JP4942006B2 - Patch antenna and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a patch antenna, and more particularly, to a patch antenna that is miniaturized using a dielectric having a low dielectric constant.

  With the development of wireless communication technology, it has become possible to popularize information communication terminals such as mobile phones, PDAs, and GPS receivers. For these information communication terminals, patch antennas that are small and light and can be manufactured thin and flat are mainly used.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional patch antenna. The patch antenna of FIG. 1 is also called a ceramic patch antenna because it uses a ceramic dielectric substrate. The patch antenna of FIG. 1 has a dielectric substrate 10 formed with a predetermined thickness in between, a planar patch serving as an antenna is provided on one surface (upper surface), and the other surface (bottom surface) is in contact. A ground plane 14 is provided.

  Here, the patch 12 may have various shapes such as a quadrangle, a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, and a ring shape, but a quadrangle or a circle is mainly used.

  Power supply to the patch 12 includes a method of supplying power by providing a microstrip line or a method of supplying power by providing a probe (Probe). In a power feeding method using a microstrip line, antenna characteristics and input impedance (Impedance) vary depending on a power feeding position. Therefore, the matching between the feeder and the patch acts as an important element, but has an advantage of easy manufacture. In addition, since the power supply method using the probe can find the point where the matching is most successful and can supply power to that position, no separate matching circuit is required.

  In general, the size of the patch antenna is proportional to the wavelength of the design frequency. In order to reduce the size of the patch antenna by reducing the size of the patch antenna for the same frequency, a dielectric substrate having a high relative dielectric constant must be used.

  However, if a dielectric having a high relative dielectric constant is used, there is a limit that the radiation characteristic of the antenna is lowered, and as a result, the gain is lowered.

  Further, if the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric is increased, the production cost is relatively increased, and the production yield is rapidly decreased. Therefore, there is a limit to shortening the size of the antenna using a dielectric having a high relative dielectric constant.

  Patch antennas for solving such problems are presented in various structures. As an example, there is a patch antenna presented in Korean Patent No. 10-0562788.

  The antenna of the Korean Registered Patent No. 10-0562788 includes a patch having one or more ends formed in a “U” shape or an “E” shape; provided at a predetermined interval from the patch; A ground plate having an end portion formed in a “U” shape so as to surround the end portion of the patch; and a dielectric layer provided between the ground plate and the patch. The patch includes a patch main body having a predetermined planar shape, and a vertical portion and a horizontal portion formed by bending the end portion of the patch main body twice into a “U” shape or an “E” shape. The ground plate includes a plate main body having a predetermined planar shape, and a vertical portion and a horizontal portion that are bent from an end portion of the plate main body. The horizontal portion of the ground plate is located on the opposite side of the plate body with the patch in between.

  The Korean Registered Patent No. 10-0562788 is a foldable antenna patch, and when the dielectric layer is used as an air layer, the manufacturing and manufacturing process can be simplified. However, if a dielectric material having a high relative dielectric constant other than air is used for the dielectric layer in order to achieve the purpose of downsizing, there is a disadvantage that the manufacturing and manufacturing processes become complicated.

  Therefore, as an alternative, there is a patch antenna (Korean Registered Patent No. 10-0562786) using a dielectric lamination process.

  The patch antenna of the above-mentioned Korean Patent No. 10-0562786 includes a ground plate; a patch provided at a predetermined interval from the ground plate; a dielectric layer provided between the ground plate and the patch; And / or a plurality of projecting pieces arranged at a predetermined height on the ground plate at a predetermined interval.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the above-mentioned patch antenna of Korean Patent No. 10-0562786 has a thin dielectric film 50 formed thereon. The patch 20 is printed (coated) on the uppermost dielectric thin film 50. A plurality of protruding piece holes 54 are formed in a predetermined pattern on the dielectric thin film 50 on which the patch 20 is printed and other dielectric thin films 50, and the dielectric thin film 50 is laminated at a predetermined height. Subsequently, the protruding piece hole 54 is filled with a conductive material, heated, melted and fired to form a protruding piece in which a plurality of protrusions are continuously formed. Reference numeral 22 is a ground plate, and reference numeral 56 is a hole formed for feeding.

  The patch antenna shown in FIG. 2 has a structure in which a plurality of required dielectric films 50 are prepared, projecting piece holes 54 are formed in the respective dielectric films 50, and then laminated with a desired thickness. This is a more complicated process than the conventional patch antenna manufacturing process.

  In particular, in order for a general patch antenna to have a gain characteristic greater than a certain value, the thickness of the dielectric layer placed between the patch surface and the ground surface must be greater than a certain thickness. However, looking at the patch antenna of FIG. 2 completed using the dielectric laminating process, the process of forming the total thickness of the laminated dielectric film 50 to a desired thickness and the process of forming the protruding pieces are as follows. is necessary. Such a process is impossible unless an expensive manufacturing apparatus is used. Therefore, the manufacturing cost increases, and it becomes difficult to satisfy low-priced products that are requirements for PDA terminals and vehicle GPS antennas in the commercial market.

  The present invention has been derived in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and provides a patch antenna and a method for manufacturing the same, which can be miniaturized and mass-produced using a dielectric having a low relative dielectric constant. Is the purpose.

  In order to achieve the above object, a patch antenna according to the present invention includes a patch to which a feed line is connected; a ground plate provided at a predetermined interval from the patch; and between the patch and the ground plate. And a single dielectric layer formed with one or more holes having a predetermined depth.

  In particular, the inner surface of each hole formed in the dielectric layer is preferably coated with a conductive material.

  The upper opening of the hole is preferably in contact with the bottom edge of the patch.

  Meanwhile, a patch antenna according to the present invention includes a patch to which a feed line is connected; a ground plate provided at a predetermined interval from the patch; and a single dielectric layer provided between the patch and the ground plate. The patch and the dielectric layer are formed with one or more holes having a predetermined depth, and a conductive material is inserted into the holes.

  On the other hand, in the method for manufacturing a patch antenna according to the present invention, a dielectric layer having a predetermined thickness made of one dielectric film is prepared; one or more holes are formed in the dielectric layer by single punching. Applying a conductive material to the inner surface of the hole; and providing a patch on the upper surface of the dielectric layer in which the hole is formed, and providing a ground plate on the lower surface of the dielectric.

  In particular, when a patch is provided on the top surface of the dielectric layer in which the hole is formed, it is preferable that the upper opening of the hole is in contact with the bottom edge of the patch.

  On the other hand, in the method for manufacturing a patch antenna according to the present invention, a step of preparing a dielectric layer having a predetermined thickness made of one dielectric film; a step of providing a patch on the upper surface of the dielectric layer; And forming one or more holes in the patch and dielectric layer by single punching; inserting a conductive material into the holes; and providing a ground plate on the bottom surface of the dielectric layer including.

  Meanwhile, the patch antenna according to the present invention includes an upper patch; a lower patch separated into a plurality of patch groups, and each patch group separated into a plurality of patch slices by a plurality of slots; between the upper patch and the lower patch. A first dielectric layer provided on the bottom patch; and a second dielectric layer provided on a bottom of the lower patch, wherein the upper patch and the lower patch are electrically connected to each other by a hole penetrating the first dielectric layer. It is connected to.

  In particular, it is preferable to further include a ground plate provided at the bottom of the second dielectric layer.

  The hole is preferably formed to penetrate the edge of the first dielectric layer.

  Moreover, it is preferable that a conductive material is inserted into the hole.

  The inner surface of the hole is preferably applied with a conductive material.

  In addition, it is preferable that the plurality of patch groups of the lower patch are formed in a symmetrical shape between the patch groups facing each other.

  The first dielectric layer is preferably thicker than the second dielectric layer.

  The relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer is preferably higher than that of the first dielectric layer.

  As described above in detail, the present invention has the following effects.

  In the case of the first embodiment, an antenna is realized by punching a plurality of holes in a low dielectric constant dielectric layer made of one thin film. Therefore, it is possible not only to manufacture the antenna much more easily than the existing dielectric laminated system, but also to mass-produce it by a low-cost manufacturing process.

  In the case of the second embodiment, after holes are formed in the patch and the dielectric layer having a low dielectric constant, the holes are not plated and are connected to the patch using metal pins or the like. Therefore, a small-sized and low-priced patch antenna can be easily produced in large quantities.

  In the case of the third embodiment, the patches are an upper patch and a lower patch in which a plurality of holes are opened, and slots are formed in the lower patch using two low dielectric constant dielectric layers. Therefore, it is excellent in radiation efficiency, gain characteristics, and the like as compared with the existing folding patch antenna. In addition, it is possible to realize a resonant frequency that is to be realized with a size smaller than that of an existing folding patch antenna.

  In the case of the fourth embodiment, it is possible to provide a patch antenna having a reduced size while satisfying a desired frequency by removing the ground plate and improving the radiation gain. Therefore, mass production is possible by a low-priced manufacturing process.

  In the first to fourth embodiments, even when a low dielectric constant dielectric is used, an antenna having the same resonance frequency as that of an existing high dielectric constant antenna can be realized.

  In addition, since the first to fourth embodiments use a low dielectric material, unlike the conventional patch antenna using a high dielectric material, the resonance frequency and the ratio of miniaturization can be changed by holes and slots. A miniaturized antenna that can satisfy a desired size and frequency can be manufactured.

It is a perspective view for demonstrating the structure of the conventional antenna. FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view for schematically explaining a method of forming a patch antenna using a dielectric film in a conventional iris patch antenna. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a patch antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a combined perspective view of FIG. 3. It is sectional drawing of the AA line of FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5. It is a disassembled perspective view for demonstrating the structure of the patch antenna by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the modification of FIG. It is a graph for demonstrating that the conventional reflection loss can be obtained with the patch antenna by 1st Embodiment or 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the patch antenna by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 11 is a combined state diagram of FIG. 10. (A) is a figure which shows the upper surface part of the 1st dielectric material layer shown by FIG. 11, (b) is a figure which shows the bottom face part of the 1st dielectric material layer shown by FIG. It is a graph for comparing the bandwidth of the patch antenna according to the third embodiment of the present invention and the conventional patch antenna, (a) is a graph showing the bandwidth of the conventional patch antenna, (b) is a third of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the bandwidth of the patch antenna by embodiment. It is the graph which compared the reflection loss of the conventional folding patch antenna and the patch antenna by 3rd Embodiment of this invention, (a) is a graph which shows the reflection loss of the conventional folding patch antenna, (b) is this invention. It is a graph which shows the reflection loss of the patch antenna by 3rd Embodiment of this. It is a graph for comparing the gain characteristics of the patch antenna according to the third embodiment of the present invention and the conventional patch antenna, (a) is a graph showing the gain characteristics of the conventional patch antenna, (b) is the graph of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the gain characteristic of the patch antenna by 3 embodiment. 6 is a graph for comparing the gain characteristics of a conventional folding patch antenna and the patch antenna according to the third embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a graph showing the gain characteristics of a conventional folding patch antenna, and (b) is a graph showing the gain characteristics of the conventional folding patch antenna. It is a graph which shows the gain characteristic of the patch antenna by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the patch antenna by 4th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 18 is a combined state diagram of FIG. 17. It is a figure which shows the bottom face part of the 1st dielectric material layer shown by FIG.

  Hereinafter, the patch antenna of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(First embodiment)
3 is an exploded perspective view of the patch antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a combined perspective view of FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5.

  The patch antenna according to the first embodiment includes a patch 70 in which a through hole 70 a is formed and a feed line 96 is connected to a feed point (not shown) through the through hole 70 a; A grounding plate 80 provided at a predetermined interval; and a dielectric layer (or a dielectric substrate) provided between the patch 70 and the grounding plate and having at least one hole (92, 94) formed by punching. 90 is included.

  Here, the patch 70 is a thin plate made of a metal material having high electrical conductivity such as copper, aluminum, gold, or silver.

  The diameter of the through hole 80 a of the ground plate 80 is larger than the diameter of the feeder line 96. This is to prevent a short circuit with the feeder line 96.

  In addition, the dielectric layer 90 can be formed with a plurality of sheets (dielectric films) with a desired thickness, and in the first embodiment, a layer with a desired thickness is formed with one sheet.

  In addition, a through hole 90a is formed in the dielectric layer 90, and a power supply line 96 for supplying power to the patch 70 is inserted through the through hole 90a. One end of the inserted feeding line 96 is connected to a feeding point (not shown) of the patch 70. The other end of the feeder 96 passes through the through hole 80a of the ground plate 80 and is usually connected to a PCB substrate (not shown).

  Further, the holes (92, 94) formed in the dielectric layer 90 are the edge portions of the dielectric layer 90 (more specifically, the portion corresponding to the outermost portion of the facing portions when facing the patch 70). Formed. This is easily formed by punching. In the first embodiment, a plurality of holes (92 a to 92 n; 92) are formed in the lower left portion of the upper surface of the dielectric layer 90 by punching. In addition, a plurality of holes (94a to 94n; 94) are formed in the right downward portion of the upper surface of the dielectric layer 90 by punching.

  In FIG. 3, holes (92, 94) are formed on the left / right side of the top surface of the dielectric layer 90. However, the top surface edge of the dielectric layer 90 (more specifically, when facing the patch 70, You may form a whole hole along the site | part applicable to the outermost outline of them. The holes (92, 94) are formed in the dielectric layer 90 to have a predetermined depth.

  The inner surfaces of the holes (92, 94) are coated with a conductive material for electrical connection with the patch 70.

  The holes (92, 94) can be formed in various shapes such as a circle, a triangle, a quadrangle, and a pentagon.

  Also, the diameter and number of holes (92, 94) may vary depending on the desired resonant frequency. In other words, the resonance frequency can be changed by changing the size, number, and length of the holes (92, 94). Therefore, the diameter and the number of the holes (92, 94) vary depending on the resonance frequency to be realized. Further, the smaller the number of holes (92, 94), the narrower the interval between the holes (92, 94), and the larger the diameter of the holes (92, 94), the higher the size reduction ratio of the patch antenna. Further, when the holes (92, 94) are not formed so as to penetrate, that is, when the holes (92, 94) are formed at a predetermined depth, the smaller the depth of the holes (92, 94), the smaller the size reduction ratio. Becomes higher.

  Various methods can be adopted to manufacture the patch antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, and one of them will be described below.

  First, a dielectric layer 90 having a relative dielectric constant of, for example, 7.5, a size of 25 * 25 mm, and a thickness of 4 m is prepared.

  Next, holes (92, 94) are formed in the edge portion of the dielectric layer 90 prepared as described above by using a normal punching machine (for example, a punching machine used in a PCB substrate manufacturing process; not shown) or a drill. Form. At this time, the holes (92, 94) to be formed may penetrate the dielectric layer 90 and may be formed at a certain depth (for example, 3.2 mm).

  Next, the inner surface of the hole (92, 94) is coated with a conductive material.

  Further, a patch 70 is provided on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 90 in which the holes (92, 94) are formed, and a ground plate 80 is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric layer 90. When the patch 70 is provided on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 90 in which the holes (92, 94) are formed, the upper openings of the holes (92, 94) are in contact with the bottom edge of the patch 70.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view for explaining the configuration of the patch antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  In the first embodiment of the present invention described above, holes (92, 94) are formed at the edge of the dielectric layer 90, and the inner side surfaces of the holes (92, 94) are coated with a conductive material. However, in the second embodiment of the present invention, a hole 95 having a predetermined diameter is formed in the patch 70 and the dielectric layer 90, and the metal pin 100 is inserted into the hole 95.

  That is, in FIG. 7, a hole 95 having a predetermined diameter is drilled along the edge of the patch 70. In addition, a hole 95 having the same diameter as the hole of the patch 70 is formed at a predetermined depth at an edge of the dielectric layer 90 (that is, a position corresponding to the hole position of the patch 70).

  Here, each hole 95 formed in the dielectric layer 90 may penetrate the dielectric layer 90 and may have a predetermined depth. Further, the depths of the holes 95 formed in the dielectric layer 90 are considered to be the same.

  When the hole 95 is formed, it is preferable to form a hole using a normal punching machine after the patch 70 is laminated on the dielectric layer 90 in order to make a lower priced product (patch antenna). .

  Further, the metal pin 100 is inserted into the hole 95. The metal pin 100 may be hollow at the center. The metal pin 100 is directly connected to the patch 70 or is connected by soldering or the like.

  FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing a modification of FIG. FIG. 8 is a modification of FIG. 7, and there is a difference in the depth of the hole 95 and the length of the metal pin 100.

  That is, in FIG. 7, the depths of the holes 95 formed in the dielectric layer 90 are the same, but in FIG. Thereby, the depth of the metal pin 100 is also different.

  In FIG. 8, the dielectric layer 90 is shown as having a rectangular plane. In other words, seven holes 95 are formed on each side of the dielectric layer 90, and the depth of the central hole among the seven holes 95 is the deepest, and the central hole is the same. The depth became shallower as it was farther away. This is for realizing circularly polarized waves by making the lengths of the holes 95 different and making the lengths from the power feeding unit to the radiator different. Of course, if necessary, the depth of the hole 95 may be reversed. The reason why the holes 95 are formed in each side of the dielectric layer 90 in this way is that the strength of the electric field at that portion is the strongest. Therefore, if the part is deformed, the resonance frequency can be adjusted. As one method for obtaining a desired resonance frequency, the depth of the hole 95 may be adjusted. As a result, the length of the metal pin 100 inserted into the hole 95 is also different from each other so as to correspond to the depth of the hole 95 to be inserted.

  In particular, in FIGS. 7 and 8 described above, it is not necessary to plate the inner surface of the hole 95 in order to use the metal pin 100. In other words, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the inner surface of the hole is plated, but in the second embodiment of the present invention and its modified embodiments, metal pins are used. Since it is not necessary to apply the inner side surface of the hole with a conductive material, a low-priced patch antenna can be realized more easily than the first embodiment of the present invention.

  Various methods can be adopted to manufacture the patch antenna according to the second embodiment and the modified embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, and one of them will be described below.

  First, a dielectric layer 90 having a relative dielectric constant of, for example, 7.5, a size of 25 * 25 mm, and a thickness of 4 mm is prepared.

  Next, a patch 70 is provided on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 90.

  Next, the patch 70 and the dielectric layer 90 are integrated, and a plurality of holes 95 are formed at the edge using a normal punching machine (for example, a punching machine used in a PCB substrate manufacturing process; not shown) or a drill. To form. At this time, the hole 95 to be formed may penetrate the dielectric layer 90 and may be formed with a predetermined depth (for example, 3.2 mm). Of course, the depths of the holes 95 formed in the dielectric layer 90 may be different from each other.

  Further, a conductive material such as the metal pin 100 is inserted into the hole 95.

  Finally, a ground plate 80 is provided on the bottom surface of the dielectric layer 90.

  FIG. 9 is a graph for explaining that the conventional reflection loss can be obtained by the patch antenna according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 9, a is a graph showing the reflection loss of an existing GPS antenna (for example, an antenna having a dielectric layer size of 25 * 25 mm, a dielectric layer thickness of 4 mm, and a relative dielectric constant of 20). And b is a conventional GPS antenna using a dielectric laminate and an iris (for example, the size of the dielectric layer is 25 * 25 mm, the thickness of the dielectric layer is 4 mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 20 mm). It is a graph which shows the reflection loss of an antenna.

  Referring to FIG. 9, when the same size, width and relative permittivity are used, the resonance frequency (b) of the conventional GPS antenna using the dielectric laminate and the iris is the resonance frequency (a) of the existing GPS antenna. It can be seen that it has moved to the low frequency side by about 500 MHz or more. This means that the effect of increasing the length of the antenna by the iris is shown.

  Therefore, although the patch antenna according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment of the present invention resonates in the resonance frequency band of the existing GPS antenna, the size thereof can be further reduced. For example, in the case of the patch antenna of the first embodiment, the size of the patch 70 is 22 * 22 mm, the size of the dielectric layer 90 is 25 * 25 * 4 mm, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 90 is 7.5, and the dielectric layer When a patch antenna is realized with seven 90 holes (92, 94) each and a depth of the holes (92, 94) of 3.2 mm, the antenna resonates in the resonance frequency band of the existing GPS antenna.

  That is, the resonance frequency can be changed depending on the number and length of the holes (92, 94) of the dielectric layer 90. Therefore, even if a dielectric having a low relative dielectric constant (low dielectric) is employed, the same radiation characteristics and electrical characteristics as those employing a dielectric having a high relative dielectric constant (high dielectric) can be satisfied. This means that problems such as a decrease in production yield and an increase in product unit price can be solved.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a patch antenna according to a third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 11 is a combined state diagram of FIG. 10, and FIG. 12a is a top view of the first dielectric layer shown in FIG. FIG. 12 b is a diagram illustrating a bottom surface portion of the first dielectric layer illustrated in FIG. 11.

  The patch antenna according to the third embodiment includes an upper patch 110, a lower patch 120, a first dielectric layer 130, a second dielectric layer 140, and a ground plate 150.

  The upper patch 110 is a thin plate made of a metal material having high electrical conductivity such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver, and the like, and has a through hole 112 formed therein. A feed line (not shown) is connected to a feed point (not shown) through the through hole 112. In addition, holes 132 having a predetermined diameter are formed in the edge portions (for example, four places) of the upper patch 110.

  The lower patch 120 is a thin plate made of the same material as the upper patch 110. The lower patch 120 is separated into a plurality of patch groups (four patch groups in FIG. 11), and each patch group is separated into a plurality of patch slices 121 by a plurality of slots 122. The plurality of patch groups of the lower patch 120 are formed to be separated from each other. In FIG. 10, the patch groups facing each other are formed in a symmetric shape, but may be formed in an asymmetric shape. A hole 132 having a predetermined diameter is formed in the outermost portion of each patch group of the lower patch 120 (that is, the outermost side of the patch thin piece 121).

  Here, the narrower the interval between the slots 122, the larger the capacitor value formed between them, so that a lower resonance frequency characteristic is obtained.

  The first dielectric layer 130 is provided between the upper patch 110 and the lower patch 120. A hole 132 having a predetermined diameter is formed in the edge portion of the first dielectric layer 130 (for example, a position corresponding to the position of the hole 132 of the upper patch 110 and the lower patch 120) in the downward direction. At this time, the hole 132 preferably penetrates the first dielectric 130, but may be formed to have a predetermined depth.

  Here, the holes 132 formed in the upper patch 110, the lower patch 120, and the first dielectric layer 130 are formed at the same position. Further, in order to electrically connect the upper patch 110 and the lower patch 120, a conductive material such as a metal pin 160 is inserted into the hole 132. The metal pin 160 may be hollow at the center.

  That is, in the case of FIG. 10, the upper patch 110 and the lower patch 120 are electrically connected using the metal pin 160, but the upper patch 110 and the lower patch 120 are not connected to each other without the metal pin 160. Can be connected. For example, the upper patch 110 and the lower patch 120 can be connected by applying the holes 132 with a conductive material. This should be fully understood by those skilled in the art without providing a separate drawing. In the case of the third embodiment, rather than adding the metal pin 160, it is more preferable in terms of reducing the number of manufacturing steps that the holes are coated with a conductive material after punching.

  If the upper patch 110 and the lower patch 120 are separated from each other with the first dielectric layer 130 interposed therebetween, the patch is physically the same as the existing folding patch antenna (Korean Registered Patent No. 10-0562788). Has an area. However, the slot 122 formed in the lower patch 120 has a broadband characteristic due to the coupling phenomenon between the patch flakes 121. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, the bandwidth (see (b)) of the patch antenna according to the third embodiment of the present invention is 40 MHz, and the bandwidth of the existing folding patch antenna (see (a)) is 20 MHz. Compared to broadband characteristics.

  14, the resonance frequency of the existing folding patch antenna (1.791196875 GHz; see (a)) and the resonance frequency of the patch antenna according to the third embodiment (see 1.575 GHz; see (b)). Is different. This is because the patch size of the existing folding patch antenna should be larger than the patch size of the third embodiment of the present invention in order to give the existing folding patch antenna the characteristic of the resonance frequency of 1.575 GHz. I understand that.

  On the other hand, in FIG. 10, the first dielectric layer 130 is thicker than the second dielectric layer 140. For example, if the thickness of the first dielectric layer 130 is 3.2 mm, the thickness of the second dielectric layer 140 is about 0.8 mm. A through hole 112 is also formed in the second dielectric layer 140. The phenomenon that the resonance frequency decreases as the dielectric layer positioned above with a constant thickness increases, but for the purpose of downsizing, in the third embodiment, the thickness of the first dielectric layer 130 positioned above is changed. The thickness was larger than the thickness of the second dielectric layer 140 located below.

  In the third embodiment, the relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer 140 is set higher than that of the first dielectric layer 130. The relative dielectric constants of the first dielectric layer 130 and the second dielectric layer 140 may be the same, but are preferably different. The reason is to make the patch antenna more compact. In other words, by increasing the relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer 140, the effect of electrically increasing the physical length of the lower patch 120 can be obtained. Therefore, the antenna can be further downsized. In addition, the gain characteristic has an advantage that it can be improved as compared with an existing structure that realizes miniaturization while increasing the relative dielectric constant.

  The total thickness of the first dielectric layer 130 and the second dielectric layer 140 is the thickness of the existing patch antenna.

  The ground plate 150 is formed with a through hole 112 having a diameter larger than that of a power supply line (not shown). A feed line (not shown) connected to a feed point (not shown) of the upper patch 110 through the through hole 112 is inserted. One end of the inserted feed line (not shown) is connected to a feed point (not shown) of the upper patch 110, and the other end of the feed line (not shown) passes through the through hole 112 of the ground plate 150. It penetrates and is usually connected to a PCB substrate (not shown).

  FIG. 15 is a diagram comparing the gain characteristics of the patch antenna according to the third embodiment and the gain characteristics of the existing patch antenna. As shown in FIG. 15, the gain characteristic (see (b)) of the patch antenna of the third embodiment is slightly lower than the gain characteristic (see (a)) of the existing patch antenna. However, when compared with the existing folding patch antenna, as shown in FIG. 16, the gain characteristic (see (a)) of the existing folding patch antenna is −0.09 dBi, which is according to the third embodiment. The gain characteristic (see (b)) of the patch antenna is 2.97 dBi. There is a difference in gain characteristics of about 3 dBi. Therefore, according to the patch antenna of 3rd Embodiment, it turns out that the fall problem of the radiation characteristic in the existing folding patch antenna was improved.

(Fourth embodiment)
17 is an exploded perspective view of a patch antenna according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 18 is a combined state diagram of FIG. 17, and FIG. 19 is a bottom view of the first dielectric layer shown in FIG. FIG.

  The patch antenna according to the fourth embodiment includes an upper patch 210, a lower patch 220, a first dielectric layer 230, and a second dielectric layer 240.

  The upper patch 210, the first dielectric layer 230, and the second dielectric layer 240 have the same configuration and function as the upper patch 110, the first dielectric layer 130, and the second dielectric layer 140 in the third embodiment. Then you can see. Therefore, the description of the upper patch 210, the first dielectric layer 230, and the second dielectric layer 240 is replaced with the contents of the third embodiment. Such alternatives are obvious to those skilled in the art.

  The following description will focus on other configurations and functions of the patch antenna according to the fourth embodiment as compared with the patch antenna according to the third embodiment.

  The market demands a patch antenna that always has a good radiation gain and a small size. In order to meet such demands, antenna manufacturing companies and others are making great efforts.

  Generally, if the ground plate is removed from the patch antenna, the radiation gain of the patch antenna is improved. Therefore, it is preferable to remove the ground plate to realize the patch antenna in order to improve the antenna characteristics. However, when the ground plate is removed, the resonance frequency band of the patch antenna also increases, and it is difficult to realize a desired resonance frequency without increasing the size of the patch antenna. That is, conventionally, in order to realize a patch antenna having a good radiation gain, it has been necessary to reduce the patch antenna to a desired resonance frequency by increasing the patch antenna size and increasing the patch size.

  However, the patch antenna according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a patch antenna that satisfies the desired resonance frequency and radiation gain without increasing the size of the patch antenna by changing the structure and shape of the lower patch 220. be able to.

  The lower patch 220 is formed on the bottom surface of the first dielectric layer 230. The lower patch 220 is a thin plate made of the same material as the upper patch 210. The lower patch 220 is separated into a plurality of patch groups (four patch groups in FIG. 19), and each patch group is separated into a plurality of patch slices 221 by a plurality of slots 222. The plurality of patch groups of the lower patch 220 are formed to be separated from each other. Here, the narrower the interval between the plurality of patch groups of the slot 222 and the lower patch 220, the larger the capacitor value formed between them, so that resonance occurs at a lower resonance frequency. Therefore, the patch antenna according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is a capacitor formed between the plurality of patch groups of the slot 222 and the lower patch 220 with a narrower interval than the patch antenna according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Increase the value. This means that it is possible to resonate at a lower resonance frequency without increasing the size of the patch antenna. Therefore, the fourth embodiment of the present invention can provide a miniaturized patch antenna that satisfies a desired frequency while improving the radiation gain.

  In FIG. 19, the lower patch 220 is formed in a symmetric shape between patch groups facing each other, but may be formed in an asymmetric shape. Further, the shape of the lower patch 220 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 19, and includes all shapes that can be easily inferred by those skilled in the art through this specification.

  A hole 232 having a predetermined diameter is formed in the outermost portion of each patch group of the lower patch 220 (that is, the outermost side of the patch thin piece 221).

  On the other hand, in the case of a patch antenna employing a dielectric layer having a high dielectric constant (for example, a relative dielectric constant of 20 or more), it is not easy to accurately measure the resonance frequency in the production step unless a ground plate is formed. This is because, in the case of a patch antenna employing a high dielectric material, the resonance frequency measured greatly changes depending on the degree of grounding. In other words, if the patch antenna is not formed with a ground plate, it is not easy to completely ground the patch antenna to the ground plane using a jig. If the grounding is not complete, it is difficult to accurately measure the resonance frequency due to the characteristics of the high dielectric. Therefore, a patch antenna employing a high dielectric constant dielectric layer (high dielectric) generally has a ground plate formed on the bottom surface of the dielectric layer.

  However, the patch antenna according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention employs dielectric layers (230, 240) having a low dielectric (for example, a relative dielectric constant of 5). In the case of a patch antenna employing a low dielectric material, the measured resonance frequency is substantially constant regardless of the degree of grounding. Therefore, at the time of production, it is possible to measure the resonance frequency relatively accurately even if the grounding is not completely performed in the measurement step. For this reason, the patch antenna according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention that employs a low dielectric material does not require a ground plate to be formed on the bottom surface of the dielectric layer.

  On the other hand, the present invention is not limited only to the above-described embodiment, and can be implemented with modifications and variations within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention, and a technology to which such modifications and variations are added. The idea should also be regarded as belonging to the following claims.

70: Patch 80: Ground plate 90: Dielectric layer 92, 94, 95, 132, 232: Hole 100, 160, 260: Metal pin 110, 210: Upper patch 112, 212: Through hole 120, 220: Lower patch 121 , 221: Patch flakes 122, 222: Slots 130, 230: First dielectric layer 140, 240: Second dielectric layer 150: Ground plate

Claims (8)

Top patch;
Lower patch formed separately so as to isolate from each other the plurality of patch groups, each patch group including a plurality of patch pieces separated by a plurality of slots;
A first dielectric layer provided between the upper patch and the lower patch; and a second dielectric layer provided at the bottom of the lower patch;
The patch antenna, wherein the upper patch and the lower patch are electrically connected to each other through a hole penetrating the first dielectric layer.   The patch antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a ground plate provided at a bottom of the second dielectric layer.   The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the hole is formed to penetrate an edge of the first dielectric layer.   The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein a conductive material is inserted into the hole.   The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the hole is coated with a conductive material.   The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of patch groups of the lower patch are formed in a symmetrical shape between patch groups facing each other.   The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first dielectric layer is larger than the thickness of the second dielectric layer.   The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein a relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer is higher than a relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer.

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