JP4850989B2 - Coating method - Google Patents

Coating method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4850989B2
JP4850989B2 JP24104599A JP24104599A JP4850989B2 JP 4850989 B2 JP4850989 B2 JP 4850989B2 JP 24104599 A JP24104599 A JP 24104599A JP 24104599 A JP24104599 A JP 24104599A JP 4850989 B2 JP4850989 B2 JP 4850989B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
coating
coating film
undried
powder slurry
paint
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JP24104599A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2001064546A (en
Inventor
徹 竹内
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、自動車に代表される工業塗装ラインの塗装工程においてVOC排出抑制と焼付けエネルギー削減を両立する塗膜形成方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在、地球温暖化の主要因とされるCO2発生を抑制するために塗装工程のエネルギー消費を極力削減するため様々な塗装工程改善案が提案されており、塗装ラインの縮小化や焼付け工程の削減、焼付け時間の短縮、あるいは焼付け温度の低温化などが要求されている。
工業塗装ラインの代表とされる自動車ラインの塗装工程は、表面処理された自動車ボディに防錆機能を付与するための電着塗装を施した後、中塗り塗料を塗布し焼付け、上塗り塗料を塗布して再度焼付けるのが一般的である。
上塗り塗料がソリッド塗料の場合、塗装および焼付け工程は各一回だが、メタリック塗料の場合は、ベース塗料を塗布後クリヤー塗料を塗布して一度で焼付ける2コート1ベーク工程が採用されている。つまり、電着塗装後の塗装工程は、中塗り/上塗り工程を含めて、ソリッド仕上げの場合は2コート2ベーク、メタリック仕上げの場合は3コート2ベークの工程が採用されている。
【0003】
中塗り塗料や上塗り塗料は溶剤型塗料が主流だが、一部の塗装ラインではVOC規制に対応すべく有機溶剤を極力使用しないハイソリッド型塗料や水性塗料を中塗り工程や上塗り工程に採用するようになってきている。最近では上塗りのクリヤー塗料にゼロエミッションを実現できる粉体塗料や粉体スラリー塗料を採用してVOC規制をパスしている例も少なくない。
また、最近ではVOC規制と焼付け工程削減の両立を狙って、水性中塗り塗料を塗布後、水性ベース塗料、粉体スラリークリヤー塗料を塗布して一度で焼付ける工程等も提案されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、これらは次のような欠点があった。
【0005】
中塗り塗料および上塗り塗料が溶剤型塗料の場合、現状でのVOC規制には適合させることはできても、将来のVOC規制に対応することは困難である。特に先進国である欧米での規制にパスするためには溶剤型塗料の組み合わせでは不可能に近い。中塗り塗料を水性塗料にしたり、塗着効率の低い(VOC発生量の多い)ベース塗料を水性塗料にすることが考えられるが、水性塗料は雰囲気温湿度の影響を受けやすく、特に水性ベース塗料は高湿度下では正常な仕上がりが得られる雰囲気条件範囲が狭いため、溶剤型ベース塗料に比べると塗装ブースの空調に要するエネルギーが大きくなるという問題がある。色替え工程のない中塗り塗料やクリヤー塗料を粉体塗料にする工程も考えられるが、粉体塗料の塗装設備は現状の液体塗料用設備とは全く異なるため、ラインに適用すると大幅な設備改造が必要となる。粉体塗料は回収再利用が可能なので塗料の使用効率は向上するが、回収粉体中のゴミ物除去や粒径分布の安定性等に問題が山積しており設備改善に課題が残されている。本発明は、VOC規制に対応し水性ベース塗料が広範囲な雰囲気条件で正常な仕上がりが得られ、且つ焼付け工程が削減できる塗膜形成方法を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は上記した従来からの問題点を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、粉体スラリー中塗り塗料を塗布し、工業塗装ラインのブローオフゾーンにおいてセッティングと同時に風速3〜5m/sec、30℃〜70℃の温風を使用して水分をブローオフした未乾燥塗膜を形成し、次いで形成された第一の未乾燥塗膜表面にメタリック顔料を含有する水性ベース塗料を塗布する工程を含むことを特徴とする塗膜形成方法、及び粉体スラリー中塗り塗料を塗布し、工業塗装ラインのブローオフゾーンにおいてセッティングと同時に風速3〜5m/sec、30℃〜70℃の温風を使用して水分をブローオフした第一の未乾燥塗膜を形成し、次いで形成された第一の未乾燥塗膜表面にメタリック顔料を含有する水性ベース塗料を塗布して水分をブローオフすることにより第二の未乾燥塗膜を形成し、更に、形成された第二の未乾燥塗膜表面に粉体スラリークリヤー塗料を塗布して第三の未乾燥塗膜を形成した後、これらの未乾燥塗膜を同時に焼付ける工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の塗膜形成方法により解決することを見出し、本発明を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、粉体スラリー中塗り塗料を電着塗装が終了した被塗物に塗布し、セッティングと同時にブローオフゾーンに於いて、粉体の溶融温度に至らない低温の温風で塗膜中の余分な水分を蒸発させることができる。通常は30〜70℃、好ましくは45〜55℃の温風を使用し、風速は被塗物面上で3〜5m/sec以下が望ましい。風速が強過ぎると中塗り塗膜が流動して平滑性が損なわれしまうし、弱過ぎるとブローオフ工程が長くなるラインスペース上の不具合が発生する。
【0008】
粉体スラリー中塗り塗料は、従来から公知の粉体スラリー塗料に着色顔料を配合した熱硬化型中塗り塗料が使用できる。特に、該塗料で使用される樹脂としては、従来から付着性に機能をおいた水酸基含有ポリエステル系基体樹脂にメラミン架橋剤を配合したものが、特に好ましい。
次いで、適性な未乾燥状態に保たれた粉体スラリー中塗り塗膜に水性ベース塗料が塗布されると、塗着した水性ベース塗料の霧化粒子中の余分な水分は粉体スラリーの中塗り塗膜に吸水され、ベース塗膜中のメタリック顔料であるアルミ粒子やマイカ粒子等の流動が抑制される。水性ベース塗料は従来から自動車用として使用されている、水性水酸基含有アクリル系基体樹脂や水性水酸基含有ポリエステル系基体樹脂にメラミン架橋剤やブロックポリイソシアネート架橋剤を硬化性樹脂組成物にメタリック、着色雲母顔料や着色顔料等の着色剤を配合してなるを使用することが、特に好ましい。
【0009】
水性ベース塗料の塗布終了後、余分な水分をブローオフゾーンに於いて蒸発させる。通常は30〜90℃、好ましくは50〜70℃の温風を使用し、風速は被塗物面上で3〜5m/sec以下が望ましい。約2分程度で水性ベース塗膜のNV(固形分、以下、同様の意味を示す)を80重量%以上に上昇させる。IR((遠)赤外乾燥、以下、同様の意味を示す)を併用することも可能で、ラインスペースに余裕がない場合は効果的である。その場合は前半にIRゾーンを設け、後半に温風ゾーンを設けると良い。時間配分はIRが1分、温風が1分程度が望ましい。
【0010】
水性ベース塗膜の予備乾燥が終了したら、その上に粉体スラリークリヤー塗料を塗布する。クリヤー塗料に適性のある樹脂は耐候性に重点をおいたアクリル系が望ましい。粉体スラリークリヤー塗料の塗布終了後、セッティングと同時に予備乾燥を行ない、粉体スラリー中塗り塗膜と水性ベース塗膜および粉体スラリークリヤー塗膜を一度に焼付ける。焼付け温度は通常140℃〜160℃で、焼付け時間は20分〜30分程度である。ワキやピンホールなどの塗膜欠陥を抑制するために焼付け温度を二段階に設定し、例えば前半90℃で10分焼付けた後、後半160℃で20分焼付ける等の方法を採用すると塗面の仕上がり向上に効果的である。
【0011】
【実施例】
図1は本発明の実施例による工程説明図である。図2は従来の代表的な自動車塗装ラインの工程説明図である。アルカリ脱脂された被塗物パネルにカチオン電着塗料(エポキシポリアミン樹脂/ブロックポリイソシアネート架橋剤を硬化性樹脂組成物とする塗料)を約25ミクロンのドライ膜厚になるように電着塗装を行なった。次に該被塗物パネルに粉体スラリー中塗り塗料(関西ペイント株式会社製、商品名、PS100プライマー)を塗布した。塗装機はコーペスμマイクロベル(ランズバーグ社製、商品名)を使用、印加電圧は-60kv、回転数30000rpm、シェーピングエアー圧2kg/cm2、吐出量210cc/min、塗装距離30cmで霧化させた。自動機条件はコンベア速度3.0m/min、レシプロ幅1.0m、レシプロ速度30m/minで塗り重ね塗装を行ない、約45ミクロン(ドライ膜厚)の中塗り塗膜を形成した。その後、60℃の温風(塗面上風速で約3m/sec)で約5分のブローオフを実施した。次にブローオフ終了後の塗膜に水性ベース塗料(関西ペイント株式会社製、商品名、WT-500シルバーメタリック)を塗布した。塗装機にはメタベル(ランズバーグ社製、商品名)を使用し、印加電圧は-60kv、回転数15000rpm、シェーピングエアー圧3kg/cm2、吐出量160cc/min、塗装距離25cmで霧化させた。自動機条件は粉体スラリー中塗り塗料の塗り重ね条件と同様である。形成された膜厚は約13ミクロン(ドライ膜厚)で、塗装終了後80℃の温風(塗面上風速:平均5m/sec)で約3分間ブローオフを実施した。次にブローオフ終了後の塗膜に粉体スラリークリヤー塗料(関西ペイント株式会社製、商品名、PS200クリヤー)を塗布した。塗装機および自動機条件は、粉体スラリー中塗り塗料の塗装条件と同様である。塗装終了後、中塗り塗料/ベース塗料/クリヤー塗料の3層の形成膜に対し二段焼付けを実施した。まず、90℃に設定された焼付け炉で約10分焼付けた後、160℃に設定された焼付け炉で20分焼付けを行なった。
【0012】
以上の塗装工程により、シルバーメタリック仕上げの3コート1ベーク塗装が実施され、ブローオフしない従来の塗装方法により形成された塗膜はメタリック配向性が劣っていたが本発明により形成された塗膜は非常に良好なメタリック仕上げを得ることができた。
【0013】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、中塗り塗料には粉体スラリー塗料、上塗り塗料には水性ベース塗料と粉体スラリークリヤー塗料を採用したのでVOCの発生はほとんどない。 ブローオフゾーンは必要になるが焼付け工程が一つ削減されるのでエネルギー削減とラインスペースの縮小が可能となる。
【0014】
ブローオフされた粉体スラリーの中塗り塗膜がもつ吸水性を利用してメタリック塗料の塗着初期における流動を抑制するので、ブースの雰囲気条件が高湿度条件でも顔料の配向性が良好になりメタリックムラや被塗物エッジのヨリムラ等の不具合が解消され、良好な仕上がりをうることができる。結果的に塗装ブースの空調制御領域が広がり、温湿度の空調に使用されるエネルギーが大幅に削減されることになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の実施例による工程説明図である。
【図2】 従来の代表的な自動車塗装ラインの工程説明図である。
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a coating film forming method that achieves both VOC emission suppression and baking energy reduction in a coating process of an industrial coating line represented by an automobile.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, various painting process improvement proposals have been proposed to reduce the energy consumption of the painting process as much as possible in order to suppress the generation of CO 2 , which is a major cause of global warming. Reduction, shortening of baking time, or lowering of baking temperature is required.
The painting process of the automobile line, which is representative of the industrial painting line, is applied to the surface-treated automobile body by electrodeposition coating to give a rust prevention function, then applied with an intermediate coating, baked, and then applied with a top coating It is common to bake again.
When the top coat is a solid paint, the painting and baking process is performed once. However, in the case of a metallic paint, a 2-coat 1-bake process is applied in which the base paint is applied and then the clear paint is applied and baked at once. In other words, the coating process after electrodeposition coating includes a 2-coat 2-bake process for solid finishes and a 3-coat 2-bake process for metallic finishes, including an intermediate coating / top coating process.
[0003]
Solvent-type paints are the mainstream for intermediate-coat paints and top-coat paints, but in some paint lines, high-solid paints and water-based paints that do not use organic solvents as much as possible are used in intermediate and overcoat processes in order to comply with VOC regulations. It is becoming. In recent years, there have been many cases where VOC regulations have been passed by adopting powder paints and powder slurry paints that can achieve zero emissions for the clear paint of the top coat.
Recently, with the aim of achieving both VOC regulations and reducing the baking process, a process has been proposed in which an aqueous intermediate coating is applied, and then an aqueous base coating and a powder slurry clear coating are applied and baked at once.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, these have the following drawbacks.
[0005]
When the intermediate coating and top coating are solvent-based paints, they can be adapted to the current VOC regulations, but it is difficult to meet the future VOC regulations. In particular, it is almost impossible to combine solvent-based paints in order to pass regulations in developed countries such as Europe and America. It is conceivable to use an intermediate paint as a water-based paint, or a base paint with low coating efficiency (high VOC generation) as a water-based paint. However, water-based paints are easily affected by ambient temperature and humidity. However, there is a problem that the energy required for air conditioning of the paint booth becomes larger than that of the solvent-based base paint because the atmospheric condition range in which a normal finish can be obtained under high humidity is narrow. Although it is conceivable to use an intermediate coating or clear coating that does not have a color change process, the powder coating equipment is completely different from the current liquid coating equipment. Is required. Powder paint can be recovered and reused, improving paint usage efficiency. However, there are many problems in the removal of dust in the recovered powder and the stability of particle size distribution. Yes. The present invention provides a method for forming a coating film that can meet the VOC regulations, and that a water-based base paint can obtain a normal finish under a wide range of atmospheric conditions and can reduce the baking process.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present inventor applied a powder slurry intermediate coating , and at the same time as setting in the blow-off zone of an industrial coating line, the wind speed was 3 to 5 m / sec. Forming an undried coating film in which moisture is blown off using hot air of 30 ° C. to 70 ° C., and then applying an aqueous base paint containing a metallic pigment to the surface of the first undried coating film formed Coating film forming method characterized by containing, and applying powder slurry intermediate coating, and using the wind speed of 3-5m / sec, warm air of 30 ℃ ~ 70 ℃ at the same time as setting in the blow-off zone of industrial coating line To form a first undried coating film from which moisture has been blown off, and then apply a water-based base coating material containing a metallic pigment to the surface of the formed first undried coating film. After forming a second undried coating film by applying a powder slurry clear coating to the surface of the second undried coating film formed, and forming a third undried coating film The present invention is found by solving the problem by the method for forming a coating film according to claim 1, which comprises a step of simultaneously baking these undried coating films.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the powder slurry intermediate coating is applied to the object to be electrodeposited, and at the same time as setting, in the blow-off zone, the low temperature warm air that does not reach the melting temperature of the powder is applied to the coating film. Excess water can be evaporated. Usually, warm air of 30 to 70 ° C., preferably 45 to 55 ° C. is used, and the wind speed is desirably 3 to 5 m / sec or less on the surface to be coated. If the wind speed is too strong, the intermediate coating film will flow and the smoothness will be impaired, and if it is too weak, there will be a problem on the line space that will lengthen the blow-off process.
[0008]
As the powder slurry intermediate coating, a thermosetting intermediate coating in which a color pigment is blended with a conventionally known powder slurry coating can be used. In particular, the resin used in the paint is particularly preferably a resin containing a hydroxyl group-containing polyester base resin having a function of adhesion and a melamine crosslinking agent.
Next, when the aqueous base coating is applied to the powder slurry intermediate coating film kept in a suitable undried state, excess water in the atomized particles of the applied aqueous base coating is removed by the intermediate coating of the powder slurry. Water absorption by the coating film suppresses the flow of aluminum particles, mica particles, and the like, which are metallic pigments in the base coating film. Aqueous base paints are conventionally used for automobiles. Aqueous hydroxyl group-containing acrylic base resins and aqueous hydroxyl group-containing polyester base resins are mixed with a melamine cross-linking agent or a block polyisocyanate cross-linking agent in a curable resin composition. It is particularly preferable to use a mixture of colorants such as pigments and color pigments.
[0009]
After application of the aqueous base paint is completed, excess water is evaporated in the blow-off zone. Usually, warm air of 30 to 90 ° C., preferably 50 to 70 ° C. is used, and the wind speed is desirably 3 to 5 m / sec or less on the surface to be coated. In about 2 minutes, the NV (solid content, hereinafter the same meaning) of the aqueous base coating film is increased to 80% by weight or more. IR ((far) infrared drying, which has the same meaning hereinafter) can also be used in combination, and is effective when there is no room in the line space. In that case, it is better to provide an IR zone in the first half and a warm air zone in the second half. The time allocation is preferably 1 minute for IR and 1 minute for hot air.
[0010]
When the preliminary drying of the aqueous base coating film is completed, a powder slurry clear coating is applied thereon. The resin suitable for the clear coating is preferably an acrylic resin with an emphasis on weather resistance. After the application of the powder slurry clear coating, preliminary drying is performed simultaneously with the setting, and the powder slurry intermediate coating film, the aqueous base coating film and the powder slurry clear coating film are baked at once. The baking temperature is usually 140 ° C. to 160 ° C., and the baking time is about 20 minutes to 30 minutes. In order to suppress coating film defects such as armpits and pinholes, the baking temperature is set in two stages. For example, after baking for 10 minutes at 90 ° C in the first half and then baking for 20 minutes at 160 ° C in the second half, the coating surface It is effective for improving the finish.
[0011]
【Example】
FIG. 1 is a process explanatory diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a process explanatory diagram of a conventional typical automobile painting line. Electrodeposition coating is applied to a panel that has been degreased with alkali so that a cationic electrodeposition paint (epoxy polyamine resin / block polyisocyanate crosslinking agent as a curable resin composition) is applied to a dry film thickness of about 25 microns. It was. Next, a powder slurry intermediate coating (trade name, PS100 primer, manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.) was applied to the panel to be coated. The coater uses a Corpus µ Microbell (trade name, manufactured by Landsburg), the applied voltage is -60kv, the rotation speed is 30000rpm, the shaping air pressure is 2kg / cm 2 , the discharge rate is 210cc / min, and the coating distance is 30cm. It was. Automatic machine conditions were: Conveyor speed 3.0m / min, Reciprocating width 1.0m, Reciprocating speed 30m / min. Overcoat was applied to form an intermediate coating film of about 45 microns (dry film thickness). Thereafter, blow-off was performed for about 5 minutes with 60 ° C. warm air (approx. 3 m / sec on the coating surface). Next, a water-based base coating (manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., trade name, WT-500 silver metallic) was applied to the coating film after the blow-off was completed. Metabell (trade name, manufactured by Landsburg) was used as the coating machine, and the atomization was performed at an applied voltage of -60kv, a rotation speed of 15000rpm, a shaping air pressure of 3kg / cm 2 , a discharge rate of 160cc / min, and a coating distance of 25cm. . The automatic machine conditions are the same as those for the powder slurry intermediate coating. The formed film thickness was about 13 microns (dry film thickness), and blow-off was performed for about 3 minutes with warm air at 80 ° C (wind speed on the coating surface: average 5 m / sec) after the completion of coating. Next, a powder slurry clear coating (manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., trade name: PS200 clear) was applied to the coating film after completion of blow-off. The coating machine and automatic machine conditions are the same as the coating conditions of the powder slurry intermediate coating. After painting, two-stage baking was performed on the three-layered film of intermediate paint / base paint / clear paint. First, after baking for about 10 minutes in a baking oven set at 90 ° C., baking was carried out for 20 minutes in a baking oven set at 160 ° C.
[0012]
Through the above coating process, 3 coats and 1 bake coating with silver metallic finish was carried out, and the coating film formed by the conventional coating method without blow-off was inferior in metallic orientation, but the coating film formed by the present invention was very A good metallic finish could be obtained.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a powder slurry paint is used for the intermediate coating, and an aqueous base paint and a powder slurry clear coating are used for the top coating, so there is almost no VOC generation. Although a blow-off zone is required, one baking process is reduced, so energy and line space can be reduced.
[0014]
By utilizing the water absorption property of the intermediate coating of the blown-off powder slurry, the flow of the metallic paint at the initial stage of application is suppressed, so that the orientation of the pigment is improved even when the booth's atmospheric conditions are high humidity. Problems such as unevenness and yorimra on the edge of the object are eliminated, and a good finish can be obtained. As a result, the air conditioning control area of the painting booth is expanded, and the energy used for temperature and humidity air conditioning is greatly reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process explanatory diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process explanatory diagram of a conventional typical automobile painting line.

Claims (2)

粉体スラリー中塗り塗料を塗布し、工業塗装ラインのブローオフゾーンにおいてセッティングと同時に風速3〜5m/sec、30℃〜70℃の温風を使用して水分をブローオフした未乾燥塗膜を形成し、次いで形成された第一の未乾燥塗膜表面にメタリック顔料を含有する水性ベース塗料を塗布する工程を含むことを特徴とする塗膜形成方法。Apply a powder slurry intermediate coating, and form an undried coating film that blows off moisture using warm air of 30 ° C to 70 ° C at a wind speed of 3-5m / sec at the same time as setting in the blow-off zone of an industrial coating line. Then, a method of forming a coating film, comprising the step of applying an aqueous base coating material containing a metallic pigment to the surface of the first undried coating film formed. 粉体スラリー中塗り塗料を塗布し、工業塗装ラインのブローオフゾーンにおいてセッティングと同時に風速3〜5m/sec、30℃〜70℃の温風を使用して水分をブローオフした第一の未乾燥塗膜を形成し、次いで形成された第一の未乾燥塗膜表面にメタリック顔料を含有する水性ベース塗料を塗布して水分をブローオフすることにより第二の未乾燥塗膜を形成し、更に、形成された第二の未乾燥塗膜表面に粉体スラリークリヤー塗料を塗布して第三の未乾燥塗膜を形成した後、これらの未乾燥塗膜を同時に焼付ける工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の塗膜形成方法。」The first undried coating film with a powder slurry intermediate coating applied and blown off using hot air of 30 ° C to 70 ° C with a wind speed of 3-5m / sec at the same time as setting in the blow-off zone of an industrial coating line Next, an aqueous base paint containing a metallic pigment is applied to the surface of the formed first undried coating film, and moisture is blown off to form a second undried coating film. A step of applying a powder slurry clear coating to the surface of the second undried coating film to form a third undried coating film, and then baking these undried coating films simultaneously. Item 2. A method for forming a coating film according to Item 1. "
JP24104599A 1999-08-27 1999-08-27 Coating method Expired - Fee Related JP4850989B2 (en)

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JPS5486528A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-10 Toyota Motor Corp Two-coat one-bake aqueous coating composition
JPS5765354A (en) * 1980-10-09 1982-04-20 Kansai Paint Co Ltd Formation of hardened paint film
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