JP2005192405A - Method for cultivating farm crop using bittern - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating farm crops using bittern enabling efficient cultivation of farm crops using bittern obtained from deep seawater. <P>SOLUTION: The method for cultivating farm crops using bittern comprises adding bittern obtained from deep seawater to water to be supplied in soil culture of large ginger while varying its dilution ratio ranging from 50 times to 100 times. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating crops in which bittern obtained from seawater is added to water supplied to the crops.

  Currently, deep sea water is being taken at Cape Muroto in Kochi Prefecture. Deep ocean water is a general term for seawater deeper than the outer edge of the shelf. The outer edge of the shelf is generally at a depth of 200 to 300 m, and since sunlight does not reach and photosynthesis by phytoplankton is not performed, the decomposition power of organic matter becomes dominant and the seawater is rich in inorganic nutrient salts. On the other hand, surface water that reaches sunlight is distributed above the depth of 200 m. Since sunlight reaches the surface water sufficiently, phytoplankton actively consumes inorganic nutrients to produce organic matter predominately, and there are few inorganic nutrients, and instead organic matter that leads to deterioration of water quality It is increasing. In addition, surface water is affected by land water and air, so it contains pollutants such as harmful chemical substances. Since deep sea water hardly mixes with surface water, deep sea water has excellent eutrophication and cleanliness.

Deep ocean water has been used for various purposes by taking advantage of its characteristics. Many of them are foods and drinks such as sake and tofu, but they have also been used for cultivation of agricultural crops, and one of them uses deep sea water as a foliar spray (Patent Document 1). . As another example, there is one in which the chlorine concentration and electrical conductivity of deep ocean water are adjusted to a predetermined reference value or less and applied to plants (Patent Document 2).
JP 2002-255712 A JP 2003-102259 A

  However, Patent Document 1 discloses that it is useful to dilute demineralized water or concentrated water of deep ocean water and use it as a foliar spray. However, there is a means for desalting and concentrating deep ocean water. There is a problem in that it is not revealed.

  In that respect, Patent Document 2 discloses that the chlorine concentration and electrical conductivity are adjusted and specific means are disclosed in order to avoid salt damage to crops caused by high salinity contained in deep seawater. It is excellent. However, the adjustment for lowering the salinity concentration contained in the raw water of the deep sea water is performed depending on whether the salt is desalted by the reverse osmosis membrane method or diluted with tap water or the like. That is, since the raw water of the deep sea water is diluted, useful nutrients contained in the raw water are also diluted, and there is a problem in that the features of the deep sea water cannot be fully utilized.

  On the other hand, the present applicant manufactures and sells natural salt using deep ocean water. When natural salt is produced, “bittern” is generated as a by-product. Although bittern is used as a coagulant for tofu, the amount used is not large, and as a result, it tends to remain. Since deep sea water is collected from the deep sea, it is very expensive compared to surface water, and other effective means of use have been demanded.

  Therefore, the present applicant considers that any of the above problems can be solved if the bittern of deep sea water is used for cultivation of agricultural crops, and conducts a demonstration test and confirms the effect to complete the present invention. It has come.

  That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating agricultural crops that can easily and efficiently supply nutrients essential for agricultural crops and promote growth. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating crops that can efficiently use deep sea water for cultivating crops. The object of the present invention is to effectively utilize the deep sea water bite that is a by-product in the production of natural salt of deep sea water and tends to be discarded. The objective of this invention is providing the cultivation method of the agricultural crop which can supply a large amount of bitterns of deep sea water without receiving salt damage.

  When water is supplied to crops, bittern obtained from deep ocean water is added to the supplied water. The amount of bittern added is changed throughout the cultivation period. For example, it can be gradually increased throughout the cultivation period. In the initial stage of cultivation, the amount of bittern added can be reduced, and thereafter, the amount added can be larger than the initial stage throughout the cultivation period.

  When adding deep sea water bittern to the crop water when supplying water to crops, the deep sea water bite contains a large amount of effective salt relative to the salinity. It can be supplied to crops in a larger amount than raw water. In the cultivation of agricultural products, fertilizer is often supplied to promote the growth of agricultural products. In general, essential components of agricultural products are nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, and secondly calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Deep sea water bites contain concentrated amounts of salt, such as potassium and magnesium, that are effective in promoting the growth of crops, so the active ingredients in deep sea water can be used almost as they are, and there is no waste. . The deep sea water bites are natural products and have a sense of security compared to chemical synthetic fertilizers.

  As described above, deep ocean water is not directly affected by industrial and chemical pollution, and contains almost no harmful pollutants. There is no. On the contrary, it can be expected to clean up crops and soil. Moreover, it is possible to effectively utilize the deep sea water bites that are often used in the production of natural salts. Since it is not necessary to remove salt from deep ocean water, expensive desalination equipment such as reverse osmosis membranes and ion exchange resins is not required, and the cost is not high.

  Changing the amount of deep-sea water bittern added throughout the cultivation period can stimulate the crop and promote the growth of the crop more effectively.

  Increasing the amount of bittern added to the deep sea water throughout the cultivation period will make the crops accustomed to salinity, so the total amount of bittern that can be added throughout the cultivation period is close to or above the upper limit of the amount of salt damage. It can be increased and the growth of crops can be promoted accordingly.

  In the initial stage of cultivation, if the amount of bittern added is reduced, and then the amount added is larger than the initial stage throughout the cultivation period, only the initial stage that is immature initial growth and must be adapted to the new environment. , You don't have to put too much stress on your crops. After that, the crop grows and requires more nutrients and gets used to salinity, so it is possible to add a larger amount of deep-sea water bite without causing damage to the crop due to salt damage. It can promote the growth of crops more effectively.

  The crops targeted by the present invention are not particularly limited, but are suitable for root vegetables and fruit vegetables. The cultivation method can be applied not only to soil cultivation but also to hydroponics and hydroponics. You may spread on the foliage. Each example that has been demonstrated is shown below. Examples 1 to 3 are soil cultivation of “large ginger”, “cucumber” and “melon”, respectively, and Example 4 is hydroponics of “tomato”.

  First, “Deep ocean water bites” will be explained first. "Nigari" is "a mother liquor that remains after boiling and salting seawater" according to Kojien and is a by-product of producing natural salt. The component is composed mainly of magnesium chloride and contains a wide variety of salts contained in seawater. In the case of salt production by the heating method, the solubility of sodium chloride in water hardly changes with respect to temperature, so most of sodium chloride contained in seawater is concentrated and precipitated by boiling seawater. Therefore, the liquid that remains without being finally deposited is “bittern”. Table 1 shows the value of the analysis of the main components of the deep sea water bittern. In Table 2, the published values of raw deep sea water are shown as reference values for comparison. For example, it will be apparent from this that the content of potassium and magnesium, which are effective salts contained in “Nigari”, is higher than that of raw water. Furthermore, it is said that deep ocean water contains a lot of unknown useful salts not found in surface water. On the other hand, since deep sea water hardly contains harmful substances, naturally harmful substances such as arsenic and heavy metals are not detected. Deep-sea water bites are liquid and can be easily diluted in water and added uniformly.

(Ginger soil cultivation)
Trial cultivation was carried out for “Daishoga”. A schematic diagram of the implementation conditions is shown in FIG. Two adjacent greenhouses 1 were used as test zone 2 and control zone 3, respectively. Each greenhouse 1 was provided with five baskets 4 at intervals of about 95 cm. Each pod 4 was planted with two ginger stocks at intervals of about 22 cm. The three ridges 4 excluding the ridges 4 at both ends of each greenhouse 1 were assigned ridge numbers A, B, and C in order as shown in FIG. Three irrigation pipes 5 are provided at regular intervals above each greenhouse 1 so that water can be evenly supplied to each ridge 4 from there. Except for the supply of water to the ginger and other comparative items, both districts followed the conventional cultivation method. In the figure, reference numeral 6 denotes a skylight.

  When irrigating the test area, garlic obtained from deep sea water (hereinafter, simply referred to as “deep sea garlic”) is supplied to the supply water through a dilution period of 50 to 100 times the supply water throughout the cultivation period ( w / w) and added. Specifically, each component in Table 1 is diluted at the respective ratio from the measured value. The amount of deep sea bite added was arbitrarily changed for each irrigation. As a method for the addition, a predetermined amount of deep sea bittern added to the supply water in a tank or the like and mixed to a constant concentration was pumped. An addition port may be provided in the irrigation water supply path, and the deep sea bite may be added and supplied at a predetermined ratio to the flow rate of the supply water. Since deep sea bites are liquid, they can easily be made to have a uniform concentration, and there is no possibility of causing partial salt damage due to uneven concentration. In addition, when spraying leaves, the test plot was sprayed once every two weeks with deep sea bittern added at a dilution rate of 1000 to 10,000 times.

  The results of the test cultivation are shown in Table 3, Table 4, and FIG. Table 3 shows items related to cultivation in comparison with each ward. In the table, “++” indicates that the greater the number, the better. As is apparent from Table 3, the test plots showed better results for all items. The incidence of disease was 10-20% less in the test area. The hypertrophy was 10-20% better in the test plot. Among them, the point that the shape is good and the excellent product rate is high (95% or more of the test section compared to 80% of the control section) is noted. Here, the excellent product rate means a product with excellent quality in a predetermined standard at the time of shipment such as size and shape. Fig. 2 shows a large ginger harvested from the bamboo number B. In the case of root vegetables including ginger, when the deep sea bittern was added to the feed water, the tendency to enlarge was noticeable. Although details are not clear, there is a tendency for potassium to absorb better than general cultivation, which is probably due to its effect. Table 4 shows the total weight (g) of 10 large peppers extracted arbitrarily for each basket number in each section. In any of the numbers, the test plot is larger, and the total yield is about 14% higher. The increase from A to C seems to be due to the difference in sunshine conditions depending on the skylight position.

  As described above, in the soil cultivation of ginger, the growth of ginger is not affected by salt damage by adding deep sea garlic to the water supply during irrigation and changing the amount of ginger added throughout the cultivation period. It was proved that the harvest rate was improved.

(Cucumber soil cultivation)
Trial cultivation was conducted for "white cucumber". The implementation condition was soil cultivation in a greenhouse as in the previous large ginger, and the conventional “cucumber” cultivation method was followed except for comparative items. Here, the difference between the trial cultivation and the cultivation method of the previous ginger is that the amount of deep sea bite added to the water supplied to the test area during irrigation is divided into two stages, and 50cc per 100m ^{2 is} initially reduced. After that, the amount of addition was increased by adding 100 cc. The foliage was sprayed to the test area once every two weeks with the addition of deep sea bittern at a dilution ratio of 2000 times.

  Tables 5 and 6 show the results of the test cultivation. Table 5 shows the same as in Example 1. The test plot had a lower incidence of illness and deficiency, darker leaves, and good growth. Table 6 shows the cucumber harvest results. Table 6 summarizes the 103 harvests (kg) randomly selected in each ward for each 16-day harvest day and the excellent product rate (%). “+” At the right end of each item indicates that the test group was higher than the control group, and “−” was lower. As is clear from this, the frequency of the test plots was higher than that of the control plots for both the harvest rate and the excellent product rate. The test plots were also superior in each average value.

  As described above, in cultivating cucumbers, deep sea garlic is added to the supplied water during irrigation, and the amount of garlic added is increased throughout the cultivation period to promote cucumber growth without being damaged by salt. And proved that the harvesting rate was increased.

(Soil cultivation of melon)
Trial cultivation was conducted for "melon (variety name: Arusu melon)". The implementation condition was soil cultivation in the same greenhouse as in the previous examples, and was based on the conventional cultivation method except for comparative items. Here, the difference between each of the previous examples and the cultivation method is that the addition amount of deep sea bittern in the test area is reduced only in the initial stage after planting, and thereafter, the amount is larger than the initial stage throughout the cultivation period. . Specifically, 20 to 50 cc per 100 m ² was added during the first irrigation, and 100 to 150 cc was added during the second and subsequent irrigation. The foliage was sprayed to the test area once every two weeks with the deep sea bittern added at a dilution rate of 1000 to 10,000 times.

  Table 7 shows the results of the test cultivation. Table 7 compares the component values of the edible part of melon obtained in each section. The contents of potassium, magnesium and free γ-aminobutyric acid were all higher in the test group. Note that γ-aminobutyric acid is also known as “gaba” and is a kind of free amino acid, which has been shown to be effective in preventing hypertension. All of these are characteristic components of melon, and it has been demonstrated that the increase in these components can improve the quality of melon. Potassium and magnesium are components that are contained in large amounts in deep sea bites, and it seems to be the effect of their addition, but it is noted that the effect of increasing the amount was also observed for γ-aminobutyric acid. An unknown useful salt contained in deep ocean water may have been affected.

  As described above, deep water bittern is added to the water supply during irrigation in melon soil cultivation, and the initial stage of cultivation reduces the amount of bittern added and then increases over the initial stage throughout the cultivation period. It was proved that the amount of characteristic components contained in melon increased and the quality improved by using the amount.

(Tomato hydroponics)
Trial cultivation was conducted for “Tomato (variety name: House Momotaro)”. In the hydroponic culture in the greenhouse, a test plot and a control plot were set up for comparative cultivation. Hydroponics is a method of growing by rooting in a solid medium or water instead of soil and giving a culture solution containing the necessary nutrients. In the control plot, minerals commonly used in nutrient solution were added, and in the test plot, deep sea bittern was added instead. Other nutrient solution components were the same. In the test area, the deep sea bittern was added at a dilution rate of 1000 to 10,000 times with respect to the nutrient solution constantly throughout the cultivation period.

  The results of test cultivation are shown in Table 8 in comparison with each section. As a whole, better results were obtained in the test plot, and it was proved that the cultivation method of the present invention was also effective in solution cultivation. Among them, it should be noted that a remarkable effect is recognized in the shape and the color and gloss are remarkably improved. The tomatoes obtained in the test area have been priced higher than the conventional products and proved to be extremely effective commercially.

  The amount of deep sea bittern added can be changed alternately. In this case, it is possible to stimulate the crops more and promote growth. When increasing the amount of deep sea bittern added, it may be increased not only in two stages but also in more stages. Further, the amount of deep sea bittern added may be gradually increased while increasing or decreasing alternately. In this case, it is possible to stimulate the crops and to increase the total amount of bittern in the deep sea, so that further growth promotion of the crops can be expected.

Schematic of the cultivation experiment conditions of Example 1 Photograph showing large ginger harvested in each ward

Explanation of symbols

1 Plastic House 2 Test Zone 3 Control Zone

Claims (5)

  A method for cultivating a crop, characterized by adding a bittern obtained from seawater to the supplied water when supplying water to the crop.   The method for cultivating agricultural products according to claim 1, wherein the seawater is deep seawater.   The method for cultivating crops according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of bittern added is changed throughout the cultivation period.   The method for cultivating agricultural crops according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of bittern added is increased throughout the cultivation period.   The method for cultivating agricultural crops according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the initial stage of cultivation is such that the amount of bittern added is reduced, and thereafter the amount added is larger than the initial stage throughout the cultivation period.