JP4825011B2 - Agricultural multi-film - Google Patents

Agricultural multi-film Download PDF

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JP4825011B2
JP4825011B2 JP2006012987A JP2006012987A JP4825011B2 JP 4825011 B2 JP4825011 B2 JP 4825011B2 JP 2006012987 A JP2006012987 A JP 2006012987A JP 2006012987 A JP2006012987 A JP 2006012987A JP 4825011 B2 JP4825011 B2 JP 4825011B2
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titanium dioxide
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JP2007189986A (en
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正之 江上
秀和 平山
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みかど化工株式会社
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本発明は、作物栽培時に地面を覆い作物の生育に好適な環境を構築する農業用マルチフィルムに関し、詳しくは夏場の野菜栽培において病虫害を防止できる農業用マルチフィルムに関する。   The present invention relates to an agricultural multifilm that covers the ground during crop cultivation and constructs an environment suitable for growing the crop, and more particularly relates to an agricultural multifilm that can prevent pest damage in summer vegetable cultivation.

一般に、マルチ栽培において、土中水分保持、土壌膨軟性の保持、肥料流亡防止、地温の上昇と抑制、初期成育の促進、初期収量の増加、生産の多収安定化を図るために、ポリオレフィンのようなプラスチックフィルムからなる農業用マルチフィルムが使用されている。   In general, in multi-cultivation, in order to maintain moisture in soil, maintain soil softness, prevent fertilizer loss, increase and control of soil temperature, promote initial growth, increase initial yield, and stabilize high yield of production, Agricultural multi-films made of such plastic films are used.

かかるプラスチックフィルムとしては、従来、二酸化チタンやアルミ微粒子をフィルムに配合して太陽光線を反射させて地温の上昇を防ぐ反射フィルムが知られている。   As such a plastic film, conventionally, a reflective film is known in which titanium dioxide or aluminum fine particles are blended into a film to reflect sunlight to prevent an increase in ground temperature.

しかし、かかるプラスチックフィルムでは、地温の低下が裸地並み或いはそれ以下にならず不十分である。地温の抑制効果が低いと、たとえ1℃程度の上昇でも根の活動に影響し、積算すると植物の生育を大幅に遅らせたりあるいは枯死させるという植物栽培に致命的な問題がある。   However, with such a plastic film, the decrease in ground temperature is not as low as or below that of bare ground, and is insufficient. If the suppression effect of the soil temperature is low, even if it rises by about 1 ° C, it will affect the root activity, and if accumulated, there will be a fatal problem in plant cultivation where the growth of the plant will be greatly delayed or killed.

このため特許文献1には、地温を裸地温度以下にすることが出来、栽培の難しい高温期の栽培に使用することにより、作物を良い栽培環境で育て、生育促進させ病害も低減することが出来る農業用フィルムが開示されている。
特願平11−220513
For this reason, in Patent Document 1, the ground temperature can be made lower than the bare ground temperature, and by using it for cultivation in a high temperature period where cultivation is difficult, the crop can be grown in a good cultivation environment to promote growth and reduce disease. A possible agricultural film is disclosed.
Japanese Patent Application No. 11-220513

上記特許文献1の明細書には、地温を裸地温度以下に大幅に低下させることにより、高温期のマルチ栽培において病害を低減できる旨が開示されているが、病害の低減は立証されていない。さらに地温を低下させるため小孔を多数開け水の蒸散による気化熱を利用しており、小孔から雑草が生え野菜の生育に障害となることがある。   The specification of Patent Document 1 discloses that the disease can be reduced in the mulch cultivation in the high temperature period by significantly lowering the ground temperature below the bare ground temperature, but the reduction of the disease has not been proved. . Furthermore, in order to lower the ground temperature, many small holes are opened and the heat of vaporization due to transpiration of water is used, and weeds grow from the small holes, which may hinder the growth of vegetables.

本発明者らは、さらに研究を進め、マルチフィルムを夏場の畝面に被覆して野菜を栽培する際に、波長800nmの太陽光近赤外域反射率が70%以上である場合に、地温が大きく下がり、生育促進と病虫害防止が図れることを見出し、本発明に至った。   The present inventors have further researched, and when cultivating vegetables by coating a multi-film on a summer surface, when the near-infrared reflectance of sunlight having a wavelength of 800 nm is 70% or more, the ground temperature is It was greatly reduced, and it was found that growth promotion and pest damage prevention could be achieved, and the present invention was achieved.

そこで、本発明は、夏場の畝面に被覆して野菜を栽培する際に野菜の生育促進と病虫害防止が図れる農業用マルチフィルムを提供することを課題とする。   Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the multifilm for agriculture which can aim at the growth promotion of vegetables, and prevention of a disease and pest damage, when covering the surface of a summer and growing vegetables.

また本発明の他の課題は、以下の記載によって明らかとなる。   Other problems of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

上記課題を解決する請求項1記載の農業用マルチフィルムは、一方の面が黒色層で他方の面が白色層である多層のポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる農業用マルチフィルムにおいて、 記白色層に添加する二酸化チタンの種類を選び、該白色層の該二酸化チタン濃度(wt%)の数値と該白色層の厚さ(μm)の数値の積が600以上700以下の農業用マルチフィルムの中から選ばれた波長800nmの太陽光近赤外域反射率が70%以上であることを特徴とする。 Agricultural mulch film for according to claim 1, wherein for solving the problems is the agricultural multi-film for which a multilayer polyolefin resin is a white layer and the other surface one surface black layer, added before Symbol white layer to select the type of titanium dioxide, selected from the titanium dioxide concentration (wt%) of the number and thickness of the white color layer ([mu] m) mulch film for agricultural product of the number is 600 or more 700 or less of the white color layer solar near infrared reflectance wavelength 800nm is characterized and der Turkey 70%.

本発明の好ましい態様は、夏場の野菜栽培用である請求項1記載の農業用マルチフィルムである。   A preferred embodiment of the present invention is the agricultural multi-film according to claim 1, which is for summer vegetable cultivation.

また本発明の他の好ましい態様は、白色層の二酸化チタン濃度(wt%)の数値と厚さ(μm)の数値の積が700以上であり、更に好ましい態様としては、白色層の二酸化チタン濃度(wt%)の数値と厚さ(μm)の数値の積が900以上であることである。   In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the product of the numerical value of the titanium dioxide concentration (wt%) and the thickness (μm) of the white layer is 700 or more, and as a more preferable embodiment, the titanium dioxide concentration of the white layer is The product of the numerical value of (wt%) and the numerical value of thickness (μm) is 900 or more.

更に本発明の他の好ましい態様は、波長800nmの太陽光近赤外域反射率は73%以上であり、より好ましくは80%以上である。   Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solar near infrared region reflectance at a wavelength of 800 nm is 73% or more, more preferably 80% or more.

本発明によれば、夏場の畝面に被覆して野菜を栽培する際に野菜の生育促進と病虫害防止が図れる農業用マルチフィルムを提供することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an agricultural multi-film that can promote the growth of vegetables and prevent pest damage when cultivating vegetables by covering the surface of the summer.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

本発明の多層フィルムの層構成は、一方の面が黒色層で他方の面が白色層であり、少なくとも2層構成であればよい。この多層フィルムは、白色層と黒色層のベース樹脂としてポリオレフィン系樹脂を用いた軟質の多層フィルムである。また白色層の表面に透明層を有していてもよい。   The layer structure of the multilayer film of the present invention may be at least two layers, with one surface being a black layer and the other surface being a white layer. This multilayer film is a soft multilayer film using a polyolefin resin as a base resin for the white layer and the black layer. Moreover, you may have a transparent layer on the surface of a white layer.

ポリオレフィン系樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−ブテン1共重合体、エチレン−4−メチル−1−ペンテン共重合体、エチレン−ヘキセン共重合体、エチレン−オクテン共重合体、エチレン−デセン共重合体等のエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−メチルメタクリレート共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル−メチルメタクリレート共重合体、アイオノマー共重合体等が挙げられる。   Examples of polyolefin resins include polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene 1 copolymer, ethylene-4-methyl-1-pentene copolymer, ethylene-hexene copolymer, and ethylene-octene copolymer. Copolymer, ethylene-α-olefin copolymer such as ethylene-decene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate Examples thereof include copolymers and ionomer copolymers.

本発明において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂として好ましいのは、低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン(LLDPE)、高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)であり、より好ましいのは、強度、柔軟性、耐候性、あるいはある程度の耐熱性を発揮する観点から、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン(LLDPE)である。   In the present invention, preferred as the polyolefin resin is low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and more. Preferred is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) from the viewpoint of exhibiting strength, flexibility, weather resistance, or a certain degree of heat resistance.

本発明の多層フィルムの厚みは、20〜75μmの範囲であり、好ましくは25〜70μmの範囲であり、より好ましくは30〜60μmの範囲である。厚みはフィルム断面の光学顕微鏡観察によって測定することが出来る。   The thickness of the multilayer film of the present invention is in the range of 20 to 75 μm, preferably in the range of 25 to 70 μm, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 60 μm. The thickness can be measured by optical microscope observation of the film cross section.

本発明において、白色層の二酸化チタン濃度(wt%)の数値と厚さ(μm)の数値の積は600以上である。   In the present invention, the product of the numerical value of the titanium dioxide concentration (wt%) and the thickness (μm) of the white layer is 600 or more.

かかる要件を満足するには、二酸化チタン濃度の数値を上げるか、あるいは白色層の厚みを増すか、あるいは二酸化チタン濃度の数値を上げると共に白色層の厚みを増す方法などがある。白色層の厚みはフィルム断面の光学顕微鏡観察によって測定することができる。   In order to satisfy such requirements, there are methods such as increasing the value of titanium dioxide concentration, increasing the thickness of the white layer, or increasing the value of titanium dioxide concentration and increasing the thickness of the white layer. The thickness of the white layer can be measured by optical microscope observation of the film cross section.

白色層の二酸化チタン濃度(wt%)の数値と厚さ(μm)の数値の積は600以上であり、700以上であることがより好ましく、更に好ましい態様としてはその積が900以上であることである。   The product of the numerical value of the titanium dioxide concentration (wt%) and the thickness (μm) of the white layer is 600 or more, more preferably 700 or more, and as a more preferred embodiment, the product is 900 or more. It is.

本発明の多層フィルムにおける波長800nmの太陽光近赤外域反射率は70%以上であり、好ましくは73%以上であり、より好ましくは80%以上である。   In the multilayer film of the present invention, the solar near infrared region reflectance at a wavelength of 800 nm is 70% or more, preferably 73% or more, more preferably 80% or more.

かかる反射率は分光光度計を用いて測定・算出できる。目的の反射率を得るのは二酸化チタンの種類を選び濃度を調整することで達成できる。   Such reflectance can be measured and calculated using a spectrophotometer. Obtaining the desired reflectance can be achieved by selecting the type of titanium dioxide and adjusting the concentration.

波長800nmの太陽光線は、近赤外域に属する波長の光線であり、かかる波長領域の太陽光線を70%以上反射すると、上記の要件と相俟って、夏場の野菜栽培における生育の促進と病害の防止ができる。特に夏場の畝面に本発明マルチフィルムを被覆して大根やキャベツ、レタス等低温期栽培野菜を栽培する際に効果を発揮する。   Sunlight with a wavelength of 800 nm is a light beam having a wavelength belonging to the near-infrared region. When 70% or more of sunlight in the wavelength region is reflected, the above requirements are combined with the promotion of growth and disease in summer vegetable cultivation. Can be prevented. In particular, the multi-film of the present invention is coated on the surface of the summer and is effective when cultivating low-temperature-grown vegetables such as radish, cabbage and lettuce.

黒色層の添加剤としては、カーボンブラックが挙げられる。かかるカーボンブラックの添加量は、特に限定されないが、1〜10wt%の範囲が好ましい。   An example of an additive for the black layer is carbon black. The amount of carbon black added is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 wt%.

本発明の農業用マルチフィルムに含有できる添加剤としては、耐候安定剤、酸化防止剤、滑剤、アンチブロッキング剤、無滴剤等のような農業用マルチフィルムに使われる各種添加剤を使用することが出来る。   As additives that can be contained in the agricultural multifilm of the present invention, various additives used in agricultural multifilms such as weathering stabilizers, antioxidants, lubricants, antiblocking agents, dripping agents, etc. should be used. I can do it.

本発明の多層フィルムを製造する方法としては、例えばインフレ共押出成形、Tダイ共押出成形、カレンダー、2軸延伸などの成形方法が挙げられる。   Examples of the method for producing the multilayer film of the present invention include inflation coextrusion molding, T-die coextrusion molding, calendaring, biaxial stretching, and the like.

本発明の農業用マルチフィルムを用いた野菜の栽培は、高冷地夏場の畝面に被覆してキャベツ、レタスなどの野菜を栽培することにも効果がある。ここで「高冷地」というのは、夏場でも平均気温が23℃を越えないところで、信州の場合は標高1000m前後あるいはそれ以上の所であり、作物が成長するのに必要な温度・日照・水分のある所をいい、比較的日照時間が長く、夏に気温が比較的低い状況にある。   Cultivation of vegetables using the agricultural multi-film of the present invention is also effective in cultivating vegetables such as cabbage and lettuce by covering the surface of summer in high-cold regions. Here, “high cold area” means that the average temperature does not exceed 23 ° C even in summer, and in Shinshu it is about 1000m above sea level or higher, and the temperature, sunshine, It is a place with moisture, has relatively long sunshine hours, and the temperature is relatively low in summer.

以下、本発明の実施例について説明するが、かかる実施例によって本発明が限定されるものではない。   Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

実施例1
<樹脂原料及び各層の構成>
Example 1
<Composition of resin raw material and each layer>

(1)白色層
下記ベース樹脂に二酸化チタンを添加した。二酸化チタンの濃度は、二酸化チタン濃度(wt%)と厚み(μm)の積が表1になるように決定した。
(1) White layer Titanium dioxide was added to the following base resin. The concentration of titanium dioxide was determined so that the product of titanium dioxide concentration (wt%) and thickness (μm) was as shown in Table 1.

(2)黒色層
下記ベース樹脂95重量部にカーボンブラック5重量部を添加した。
(2) Black layer 5 parts by weight of carbon black was added to 95 parts by weight of the following base resin.

(ベース樹脂)
上記白色層と黒色に各々用いるベース樹脂は、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン(比重0.920、メルトフローレート1.0)とした。
(Base resin)
The base resin used for each of the white layer and black was linear low density polyethylene (specific gravity 0.920, melt flow rate 1.0).

<多層フィルム試料の製造>
上記白色層組成物と黒色層組成物を、それぞれ別々の押出機で、160℃の温度で溶融・混練し、1台のインフレーション成形多層ダイに供給して、多層ダイ内で溶融組成物同士を積層させ(白色層と黒色層を積層させ)、次いで円形のスリットから押出し、ブローアップして冷却して、チューブ状に成形して、白色層と黒色層の多層フィルム試料1、2、3、4及び5を得た。
<Manufacture of multilayer film sample>
The white layer composition and the black layer composition are melted and kneaded at a temperature of 160 ° C. with separate extruders, supplied to one inflation molded multilayer die, and the molten compositions are combined with each other in the multilayer die. Laminated (white layer and black layer are laminated), then extruded from a circular slit, blown up and cooled, formed into a tube shape, multilayer film samples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were obtained.

<多層フィルムの厚さ>
各フィルム試料の厚さは表1に示したとおりである。
<Thickness of multilayer film>
The thickness of each film sample is as shown in Table 1.

<多層フィルムの反射率>
各フィルム試料について、波長800nmの反射率を、日立分光光度計を用いて測定・算出した。その結果を表1に示した。
<Multilayer film reflectivity>
About each film sample, the reflectance of wavelength 800nm was measured and calculated using the Hitachi spectrophotometer. The results are shown in Table 1.

<栽培試験>
(試験場所)
上記フィルム試料1、2、3、4及び5を用いて、夏場に千葉県市原市のみかど化工株式会社の試験農場において、大根のマルチ栽培を行った。
<Cultivation test>
(Testing location)
Using the above film samples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, radish mulch was cultivated at a test farm of Mikado Kako Co., Ltd., Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture in the summer.

(圃場)
試験農場にそれぞれ1区8m(巾1m×長10m)からなる試験区を作り、それぞれのフィルムを被覆して、本発明実験区及び比較対照区を作成した。
(Field)
A test plot consisting of 1 m 8 m 2 (width 1 m × length 10 m) was made on each test farm, and each film was coated to create a test plot of the present invention and a comparative control plot.

(品種)
栽培に用いた大根の品種:「献夏」(株式会社サカタのタネ製品)
(Variety)
Radish varieties used for cultivation: “Summer” (Sakata Seed Co., Ltd.)

(評価)
<地温の測定>
1)測定法
栽培期間中の畝頂部下10cm地点の地温をTandD社製「おんどとり」を用いて測定した。
(Evaluation)
<Measurement of ground temperature>
1) Measuring method The soil temperature at a point 10 cm below the top of the ridge during the cultivation period was measured using “Ondori” manufactured by TandD.

2)測定結果:8月晴天日の最高地温の平均値を表1に示す。   2) Measurement results: Table 1 shows the average value of the highest ground temperature on a clear day in August.

<生育の測定>
8月2日各植穴に大根の種を3粒ずつ播種して、8月25日に間引きを行い、間引いた大根の葉を測定した。
<Measurement of growth>
On August 2, three radish seeds were sown in each planting hole, thinned on August 25, and the thinned radish leaves were measured.

<病虫害の測定>
間引いた葉の外観を観察して病虫害の程度を記録した。
<Measurement of pest damage>
The degree of pest damage was recorded by observing the appearance of the thinned leaves.

<結果>
表1に示すとおりである。
<Result>
As shown in Table 1.

Figure 0004825011
Figure 0004825011

以上、表1から、酷暑の時期に播種した大根は本発明のマルチフィルムを被覆することにより順調に生育して、病原菌や虫による障害を防ぎ、良好な大根を収穫することができる。   As described above, from Table 1, radish sown at the time of extreme heat grows smoothly by coating the multifilm of the present invention, and can prevent damage caused by pathogenic bacteria and insects and harvest good radish.

実施例2
<試験フィルム>
実施例1と同様な方法で、他の種類のやや青みがかった二酸化チタンを使い、白色層の二酸化チタン濃度(wt%)と厚み(μm)の積及び多層フィルムの厚さが試料5と同様にして試料6を作成した。
Example 2
<Test film>
In the same manner as in Example 1, using another kind of slightly bluish titanium dioxide, the product of the titanium dioxide concentration (wt%) and thickness (μm) of the white layer and the thickness of the multilayer film were the same as in Sample 5. Thus, sample 6 was prepared.

これらの試料に実施例1の試料1、2、3、4及び5を加え、地温の測定を行った。   Samples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Example 1 were added to these samples, and the ground temperature was measured.

<多層フィルムの反射率>
試料6について、波長800nmの反射率を、日立分光光度計を用いて測定・算出した。その結果を表2に示した。
<Multilayer film reflectivity>
For sample 6, the reflectance at a wavelength of 800 nm was measured and calculated using a Hitachi spectrophotometer. The results are shown in Table 2.

<地温の測定>
(試験場所)千葉県市原市みかど化工株式会社の試験農場において、地温試験区を作り、測定を行った。
<Measurement of ground temperature>
(Test place) In the test farm of Ichihara-shi, Chiba Prefecture Mikado Kako Co., Ltd., a geothermal test zone was created and measured.

(地温試験)試験農場に巾0.6m×長0.9mの畝を、各フィルム試料について、本発明実験区及び比較対照区を作成し、該畝面上に上記フィルム試料を敷設した。 (Soil temperature test) A 0.6 m wide by 0.9 m long paddle was created on the test farm, and an experimental group of the present invention and a comparative control group were prepared for each film sample, and the film sample was laid on the saddle surface.

フィルムを被覆しない畝も参考区とした。   A wrinkle that does not cover the film was also used as a reference zone.

(測定法)7月晴天日に畝頂部下10cm地点の地温をTandD社製地温測定機「おんどとり」を用いて測定した。 (Measurement method) The ground temperature at a point 10 cm below the peak of the summit was measured on a fine day in July using a ground temperature measuring device "Andori" manufactured by TandD.

(測定結果)表2に示すとおり。 (Measurement results) As shown in Table 2.

Figure 0004825011
Figure 0004825011

表2から、本発明フィルムは、いずれも比較の試料よりも、2℃以上地温を低下することができ、表1の結果も考慮すれば、比較対照区に比べ、夏場の大根栽培の生育促進と病虫害防止に優れた効果を得ることが予想でき、良好な野菜を収穫することが期待できる。   From Table 2, all the films of the present invention can lower the soil temperature by 2 ° C. or more than the comparative samples, and considering the results in Table 1, the growth promotion of radish cultivation in summer compared to the comparative control group It can be expected to obtain an excellent effect in preventing pest damage and harvesting good vegetables.

Claims (2)

一方の面が黒色層で他方の面が白色層である多層のポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる農業用マルチフィルムにおいて、
記白色層に添加する二酸化チタンの種類を選び、該白色層の該二酸化チタン濃度(wt%)の数値と該白色層の厚さ(μm)の数値の積が600以上700以下の農業用マルチフィルムの中から選ばれた波長800nmの太陽光近赤外域反射率が70%以上であることを特徴とする農業用マルチフィルム。
In the agricultural multi-film consisting of a multi-layer polyolefin-based resin in which one side is a black layer and the other side is a white layer,
Select the type of titanium dioxide added before Symbol white layer, the thickness of the numeric values and the white color layer of the titanium dioxide concentration of the white color layer (wt%) (μm) for agricultural product of the number is 600 or more 700 or less of agricultural multi-film solar near infrared reflectance of the selected wavelength 800nm is characterized a 70% der Turkey from the multi-film.
夏場の野菜栽培用であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の農業用マルチフィルム。The agricultural multi-film according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural multi-film is for summer vegetable cultivation.
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