JP4829582B2 - outer wall - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an outer wall of a building, and more particularly, to an outer wall in which a heat insulating space layer is provided inside the outer wall panel over substantially the entire vertical length of the outer wall panel.

  Conventionally, a ventilation wall in which a heat insulating material is provided between an exterior material and an interior material and a ventilation space is formed between the exterior material and the heat insulating material is known from Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and the like. The ventilation wall provided with this ventilation space is provided with an inlet for allowing outdoor air to flow into the ventilation space at the lower end and an outlet for discharging the air of the ventilation space to the outdoors at the upper end. Humidity in the room is allowed to escape to the ventilation space, and the moisture is discharged to the outside by ventilating the inside of the ventilation space. In this way, when a room is heated in winter by providing ventilation space in the ventilation wall and exhausting indoor moisture through the ventilation space to reduce indoor humidity (reducing the amount of water vapor), Even if the temperature of the interior surface of the ventilation wall decreases due to the temperature difference between the temperature of the interior and the room, condensation is unlikely to occur in this portion.

However, with conventional ventilation walls, outdoor air passes from the bottom of the ventilation space up through the inside of the ventilation space, so the surface of the heat insulating material facing the ventilation space is always exposed to the outside air, especially in winter. As a result, the heat insulation performance of the walls was lowered, and as a result, it was necessary to increase the heating temperature in the room, resulting in poor energy efficiency.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-13708 JP 2001-3467 A

  This invention is invented in view of said conventional problem, Comprising: It aims at providing the outer wall which can ensure moisture release performance, without reducing heat insulation performance.

In order to solve the above problems, the outer wall according to the present invention forms a heat insulating space layer 2 over the substantially entire length in the vertical direction A of the outer wall panel 1 inside the outer wall panel 1, and the outdoor side of the heat insulating space layer 2 is While covering with the exterior material 16 which comprises the site | part of the outer side of an outer wall panel, the indoor side of the heat insulation space layer 2 is covered with the moisture permeable part 3 which consists of a moisture permeable material which comprises the site | part of the inner side of the outer wall panel 1, and the said heat insulation Only the upper end portion of the space layer 2 is formed with a vent hole 4 communicating with the outside for generating natural convection of air in the heat insulating space layer 2 and releasing moisture inside the outer wall panel 1 to the outside. .

  By adopting such a configuration, the heat insulation performance of the outer wall panel 1 is improved by the presence of the heat insulating space layer 2, and in the season where air conditioning is required, the indoor heat retention is improved and the energy efficiency can be increased. By forming the vent hole 4 communicating with the outside only in the upper end portion of the heat insulating space layer 2, natural convection of air is generated in the heat insulating space layer 2 due to the temperature difference between the outside of the building and the inside of the outer wall panel 1. In addition, moisture inside the outer wall panel 1 can be released to the outside through the vent hole 4 at the upper end portion, and the moisture release performance is improved, so that condensation is not generated on the surface of the interior side B of the interior material during heating in winter. During the cooling in summer, condensation can be prevented from occurring inside the outer wall panel 1, and condensation and mold generation inside the indoor side B and the outer wall panel 1 can be efficiently prevented. Further, since the air is replaced by natural convection, no electricity bill is required, no noise is generated, and it is not necessary to provide an air inlet like the conventional ventilation wall at the lower end of the outer wall panel 1.

  In the present invention, only the upper end portion of the heat insulation space layer is formed with a vent hole communicating with the outside for generating natural convection of air in the heat insulation space layer and releasing moisture inside the outer wall panel to the outside. As a result, it is possible to obtain an outer wall that is excellent in both the moisture release performance and is economically and environmentally hygienic and that can satisfy the comfort of living.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of an outer wall of a one-story building, in which an outer wall panel 1 is built between a foundation 5 and a roof beam. A heat insulating space layer 2 is formed inside the outer wall panel 1. In the heat insulating space layer 2, the portions other than the upper end portion, that is, the lower end portion and the side end portion are respectively closed, and only the upper end portion is opened.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of an outer wall of a two-story building, in which the outer wall panel 1 on the first floor is built between the foundation 5 and the floor beam 6 and between the floor beam 6 and the roof beam 7. The outer wall panel 1 on the second floor is built, and the outer side C of the floor beam 6 is covered with a curtain plate 8 to form a two-story outer wall. Here, a communication hole 9 communicating with the vent hole 4 in the upper end portion of the heat insulation space layer 2 inside the outer wall panel 1 on the first floor is opened at the lower end portion of the heat insulation space layer 2 inside the outer wall panel 1 on the second floor. Thus, the heat insulating space layer 2 inside the outer wall panel 1 on the first floor and the heat insulating space layer 2 inside the outer wall panel 1 on the second floor communicate with each other through a gap 8 a on the back surface of the curtain plate 8. The outer wall panel 1 on the second floor is attached to the lower surface of the lower horizontal frame member of the panel frame 10 (FIG. 4) at the upper end of the floor beam 6. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG.

  Here, in the outer wall panel 1 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, column members 11 are erected at appropriate intervals in the horizontal direction, and a heat insulating material 12 is disposed between the column members 11. An interior base material 13 is fixed on the indoor side of the pillar material 11, and an interior material 14 is fixed on the indoor side B of the interior base material 13. The heat insulating material 12, the interior base material 13, and the interior material 14 each constitute a moisture permeable portion 3 made of a moisture permeable material. Further, a crosspiece 15 is fixed to the outdoor side C of the column member 11, and an exterior material 16 is fixed to the outdoor side C of the crosspiece 15, and a predetermined thickness is provided between the exterior material 16 and the heat insulating material 12. The heat insulation space layer 2 is formed. The heat insulating space layer 2 is formed over substantially the entire length in the vertical direction A of the outer wall panel 1 and a spacer 30 described later is inserted. In addition, a vent hole 4 communicating with the outside is formed only in the upper end portion of the heat insulating space layer 2. The ventilation holes 4 function to generate natural convection of air in the heat insulating space layer 2 to release moisture inside the outer wall panel 1 to the outside.

  In addition, the said exterior material 16 is comprised, for example with the ceramic industry exterior panel which made the slurry of the raw material mixture of cement and a wooden reinforcement material, and was cured and hardened. The heat insulating material 12, the interior base material 13, and the interior material 14 are all made of a moisture-permeable material, and the heat insulating material 12 is made of a fiber-based heat insulating material such as rock wool or glass wool. The interior base material 13 includes, for example, a heat insulating board 13a and an interior base board 13b, and these are composed of, for example, a particle board, a styrene foam board, a stainless foam, or the like. The interior material 14 is made of, for example, a gypsum board.

  The heat insulating space layer 2 is set to have a front-rear width of, for example, 500 mm, a vertical width of, for example, 2570 mm, and a left-right width of, for example, 24 mm. The vent hole 4 has a front-rear width of, for example, 50 mm and a left-right width of, for example, 24 mm. The thickness of the heat insulating material 12 is set to 65 mm, for example.

  If an example of the procedure which constructs the outer wall panel 1 of the said structure is demonstrated, the outer wall panel 1 will be formed previously in a factory. At this time, the lower end portion of the heat insulating space layer 2 of the outer wall panel 1 is sealed with the crosspiece 20. The outer wall panel 1 is transported to the site for construction. The outer wall panel 1 is attached to the lower surface of the lower horizontal frame member of the panel frame 10 (FIG. 4) on the upper end of the vertical piece of the base hardware 21 attached on the foundation 5 and the upper surface portion of the upper horizontal frame member of the panel frame 10. It is erected by being attached to the lower end of the roof beam 7. In addition, the upper end part of the foundation parting material 17 is fixed to the outer surface of the horizontal crosspiece 20 which covers the lower end part of the heat insulation space layer 2, and the lower end part of the outer wall panel 1 and the upper end part of the foundation 5 are fixed by the foundation parting material 17. To cover the gap.

  Thus, the outer wall panel 1 of the present invention is improved in heat insulation performance due to the presence of the heat insulating space layer 2, the indoor heat retention is improved in the season that requires air conditioning, and energy efficiency can be improved. On the other hand, since the vent hole 4 communicating with the outside is formed only at the upper end portion of the heat insulating space layer 2, natural convection of air is generated in the heat insulating space layer 2 due to a temperature difference between the outside of the building and the inside of the outer wall. Thus, moisture inside the outer wall panel 1 can be released from the vent hole 4 at the upper end to the outside. In other words, natural convection means that hot air flows inside the heat insulating space layer 2 to the upper part of the heat insulating space layer 2 and is naturally discharged from the vent hole 4 to the outside as indicated by an arrow M in FIG. As shown by the arrow N in FIG. 3, low-temperature outdoor air is taken into the upper part of the heat insulation space layer 2 from the vent hole 4 and naturally flows down to the lower part of the heat insulation space layer 2. Due to the occurrence of natural convection, air is automatically exchanged in the heat insulating space layer 2. The arrows M and N for explaining the natural convection are described only in the second heat insulation space layer 2 from the right in FIG. 3. Of course, the same natural convection occurs in all other heat insulation space layers 2. It is. An arrow L in FIG. 3 indicates the direction of the upward flow of air and moisture generated by natural convection. As a result, it is possible to efficiently prevent the occurrence of condensation and mold in the indoor side B and the outer wall panel 1, and since the air is replaced by natural convection, there is no cost of electricity and no noise is generated. In addition, it is not necessary to provide an air inlet like the conventional ventilation wall at the lower end portion of the outer wall panel 1, and as a result, it is excellent in terms of economy and environmental hygiene, and has both durability and comfort of the building. Can be satisfied.

  By the way, when the heat insulation space layer 2 is made completely airtight, the heat insulation performance is enhanced. However, even if moisture penetrates into the heat insulation space layer 2, there is no place for moisture to escape. There is a problem that is likely to occur. On the other hand, the outer wall panel 1 of the present invention is able to ensure a certain degree of moisture-releasing performance by natural convection of air while improving the heat insulation performance, so that dew condensation occurs on the surface of the interior side B of the interior material 14 during heating in winter. In addition, it is possible to prevent dew condensation from occurring inside the outer wall panel 1 during cooling in summer, and there is an advantage that the inside of the outer wall panel 1, particularly the heat insulating material 12, can always be kept dry.

  Moreover, in this example, in order to ensure the thickness of the heat insulation space layer 2, the spacer 30 is interposed in the heat insulation space layer 2. FIG. An example of the spacer 30 is shown in FIGS. The spacer 30 is formed by forming a concavo-convex shape on the synthetic resin sheet material 30a by vacuum forming, and the surface of the sheet material 30a is bent to the surface side at a large number of locations on the sheet material 30a. Projecting and having a concave shape on the back surface, as shown in FIG. 6, the projecting leading end surface 31a of the curved portion 31 is brought into contact with the exterior material 16, and the sheet material 30a The back surface of the flat face plate portion 32 is in contact with the heat insulating material 12. Note that the spacer 30 may be turned upside down so that the protruding tip surface 31 a of the bent portion 31 is in contact with the heat insulating material 12 and the back surface of the bent portion 31 is in contact with the exterior material 16. The face plate portion 32 is formed with a through hole 33 penetrating the front and back. Further, a cross groove 34 that is recessed from the protruding front end surface 31a of the protruding portion 31a to the back side is formed. 5 and 6, reference numerals 35 and 36 denote ventilation paths that connect the back surface spaces 37 of the adjacent curved portions 31, arrow H in FIG. 6 indicates the flow direction of moisture contained in the heat insulating material 12, and arrow I Indicates the direction in which moisture contained in the heat insulating material 12 is discharged from the cross groove 34 provided in the bent portion 31 to the heat insulating space layer 2, and the arrow J indicates the flow direction of the outside air flowing through the heat insulating space layer 2. . Thus, by arranging the breathable spacer 30 inside the heat insulating space layer 2, the heat insulating space layer 2 can be secured to a predetermined thickness and without preventing the occurrence of natural convection of air inside the heat insulating space layer 2. The moisture release performance inside the outer wall panel 1 can be secured to some extent. The shape of the spacer 30 is not limited to the examples of FIGS. 5 and 6, and the design can be changed as appropriate.

It is a partially-omission sectional drawing at the time of comprising the outer wall of a one-story building using the outer wall panel of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a partially-omission sectional drawing at the time of comprising the outer wall of a two-story building using the outer wall panel same as the above. It is a figure explaining the flow of the air in the heat insulation space layer inside an outer wall panel same as the above. It is a plane sectional view of the same outer wall panel seen from the XX line of FIG. It is a perspective view of the spacer inserted in the heat insulation space layer same as the above. It is sectional drawing of the state which inserted the spacer same as the above into the heat insulation space layer.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer wall panel 2 Heat insulation space layer 3 Moisture permeable part 4 Vent hole A Vertical direction B Indoor side C Outdoor side

Claims (1)

A heat insulating space layer is formed inside the outer wall panel over substantially the entire length in the vertical direction of the outer wall panel, and the outdoor side of this heat insulating space layer is covered with an exterior material constituting the outdoor side portion of the outer wall panel, and the heat insulating space layer The outer wall panel is covered with a moisture permeable portion made of a moisture permeable material constituting the indoor side portion of the outer wall panel, and natural convection of air is generated in the heat insulating space layer only at the upper end portion of the heat insulating space layer. An outer wall characterized in that a vent hole communicating with the outside for escaping internal moisture to the outside is formed.

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