JP4774036B2 - Agricultural multi-material and initial growth method of vegetables - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a translucent agricultural multi-material and a method for initial growth of vegetables, and more specifically, imparts drip-free properties to polyolefin multi-film and is excellent in translucency, particularly suitable for cultivation of vegetables such as radish. The present invention relates to an agricultural multi-material and an initial growth method of vegetables using the same.

  In multi-cultivation, multi-materials (multi-films) are used for the purpose of increasing soil temperature, retaining soil moisture, preventing soil consolidation, preventing nutrient runoff and preventing weed overgrowth.

  When multi-cultivating vegetables such as radishes in winter when the outside air temperature is low, it is important for the multi-material to transmit sunlight to raise the ground temperature for about one month after sowing. For this reason, translucency is required as a property of the multi-material.

  However, when water droplets adhere to the inside of the multi-material due to condensation and become cloudy white, the transmittance of sunlight decreases, thereby lowering the ground temperature (not rising), which is the initial growth of vegetables. There is a problem of adverse effects.

  Conventionally, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose methods of applying a droplet-free agent to the surface of a multi-material in order to prevent condensation.

  However, the duration of the drop-free agent formed in the application is extremely short, and it is necessary to apply it many times during the initial growth period, and there is room for improvement.

Therefore, there is also known a method of kneading a surfactant which is a droplet-free agent into the film (Patent Document 3). However, the amount of the surfactant to be kneaded is described in the literature with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin. Although description to mix | blend 0.01-30 weight part of activators is recognized, when an Example is seen, it is about 1.0 weight part in an inner layer. It is preferable to add a surfactant at a high concentration because the droplet-free effect is maintained, but it is preferable to add a surfactant at a high concentration, which causes bleeding from the film surface and whitening and stickiness of the surface, which in turn shortens the droplet-free duration. There was a serious problem. Therefore, from a practical point of view, it is impossible to add more than 1.0 part by weight to a thin multifilm.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-138545 JP-A-7-53747 JP 11-335567 A

  By adding a specific concentration of a specific metal powder or metal oxide powder, the present inventors can suppress the seepage of the surfactant even if the surfactant is blended at a high concentration, and maintain long-term drip-free properties. It has been found that the initial growth period of vegetables can be maintained for one month without dripping, the soil temperature is raised, and in particular, the initial growth of vegetables such as radishes is improved, leading to the present invention. It was.

  The object of the present invention is to suppress the seepage of the surfactant and maintain the long-term drip-free property, to maintain the drip-free for 1 month, which is the initial growth period of vegetables, and to increase the ground temperature. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide an agricultural multi-material that improves the initial growth of vegetables such as radish and a method of initial growth of vegetables using the same.

  The other subject of this invention becomes clear by the following description.

  The above problems are solved by the following inventions.

(Claim 1)
The polyolefin-based resin film contains a surfactant in an amount of 0.4 to 1 g per 1 m ² of film, and contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of at least one metal powder composed of silver, titanium, zinc or aluminum. A translucent agricultural multi-material characterized by that.

(Claim 2)
The light transmitting material according to claim 1, wherein the linear low density polyethylene film contains 0.4 to 1 g of surfactant per 1 m ² of film and 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of silver powder. Multi-material for agricultural use.

(Claim 3)
The light transmitting material according to claim 1, wherein the linear low density polyethylene film contains 0.4 to 1 g of a surfactant per 1 m ² of the film and 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of aluminum powder. Multi-material for agricultural use.

(Claim 4)
The polyolefin resin film contains 0.4 to 1 g of a surfactant per 1 m ² of the film, and 0.05 to at least one kind of metal oxide powder made of silver oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, or zinc oxide. A translucent agricultural multi-material characterized by containing 0.5 wt%.

(Claim 5)
In the winter cultivation method of the vegetables which coat | cover the translucent agricultural multi-material in any one of Claims 1-4 in a cocoon, and seed | inoculate and plant a vegetable seed and seedling in this cocoon in winter. ,
An initial growth method for vegetables in which the initial growth period after sowing prevents the water droplets from adhering to the inner surface of the film and grows the vegetables initially.

(Claim 6)
6. The method for initial growth of vegetables according to claim 5, wherein the vegetables are radishes.

(Claim 7)
6. The method for initial growth of vegetables according to claim 5, wherein the vegetables are fruit vegetables or leaf vegetables.

  According to the present invention, the leaching of the surfactant can be suppressed, the long-term drip-free property can be maintained, the one-month drip, which is the initial growth period of vegetables, can be maintained, the ground temperature is increased, In particular, it is possible to provide an agricultural multi-material that improves initial growth of vegetables such as radish and a method of initial growth of vegetables using the same.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

<Multi-material>
The agricultural multi-material (multi-film) of the present invention contains 0.4 to 1 g of a surfactant per 1 m ² of film in a translucent polyolefin resin film.

  Examples of the polyolefin resin film include a low density polyethylene film, a linear low density polyethylene film, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film. As the low density polyethylene, a polyethylene film having a density of 0.910 to 0.930 g / cc can be used. As the linear low density polyethylene film, one having a melt index (MI) in the range of 0.05 to 5.0 and a specific gravity in the range of 0.900 to 0.960 can be used. Further, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably one having a vinyl acetate monomer content of about 3 to 15% by weight.

<Surfactant>
Surfactants include glycerin mono-fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid diester, glycerin fatty acid triester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, higher alcohol ethylene oxide adduct, N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) aliphatic. Non-ion such as amine, N, N-bis (2-hydroxyisopropyl) aliphatic amine, N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) aliphatic amide, N, N-bis (2-hydroxyisopropyl) aliphatic amide Type surfactants; ionic surfactants such as aliphatic sulfonates, higher alcohol sulfates, higher alcohol phosphates, and quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactants.

  Among these, it is preferable to use at least one compound selected from glycerin fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid diester, glycerin fatty acid triester, and polyglycerin fatty acid ester from the viewpoint of performance and price, and polyglycerin fatty acid ester is more preferable.

In the present invention, the surfactant is contained in an amount of 0.4 to 1 g per 1 m ^{2 of the} polyolefin resin film. The present invention is characterized in that even if the amount of surfactant added is increased, the duration of water droplet adhesion prevention can be maintained for one month. The addition amount of this surfactant is 2 to 5 wt% with respect to the polyolefin-based resin, and conventionally, is an addition amount that causes bleeding.

<The metal powder of the present invention and the metal oxide powder of the present invention>
The agricultural multi-material (multi-film) of the present invention is a metal powder composed of silver, titanium, zinc or aluminum (referred to as the present metal powder) or a metal oxide powder composed of silver oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide or zinc oxide. At least one kind of (the metal oxide powder of the present invention) is contained in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight (wt).

  If the amount of the metal powder of the present invention or the metal oxide powder of the present invention is less than 0.05% by weight, the effect of preventing bleeding is insufficient, and if it exceeds 0.5% by weight, the translucency deteriorates.

  The particle size of the metal powder or metal oxide powder is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5 μm. The particle size of the powder was measured with an optical microscope.

<Principle or mechanism>
The principle or mechanism of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 shows that when only the surfactant A is added to the film 1 at a high concentration and kneaded, the film surface excessively oozes out and the film surface becomes sticky. In contrast, when the metal powder or metal oxide powder B of the present invention is added in addition to the surfactant A as in the present invention, the surfactant A and the metal powder or metal oxide powder B attract each other. Appropriate bleeding begins to occur on the film surface (see FIG. 2).

  Therefore, the film of the present invention has good translucency, is not sticky, has no water droplets in the early stage of crop growth, and is excellent in the growth effect.

  That is, the water droplets attached to the film surface block or reflect sunlight, so that the light cannot reach the multi-cultivated soil sufficiently, the rise in the ground temperature is hindered, the ground temperature is lowered, and the crop grows in the early stage of crop growth. There is a problem that is delayed.

  For example, in root vegetables such as radish, it is important that the ground temperature is maintained at a predetermined temperature in order to allow the radish to grow well in the first month of growth, but there is a decrease in ground temperature due to water drops as described above. And good radish cannot grow.

  However, if it is configured so that water droplets do not adhere for about one month as in the film of the present invention, the ground temperature can be prevented from lowering due to water droplets during the first month of radish growth, and as a result, the yield of radish can be increased. Can do.

  Moreover, since water drops cause the occurrence of disease and pest damage, if the disease is affected early in the growth period, an increase in yield cannot be expected. However, in the film of the present invention, since water droplets can be prevented from adhering at the early stage of growth, diseases at the early stage of growth can be prevented. As a result, the yield is increased.

<Translucency>
The translucency of the multi-material of the present invention is such that the transmissivity is 50% or more, preferably 70% or more. The light transmittance is calculated from an average value of a transmittance in a so-called visible light region having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm using a spectrophotometer (for example, Hitachi U-2800 type).

<Thickness>
The thickness of the translucent agricultural multi-material (film) of the present invention is in the range of 10 to 30 μm, preferably in the range of 15 to 25 μm. If it is less than 10 μm, there is a problem that the strength is insufficient, and if it exceeds 30 μm, there is a problem that it becomes expensive. In the present invention, a high-concentration surfactant is blended in such a thin film.

<Other additives>
The translucent agricultural multi-material (film) of the present invention is a translucent polyolefin resin film, and other compounding agents may be added as long as the translucency can be maintained. For example, particles or powders used for agricultural plastic films such as TiO ₂ , SiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , talc, mica and hydrotalcite can be added.

<Production method>
The translucent agricultural multi-material (film) of the present invention can be produced by film formation (molding) using an inflation molding method or a T-die molding method.

<Initial growth method of vegetables>
The multi-material of the present invention described above is preferably used for the initial growth method of vegetables in winter.

  Among vegetables, root vegetables include radish, carrot, taro, turnip, potato, burdock, etc. Especially radish, carrot, etc. whose initial growth quality for about one month after sowing affects the yield. Is suitable.

  In particular, radish has a characteristic that the growth speed slows down at low temperatures in the winter, so after the sowing, the water temperature does not adhere to the film for about a month, and the winter temperature is not inhibited by preventing the incidence of sunlight. If kept high, good quality radishes can be harvested.

  In addition, fruit vegetables (sweet corn, watermelon, strawberry, melon, etc.) and leaf vegetables (lettuce, spinach, cabbage, broccoli, etc.) are also protected by preventing sunlight from entering and keeping the ground temperature in winter high. As the growth progresses, the number of harvest days can be shortened.

  Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be illustrated by examples.

Example 1
A linear low density polyethylene (MI 1.0, specific gravity 0.920) is blended with 2.5 wt% polyglycerol fatty acid ester (water solubility 0.003 wt%) and 0.07 wt% silver powder, and 20 μm by an inflation molding method. Made a film.

Example 2
In Example 1, a film was prepared in the same manner except that the amount of polyglycerol fatty acid ester added was changed to 5 wt%.

Example 3
A film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of silver powder added was changed to 0.5 wt%.

Example 4
In Example 1, a film was prepared in the same manner except that aluminum powder was used instead of silver powder.

Comparative Example 1
Using a linear low density polyethylene (MI 1.0, specific gravity 0.920), a 20 μm film was formed by an inflation molding method.

Comparative Example 2
A linear low density polyethylene (MI 1.0, specific gravity 0.920) is blended with 2.5 wt% polyglycerin fatty acid ester (water solubility 0.003 wt%) and 0.02 wt% silver powder, and 20 μm by an inflation molding method. Made a film.

Comparative Example 3
A linear low density polyethylene (MI 1.0, specific gravity 0.920) is blended with 1 wt% polyglycerin fatty acid ester (water solubility 0.003 wt%) and 0.07 wt% silver powder, and 20 μm in an inflation molding method. A film was created.

Comparative Example 4
In Comparative Example 2, a film was prepared in the same manner except that the amount of polyglycerol fatty acid ester added was changed to 5 wt%.

Comparative Example 5
In Comparative Example 2, a film was prepared in the same manner except that 1 wt% of silver powder was added.

<Evaluation>
1. Film Surface Stickiness Situation of film surface stickiness due to the passage of days after molding was visually observed and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.
(Evaluation criteria) ○: No stickiness △: Slightly sticky ×: Sticky

2. Confirmation of adhesion of water drops On the farm in Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture on the premises of Mikado Kako Co., Ltd., several ridges with a width of 0.9m, a length of 2m, and a height of 10cm were made. Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 The film was covered with a multi-film to confirm the state of water droplet adhesion.
(Experiment date; December 25, 2006)

Evaluation was made according to the following criteria, and the results are shown in Table 2.
(Evaluation criteria) ○: No adhesion, △: Partial adhesion, ×: Whole adhesion

3. Growth test January 24, 2007 Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture Mikado Kako Co., Ltd. A farm on the premises made several 0.9m wide, 20m long, 10cm high ridges, each film of the Examples and Comparative Example 1, The radish seeds were sowed in 4 rows, and the growth was observed.

  In the evaluation, the conditions of initial growth (up to 30 days after sowing) and medium-term growth (from 40 days to 60 days after sowing) were observed.

  Harvesting was performed 84 days after sowing. Evaluation was based on the classification of LL being extra large, M being normal, and S being small. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.

Principle diagram showing a conventional example Principle of the present invention

Explanation of symbols

A: Surfactant B: Metal powder or metal oxide powder

Claims (7)

The polyolefin-based resin film contains a surfactant in an amount of 0.4 to 1 g per 1 m ² of film, and contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of at least one metal powder composed of silver, titanium, zinc or aluminum. A translucent agricultural multi-material characterized by that. The light transmitting material according to claim 1, wherein the linear low density polyethylene film contains 0.4 to 1 g of surfactant per 1 m ² of film and 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of silver powder. Multi-material for agricultural use. The light transmitting material according to claim 1, wherein the linear low density polyethylene film contains 0.4 to 1 g of a surfactant per 1 m ² of the film and 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of aluminum powder. Multi-material for agricultural use. The polyolefin resin film contains 0.4 to 1 g of a surfactant per 1 m ² of the film, and 0.05 to at least one kind of metal oxide powder made of silver oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, or zinc oxide. A translucent agricultural multi-material characterized by containing 0.5 wt%. In the winter cultivation method of the vegetables which coat | cover the translucent agricultural multi-material in any one of Claims 1-4 in a cocoon, and seed | inoculate and plant a vegetable seed and seedling in this cocoon in winter. ,
An initial growth method for vegetables in which the initial growth period after sowing prevents the water droplets from adhering to the inner surface of the film and grows the vegetables initially.   6. The method for initial growth of vegetables according to claim 5, wherein the vegetables are radishes.   6. The method for initial growth of vegetables according to claim 5, wherein the vegetables are fruit vegetables or leaf vegetables.

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