JP4910733B2 - Electric double layer capacitor - Google Patents

Electric double layer capacitor Download PDF

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JP4910733B2
JP4910733B2 JP2007023923A JP2007023923A JP4910733B2 JP 4910733 B2 JP4910733 B2 JP 4910733B2 JP 2007023923 A JP2007023923 A JP 2007023923A JP 2007023923 A JP2007023923 A JP 2007023923A JP 4910733 B2 JP4910733 B2 JP 4910733B2
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electric double
layer capacitor
double layer
long side
current
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JP2008192727A (en
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論 堀越
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Meidensha Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric double-layer capacitor suppressing the occurrence of a leakage current from an electrode end face. <P>SOLUTION: In the electric double-layer capacitor 20, two belt-like collectors 2, 3, where an active carbon electrode 1 is arranged on both sides, are wound via a separator 4 and are stored in a tubular member 11, and an electrolyte is injected inside for sealing. In this case, seal members 5, 6 are provided along long side sections 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b of the collectors 2, 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、電気二重層キャパシタに関し、特に自己放電を低減させる巻回型電気二重層キャパシタに関する。   The present invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor, and more particularly to a wound electric double layer capacitor that reduces self-discharge.

電気二重層キャパシタは、分極性電極に電解質中のアニオン、カチオンを正極、負極表面に物理吸着させて電気を蓄えることを原理としている。   The electric double layer capacitor is based on the principle that an anion and a cation in an electrolyte are physically adsorbed on a polarizable electrode on the positive electrode and negative electrode surfaces to store electricity.

電気二重層キャパシタのうち巻回型電気二重層キャパシタ（以後、キャパシタと呼称する）としては、例えば、特許文献１に記載の電気二重層キャパシタや、図４および図５に示すようなキャパシタ１００が挙げられる。このキャパシタ１００は、両面に活性炭電極１０１が塗布された帯状のアルミ箔（集電体）１０２，１０３を有している。これら集電体１０２，１０３の間にイオンが通過可能なセパレータ１０４が挟まれ、一方の集電体１０２の他側面側にもセパレータ１０４が配置されている。一方の集電体１０２は−（マイナス）極となり、他方の集電体１０３は＋（プラス）極となっている。集電体１０２，１０３の一方の長辺部１０２ａ，１０３ａには、複数の集電タブ１０６，１０７がそれぞれ設けられている。これら集電体１０２，１０３、セパレータ１０４が巻回されてなるキャパシタ素子１１０が円筒管１０５内に収容された後に、内部に電解液が注入され活性炭電極１０１などに染み込まされている。電解液が円筒管１０５内に注入された後に、蓋（図示せず）が取り付けられて密封されている。なお、上述した集電タブ１０６，１０７は、最終的に、＋極，−極でそれぞれ束ねられ、円筒管１０５から外部に電気が取り出されている。   Among the electric double layer capacitors, examples of the wound electric double layer capacitor (hereinafter referred to as “capacitor”) include, for example, the electric double layer capacitor described in Patent Document 1 and the capacitor 100 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Can be mentioned. The capacitor 100 has strip-shaped aluminum foils (current collectors) 102 and 103 having activated carbon electrodes 101 applied on both sides. A separator 104 through which ions can pass is sandwiched between the current collectors 102 and 103, and the separator 104 is also disposed on the other side surface of one current collector 102. One current collector 102 is a-(minus) pole, and the other current collector 103 is a + (plus) pole. A plurality of current collecting tabs 106 and 107 are provided on one long side portion 102a and 103a of the current collectors 102 and 103, respectively. After the capacitor element 110 formed by winding the current collectors 102 and 103 and the separator 104 is accommodated in the cylindrical tube 105, an electrolyte is injected into the activated carbon electrode 101 and the like. After the electrolytic solution is injected into the cylindrical tube 105, a lid (not shown) is attached and sealed. Note that the above-described current collecting tabs 106 and 107 are finally bundled with a positive pole and a negative pole, respectively, and electricity is taken out from the cylindrical tube 105 to the outside.

特開２００２−８３７４９号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-83749

しかしながら、上述したキャパシタ１００では、電極の面積を比較的大きくできるため内部抵抗を小さくして大電流で充放電ができるものの、図５に示すように、断面において、＋極と−極が近い距離でセパレータ１０４を介して複数並んでおり、＋極−極が電解液で導電する構造となっているため、充電を行うと、＋極と−極間には微少であるが漏れ電流が発生してしまう。   However, in the capacitor 100 described above, the area of the electrode can be made relatively large, so that the internal resistance can be reduced and charging / discharging can be performed with a large current. However, as shown in FIG. In this case, a plurality of + electrodes and -electrodes are electrically connected by an electrolyte solution. Therefore, when charging is performed, a slight leakage current is generated between the + electrode and the -electrode. End up.

すなわち、図６に示すように、上述した漏れ電流が電極端面となる集電体１０２（１０３）の長辺部１０２ａ，１０２ｂ（１０３ａ，１０３ｂ）および短辺部１０２ｃ，１０２ｄ（１０３ｃ，１０３ｄ）で生じるため、電極（集電体１０２，０３）の長さに比例して自己放電も漸増してしまう。その結果、キャパシタの大型化を制限してしまう一要因となっていた。   That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the leakage current described above is generated in the long side portions 102 a and 102 b (103 a and 103 b) and the short side portions 102 c and 102 d (103 c and 103 d) of the current collector 102 (103) serving as the electrode end face. Therefore, self-discharge gradually increases in proportion to the length of the electrodes (current collectors 102 and 03). As a result, this is one factor that limits the increase in size of the capacitor.

そこで、本発明は、前述した問題に鑑み提案されたもので、電極端面からの漏れ電流の発生を抑制するようにした電気二重層キャパシタを提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric double layer capacitor that suppresses generation of leakage current from an electrode end face.

前述した課題を解決する第１の発明に係る電気二重層キャパシタは、両側面に活性炭電極が配置された２つの帯状の集電体がセパレータを介し巻回されて筒状部材に収容され、内部に電解液が注入され密封されてなる電気二重層キャパシタであって、前記集電体の長辺部に沿ってシール部材を設け、前記シール部材が、前記集電体の長辺部にそれぞれ配置されると共に、前記長辺部の一方に配置されるシール部材が、隙間を設けて配置されることを特徴とする。 In the electric double layer capacitor according to the first invention for solving the above-mentioned problem, two strip-shaped current collectors having activated carbon electrodes arranged on both side surfaces are wound through a separator and accommodated in a cylindrical member, An electric double layer capacitor in which an electrolyte is injected and sealed, and a sealing member is provided along the long side portion of the current collector, and the sealing member is disposed on the long side portion of the current collector. In addition, the seal member disposed on one of the long side portions is disposed with a gap .

本発明に係る電気二重層キャパシタによれば、両側面に活性炭電極が配置された２つの帯状の集電体がセパレータを介し巻回されて筒状部材に収容され、内部に電解液が注入され密封されてなる電気二重層キャパシタであって、前記集電体の長辺部に沿ってシール部材を設けたことで、この集電体の長辺部での電解液による漏れ電流の発生が抑制されて、優れた自己放電特性（電圧保持特性）を示すようになり、長時間の満充電待機用途にて非常に有利となる。前記シール部材が、前記集電体の長辺部にそれぞれ配置されると共に、前記長辺部の一方に配置されるシール部材が、隙間を設けて配置されることにより、上述した作用効果に加え、活性炭電極、集電体、およびセパレータを巻回しこれを筒状部材内に収容した後に活性炭電極などへ電解液を含浸させることができる。これにより、製造工程を大幅に変更することなく製造することができ、製造コストの増加を抑制することができる。 According to the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, two strip-shaped current collectors having activated carbon electrodes arranged on both sides are wound through a separator and accommodated in a cylindrical member, and an electrolyte is injected therein. The sealed electric double layer capacitor is provided with a sealing member along the long side of the current collector, thereby suppressing the occurrence of leakage current due to the electrolyte at the long side of the current collector Thus, it exhibits excellent self-discharge characteristics (voltage holding characteristics), which is very advantageous for long-time full-charge standby applications. In addition to the above-described effects, the seal member is disposed on the long side portion of the current collector, and the seal member disposed on one of the long side portions is provided with a gap. The activated carbon electrode, the current collector, and the separator are wound and accommodated in the cylindrical member, and then the activated carbon electrode or the like can be impregnated with the electrolytic solution. Thereby, it can manufacture without changing a manufacturing process significantly, and can suppress the increase in manufacturing cost.

以下に、本発明を実施するための最良の形態に係る電気二重層キャパシタについて実施例を用いて具体的に説明する。   Hereinafter, the electric double layer capacitor according to the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.

本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタについて、図面を用いて具体的に以下に説明する。
図１は、本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタのシール構造の説明図であり、図１（ａ）にその断面を示し、図１（ｂ）にその側面を示し、図１（ｃ）にその概略を示す。図２は、本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタの模式図である。図３は、放置時間と電圧保持率との関係を示すグラフである。この図３において、実線は本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタの場合を示し、一点破線は従来の電気二重層キャパシタの場合を示す。 The electric double layer capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a sealing structure of an electric double layer capacitor according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 (a) shows a cross section thereof, FIG. The outline is shown in 1 (c). FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electric double layer capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the standing time and the voltage holding ratio. In FIG. 3, the solid line shows the case of the electric double layer capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and the dashed line shows the case of the conventional electric double layer capacitor.

本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタ２０は、図１および図２に示すように、両側面に活性炭電極１が配置された２つの帯状の集電体２，３を有する。集電体２と集電体３の間に、イオンが通過可能なセパレータ４が挟み込まれ、一方の集電体２の他側面側にもセパレータ４が配置される。集電体２，３およびセパレータ４が巻回されてなるキャパシタ素子１０は、円筒管（筒状部材）１１に収容される。集電体２（３）の両側面には、この長辺部２ａ，２ｂ（３ａ，３ｂ）に沿ってシール部材５，６が設けられる。ただし、これらシール部材５，６は、活性炭電極１よりも肉厚な形状であり、活性炭電極１とは離間して配置される。なお、キャパシタ素子１０の中心には、巻き芯７が配置される。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the electric double layer capacitor 20 according to the first embodiment of the present invention has two strip-shaped current collectors 2 and 3 in which activated carbon electrodes 1 are arranged on both side surfaces. A separator 4 through which ions can pass is sandwiched between the current collector 2 and the current collector 3, and the separator 4 is also disposed on the other side of the one current collector 2. The capacitor element 10 formed by winding the current collectors 2 and 3 and the separator 4 is accommodated in a cylindrical tube (tubular member) 11. Seal members 5 and 6 are provided on both side surfaces of the current collector 2 (3) along the long side portions 2a and 2b (3a and 3b). However, these sealing members 5 and 6 have a thicker shape than the activated carbon electrode 1 and are disposed apart from the activated carbon electrode 1. A winding core 7 is disposed at the center of the capacitor element 10.

シール部材５，６は、集電体２，３への塗布および集電体２，３への接着により設けられる。一方のシール部材５は、複数であり、隙間を設けて配置される。具体的には、図１（ｂ）に示すように、集電体２（３）における一方の長辺部２ａ（３ａ）には集電タブ８が設けられ、この長辺部２ａ（３ａ）に配置されるシール部材５は、隙間を設けて配置される。ただし、集電タブ８近傍には、シール部材５が配置される。これにより、集電体２，３およびセパレータ４を円筒管１１に収容した後に、この内部に電解液を注入することができる。シール部材５，６は、集電体２（３）の長辺部２ａ，２ｂ（３ａ，３ｂ）に沿って延在し、この幅が３ｍｍ以上１０ｍｍ以下の範囲となる形状である。シール部材５，６は、幅が３ｍｍより狭いと、集電体２，３およびセパレータ４を巻回したときにシール構造とすることができず、幅が１０ｍｍより広いと、集電体２，３の両側面に配置される活性炭電極１の面積が小さくなり、電圧保持力が低下してしまう。よって、上述した位置にシール部材５，６を設けたことで、活性炭電極１などに含浸された電解液により集電体２（３）の長辺部２ａ，２ｂ（３ａ，３ｂ）で導電するのが防がれ、この端面における漏れ電流の発生が抑制される。   The seal members 5 and 6 are provided by application to the current collectors 2 and 3 and adhesion to the current collectors 2 and 3. One seal member 5 is plural, and is arranged with a gap. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1B, a current collecting tab 8 is provided on one long side 2a (3a) of the current collector 2 (3), and the long side 2a (3a). The seal member 5 disposed in the is disposed with a gap. However, the seal member 5 is disposed in the vicinity of the current collecting tab 8. Thus, after the current collectors 2 and 3 and the separator 4 are accommodated in the cylindrical tube 11, the electrolytic solution can be injected therein. The seal members 5 and 6 extend along the long side portions 2a and 2b (3a and 3b) of the current collector 2 (3), and have a shape in which the width is in a range of 3 mm to 10 mm. If the width of the seal members 5 and 6 is narrower than 3 mm, the current collectors 2 and 3 and the separator 4 cannot be sealed when wound, and if the width is larger than 10 mm, the current collectors 2 and 2 As a result, the area of the activated carbon electrode 1 arranged on both side surfaces of the three is reduced, and the voltage holding power is reduced. Therefore, by providing the seal members 5 and 6 at the above-described positions, the long side portions 2a and 2b (3a and 3b) of the current collector 2 (3) are electrically conducted by the electrolytic solution impregnated in the activated carbon electrode 1 and the like. Is prevented, and the occurrence of leakage current at the end face is suppressed.

シール部材５，６としては、上述した電解液溶媒で劣化しない弾性体が挙げられ、好適にはＥＰＤＭ系のゴム、ブチル系のゴムが挙げられる。   Examples of the sealing members 5 and 6 include elastic bodies that do not deteriorate with the above-described electrolyte solvent, and preferably include EPDM rubber and butyl rubber.

ここで、放置時間と電圧保持率との関係について、本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタ２０の場合と従来の電気二重層キャパシタの場合とを図３を用いて比較する。ただし、試験条件は２．５Ｖで電気二重層キャパシタを２４時間定電圧で充電した後、２０℃の環境で放置し、電圧の変化をモニタしたものである。   Here, regarding the relationship between the standing time and the voltage holding ratio, the case of the electric double layer capacitor 20 according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the case of the conventional electric double layer capacitor will be compared using FIG. However, the test conditions were 2.5V and the electric double layer capacitor was charged at a constant voltage for 24 hours and then left in an environment of 20 ° C. to monitor the change in voltage.

この図３に示すように、自己放電開始から２４時間後には、従来の電気二重層キャパシタでは、電圧保持率が８３％まで低下したのに対して、本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタ２０では、電圧保持率が９２％までしか低下しなかった。このような結果を漏れ電流に換算すると、本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタ２０の漏れ電流は、従来の電気二重層キャパシタの漏れ電流の１／２０以下に低減することを確認できた。   As shown in FIG. 3, after 24 hours from the start of self-discharge, in the conventional electric double layer capacitor, the voltage holding ratio decreased to 83%, whereas in the electric double layer capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention, In the double layer capacitor 20, the voltage holding ratio decreased only to 92%. When such a result is converted into a leakage current, the leakage current of the electric double layer capacitor 20 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is reduced to 1/20 or less of the leakage current of the conventional electric double layer capacitor. It could be confirmed.

よって、電気二重層キャパシタ２０で電極端部にシール部材５，６を設けることでキャパシタ内での漏れ電流が低減し、優れた自己放電特性（電圧保持特性）を示すようになり、長時間の満充電待機用途では非常に有利となることが分かった。   Therefore, by providing the sealing members 5 and 6 at the electrode ends of the electric double layer capacitor 20, the leakage current in the capacitor is reduced, and excellent self-discharge characteristics (voltage holding characteristics) are exhibited. It has been found that it is very advantageous for a fully charged standby application.

したがって、本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタ２０によれば、集電体２，３の長辺部２ａ，２ｂ、３ａ，３ｂにシール部材５，６を設けたことにより、この集電体２，３の長辺部２ａ，２ｂ、３ａ，３ｂでの電解液による漏れ電流の発生が抑制され、優れた自己放電特性（電圧保持特性）を示すようになる。   Therefore, according to the electric double layer capacitor 20 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the seal members 5 and 6 are provided on the long sides 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b of the current collectors 2 and 3, respectively. The occurrence of leakage current due to the electrolyte in the long sides 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b of the current collectors 2, 3 is suppressed, and excellent self-discharge characteristics (voltage holding characteristics) are exhibited.

さらに、一方のシール部材５が、隙間を設けて配置されることにより、活性炭電極１、集電体２，３、セパレータ４を巻回しこれを筒状部材１１内に収容した後に活性炭電極１などへ電解液を含浸させることができる。これにより、製造工程を大幅に変更することなく製造することができ、製造コストの増加を抑制することができる。   Further, the activated carbon electrode 1, the current collectors 2, 3, and the separator 4 are wound and accommodated in the cylindrical member 11 by arranging one of the seal members 5 with a gap, and then the activated carbon electrode 1, etc. It can be impregnated with electrolyte. Thereby, it can manufacture without changing a manufacturing process significantly, and can suppress the increase in manufacturing cost.

本発明は、電気二重層キャパシタに利用することが可能である。   The present invention can be used for an electric double layer capacitor.

本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタのシール構造の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the sealing structure of the electric double layer capacitor which concerns on the 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施例に係る電気二重層キャパシタの模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the electric double layer capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 放置時間と電圧保持率との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between leaving time and a voltage holding | maintenance rate. 従来の電気二重層キャパシタの概略図である。It is the schematic of the conventional electric double layer capacitor. 従来の電気二重層キャパシタの模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the conventional electric double layer capacitor. 従来の電気二重層キャパシタにおける漏れ電流発生の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of leak current generation in the conventional electric double layer capacitor.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 活性炭電極
２，３ 集電体
４ セパレータ
５，６ シール部材
７ 巻き芯
８ 集電タブ
１０ キャパシタ素子
１１ 円筒管（筒状部材）
２０ 電気二重層キャパシタ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Activated carbon electrode 2, 3 Current collector 4 Separator 5, 6 Seal member 7 Winding core 8 Current collection tab 10 Capacitor element 11 Cylindrical tube (tubular member)
20 Electric double layer capacitor

Claims (1)

両側面に活性炭電極が配置された２つの帯状の集電体がセパレータを介し巻回されて筒状部材に収容され、内部に電解液が注入され密封されてなる電気二重層キャパシタであって、
前記集電体の長辺部に沿ってシール部材を設け、
前記シール部材は、前記集電体の長辺部にそれぞれ配置されると共に、前記長辺部の一方に配置されるシール部材は、隙間を設けて配置される
ことを特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタ。 An electric double layer capacitor in which two strip-shaped current collectors having activated carbon electrodes arranged on both sides are wound through a separator and accommodated in a cylindrical member, and an electrolyte is injected and sealed therein,
A seal member is provided along the long side of the current collector ,
The seal member is disposed on each of the long side portions of the current collector, and the seal member disposed on one of the long side portions is disposed with a gap. Electric double layer capacitor.
JP2007023923A 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Electric double layer capacitor Expired - Fee Related JP4910733B2 (en)

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