JP2007055829A - Method for improving quality of fruit and fertilizer composition for it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for improving the quality of fruit capable of securely preventing the formation of cracks and scar skins even when a fertilizer is sprayed at a low concentration to reduce the labor of works required for spraying and a fertilizer composition for it. <P>SOLUTION: The fertilizer composition for improving the quality of fruit contains a mineral powder with an average particle diameter of ≤60 μm of 30-60 wt.% and a water-soluble calcium salt of 70-40 wt.%. The fertilizer composition is dispersed and dissolved in water to give a liquid fertilizer with a mineral powder concentration of 0.1-1%(w/v) and a water-soluble calcium salt concentration of 0.05-1%(w/v), which is sprayed over fruit in growing. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for improving fruit quality and a fertilizer composition therefor, and more specifically, to prevent cracks, rust, etc. generated in fruits such as apples, pears and oysters during cultivation and to improve the quality. And a fertilizer composition therefor.

  In recent years, domestic fruit production has been excessive due to an increase in imported fruit, and market prices have continued to decline. In addition, consumers are refraining from buying fruit, which is a favorite product, due to a long recession, and the supply-demand balance is disrupted, which has spurred the market to become sluggish. Furthermore, there is a high consumer demand for fruits, and in addition to safety by eliminating or reducing the use of pesticides, the appearance of fruits is not damaged by pests, and fruits with high sugar content and low acidity are required. Quality fruit production is essential.

  In order to solve such problems, in fruit tree cultivation, the control effect by reducing the number of pest control is confirmed at the test site in each prefecture, and the test of reducing pesticides such as mating inhibition by artificial pheromone of the target pest is carried out, It has been introduced on site. In addition, in response to consumers' demand for taste such as high-sugar fruits, introduction of multi-seats that prevent the inflow of rainwater into the field and prevent excess moisture from being transferred to the fruits has been implemented.

  As for the appearance of fruits, pest control is applied by spraying pesticides, but the active ingredients of pesticides and other ingredients such as surfactants are added to the skin of apples, pears, oysters and other fruits. In some cases, damage such as cracks and rust may occur. In addition, leaves in the vicinity of the fruit may come into contact with the fruit due to wind or the like during the young fruit period when the surface of the skin is weak.

  As a countermeasure against these problems, a method for preventing cracks and rust has already been carried out in the field by spraying a mixture containing calcium carbonate as a main ingredient with agricultural chemicals (Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-30767, Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-). 42594, JP-B-59-19923, and JP-B-7-84369).

  However, although the preparation containing calcium carbonate as the main agent is effective, the spraying concentration is 80 to 100 times as high, and a satisfactory effect cannot be obtained at a lower concentration. For this reason, 10 to 12 kg of calcium carbonate preparation must be put into a 1000 L capacity chemical tank that is generally spread and used by farmers, and labor is required when preparing agricultural chemicals. With the recent aging of farmers, the labor for this blending work is increasing further. Furthermore, since calcium carbonate has poor suspendability and dispersibility in water, various dispersants are added to improve dispersion in water. Nevertheless, due to high concentration spraying, calcium carbonate precipitates on the bottom of the chemical tank after spraying the chemical liquid, and the work of removing this is labor intensive.

  For this reason, farmers have stopped spraying preparations containing calcium carbonate as the main ingredient, or spraying preparations containing a water-soluble calcium salt as the main ingredient instead of calcium carbonate at a low concentration 400 to 1000 times. However, even if water-soluble calcium is simply sprayed instead of calcium carbonate, the preparation work and the like are reduced, but at present, the prevention effect against cracks and rust which is the original purpose is hardly obtained.

On the other hand, in order to protect the fruit surface, a method has been proposed in which a porous powder made of zeolite, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, silica gel or the like is sprayed on the fruit surface (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-315406). However, even if such a porous powder is simply sprayed in place of calcium carbonate, it has not been possible to obtain excellent cracking and rust prevention effects equivalent to those of calcium carbonate.
Japanese Patent Publication No.57-42594 Japanese Patent Publication No.59-19923 JP 2004-315406 A

  Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention improves the quality of fruits that can reliably prevent the occurrence of cracks and rust even when sprayed at a low concentration in order to save labor required for spraying. And a fertilizer composition therefor.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention, as one aspect thereof, is a fertilizer composition for improving the quality of a fruit by spraying on the fruit being cultivated, and having an average particle size of 60 μm or less It contains 30 to 60% by weight of powder and 70 to 40% by weight of water-soluble calcium salt. In addition, this fertilizer composition is for disperse | distributing and melt | dissolving in water, making it a liquid fertilizer, and spraying it on a fruit.

  Even if mineral powder and water-soluble calcium salt are sprayed in order, it is not possible to obtain excellent cracking and rust prevention effects such as calcium carbonate, but surprisingly, the predetermined average particle size as described above By using a fertilizer composition containing a mineral powder having a diameter and a water-soluble calcium salt in a predetermined weight ratio, excellent cracking and rust prevention effects equivalent to calcium carbonate can be obtained. In addition, this fertilizer composition can sufficiently prevent the occurrence of cracks and rust even when sprayed as a liquid fertilizer with a much lower concentration than calcium carbonate preparations, and it can also be suspended and dispersed in water. Because it is excellent, it can save labor required for spraying.

  The mineral powder is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of clay, kaolin, sericite, talc and mica. Further, the water-soluble calcium salt preferably has a water solubility of 0.20 g or more.

  Another aspect of the present invention is a method for improving fruit quality, comprising 30 to 60% by weight of a mineral powder having an average particle size of 60 μm or less and 70 to 40% by weight of a water-soluble calcium salt. And a step of dispersing and dissolving the fertilizer composition in water to form a liquid fertilizer, and a step of spraying the liquid fertilizer on the fruits being cultivated.

  Moreover, the method for improving the quality of the fruit according to the present invention includes, as another embodiment, a mineral powder having an average particle size of 60 μm or less and a water-soluble calcium salt in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 60:40. And a step of preparing a liquid fertilizer by dispersing and dissolving in water, and a step of spraying the liquid fertilizer on the fruits being cultivated. Thus, the same effect as described above can also be obtained by preparing a liquid fertilizer in which mineral powder and water-soluble calcium salt are dispersed and dissolved at a predetermined weight ratio without passing through the fertilizer composition.

  As described above, according to the present invention, a method for improving the quality of a fruit that can reliably prevent generation of cracks and rust even when sprayed at a low concentration in order to save labor required for spraying, and therefore A fertilizer composition can be provided.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a method for improving the quality of a fruit according to the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, first, a liquid fertilizer is prepared for application to the fruits being cultivated. This liquid fertilizer can be prepared by dispersing and dissolving mineral powder and a water-soluble calcium salt in water.

  As a mineral powder, when used together with a water-soluble calcium salt, it exerts an effect of preventing the generation of cracks and rust, has no possibility of adversely affecting the environment, and is easy to obtain because of its price and availability. Kaolin, sericite, talc, bentonite, silica, diatomaceous earth, acid clay, zeolite, mica, white carbon and the like are preferable. These mineral powders may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. Among these, particularly preferred mineral powders are clay, kaolin, sericite, talc and mica because they are clayey and non-swellable.

  Moreover, the average particle diameter of mineral powder needs to be 60 micrometers or less from a viewpoint of the suspendability and the dispersibility to the water which is a dispersion medium. In particular, it is preferably 30 μm or less, and more preferably 10 μm or less. On the other hand, the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 μm or more.

  Although it does not specifically limit as a water-soluble calcium salt, From the viewpoint of the absorbability to a fruit skin and the workability | operativity of spraying, the thing whose solubility to water is 0.2g or more (temperature: 20 degreeC) is preferable. . Specifically, inorganic calcium salts such as calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, and calcium nitrate, and organic acid calcium salts such as calcium formate, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, and calcium gluconate are preferable. A mixture of these calcium salts can also be used.

  In addition to the mineral powder and the water-soluble calcium salt, the liquid fertilizer can be added with three elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, and other trace elements. Moreover, the adjuvant normally used for the agricultural and horticultural medicine can also be added. As such auxiliary agents, surfactants, binders, stabilizers, fixing agents and the like that are usually used in agricultural and horticultural chemicals can be added alone or in combination as necessary. Further, in some cases, an industrial bactericidal agent, a bactericidal agent, a fungicide, etc. for bactericidal and fungicidal purposes may be added.

  The weight ratio between the mineral powder in the liquid fertilizer and the water-soluble calcium salt sufficiently exhibits the effect of preventing the occurrence of cracks and rust, so that the total is 100% by weight, and 30-60% by weight and 70-40% by weight. %. In particular, it is preferable that the mineral powder is 35 to 50% by weight and the water-soluble calcium salt is 65 to 50% by weight.

  The concentration of mineral powder and water-soluble calcium salt in the liquid fertilizer varies depending on the type of fruit, but by setting the following concentrations, especially apples, pears, oysters, etc. among the fruits are cracked, rusted, scratched. Etc. can be reliably prevented and the quality of the fruit can be improved.

  The concentration of the mineral powder is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1% (w / v), more preferably in the range of 0.125 to 0.5% (w / v), and 0.15 to 0.33%. The range of (w / v) is more preferable. If the concentration of the mineral powder is less than 0.1%, the chemical solution drying effect and the physical effect of protecting the face may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the concentration exceeds 1%, the effect reaches the limit and the liquid This is not preferable because precipitation may occur in the fertilizer.

  The concentration of the water-soluble calcium salt is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 1% (w / v), more preferably in the range of 0.08 to 0.5% (w / v), and 0.1 to 0. A range of 33% (w / v) is more preferred. If the concentration of the water-soluble calcium salt is less than 0.05%, there is a risk that the skin strengthening effect due to the calcium replenishing effect may not be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1%, the effect reaches the limit and the water solution used Depending on the nature of the calcium salt, precipitation may occur in the liquid fertilizer, or there may be a phytotoxicity such as browning on the leaves after spraying.

  In order to easily prepare liquid fertilizer, it is necessary to formulate a fertilizer composition in the form of powder, granule or suspension containing mineral powder and water-soluble calcium salt at a predetermined weight ratio in advance. preferable. That is, this fertilizer composition preferably contains 30-60% by weight of mineral powder and 70-40% by weight of water-soluble calcium salt, 35-50% by weight of mineral powder, More preferably, it contains 65 to 50% by weight of calcium salt. Moreover, this fertilizer composition can contain the adjuvant for making a fertilizer composition into a powder form, a granular form, or a suspension form.

  When the fertilizer composition is sprayed, it is preferably diluted 100 to 1000 times with water (that is, 100 to 1000 L of water with respect to 1 kg of the powdered fertilizer composition) to form a liquid fertilizer. A more preferable dilution ratio is 300 to 800 times. Therefore, this fertilizer composition has a remarkably high dilution ratio as compared with a preparation mainly composed of calcium carbonate, and is excellent in suspendability and dispersibility in water. Can save labor.

  Next, the liquid fertilizer prepared as described above is sprayed on the fruits being cultivated. The time when the liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the fruit is preferably after the fall of the flower, but a higher effect can be obtained by spraying from the time immediately after the fall, which is a time when the surface of the skin is weak, to 60 days after the fall. The liquid fertilizer can be sprayed more than once during a predetermined period, and preferably 2 to 5 times every 10 to 20 days to obtain a higher effect.

  In addition, this liquid fertilizer does not reduce the effectiveness of the control chemical even when sprayed with a control chemical, and does not cause phytotoxicity when mixed with a control chemical. Can be added and sprayed together with the control agent. Furthermore, this liquid fertilizer can be mixed with a control agent and sprayed to prevent the occurrence of rust and rust due to an agricultural chemical active ingredient and an auxiliary ingredient of the agricultural chemical such as a surfactant. Therefore, since application of liquid fertilizer can be incorporated into a general control system for fruit trees such as apples, it is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence of cracks and rust without placing a heavy burden on the farmer.

  Furthermore, since this liquid fertilizer is obtained by dispersing and dissolving mineral powder and water-soluble calcium salt in water at a low concentration, the liquid fertilizer has a stable operation with little variation with respect to differences in regions and weather.

  Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(Preparation of liquid fertilizer)
40% by weight of kaolin (average particle size 1.5 μm) as mineral powder, 30% by weight of calcium chloride anhydrous and 30% by weight of calcium sulfate dihydrate as water-soluble calcium salts are mixed in a kneader to prepare a fertilizer composition. Prepared. This fertilizer composition was a white fine powder. Then, this fertilizer composition is diluted 250 times to prepare a liquid fertilizer having a kaolin concentration of 0.16% (w / v) and a water-soluble calcium salt concentration of 0.24% (w / v). did. In addition, liquid fertilizers were prepared using sericite (average particle size 7.5 μm) and talc (average particle size 5 μm) in place of kaolin under the same conditions as described above.

(Evaluation Test 1)
In a test field (Nagano Prefecture), a test tree apple (variety: Fuji / M26, tree age: 12-year-old tree) was tested, and a test was conducted to evaluate the effect of preventing cracks and rust on the fruit of the apple fruit. In addition, in order to compare the prevention effect, in addition to the section (Examples 1 to 3) sprayed with the liquid fertilizer prepared as described above, the section (Comparative Example 1) sprayed with a liquid fertilizer made of calcium carbonate wettable powder or calcium formate. -3), a section (Comparative Example 4) where no such fertilizer was sprayed was provided. In addition, Table 1 shows the dilution rate of each liquid fertilizer.

※ 現地で一般的に使用されている濃度。

* Concentrations commonly used locally.

  These liquid fertilizers were mixed with pesticides at the same time as local control standards and spread using a shoulder spreader. Table 2 shows the local control standards, the actual spraying date, the mixed drugs, and the dilution ratio. In addition, even in the fertilizer non-spreading section (Comparative Example 4), the customary control chemical was sprayed.

※ 全散布日で、展着剤としてネオエステリンを５０００倍の濃度で混用。

* On the entire spraying day, neoesterin is mixed at a 5000-fold concentration as a spreading agent.

  Then, on November 20, fruits were harvested from the test tree, and 50 fruits were randomly extracted within that day to examine the incidence of cracks and rust. For rust, in addition to the incidence, the degree of occurrence was calculated by the method described below. These results are shown in Table 3.

The degree of occurrence of rust is evaluated by the following expression 1 after evaluating with an occurrence index of 0 to 4 according to the degree of rust generated below.
0: No occurrence.
1: Things that do not rise on the shoulder in the infarcted area, and those that do not stand out in the torso and garment.
2: Goes up to the shoulder and the surrounding area is 1/5 or less, or is smooth and scattered and is 1/5 or less of the fruit surface.
3: Going up to the shoulder and surrounding 1/3 or less, or smooth and scattered, 1/3 or less of the fruit surface as a whole.
4: Three or more.
Occurrence degree = Σ (occurrence index × number of fruits to be generated) / (4 × number of fruits to be investigated) × 100 (Equation 1)

  As shown in Table 3, in Comparative Example 4, which is a fertilizer-free spraying area, the occurrence rate of both cracks and rust exceeds 10%. The cracked fruit has no commercial value. Therefore, in Comparative Example 4, 12% of fruits having no commercial value are generated, and the seriousness of the problem can be understood.

  In Comparative Example 3 which is a calcium formate application group, the incidence of cracks was slightly lower than that in Comparative Example 4, but it was still a high incidence of 10%, and the proportion of fruits without commercial value was still high. Moreover, although the incidence of rust is low, the incidence is almost the same value, and there is almost no effect on rust.

  In the case of the calcium carbonate wettable powder sprayed section, Comparative Example 2 having a concentration as high as 100 times has very low occurrence rate of cracks and rust and the occurrence of rust, and can produce fruits having no problem in appearance. However, in Comparative Example 1 whose concentration was as low as 250 times, the effect was inferior to that in Comparative Example 2.

  On the other hand, in Example 1 in which kaolin and a water-soluble calcium salt were mixed at a predetermined ratio, an excellent effect could be obtained even when compared with any section of Comparative Examples 1 to 4. In particular, the crack generation rate was 0%. Moreover, since the generation | occurrence | production rate of a rust is also low and the incidence is also low, it turns out that it is effective with respect to production of a high quality fruit. Furthermore, since it has an excellent effect even at a low concentration of 250 times, it can be seen that it is also effective for reducing labor during liquid fertilizer preparation. In addition, there was no decrease in the effects of the mixed agricultural chemicals, and no phytotoxicity caused by the mixed agricultural chemicals. In Examples 2 and 3 using sericite and talc, almost the same results as kaolin were obtained.

(Evaluation test 2)
In the above-mentioned test field, a test tree apple (variety: Tsugaru / M26, tree age: 10-year-old tree) was tested, and a test was conducted to evaluate the effect of preventing cracks and rust on the fruit of the apple fruit. In this evaluation test 2, the liquid fertilizer prepared as described above was sprayed in the same manner as in the evaluation test 1 except that the calcium carbonate wettable powder was diluted only 100 times (Examples 4 to 6), carbonic acid. A section (Comparative Examples 5 and 6) sprayed with a liquid fertilizer of calcium wettable powder or calcium formate and a section (Comparative Example 7) where no such fertilizer was sprayed were provided.

  In addition, each liquid fertilizer was mixed with pesticides and sprayed using a shoulder spreader at the same time as the local control standards. Table 4 shows the local control standards, the actual spraying date, the mixed drugs, and the dilution ratio. In addition, even in the fertilizer non-spreading section (Comparative Example 7), the customary control chemical was sprayed.

※ 全散布日で、展着剤としてハイテンパワーを５０００倍の濃度で混用。

* On all spraying days, HITEN POWER is used as a spreading agent at a concentration of 5000 times.

  Then, on November 22, fruits were harvested from the test tree, and 70 fruits were randomly extracted within that day, and the incidence of rust was investigated by region. Further, the occurrence of rust was also investigated by the same method as in Comparative Test 1. These results are shown in Table 5.

  As shown in Table 5, in Comparative Example 7, which is a fertilizer non-spreading zone, the occurrence rate of rust was 100% in all parts. In addition, the degree of occurrence was high, and the merchantability was significantly lost.

  In Comparative Example 6, which is a calcium formate spraying zone, although the rate of occurrence and the rate of occurrence at each site were slightly lower than those in Comparative Example 7, the product quality was not improved and the effect was insufficient.

  In Comparative Example 5, which is a calcium carbonate wettable powder spraying area, both the incidence and the degree of occurrence are significantly reduced compared to Comparative Example 7, and when spraying at such a high concentration, the merchantability is improved. It turns out that it is effective.

  On the other hand, in Example 4 in which kaolin and a water-soluble calcium salt were mixed at a predetermined ratio, the occurrence rate and the occurrence rate were low as compared with any of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, and it was found that there was a quality improvement effect. . In addition, the spraying concentration is 250 times, and it can be sprayed at a very low concentration compared to the spraying concentration of 100 times that of Comparative Example 5 in which the same effect was recognized, which is also effective for labor saving when preparing liquid fertilizer. I know that there is. Furthermore, there was no decrease in the effects of the mixed agricultural chemicals, and no phytotoxicity caused by the mixed agricultural chemicals. In Examples 5 and 6 using sericite and talc, almost the same results as kaolin were obtained.

Claims (5)

  A fertilizer composition for improving fruit quality by spraying on a growing fruit, 30-30% by weight of a mineral powder having an average particle size of 60 μm or less, and 70-40% by weight of a water-soluble calcium salt And a fertilizer composition.   The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the mineral powder is at least one selected from the group consisting of clay, kaolin, sericite, talc and mica.   The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the solubility of the water-soluble calcium salt in water is 0.20 g or more. Preparing a fertilizer composition containing 30 to 60% by weight of a mineral powder having an average particle size of 60 μm or less and 70 to 40% by weight of a water-soluble calcium salt;
Dispersing and dissolving the fertilizer composition in water to form a liquid fertilizer;
Applying the liquid fertilizer to the fruit being cultivated, and improving the quality of the fruit. Preparing a liquid fertilizer by dispersing and dissolving a mineral powder having an average particle size of 60 μm or less and a water-soluble calcium salt in water at a weight ratio of 30:70 to 60:40;
Applying the liquid fertilizer to the fruit being cultivated, and improving the quality of the fruit.