of the choline salt and the water-soluble calcium salt.

Example 5 Seedlings of leaf green onions (cultivar: Sakai-nobu) were planted on June 10 and shown in Table 4.
As shown in Table 1, there were provided three treatments, a treatment treatment for choline chloride alone, a treatment treatment for calcium acetate alone, and a treatment treatment for choline chloride-calcium acetate combined use, and four test treatments for no treatment treatment. In each treatment plot, choline chloride solution (choline chloride concentration 700 ppm) twice on June 20 and June 30,
Calcium acetate solution (calcium acetate concentration 500ppm)
Solution and choline chloride-calcium acetate solution (choline chloride concentration 700 ppm and calcium acetate concentration 500 ppm)
Was sprayed onto leaves at a rate of 300 L per 10 ares each time. The crop was harvested all day on August 4 during the harvest season, and the plant height, plant weight and yield were examined. Table 4 shows the survey results
Shown in

[0035]

[Table 4]

The results in Table 4 show that the plant height, plant weight, leaf number and yield were all significantly increased in the group treated with the combined use of choline chloride and calcium acetate. Significantly show the synergistic effect.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Masakazu Furushima 2-1-1 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Ryoyo Shoji Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Koji Sakurai 473 Nakano, Ogata, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata Hiromichi Kuriyama 4-19, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Inside Agroca Nessha Co., Ltd. No. 116-2, Hozumi, Yamagata-shi, Pref. Agrokane Show Co., Ltd. South Tohoku Branch (72) Inventor Takashi Nakayama 4-2-1, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Agroca Neshow Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) BC04 BC06 BC07 BC19 BC20 DA13 DA15 DC03 DD03 DH03

Claims (2)

[Claims] The present invention contains one or more choline salts and one or more water-soluble calcium salts as active ingredients, and at least promotes plant growth and / or improves the quality of harvested products. A plant growth regulator characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. A combination of one or more choline salts and one or more water-soluble calcium salts as active ingredients, at least to promote plant growth and / or to improve harvest quality. A method for regulating plant growth.